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The Liminality of Fairies: Readings in Late Medieval English and Scottish Romance
by Piotr SpyraExamining the fairies of medieval romance as liminal beings, this book draws on anthropological and philosophical studies of liminality to combine folkloristic insights into the nature of fairies with close readings of selected romance texts. Tracing different meanings and manifestations of liminality in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Sir Orfeo, Sir Launfal, Thomas of Erceldoune and Robert Henryson’s Orpheus and Eurydice, the volume offers a comprehensive theory of liminality rooted in structuralist anthropology and poststructuralist theory. Arguing that romance fairies both embody and represent the liminal, The Liminality of Fairies posits and answers fundamental theoretical questions about the limits of representation and the relationship between romance hermeneutics and criticism. The interdisciplinary nature of the argument will appeal not just to medievalists and literary critics but also to anthropologists, folklorists as well as scholars working within the fields of cultural history and contemporary literary theory.
Limits and Languages in Contemporary Irish Women's Poetry (New Directions in Irish and Irish American Literature)
by Daniela TheinováLimits and Languages in Contemporary Irish Women’s Poetry examines the transactions between the two main languages of Irish literature, English and Irish, and their formative role in contemporary poetry by Irish women. Daniela Theinová explores the works of well-known poets such as Eavan Boland, Eiléan Ní Chuilleanáin, Nuala Ní Dhomhnaill, Biddy Jenkinson and Medbh McGuckian, combining for the first time a critical analysis of the language issue with a focus on the historical marginality of women in the Irish literary tradition. Acutely alert to the textures of individual poems even as she reads these against broader critical-theoretical horizons, Theinová engages directly with texts in both Irish and English. By highlighting these writers’ uneasy poetic and linguistic identity, and by introducing into this wider context some more recent poets—including Vona Groarke, Caitríona O’Reilly, Sinéad Morrissey, Ailbhe Darcy and Aifric Mac Aodha—this book proposes a fundamental critical reconsideration of major late-twentieth-century Irish women poets, and, by extension, the nation’s canon.
Linguistic Intermarriage in Australia: Between Pride and Shame
by Hanna Irving TorshThis book examines the experiences of couples with different language backgrounds and different cultural origins as they negotiate love, partnership and parenting. It is based on the author’s doctoral research into the attitudes and experiences of the English-speaking background (ESB) partners of non-English-speaking background (NESB) migrants in Sydney, Australia. In particular, it seeks to understand how these English speakers negotiate being in a romantic relationship with someone who has a different first language. It explores how those from an ESB reconcile the negative perspectives of Anglophone culture towards “other” languages, with their desire to be a good partner who respects the linguistic differences in their relationship. The book is organised into six chapters, which move from a focus on the language of the individual, to the languages of the couple, and then to the wider family. The main finding is that although ESB partners had very different beliefs and attitudes towards language learning to their migrant partners, they attempted to compensate for these differences in various ways. It will be of particular interest to students and scholars in the fields of language education, minority languages, and language policy and planning.
Linguistic Justice: Black Language, Literacy, Identity, and Pedagogy (NCTE-Routledge Research Series)
by April Baker-BellBringing together theory, research, and practice to dismantle Anti-Black Linguistic Racism and white linguistic supremacy, this book provides ethnographic snapshots of how Black students navigate and negotiate their linguistic and racial identities across multiple contexts. By highlighting the counterstories of Black students, Baker-Bell demonstrates how traditional approaches to language education do not account for the emotional harm, internalized linguistic racism, or consequences these approaches have on Black students' sense of self and identity. This book presents Anti-Black Linguistic Racism as a framework that explicitly names and richly captures the linguistic violence, persecution, dehumanization, and marginalization Black Language-speakers endure when using their language in schools and in everyday life. To move toward Black linguistic liberation, Baker-Bell introduces a new way forward through Antiracist Black Language Pedagogy, a pedagogical approach that intentionally and unapologetically centers the linguistic, cultural, racial, intellectual, and self-confidence needs of Black students. This volume captures what Antiracist Black Language Pedagogy looks like in classrooms while simultaneously illustrating how theory, research, and practice can operate in tandem in pursuit of linguistic and racial justice. A crucial resource for educators, researchers, professors, and graduate students in language and literacy education, writing studies, sociology of education, sociolinguistics, and critical pedagogy, this book features a range of multimodal examples and practices through instructional maps, charts, artwork, and stories that reflect the urgent need for antiracist language pedagogies in our current social and political climate.
Linguistic Mitigation in English and Spanish: How Speakers Attenuate Expressions (Routledge Studies in Sociolinguistics)
by Nydia Flores-FerránThis volume offers a comprehensive examination of mitigation in speech in English and Spanish, exploring how it is defined and theorized and the various linguistic features employed to soften or downgrade the impact of a particular message across a range of settings. Building on the body of work done on mitigation in English, the book begins by discussing how it has been conceptualized in the literature, drawing on politeness theory among other perspectives from pragmatics, and highlighting increasing research on these topics in native and bilingual Spanish speakers and learners of Spanish. The volume explores examples from a variety of discursive contexts, including institutions, courts, and classrooms, to unpack mitigation as it occurs in spontaneous speech through different lenses, looking both at the actual units of discourse but also taking a broader view by examining differences across dialects as well. The book also looks at the ways in which conclusions drawn from this research might be applied pedagogically in language learning classrooms. This volume will serve as a jumping-off point for broader discussion in the field of mitigation and will be of particular interest to graduate students and researchers in pragmatics, sociolinguistics, and discourse analysis, in addition to learners and pre-service teachers of Spanish.
Linguistic Semiotics (Peking University Linguistics Research #3)
by Mingyu WangThis is the first book of its kind that explains the basic concepts, theoretical foundations and systematic research of linguistic semiotics, so as to establish a well-founded framework for linguistic semiotics as an independent discipline. While examining the major claims of different schools of semiotics, it also addresses 12 central issues concerning linguistic semiotics, and outlines semiotic studies in China focusing on the multiple research areas and accomplishments. In addition to illustrations and tables, the book offers an “Index of References in Linguistic Semiotics” consisting of 1,063 entries, including monographs, journal papers, conference proceedings, etc. in Chinese, English and Russian.
Linguistic Variation and Social Practices of Normative Masculinity: Authority and Multifunctional Humour in a Dublin Sports Club (Routledge Studies in Sociolinguistics)
by Fergus O'DwyerThis book explores the ways in which linguistic variation and complex social practices interact toward the formation of male interactional identities in a sports club in Dublin, illustrating the affordances of studying sporting contexts in contributing to advancing sociolinguistic theory. Adopting a participant-informed ethnographic approach, the book examines both the social interactional contexts within the club and the sociopragmatic and sociophonetic features which contribute to the different performances of masculinity in and outside the club. The volume focuses particularly on the linguistic analysis of humor and its multifunctional uses as a means of establishing solidarity and social ties but also aggression, competitiveness, and status within the social world of this club as well as similar such clubs across Ireland. The book’s unique approach is intended to complement and build on existing sociolinguistic studies looking at linguistic variation in groups by supporting quantitative data with ethnographically informed insights to look at social meaning in interaction from micro-, meso-, and macro-levels. This book will be of particular interesting to graduate students and scholars in sociolinguistics, language, gender, and sexuality, and language and identity.
Lingüística textual y enseñanza del español LE/L2 (Routledge Advances in Spanish Language Teaching)
by Javier de Santiago-Guervós; Lourdes Díaz Rodríguez; Javier Muñoz-BasolsLingüística textual y enseñanza del español LE/L2 ofrece una visión de conjunto teórico-práctica y actualizada de la Lingüística textual aplicada a la enseñanza del español como lengua extranjera y/o segunda, destinada especialmente a estudiantes graduados y a profesores en formación nativos y no nativos. El volumen, escrito por un elenco internacional de profesores-investigadores, presenta una visión actualizada y práctica de los géneros textuales más frecuentes en programaciones universitarias. Enmarcado por una síntesis actualizada de estudios e investigaciones en lingüística aplicada que recorre distintas perspectivas teóricas y metodológicas, recoge datos y propuestas procedentes de aulas de aprendizaje de español de distintos contextos internacionales. Su principal propósito es suscitar la reflexión teórico-práctica sobre los géneros discursivos y su papel en el aula, y ofrecer una descripción pormenorizada de los mismos para proporcionar al profesorado en formación, nativo y no nativo, recursos prácticos y propuestas didácticas que ejemplifican y guían de manera razonada cómo llevar al aula los distintos géneros textuales. Características principales: • Amplitud de aspectos de la lingüística textual y géneros discursivos abordados enteramente para el español LE/L2 y en español. • Estructuración homogénea de los capítulos que facilita la lectura y da coherencia al conjunto. Atención a géneros escritos y orales desde una perspectiva teórico-práctica que puede inspirar nuevas investigaciones. Atención a la diversidad geolectal del español, a los contextos en que este es L2 (Europa, EEUU) y a la de sus aprendices (hablantes de herencia, L2, LE). Orientado a la aplicación práctica y docente en la clase de L2/LE, cada capítulo dedicado a un género incluye consejos, pautas o actividades para el aula. Incluye temática actual en lingüística textual y aprendizaje de lenguas: escritura académica, divulgación científica, textos jurídicos, aprendizaje mediado por ordenador o el lenguaje de las redes. Capítulos bien fundamentados teórica y bibliográficamente, con sólido respaldo de datos empíricos procedentes de corpus, bien contextualizados. Aborda los aspectos teóricos tradicionales relativos al estudio de la tipología textual y los desafíos metodológicos que afronta el profesor al llevar al aula los distintos géneros discursivos. La presente obra presenta, en un solo volumen, una visión actualizada y práctica de los tipos textuales y géneros discursivos de uso más frecuente desde una perspectiva teórico-práctica: presentación, descripción y puesta en práctica es un esquema de trabajo directo y enormemente útil para su aplicación en el aula. El ámbito internacional en el que se mueven los autores le da una amplitud nunca antes recogida en una obra de lingüística textual. Todo ello hace de Lingüística textual y enseñanza del español LE/L2 una obra de consulta obligada para docentes de español como LE/L2, para estudiantes graduados y formadores de profesores, así como para cualquier persona que desee adquirir una perspectiva actual sobre lingüística textual, géneros discursivos y enseñanza e investigación en español nativo y no nativo.
Linguistics and Law (Routledge Guides to Linguistics)
by Jeffrey P. KaplanLinguistics and Law offers a clear and concise introduction to making sense of the law through linguistics. Drawing on lexical semantics, syntax, and pragmatics to interpret both written and spoken laws, this book: addresses how to interpret legal documents such as contracts, statutes, constitutional provisions and trademarks; provides thorough analyses of "language crimes" including solicitation, perjury, defamation, and conspiracy, as well as talk between police and criminal suspects; analyzes the Miranda warning in depth; tackles the question of whether there is a "language" of the law; draws on real-life case studies to aid understanding. Written in an approachable, conversational style and aimed at undergraduate students with little or no prior knowledge of linguistics or law, this book is essential reading for those approaching this topic for the first time.
Linguistics for Language Teachers: Lessons for Classroom Practice
by Sarah J. Shin Sunny Park-JohnsonThis book is an accessible introduction to linguistics specifically tailored for teachers of second language/bilingual education. It guides teachers stepwise through the components of language, focusing on the areas of linguistics that are most pertinent for teaching. Throughout the book there are opportunities to analyze linguistic data and discuss language-related issues in various educational and social contexts. Readers will be able to identify patterns in actual language use to inform their teaching and help learners advance to the next level. A highly readable account of how language works, this book is an ideal text for teacher education courses.
Linguistics for Language Teachers: Lessons for Classroom Practice
by Sunny Park-Johnson Sarah J. ShinThis book is an accessible introduction to linguistics specifically tailored for teachers of second language/bilingual education. It guides teachers stepwise through the components of language, focusing on the areas of linguistics that are most pertinent for teaching. Throughout the book there are opportunities to analyze linguistic data and discuss language-related issues in various educational and social contexts. Readers will be able to identify patterns in actual language use to inform their teaching and help learners advance to the next level. A highly readable account of how language works, this book is an ideal text for teacher education courses.
Linguistics for TESOL: Theory and Practice
by Hannah ValenzuelaThis textbook proposes a theoretical approach to linguistics in relation to teaching English. Combining research with practical classroom strategies and activities, it aims to satisfy the needs of new and experienced TESOL practitioners, helping them to understand the features of the English language and how those features impact on students in the classroom. The author provides a toolkit of strategies and practical teaching ideas to inspire and support practitioners in the classroom, encouraging reflection through regular stop-and-think tasks, so that practitioners have the opportunity to deepen their understanding and relate it to their own experience and practice. This book will appeal to students and practitioners in the fields of applied linguistics, TESOL, EAL, English language and linguistics, EAP, and business English.
Linked Noun Groups: Opposition and Expansion as Genre and Style Markers
by Michael Pace-SiggeThis book provides a corpus-led analysis of multi-word units (MWUs) in English, specifically fixed pairs of nouns which are linked by a conjunction, such as 'mum and dad', 'bride and groom' and 'law and order'. Crucially, the occurrence pattern of such pairs is dependent on genre, and this book aims to document the structural distribution of some key Linked Noun Groups (LNGs). The author looks at the usage patterns found in a range of poetry and fiction dating from the 17th to 20th century, and also highlights the important role such binomials play in academic English, while acknowledging that they are far less common in casual spoken English. His findings will be highly relevant to students and scholars working in language teaching, stylistics, and language technology (including AI).
The List: ‘A terrifyingly twisted and devious story' that will take your breath away
by Carys JonesFive names on a list. The first two are dead.The third is yours.A rip-roaring, addictive, intense and emotional thriller for fans of Lucy Foley, Ruth Ware, Phoebe Morgan, CL Taylor and Lisa Jewell...* * * * * * *Beth Belmont runs every day, hard and fast on the trail near home. She knows every turn, every bump in the road. So when she spots something out of place - a slip of white paper at the base of a tree - she's drawn to it.On the paper are five names. The third is her own.Beth can't shake off the unease the list brings. Why is she on it? And what ties her to the other four strangers?Then she discovers that the first two are dead.Is she next?Delving into the past of the two dead strangers, the truth Beth finds will lead her headlong into her darkest, deadliest and most dangerous nightmares...PRAISE FOR THE LIST:'Compelling, unsettling and utterly addictive, The List got deep under my skin as I read it in a single sitting' M W CRAVEN, author of The Puppet Show'A sharp psychological thriller. A captivating premise and an engrossing read with twists and turns that will keep you hooked to the very last page' ADAM HAMDY, author of Black 13'A terrifying story of guilt and remorse. A chilling reminder that the past doesn't always stay there no matter what stories we tell ourselves or others! The truth sits in the shadows and will always come to light' ALEX HART, author of Take Me Home
The List: ‘A terrifyingly twisted and devious story' that will take your breath away
by Carys JonesFive names on a list. The first two are dead.The third is yours.A rip-roaring, addictive, intense and emotional thriller for fans of Lucy Foley, Ruth Ware, Phoebe Morgan, CL Taylor and Lisa Jewell...* * * * * * *Beth Belmont runs every day, hard and fast on the trail near home. She knows every turn, every bump in the road. So when she spots something out of place - a slip of white paper at the base of a tree - she's drawn to it.On the paper are five names. The third is her own.Beth can't shake off the unease the list brings. Why is she on it? And what ties her to the other four strangers?Then she discovers that the first two are dead.Is she next?Delving into the past of the two dead strangers, the truth Beth finds will lead her headlong into her darkest, deadliest and most dangerous nightmares...PRAISE FOR THE LIST:'Compelling, unsettling and utterly addictive, The List got deep under my skin as I read it in a single sitting' M W CRAVEN, author of The Puppet Show'A sharp psychological thriller. A captivating premise and an engrossing read with twists and turns that will keep you hooked to the very last page' ADAM HAMDY, author of Black 13'A terrifying story of guilt and remorse. A chilling reminder that the past doesn't always stay there no matter what stories we tell ourselves or others! The truth sits in the shadows and will always come to light' ALEX HART, author of Take Me Home
The Listening Advantage: Outcomes and Applications
by Judi BrownellThis outcome-based text offers principles and skill-building experiences for the critical competence of listening. It serves as an adaptable supplement for courses in communication and professional studies. It draws from the author’s HURIER model, which identifies six interrelated components of listening—hearing, understanding, remembering, interpreting, evaluating, and responding—and considers the skills required to achieve the specific outcomes related to each. Varied classroom activities, including discussion questions, group processes, and other instructional strategies, facilitate skill-building and the achievement of each Listening Outcome. The final section of the text identifies those outcomes that are particularly relevant to specific career applications and provides cases to facilitate discussion and illustrate listening challenges in each field. The outcome-based, modular format allows instructors maximum flexibility in adapting instructional materials to meet the needs of specific courses and time frames. The Listening Advantage is an invaluable supplement for courses in communication studies and professional fields including education, healthcare, helping professions, law, management, and service.
Listening Well: Bringing Stories of Hope to Life
by Heather MorrisFrom New York Times bestselling author Heather Morris comes the memoir of a life of listening to others.In Listening Well, Heather will explore her extraordinary talents as a listener—a skill she employed when she first met Lale Sokolov, the tattooist at Auschwitz-Birkenau and the inspiration for her bestselling novel. It was this ability that led Lale to entrust Heather with his story, which she told in her novel The Tattooist of Auschwitz and the bestselling follow up, Cilka's Journey.Now Heather shares the story behind her inspirational writing journey and the defining experiences of her life, including her profound friendship with Lale, and explores how she learned to really listen to the stories people told her—skills she believes we can all learn."Stories are what connect us and remind us that hope is always possible."—Heather Morris
Lit Stitch: 25 Cross-Stitch Patterns for Book Lovers
by Book Riot“Savvily combines literary themes and cross-stitch designs in [a] visually appealing collection of projects . . . delightful.” —Publishers Weekly Inside Book Riot’s Lit Stitch, you’ll find a number of badass, bookish cross-stitch patterns to let you show off your love of all things literary. Some are for bookmarks, others are for wall decor, and still others can take on a whole host of finished outcomes. What they have in common is their literary bent—the patterns speak to all manner of literary-minded book lovers, who are happy to display their nerdier sides. And what better way than through your own cross-stitch art to hang on your wall, prop on your desk, or even gift to friends and family? Most if not all are beginner-friendly and can be completed in a few hours—instant stitchification! So grab yourself some excellent embroidery floss, hoops, and needles, and pick out one or more of these great cross-stitch patterns for your next project.
Literacies: A Critical Sourcebook
by Ellen Cushman Christina Haas Mike RoseThis new collection of both landmark and current essays provides a comprehensive overview of the major themes and questions that shape literacy studies today. Literacy: A Critical Sourcebook is an indispensable reference tool for anyone interested in the field of liter
Literacy and Deaf Education: Toward a Global Understanding
by Qiuying Wang Jean AndrewsInternational perspectives about literacy and deaf students is an uncharted intellectual landscape. Much of the literacy research in deaf education is conducted in English-speaking countries—primarily the United States—but 90% of deaf children live outside the U.S. and learn various signed and spoken languages, as well as diverse writing systems. Many of these children face significant educational challenges. In order to improve the literacy outcomes of deaf students around the world, it is imperative to study how children are using their local signed and spoken languages along with Deaf culture to learn to read and write. This volume fills a void in the field by providing a global view of recent theoretical and applied research on literacy education for deaf learners. Literacy and Deaf Education: Toward a Global Understanding is organized by region and country, with the first part discussing writing systems that use alphabetic scripts, and the second part focusing on countries that use non-alphabetic scripts. Some examples of the wide spectrum of topics covered include communication methodologies, curriculum, bilingual education, reading interventions, script diversity, and sociocultural development, including Deaf cultural developments. The contributors provide the results from literacy projects in fifteen countries and regions. This volume aims to widen the knowledge base, familiarize others in the field with these initiatives, and improve global understandings and outcomes of literacy teaching and learning in deaf education from birth to high school. Signed chapter summaries are available on the Gallaudet University Press YouTube channel.
Literacy in the Early Grades: A Successful Start For PreK-4 Readers and Writers
by Gail Tompkins Emily RodgersA practical and balanced approach to helping young students become fluent readers and writers Literacy in the Early Grades: A Successful Start for PreK-4 Readers and Writers presents a balanced approach to literacy instruction that will help all young students make a successful start in reading and writing. <p><p>Effective teachers know their students’ individual needs, and use their understanding of literacy development to guide their teaching. The 5th Edition provides the background knowledge, modeling, and practical resources – including authentic classroom vignettes, student work samples, minilessons, assessment tools, and a Compendium of Instructional Procedures – that will ensure you are well prepared to meet grade-level standards and lead young students to become fluent readers and writers.
Literacy Workshop: Where Reading and Writing Converge
by Maria Walther Karen Biggs-TuckerThe Literacy Workshop: Where Reading and Writing Converge is a first-of-its-kind resource that offers a practical process for creating an integrated literacy workshop using demonstration lessons that align with current curriculum standards. In this forward-thinking book, authors Maria Walther and Karen Biggs-Tucker share what they've learned over countless reading and writing workshops and combine into one literacy workshop. The authors demonstrate how you can save valuable classroom time while still empowering students to uncover exciting connections in their learning – leading to stronger, more motivational readers and writers. By weaving the common threads of literacy learning together, you can increase the time your students spend engaged in authentic reading and writing. Inside you'll find the following: A clear, succinct explanation of the literacy workshop structure, how to get started, and how to determine the best time to begin the merge; 50+ demonstration lesson plans, appropriate for both primary and intermediate grade levels, that use strategies incorporating elements from recommended fiction and nonfiction anchor texts; Substantial, printable resources and online tools to help make this instructional shift as smooth as possible. From the big picture to small, helpful details, The Literacy Workshop will be your guide as you blur the lines between your reading and writing workshops - creating space for students to apply their learning and practice the habits, behaviors, and actions of literate and engaged citizens.
Literary Bioethics: Animality, Disability, and the Human (Crip #3)
by Maren Tova LinettUses literature to understand and remake our ethics regarding nonhuman animals, old human beings, disabled human beings, and cloned posthumansLiterary Bioethics argues for literature as an untapped and essential site for the exploration of bioethics. Novels, Maren Tova Linett argues, present vividly imagined worlds in which certain values hold sway, casting new light onto those values; and the more plausible and well rendered readers find these imagined worlds, the more thoroughly we can evaluate the justice of those values. In an innovative set of readings, Linett thinks through the ethics of animal experimentation in H.G. Wells’s The Island of Doctor Moreau, explores the elimination of aging in Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World, considers the valuation of disabled lives in Flannery O’Connor’s The Violent Bear It Away, and questions the principles of humane farming through reading Kazuo Ishiguro’s Never Let Me Go. By analyzing novels published at widely spaced intervals over the span of a century, Linett offers snapshots of how we confront questions of value. In some cases the fictions are swayed by dominant devaluations of nonnormative or nonhuman lives, while in other cases they confirm the value of such lives by resisting instrumental views of their worth—views that influence, explicitly or implicitly, many contemporary bioethical discussions, especially about the value of disabled and nonhuman lives. Literary Bioethics grapples with the most fundamental questions of how we value different kinds of lives, and questions what those in power ought to be permitted to do with those lives as we gain unprecedented levels of technological prowess.
Literary Criticism, Culture and the Subject of 'English': F.R. Leavis and T.S. Eliot (Routledge Studies in Twentieth-Century Literature)
by Dandan ZhangThis volume considers the highly convoluted relationship between F. R. Leavis and T. S. Eliot, comparing their ideas in literary and cultural criticism, and connecting it to the broader discourse of English Studies as a university subject that developed in the first half of the twentieth century. Comparing and contrasting all the many writings of Leavis on Eliot, and the two on Lawrence, the study examines how Eliot is formative for the theory and practice of Leavis’s literary criticism in both positive and negative ways, and investigates Lawrence’s significance in relation to Leavis’s changing attitude to Eliot. It also examines how profound differences in social, cultural, religious and national thinking strengthened Leavis’s alliance with Lawrence to the detriment of his relationship with Eliot. These differences between the two writers are presented as dichotomies between nationalism and Europeanism/internationalism, ruralism/organicism and industrialism/metropolitanism, and relate to the two men’s views on literary education, the subject of ‘English’ and the position of the Classics in the curriculum. It explores how Leavis’s increasingly conflicted feelings about a figure to whom he owned an enormous critical debt and inspiration, but whose various beliefs and literary affiliations caused him much misgiving, result in a deep sense of division in Leavis himself which he sought to transfer onto Eliot as what he called a pathological ‘case’.
Literary Cultures and Twentieth-Century Childhoods (Literary Cultures and Childhoods)
by Rachel Conrad L. Brown KennedyThis collection of essays offers innovative methodological and disciplinary approaches to the intersection of Anglophone literary cultures with children and childhoods across the twentieth century. In two acts of re-centering, the volume focuses both on the multiplicity of childhoods and literary cultures and on child agency. Looking at classic texts for young audiences and at less widely-read and unpublished material (across genres including poetry, fiction, historical fiction or biography, picturebooks, and children’s television), essays foreground the representation of child voices and subjectivities within texts, explore challenges to received notions of childhood, and emphasize the role of child-oriented texts in larger cultural and political projects. Chapters frame themes of spectacle, self, and specularity across the twentieth-century; question tropes of childhood; explore identity and displacement in narrating history and culture; and elevate children as makers of literary culture. A major intent of the volume is to approach literary culture not just as produced by adults for consumption by children but also as co-created by young people through their actions as speakers, artists, readers, and writers.