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The Gospel According to the Earth: Why the Good Book Is a Green Book
by Matthew Sleeth“Matthew Sleeth is a significant convert in the growing company of Christians who bring intelligence, passion, a biblically trained imagination, and mature Christian witness to the care of creation.” — Eugene Peterson, Author of Living the Message“Matthew Sleeth is a breath of fresh air. In The Gospel According to the Earth, he retells the Bible’s most familiar stories in ways that will stimulate your imagination, soften your heart, and challenge you to think more deeply about caring for creation.” Jonathan Merritt, author of Green Like God From Dr. Matthew Sleeth, the leading Christian voice for the green movement, comes a dynamic and surprising primer on all the Bible teaches on caring for the earth— and an ideal companion volume to The Green Bible.
California Against the Sea: Visions for Our Vanishing Coastline
by Rosanna XiaFrom a celebrated environmental journalist, the riveting exploration of sea level rise along the West Coast through human stories and ecological dramas."Viscerally urgent, thoroughly reported, and compellingly written—a must-read for our uncertain times." —Ed Yong, author of An Immense World"When do seawalls make sense? And when is it better to give in to the tides? [...] In California Against the Sea, Xia [...] writes about the difficult realities of trying to incorporate fairness into our tally of costs and benefits." —The New YorkerAlong California’s 1,200-mile coastline, the overheated Pacific Ocean is rising and pressing in, imperiling both wildlife and the maritime towns and cities that 27 million people call home. In California Against the Sea, Los Angeles Times coastal reporter Rosanna Xia asks: As climate chaos threatens the places we love so fiercely, will we finally grasp our collective capacity for change?Xia, a Pulitzer Prize finalist, investigates the impacts of engineered landscapes, the market pressures of development, and the ecological activism and political scrimmages that have carved our contemporary coastline—and foretell even greater changes to our shores. From the beaches of the Mexican border up to the sheer-cliffed North Coast, the voices of Indigenous leaders, community activists, small-town mayors, urban engineers, and tenacious environmental scientists commingle. Together, they chronicle the challenges and urgency of forging a climate-wise future. Xia’s investigation takes us to Imperial Beach, Los Angeles, Pacifica, Marin City, San Francisco, and beyond, weighing the rivaling arguments, agreements, compromises, and visions governing the State of California’s commitment to a coast for all. Through graceful reportage, she charts how the decisions we make today will determine where we go tomorrow: headlong into natural disaster, or toward an equitable refashioning of coastal stewardship.
Rifting and Sediments in the Red Sea and Arabian Gulf Regions
by Rasul, Najeeb M.A. Stewart, Ian C.F.Rifting and Sediments in the Red Sea and Arabian Gulf Regions is a unique text that covers a wide range of topics related to the tectonics and geology of the Red Sea and Arabian (Persian) Gulf region. This book is a collection of invited and peer-reviewed chapters contributed by active researchers around the world.The topics covered in this book include tectonics, magmatism, and lithology, particularly in the Red Sea area. The book also delves into the sediments and evaporites of the Red Sea and Gulf. As the area around the Arabian Peninsula is prone to earthquakes, the seismic hazard estimated in the Red Sea region is also covered by several chapters. Each chapter presents new data and offers extensive lists of references for the reader to explore further.With the ongoing debates regarding the structure of the Red Sea, this book serves as an excellent resource for researchers and any individuals interested in the geology of these two unique seas.
The Ionosphere with GNSS SDR: Specialized Software-Defined Radio for In-Depth Ionospheric Research (Springer Atmospheric Sciences)
by Ivan G. Petrovski IIThis comprehensive volume navigates through the complexities of Earth's ionosphere and its intricate relationship with GNSS spread-spectrum signals. The book delineates the nuanced structures and dynamics of Earth's atmosphere, offering profound insights into signal propagation, including a meticulous analysis of various ionospheric models. Delving into the instruments of choice, it encapsulates the facets of the GNSS space segment, its theoretical background, and practical applications. The ground and user segments discussed provide readers with a deep understanding of satellite dynamics and navigation data. Further chapters explore the intricacies of GNSS Software Defined Radio (SDR), offering a detailed examination of signal acquisition and tracking, and presenting innovative approaches to baseband data application without data decoding. A significant portion is devoted to manufacturing front-end hardware, providing guidance from specifications to testing, enabling readers to navigate the world of hardware design with ease. Lastly, the book ventures into the applications of GNSS receivers for ionospheric study, highlighting the construction of advanced observables and their practical applications in navigation processors. This section also elucidates the role of multi-station observables in extracting critical ionospheric information. A pivotal resource for researchers and professionals alike, this book stands as a testament to comprehensive research and innovation in the field of GNSS and SDR, fostering a deeper understanding of the Earth's ionosphere. This book serves as a natural progression from Dr.Petrocski's prior contributions, offering readers actionable insights grounded in theoretical understanding.
Solvable: How We Healed the Earth, and How We Can Do It Again
by Susan SolomonA compelling and pragmatic argument: solutions to yesterday’s environmental problems reveal today’s path forward. We solved planet-threatening problems before, Susan Solomon argues, and we can do it again. Solomon knows firsthand what those solutions entail. She first gained international fame as the leader of an expedition to Antarctica in 1986, making discoveries that were key to healing the damaged ozone layer. She saw a path—from scientific and public awareness to political engagement, international agreement, industry involvement, and effective action. Solomon, an atmospheric scientist and award-winning author, connects this career-defining triumph to the inside stories of other past environmental victories—against ozone depletion, smog, pesticides, and lead—to extract the essential elements of what makes change possible. The path to success begins when an environmental problem becomes both personal and perceptible to the general public. Lawmakers, diplomats, industries, and international agencies respond to popular momentum, and effective change takes place in tandem with consumer pressure when legislation and regulation yield practical solutions. Healing the planet is a long game won not by fear and panic but by the union of public, political, and regulatory pressure. Solvable is a book for anyone who has ever despaired about the climate crisis. As Solomon reminds us, doom and gloom get us nowhere, and idealism will only take us so far. The heroes in these stories range from angry mothers to gang members turned social activists, to upset Long Island birdwatchers to iconoclastic scientists (often women) to brilliant legislative craftsmen. Solomon’s authoritative point of view is an inspiration, a reality check, a road map, and a much-needed dose of realism. The problems facing our planet are Solvable. Solomon shows us how.
Watery Planet: How a water crisis is impacting our world
by Anna ClaybourneWatery Planet offers young readers a clear, insightful look at Earth's ongoing water challenges.Water makes our life on Earth possible. We need water not just to drink and keep clean, but also for agriculture, industry, transport and much, much more. But despite having an enormous amount of water on Earth, only 1 per cent of it is available for us to use and it's at increasing risk.Watery Planet looks at the reasons behind our looming water crisis - from uneven distribution to water wastage, pollution and climate change. It explores how floods, droughts and rising sea levels are becoming a stark reality as the world warms and describes how we are adapting to these challenges. It also looks at some positive, practical solutions to our water problems and explains how we can all do our part to help save Earth's most precious resource.Contents:A WHOLE WORLD OF WATER WE ALL NEED WATER! HOW WE GET WATER IS THERE ENOUGH WATER? WATER AND HEALTH CASE STUDY: COLLECTING WATER IN ETHIOPIA WATER POLLUTION WATER AND GLOBAL WARMING FLOODS AND DROUGHTS CASE STUDY: PAKISTAN FLOODS RISING SEA LEVELS WATER AND NATURE WATER AND WILDLIFE CASE STUDY: THIRSTY AVOCADOS DOING THINGS DIFFERENTLY WATER FOR THE WORLD CASE STUDY: THE ARAL SEA WATERY HOMES WHAT CAN YOU DO? THE FUTURE OF WATER GLOSSARY FURTHER READING INDEX Titles in this series:Plastic PlanetHot PlanetRecycled PlanetSustainable PlanetExtinction PlanetPeaceful Planet?Unequal Planet
Data-Driven Farming: Harnessing the Power of AI and Machine Learning in Agriculture
by Syed Nisar Hussain BukhariIn the dynamic realm of agriculture, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) emerge as catalysts for unprecedented transformation and growth. The emergence of big data, Internet of Things (IoT) sensors, and advanced analytics has opened up new possibilities for farmers to collect and analyze data in real-time, make informed decisions, and increase efficiency. AI and ML are key enablers of data-driven farming, allowing farmers to use algorithms and predictive models to gain insights into crop health, soil quality, weather patterns, and more. Agriculture is an industry that is deeply rooted in tradition, but the landscape is rapidly changing with the emergence of new technologies.Data-Driven Farming: Harnessing the Power of AI and Machine Learning in Agriculture is a comprehensive guide that explores how the latest advances in technology can help farmers make better decisions and maximize yields. It offers a detailed overview of the intersection of data, AI, and ML in agriculture and offers real-world examples and case studies that demonstrate how these tools can help farmers improve efficiency, reduce waste, and increase profitability. Exploring how AI and ML can be used to achieve sustainable and profitable farming practices, the book provides an introduction to the basics of data-driven farming, including an overview of the key concepts, tools, and technologies. It also discusses the challenges and opportunities facing farmers in today’s data-driven landscape. Covering such topics as crop monitoring, weather forecasting, pest management, and soil health management, the book focuses on analyzing data, predicting outcomes, and optimizing decision-making in a range of agricultural contexts.
Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, volume 11 number 4 (July 2024)
by Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource EconomistsThis is volume 11 issue 4 of Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists. As an official research journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, JAERE publishes papers that are devoted to environmental and natural resource issues. The journal's principal mission is to provide a forum for the scholarly exchange of ideas in the intersection of human behavior and the natural environment. Focusing on original, full-length research papers that offer substantial new insights for scholars of environmental and resource economics, JAERE presents a range of articles that are relevant for public policy, using approaches that are theoretical, empirical, or both.
Coastal Lagoons: Critical Habitats of Environmental Change (ISSN)
by Michael J. Kennish Hans W. PaerlWritten by an outstanding group of contributors, this book examines the function and structure of coastal lagoonal ecosystems and the natural and anthropogenic drivers of change that affect them, most notably nutrient over-enrichment from coastal watersheds and airsheds. The contributors target the susceptibility of coastal lagoons to eutrophication, the indicators of eutrophic conditions, the influences of natural factors such as major storms and other climate effects, and the resulting biotic and ecosystem impairments that have developed. The book compares biogeochemical and ecological response to nutrient enrichment and other pollutants in lagoonal estuaries to those in other estuarine types.
Solar Cooling: Basics and Advances
by S. C. Kaushik S. K. Tyagi V. BaijuThe book deals with the research activities focussed on solar VAD systems evaluating its merit of compatibility with ozone friendly refrigerants and adoptability with solar energy option. The authors of this book have given more emphasis on discussing various solar cooling VAD systems and its viability for the commercial use. Relevant references on "Solar Cooling: Basics and Advances" has been provided which significantly adopt some of the information for the completeness of the book.
The Handbook of Home Design: An Architect’s Blueprint for Shaping your Home
by Laura Jane ClarkArchitectural solutions & designs to optimize the spaces in your home without spending a fortune.Architect Laura Jane Clark, from the BBC and Netflix smash-hit series Your Home Made Perfect, has spent over 15 years designing, remodelling, and building homes with budgets that range from modest to enormous. THE HANDBOOK OF HOME DESIGN distils Laura's wealth of experience and enthusiasm giving you an accessible yet detailed guide to design, empowering you with the tools and knowledge to shape your home how you want. Throughout your home design journey, whether large or small, Laura takes you each step of the way from understanding your home, reading a plan and writing a brief, right through to sketching your own design and having the confidence to get what you want on the building site. Packed full of tips and tricks, inspiration and technical know-how, THE HANDBOOK OF HOME DESIGN is like having Laura by your side, showing you how to design practical yet beautiful spaces, get more storage into your life and create the home of your dreams.Laura Jane Clark wants to democratize the whole concept of residential architectural design and empower you to redesign your spaces by giving you the language and ability to confidently communicate your vision, get the most out of your design and ultimately love your finished home. Whether you are a long-term homeowner, first-time buyer or simply visualising your dream space, no matter what your budget is, this unique insight into Laura's process allows you to achieve both the design you want and the home you need.www.lamparchitects.co.uk Instagram: @laurajaneclark_
A Review of Landfill Leachate: Characterization Leachate Environment Impacts and Sustainable Treatment Methods (Springer Water)
by Salah Souabi Abdelkader AnouzlaSolid waste landfilling and related environmental issues have become global concerns, particularly in developing countries. Accelerating population growth and changing lifestyles have exacerbated health and environmental challenges. This book looks at the global ramifications of leachate characterization and environmental impacts, highlighting the different issues related to landfilling, such as leachate generation and its constituents. When water enters a landfill, it assimilates the dissolved components of the decomposing waste, thus forming a leachate with considerable impacts on the environment. The nature of the landfill and the waste received (household waste alone or mixed with industrial waste) determine whether the leachate produced is hazardous or not. The decomposition of solid waste in landfills goes through several stages, including an initial aerobic phase, an anaerobic acid phase, an initial methanogenic phase and a stable methanogenic phase. Leachates can contain significant concentrations of heavy metals, inorganic salts, ammonia, halogenated hydrocarbons, suspended matter, organic pollutants in significant quantities... Generally, leachate discharges are rich in phenol, highly toxic polluting ammonium. Ecotoxicological assessment of this effluent is essential to determine the impact of its contaminants on the aquatic ecosystem. If pollutants are not disposed of properly, leachate from landfills can potentially enter soils and subsoils, severely contaminating surface and groundwater bodies. Therefore, reducing pollutant levels through leachate treatment has garnered considerable attention in recent decades. This publication is an invaluable resource, providing up-to-date information on the impact and characterization of leachate landfills. It is therefore time to accentuate the training of executives with all the skills to facilitate the waste management through the research efforts of academics, in the field of solid wastelandfill operations.
Threats to Our Ocean Heritage: Bottom Trawling (SpringerBriefs in Archaeology)
by Charlotte JarvisThis open access book focuses on the destruction of our Ocean Heritage from bottom trawling. It brings together the natural and cultural sides of the marine environment to further our understanding of the importance of this heritage, how it is threatened by activities such as bottom trawling, and provides recommendations, such as a moratorium in particularly vulnerable areas that are currently unprotected. It is a unique publication in integrating cultural heritage into a discussion where the primary focus has been the destruction of natural heritage The book is divided into three sections that discuss, respectively, the international legal context, history and ecological impact of bottom trawling, case studies highlighting the impact of these destructive activities on underwater cultural heritage, and finally recommended future steps and how to use the damage presented here to halt future devastation. This book is a valuable tool for resource managers and representatives of governments and international organizations in their efforts to establish the moratoria called for. This book is also of interest to educators, archaeologists and practitioners working in the field of underwater cultural heritage. This is an open access book.
Ecology of Wild Bird Diseases
by Sasan FereidouniThe book focuses on the ecology of the most important infectious diseases of wild avian hosts, especially those with high morbidity and mortality rates. Disease ecology is an important scientific approach to study the relationships and interactions between living organisms, their environment, and potential pathogens. Birds have high diversity, and the very special ability to fly and migrate. They migrate over long distances, and share ecosystems with other animals, even humans. They serve as the most important natural source of several pathogens with zoonotic potential. Bird-pathogen interactions are increasingly changing due to the continuous anthropogenic disturbances in habitats and ecosystems. With intensified climate change and improved environmental conditions for vectors, as well as higher susceptibility of avian hosts due to simultaneous exposure to environmental stressors (e.g., contamination, food limitation, etc.), the probability of emerging new infections and their expansion into new territories increase tremendously. The Covid-19 pandemic has shown that neglected ecological and epidemiological interactions between wildlife, domestic animals and humans are paramount to global health.The book has a different approach to understanding complex and multiscale interactions among various ecological factors for the most important infectious diseases of wild birds. It provides valuable data to students and everyone who deals with avian species including biologists, researchers, conservationists, and policymakers.
A Conservative Environmentalist: The Life and Career of Frank Masland Jr.
by Thomas G. SmithA wealthy textile titan from Carlisle, Pennsylvania, Frank Masland Jr. was an ardent political conservative and an equally fervent conservationist who was well known and highly respected in the mid-twentieth-century environmental preservation community. This eye-opening biography charts Masland’s life work, telling the story of how he and fellow Republicans worked with Democrats to expand the national park system, preserve wild country, and protect the environment. Though a conservative conservationist appears to be a contradiction in terms today, this was not necessarily the case when Masland and his compatriots held sway. Conservatives, Masland insisted, had a duty to be good stewards of the earth for present and future generations, and they worked closely with members of both parties in Congress and nonpolitical conservation groups to produce landmark achievements. When conservatives turned against environmentalism during the Reagan presidency, Masland refused to join what historians have termed the “Republican reversal.” During his long life of nearly a hundred years, Masland used his voice, influence, experiences with nature, and considerable wealth to champion environmental causes at the national, state, and local levels. Engaging, informative, and at times eyebrow-raising, this portrait of a passionately anti-statist nature-loving Republican environmentalist documents the history of the twentieth-century conservation movement and reminds us of a time when conservative Republicans could work with liberal Democrats to protect the environment.
Horizons of the Future: Science Fiction, Utopian Imagination, and the Politics of Education (Critical Interventions)
by Graham B. SlaterHorizons of the Future: Science Fiction, Utopian Imagination, and the Politics of Education examines the relationship between science fiction, education, and social change in the 21st century.Global capitalism is ecologically unsustainable and ethically indefensible; time is running out to alter the course of history if humanity is to have hope of a livable future beyond the next century. However, alternatives are possible, offering much more equality, care, justice, joy, and hope than the established order. Popular culture and schools are key sites of struggles to imagine such alternatives. Drawing on critical theory, cultural studies, and sociology, Slater articulates the promising connection between science fiction and the future of education. He offers cutting-edge engagement with themes, perspectives, and modes of imagination in science fiction that can be mobilized politically and pedagogically to envision and enact critical forms of education that cultivate new utopian ways of relating to self, society, and the future.This thought-provoking book will be of interest to scholars and students in the social sciences and education.
Routledge Handbook of Insect Conservation (Routledge Environment and Sustainability Handbooks)
by Tim R. New James S. Pryke Michael J. Samways Pedro Cardoso René GaigherThis handbook presents a comprehensive overview of insect conservation and provides practical solutions to counteract insect declines, at a time where insects are facing serious threats across the world from habitat destruction to invasive species and climate change.The Routledge Handbook of Insect Conservation consist of six sections, covering all aspects of insect conservation, containing contributions from academics, researchers and practitioners from across the globe. Section I addresses the fundamentals of insect conservation and outlines the reason why insects are important and discusses the greatest drivers of insect decline. The chapters in Section II examine the approaches that can be used for insect conservation globally, such as protected areas and agroecology, while highlighting the importance of insects in the composition and function of ecosystems. The chapters in Section III focus on insect populations in the major biomes around the world, from temperate and tropical forests to savannas and grasslands, with the chapters in Section IV focusing on natural and manmade ecosystems of the world, including mountain, soil, urban, island and agricultural habitats. They discuss the unique pressures and challenges for each biome and ecosystem and offer practical solutions for conserving their insect populations. Section V focuses on the assessment and monitoring of insects for conservation, discussing how we can implement practical monitoring protocols and what options are available. A wide variety of methods and tools are examined, including citizen science, bioindication, the role of taxonomy, drones and eDNA. The book concludes by examining policy and education strategies for insect conservation in Section VI. The chapters discuss key issues around social and policy strategies and conservation legislation for ensuring the long-term protection of insects.This book is essential reading for students and scholars of biodiversity conservation and entomology as well as professionals and policymakers involved in conservation looking for real-world solutions to the threats facing insects across the globe.
Land Carbon Cycle Modeling: Matrix Approach, Data Assimilation, Ecological Forecasting, and Machine Learning
by Yiqi LuoCarbon moves through the atmosphere, through the oceans, onto land, and into ecosystems. This cycling has a large effect on climate – changing geographic patterns of rainfall and the frequency of extreme weather – and is altered as the use of fossil fuels adds carbon to the cycle. The dynamics of this global carbon cycling are largely predicted over broad spatial scales and long periods of time by Earth system models. This book addresses the crucial question of how to assess, evaluate, and estimate the potential impact of the additional carbon to the land carbon cycle. The contributors describe a set of new approaches to land carbon cycle modeling for better exploring ecological questions regarding changes in carbon cycling; employing data assimilation techniques for model improvement; doing real- or near-time ecological forecasting for decision support; and combining newly available machine learning techniques with process-based models to improve prediction of the land carbon cycle under climate change. This new edition includes seven new chapters: machine learning and its applications to carbon cycle research (five chapters); principles underlying carbon dioxide removal from the atmosphere, contemporary active research and management issues (one chapter); and community infrastructure for ecological forecasting (one chapter).Key Features Helps readers understand, implement, and criticize land carbon cycle models Offers a new theoretical framework to understand transient dynamics of the land carbon cycle Describes a suite of modeling skills – matrix approach to represent land carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles; data assimilation and machine learning to improve parameterization; and workflow systems to facilitate ecological forecasting Introduces a new set of techniques, such as semi-analytic spin-up (SASU), unified diagnostic system with a 1-3-5 scheme, traceability analysis, and benchmark analysis, and PROcess-guided machine learning and DAta-driven modeling (PRODA) for model evaluation and improvement Reorganized from the first edition with seven new chapters added Strives to balance theoretical considerations, technical details, and applications of ecosystem modeling for research, assessment, and crucial decision-making
Restoration of Boreal and Temperate Forests (Integrative Studies in Water Management & Land Development)
by John A. StanturfThis substantially updated new edition reflects the growing recognition that large areas of forests are degraded globally. This edition describes forest restoration in the context of rapid social, economic, environmental, and climate change. Covering the last decade's significant advances in forest restoration concepts and practice, this edition has 16 new chapters and 19 thoroughly revised chapters. This book is an excellent source of information for researchers, managers, policymakers, and graduate students in forestry and ecology.
Bayesian Analysis for Population Ecology (Chapman & Hall/CRC Interdisciplinary Statistics)
by Ruth King Byron Morgan Olivier Gimenez Steve BrooksNovel Statistical Tools for Conserving and Managing PopulationsBy gathering information on key demographic parameters, scientists can often predict how populations will develop in the future and relate these parameters to external influences, such as global warming. Because of their ability to easily incorporate random effects, fit state-space mode
Computational Modeling of Multiphase Geomaterials
by Fusao Oka Sayuri KimotoComputational Modeling of Multiphase Geomaterials discusses how numerical methods play a very important role in geotechnical engineering and in the related activity of computational geotechnics. It shows how numerical methods and constitutive modeling can help predict the behavior of geomaterials such as soil and rock.After presenting the fundament
Dynamics of Structures
by J. HumarThis major textbook provides comprehensive coverage of the analytical tools required to determine the dynamic response of structures. The topics covered include: formulation of the equations of motion for single- as well as multi-degree-of-freedom discrete systems using the principles of both vector mechanics and analytical mechanics; free vibratio
In Situ Testing in Geomechanics: The Main Tests
by Fernando SchnaidThis book outlines the practice and theory of the five key tests used in site characterisation by Geomechanical and Environmental Engineers. These tests are: Standard Penetration Tests, Cone Penetration Tests, Vane Test, Pressuremeter Tests, Dilatometer Tests. This book is aimed at practising engineers although its practical angle will also appeal to Civil Engineering students in their 3rd and 4th years.
Infrastructure and Built Environment for Sustainable and Resilient Societies: Proceedings of IBSR 2023 (Sustainable Civil Infrastructures)
by Arkopal Kishore Goswami Bharath Haridas Aithal Swati Maitra Ankhi BanerjeeThis book presents the select proceedings of the Annual Conference on "Infrastructure and Built Environment: Towards Sustainable and Resilient Societies" (IBSR 2023). It covers the latest research and technologies in the area of smart and sustainable built environment for inclusive societies. Various topics covered in this volume are multimodal urban transport, spatial informatics in urban planning, urban morphology, sustainable transport infrastructure development and many more. This book will be useful for researchers and professionals working in the fields of urban mobility, affordable housing, road infrastructure, and spatial informatics.
Ballast Water Treatment and Exchange for Ships (Synthesis Lectures on Ocean Systems Engineering)
by Alexander Olsen Pamela Rossi CiampoliniThe inadvertent transfer of harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens in the ballast water of ships has been determined to have caused a significant adverse impact to many of the world's coastal regions. The international maritime community, under the auspices of the IMO has developed several documents, including the “International Conventions for the Control and Management of Ship's Ballast Water and Sediments, 2004”, (Ballast Water Management Convention), which are aimed at preventing the introduction of unwanted aquatic organisms and pathogens through the discharge of ballast water and sediments. The Ballast Water Management Convention applies to vessels registered in a country which is party to the Convention and to those vessels registered in other countries when operating in the waters of a country which is party to the Convention. As a means to prevent, minimize and ultimately eliminate the risk to the environment, human health, property and resources arising from the transferof harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens through the control and management of vessel's ballast water and sediment, as well as to avoid unwanted side-effects from that control, the Convention requires vessels to conduct a ballast water exchange or be fitted with an approved ballast water management system. It is noted that several studies have shown that the effectiveness of ballast water exchange varies and is dependent on the vessel type (design), exchange method (sequential, flow-through and dilution methods), ballasting system configuration, exchange location, weather conditions and vessel's trading pattern. For these reasons (and others), it has been determined that ballast water exchange does not provide adequate protective measures to prevent damage from organisms and pathogens carried in a vessel's ballast, even though exchange was considered to be acceptable as an interim solution.This book includes updates for the clarification of Survey requirements and adds the definition of biological commissioning, testing as well as requirements for Class approved Service Providers to conduct biological commissioning testing. Moreover, this book includes updates due to the adoption of the requirements from IACS UR M74, Rev. 2 and UR F45 and is applicable for existing ships, where an application for approval for the plans of BWMS is made on or after 1 July 2022; or for new ships contracted for construction on or after 1 July 2022.