This advanced monograph on finite Riemann surfaces, based on the authors' 1949-50 lectures at Princeton University, remains a fundamental book for graduate students. Suitable for graduate-level courses, the text begins with three chapters that offer a development of the classical theory along historical lines, examining geometrical and physical considerations, existence theorems for finite Riemann surfaces, and relations between differentials. Subsequent chapters explore bilinear differentials, surfaces imbedded in a given surface, integral operators, and variations of surfaces and of their functionals. The book concludes with a look at applications of the variational method and remarks on generalization to higher dimensional Kahler manifolds.