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Syphilis in Victorian Literature and Culture: Medicine, Knowledge and the Spectacle of Victorian Invisibility (Palgrave Studies in Literature, Science and Medicine)
by Monika Pietrzak-FrangerThis book addresses the evident but unexplored intertwining of visibility and invisibility in the discourses around syphilis. A rethinking of the disease with reference to its ambiguous status, and the ways of seeing that it generated, helps reconsider the network of socio-cultural and political interrelations which were negotiated through syphilis, thereby also raising larger questions about its function in the construction of individual, national and imperial identities. This book is the first large-scale interdisciplinary study of syphilis in late Victorian Britain whose significance lies in its unprecedented attention to the multimedia and multi-discursive evocations of syphilis. An examination of the heterogeneous sources that it offers, many of which have up to this point escaped critical attention, makes it possible to reveal the complex and poly-ideological reasons for the activation of syphilis imagery and its symbolic function in late Victorian culture.
Language Attrition
by Monika S. Schmid'Language attrition' describes the loss of, or changes to, grammatical and other features of a language as a result of declining use by speakers who have changed their linguistic environment and language habits. In such a situation there may, for example, be simplification in the tense system or in certain properties of subordinate clauses; some vocabulary items might fall into disuse and phonetic features may be restructured. These changes can be affected by features of the speaker's environment, but also by his or her attitudes and processes of identification. This book provides a detailed and up-to-date introduction to the way in which language attrition can affect language, as well as to the extra- and sociolinguistic features involved. It also familiarizes the reader with experimental approaches to attrition and data analysis techniques and provides hands-on guidelines on how to apply them.
Women and the Puranic Tradition in India
by Monika SaxenaThis book analyses the diverse ways in which women have been represented in the Purāṇic traditions in ancient India – the virtuous wife, mother, daughter, widow, and prostitute – against the socio-religious milieu around CE 300–1000. Purāṇas (lit. ancient narratives) are brahmanical texts that largely fall under the category of socio-religious literature which were more broad-based and inclusive, unlike the Smṛtis, which were accessible mainly to the upper sections of society. In locating, identifying, and commenting on the multiplicity of the images and depictions of women’s roles in Purāṇic traditions, the author highlights their lives and experiences over time, both within and outside the traditional confines of the domestic sphere. With a focus on five Mahāpurāṇas that deal extensively with the social matrix Viṣṇu, Mārkaṇḍeya Matsya, Agni, and Bhāgavata Purāṇas, the book explores the question of gender and agency in early India and shows how such identities were recast, invented, shaped, constructed, replicated, stereotyped, and sometimes reversed through narratives. Further, it traces social consequences and contemporary relevance of such representations in marriage, adultery, ritual, devotion, worship, fasts, and pilgrimage. This volume will be of interest to researchers and scholars in women and gender studies, ancient Indian history, religion, sociology, literature, and South Asian studies, as also the informed general reader.
Oral History and the Holocaust in Slovakia: Selective and Contradictory Memories (The Holocaust and its Contexts)
by Monika VrzgulováNearly thirty years ago, Monika Vrzgulová took part in the very first oral history research project aimed at Holocaust survivors in Slovakia. That project transformed her professional as well as her personal life. The Holocaust as a scholarly subject and the oral history method have stayed with her to this day. This book summarizes her findings and the experience she has acquired researching Holocaust memory, combining memory studies, oral history, autoethnography, and reflexive writing methods. It presents data from two international research projects which took part in Slovakia too and are available to experts and the public online. The insights gained from this research are contextualised with the social situation in a country that is trying to come to terms with its past after the fall of Communism.
Ariel's Ecology: Plantations, Personhood, and Colonialism in the American Tropics
by Monique AllewaertWhat happens if we abandon the assumption that a person is a discrete, world-making agent who acts on and creates place? This, Monique Allewaert contends, is precisely what occurred on eighteenth-century American plantations, where labor practices and ecological particularities threatened the literal and conceptual boundaries that separated persons from the natural world.Integrating political philosophy and ecocriticism with literary analysis, Ariel&’s Ecology explores the forms of personhood that developed out of New World plantations, from Georgia and Florida through Jamaica to Haiti and extending into colonial metropoles such as Philadelphia. Allewaert&’s examination of the writings of naturalists, novelists, and poets; the oral stories of Africans in the diaspora; and Afro-American fetish artifacts shows that persons in American plantation spaces were pulled into a web of environmental stresses, ranging from humidity to the demand for sugar. This in turn gave rise to modes of personhood explicitly attuned to human beings&’ interrelation with nonhuman forces in a process we might call ecological.Certainly the possibility that colonial life revokes human agency haunts works from Shakespeare&’s Tempest and Montesquieu&’s Spirit of the Laws to Spivak&’s theories of subalternity. In Allewaert&’s interpretation, the transformation of colonial subjectivity into ecological personhood is not a nightmare; it is, rather, a mode of existence until now only glimmering in Che Guevara&’s dictum that postcolonial resistance is synonymous with &“perfect knowledge of the ground.&”
Homeless Tongues: Poetry and Languages of the Sephardic Diaspora
by Monique BalbuenaThis book examines a group of multicultural Jewish poets to address the issue of multilingualism within a context of minor languages and literatures, nationalism, and diaspora. It introduces three writers working in minor or threatened languages who challenge the usual consensus of Jewish literature: Algerian Sadia Lévy, Israeli Margalit Matitiahu, and Argentine Juan Gelman. Each of them--Lévy in French and Hebrew, Matitiahu in Hebrew and Ladino, and Gelman in Spanish and Ladino--expresses a hybrid or composite Sephardic identity through a strategic choice of competing languages and intertexts. Monique R. Balbuena's close literary readings of their works, which are mostly unknown in the United States, are strongly grounded in their social and historical context. Her focus on contemporary rather than classic Ladino poetry and her argument for the inclusion of Sephardic production in the canon of Jewish literature make Homeless Tongues a timely and unusual intervention.
Case, Word Order and Prominence: Interacting Cues in Language Production and Comprehension (Studies in Theoretical Psycholinguistics #40)
by Monique Lamers Peter De SwartLanguage users have access to several sources of information during the build up of a meaningful construction. These include grammatical rules, situational knowledge, and general world knowledge. A central role in this process is played by the argument structure of verbs, which establishes the syntactic and semantic relationships between arguments. This book provides an overview of recent psycholinguistic and theoretical investigations on the interplay between structural syntactic relations and role semantics. The focus herein lies on the interaction of case marking and word order with semantic prominence features, such as animacy and definiteness. The interaction of these different sorts of information is addressed from theoretical, time-insensitive, and incremental perspectives, or a combination of these. Taking a broad cross-linguistic perspective, this book bridges the gap between theoretical and psycholinguistic approaches to argument structure.
California Dreams and American Contradictions: Women Writers and the Western Ideal
by Monique McDadeCalifornia Dreams and American Contradictions establishes a genealogy of western American women writers publishing between 1870 and 1965 to argue that both white women and women of color regionalized dominant national literary trends to negotiate the contradictions between an American liberal individualism and American equality. Monique McDade analyzes works by María Amparo Ruiz de Burton, Helen Hunt Jackson, Sui Sin Far, and a previously unstudied African American writer, Eva Rutland, to trace an archive of western American women writers who made visible what dominant genres subsumed under images of American progress and westward expansion. Read together these writers provide new entry points into the political debates that have plagued the United States since the nation&’s founding and that set the precedent for westward expansion. Their romances, regional sketches, memoirs, and journalism point to the inherently antagonistic relationship between a Rooseveltian rugged individualism that encouraged an Anglo male–dominated West and the progressive equality and opportunity the West seemingly promised disenfranchised citizens. The writers included in California Dreams and American Contradictions challenged literature&’s role in creating regional division, conformist communities that support nationally sponsored images of gendered, ethnic, and immigrant others, and liberal histories validated through a strategic vocabulary rooted in &“freedom,&” &“equality,&” and &“progress.&”
Arts of Address: Being Alive to Language and the World (Columbia Themes in Philosophy, Social Criticism, and the Arts)
by Monique RoelofsModes of address are forms of signification that we direct at living beings, things, and places, and they at us and at each other. Seeing is a form of address. So are speaking, singing, and painting. Initiating or responding to such calls, we participate in encounters with the world. Widely used yet less often examined in its own right, the notion of address cries out for analysis.Monique Roelofs offers a pathbreaking systematic model of the field of address and puts it to work in the arts, critical theory, and social life. She shows how address props up finely hewn modalities of relationality, agency, and normativity. Address exceeds a one-on-one pairing of cultural productions with their audiences. As ardently energizing tiny slippages and snippets as fueling larger impulses in the society, it activates and reaestheticizes registers of race, gender, class, coloniality, and cosmopolitanism. In readings of writers and artists ranging from Julio Cortázar to Jamaica Kincaid and from Martha Rosler to Pope.L, Roelofs demonstrates the centrality of address to freedom and a critical political aesthetics. Under the banner of a unified concept of address, Hume, Kant, and Foucault strike up conversations with Benjamin, Barthes, Althusser, Fanon, Anzaldúa, and Butler. Drawing on a wide array of artistic and theoretical sources and challenging disciplinary boundaries, the book illuminates address’s significance to cultural existence and to our reflexive aesthetic engagement in it. Keeping the reader on the lookout for flash fiction that pops up out of nowhere and for insurgent whisperings that take to the air, Arts of Address explores the aliveness of being alive.
Depression Glass: Documentary Photography and the Medium of the Camera-Eye in Charles Reznikoff, George Oppen, and William Carlos Williams (Literary Criticism and Cultural Theory)
by Monique VesciaFirst Published in 2006. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Parental Control of Television Broadcasting (Routledge Communication Series)
by Monroe E. Price Stefaan VerhulstThis project, originally developed for the European Community, examines parental roles in controlling television programs watched by children in Europe. The structure of the study includes: *an analysis of the technical devices available to assist in parental control of television broadcasting services, including descriptions of devices, their cost, availability, and the infrastructure needed to introduce them; *a corresponding analysis of potential ratings or labeling systems to work in conjunction with or in the place of technical devices, enabling a comparative analysis of rating systems used in film, video, and online services; and *an overview and assessment of the educational and awareness measures in the field of protection of minors and harmful content, providing the data for the review of available considerations in this field of viewer literacy. In addition to these main strands of analysis, the study provides for background information and analysis in the following areas: *an overview of the main media theories focusing on the effect and impact of specific types of content on children and their behavior; *an assessment of the economic impact and social efficacy of different protective measures; and *a comparison of the regulatory contexts and rating systems for film, video, television, and online services concerning the protection of minors from harmful content. This volume is intended for scholars and students in comparative media studies, media policy, and regulation.
The V-chip Debate: Content Filtering From Television To the Internet (Routledge Communication Series)
by Monroe E. PriceThe V-chip is a highly significant part of the discussion about whether television (or broadcasting in general) deserves some special attention in terms of its accessibility to children, its particular power to affect conduct, and its invasiveness. But as this notion of filtering and labeling has caught the imagination of the regulator, the legislator, and all those who wish to consider new ways to alter bargaining over imagery in society, the very idea of the V-chip or its equivalent is moving across other technologies, including the Internet. The V-chip issue has also fueled the ongoing debate about violence and sexual practices in society, and how representations on television relate to those practices. Although the initial concept of the V-chip is simple, its flow into the public realm raises so many extraordinary questions that the introduction and production of the chip virtually serves as a case study in problems of law and public policy. The very conceptualization of speech in society is being affected by this issue. Accordingly, the place of the V-chip in this debate is increasingly important; indeed, it may be argued that the V-chip's contribution to legal argumentation may be greater than its ultimate contribution to the relationship between children and imagery. Among the questions the contributors address are: *What research basis is necessary to require a framework for labeling and rating? *What relationship between government and the image-producing industries can be characterized--for constitutional and other reasons--as voluntary as opposed to coercive? *Who should evaluate these images? *To what extent should the evaluation process be centralized and/or distributed? *What assessment is appropriate to evaluate whether the experiment is "successful?" In addition to the V-chip's origin's in Canada and its further evolution in the United States, this book discusses the development of the V-chip and television rating systems in Europe, Australia, and throughout the world. It also includes essays which contrast the very different approaches in Canada and the United States in terms of the role of regulatory agency, industry, and government.
Persian Letters
by MontesquieuThis richly evocative novel-in-letters tells the story of two Persian noblemen who have left their country - the modern Iran - to journey to Europe in search of wisdom. As they travel, they write home to wives and eunuchs in the harem and to friends in France and elsewhere. Their colourful observations on the culture differences between West and East culture conjure up Eastern sensuality, repression and cruelty in contrast to the freer, more civilized West - but here also unworthy nobles and bishops, frivolous women of fashion and conceited people of all kinds are satirized. Storytellers as well as letter-writers, Montesquieu's Usbek and Rica are disrespectful and witty, but also serious moralists. Persian Letters was a succès de scandale in Paris society, and encapsulates the libertarian, critical spirit of the early eighteenth century.
Langston Hughes: Young Black Poet (Childhood of Famous Americans Series)
by Montrew DunhamFocuses on the early years of the well-known poet, Langston Hughes, whose writings reflect the everyday experiences of African Americans.
The Acquisition of Heritage Languages
by Montrul SilvinaHeritage speakers are native speakers of a minority language they learn at home, but due to socio-political pressure from the majority language spoken in their community, their heritage language does not fully develop. In the last decade, the acquisition of heritage languages has become a central focus of study within linguistics and applied linguistics. This work centres on the grammatical development of the heritage language and the language learning trajectory of heritage speakers, synthesizing recent experimental research. The Acquisition of Heritage Languages offers a global perspective, with a wealth of examples from heritage languages around the world. Written in an accessible style, this authoritative and up-to-date text is essential reading for professionals, students, and researchers of all levels working in the fields of sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, education, language policies and language teaching.
Book Markets in Mediterranean Europe and Latin America: Institutions and Strategies (15th-18th Centuries) (New Directions in Book History)
by Montserrat Cachero Natalia Maillard-ÁlvarezThis book depicts the Early Modern book markets in Europe and colonial Latin America. The nature of book production and distribution in this period resulted in the development of a truly international market. The integration of the book market was facilitated by networks of printers and booksellers, who were responsible for the connection of distant places, as well as local producers and merchants. At the same time, due to the particular nature of books, political and religious institutions intervened in book markets. Printers and booksellers lived in a politically fragmented world where religious boundaries often shifted. This book explores both the development of commercial networks as well as how the changing institutional settings shaped relationships in the book market.
The Rise of Catalan Identity: Social Commitment and Political Engagement in the Twentieth Century
by Pompeu Casanovas Montserrat Corretger Vicent SalvadorThis volume helps us to understand that the current political disorders in Catalonia have deep cultural roots. It focuses on the rise of Catalan cultural, national and linguistic identity in the 20th century. What is happening in Catalonia? What lies behind its political conflicts? Catalan identity has been evolving for centuries, starting in early medieval ages (11th and 12lve centuries). It is not a modern phenomenon. The emergence of imperial Spain in the 16 c. and the French Ancien Régime in the 17 c. correlates with a decline of Catalan culture, which was politically absorbed by the Spanish state after the conquest of Barcelona in 1714. However, Catalan language and culture flourished again under the stimulus of the European Romantic Nationalism movement (known as the Renaixença in Catalonia). During the first Dictatorship (Primo de Rivera, 1923-1930), the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), and the long Francoist era (1939-1975), Catalan language and culture were repressed, yet refurbished and reconstructed at the same time. This rise of a plural, complex, and non-homogeneous Catalan identity constitutes the subject matter of this volume. National conflicts that emerged later in the Spanish democratic state leant heavily on the life engagement and vital commitment experienced by the entrenched intellectual movements of the twentieth century in Catalonia, Valencian Country and the Balearic Islands. This book reveals the cultural and literary grassroots of these conflicts.
Algo mejores: Artículos (1966-1983)
by Montserrat RoigLa voz testimonial de Montserrat Roig en un libro sin precedentes «Estos textos son tan increíblemente buenos que te pasmará que Montserrat Roig no sea hoy uno de los grandes nombres de la literatura peninsular. Ya va siendo hora de sacarla del purgatorio del olvido.»ROSA MONTERO «Una mujer irrepetible. Siento mucho que no la hayáis conocido. Pero la podéis leer.»MARUJA TORRES «La Historia no la cambiamos, es cierto, pero nosotros nos volvimos algo mejores.» Montserrat Roig formó parte de una generación de mujeres escritoras y periodistas fundamentales que sacudieron la dictadura de las costumbres y reivindicaron a la mujer libre. Ciudadana de su tiempo y poseedora de una curiosidad ilimitada, Roig, que con el tiempo fue interesadamente olvidada, fue una cronista lúcida e implacable de la historia reciente de España, y sus escritos son hoy un ejercicio de pensamiento deslumbrante. Coincidiendo con la conmemoración del que habría sido el 75 aniversario de su nacimiento, Algo mejores recupera a una de las autoras más populares no solo en el ámbito de la literatura catalana, sino también en el de la española, para que su voz vuelva a irrumpir con fuerza en nuestro presente. «En este volumen se concentran artículos de Montserrat Roig nunca antes recogidos en un libro que explican su trayectoria intelectual, sus viajes, su curiosidad, su tiempo, su trabajo. Artículos cargados de información autobiográfica que narran una vida de lucha limpia y franca oposición a los abusos de los sistemas. Feminismo, antifascismo, antiimperialismo articulados por un amor de base, sagrado y de trinchera, vértebra del pensamiento culpable de todo lo demás, la literatura.»Del prólogo de Betsabé García La crítica ha dicho... «Estos textos son tan increíblemente buenos que te pasmará que Montserrat Roig no sea hoy uno de los grandes nombres de la literatura peninsular. Ya va siendo hora de sacarla del purgatorio del olvido.» Rosa Montero «Una mujer irrepetible. Siento mucho que no la hayáis conocido. Pero la podéis leer.» Maruja Torres «Montserrat Roig, viajera, culta, feminista. [...] Montserrat Roig, luz en la noche, maestra de periodistas y escritora que nos abandonó cuando lo mejor de su producción estaba por venir. [...] Pero ahora que la prensa no experimenta una era de cambios, sino un cambio de era, está más viva que nunca. Y su ejemplo es todavía más inspirador.»Domingo Marchena, La Vanguardia «La primera escritora total de la literatura catalana.»Marta Pesarrondona
The Rip Current Rescue
by Monty Ward Tony SanseveroThe final installment of the Reading Street curriculum series, Reading Street: Grade 6, comes complete with everything you'll need to create English and Language Arts lessons for your child. This system includes reading selections designed to help your child hone his or her skills, a Teacher Resource DVD to make your task of developing lessons easier, and a packet of curriculum materials. Reading Street: Grade 6 is a comprehensive system designed to enhance your child's skills in reading, writing and language. Each assignment in Reading Street helps your child progress toward that goal. While such a dynamic curriculum might sound challenging for you as a parent and educator to use, you can rest assured that the materials will guide you through 12 weeks of English and Language Arts lesson planning with ease. If you prefer a structured homeschooling program format, Reading Street (in all of its Grade level structures) is the right fit for you and your child. Grade 6 comes with two volumes of six units. By the time you complete Grade 6, your child will be able to: Read through a variety of complex literature, including biographies and fictional stories. Discover additional reading material based on personal taste. Relate individual chapters or concepts to the book as a whole. Write complete stories using proper grammar, punctuation and word choice. Compose a written argument using appropriate sources. Examine and edit his or her own writing, as well as the writing of others. Present an oral presentation based on the lessons. Unlike other curricula, Reading Street imparts a love of reading upon your child. From Grade 1 through Grade 6, your child will learn not only the skills he or she needs to advance his or her education, but become a lifelong student and reader. For more information about the specific materials included in the Reading Street: Grade 6 curriculum for homeschooling, visit the Features and Benefits page.
Tom Murphy’s Theatre of Everyday Space (Routledge Studies in Irish Literature)
by Moonyoung HongBy the time of his death in 2018, Tom Murphy was widely recognised as one of Ireland’s most important modern playwrights. Ireland’s experience of rapid modernisation, emigration, and globalisation is vividly captured in his plays, challenging generic notions of space, place, and the nation. In particular, his drama reconfigures Irish theatre’s uneasy relationship with globalisation, with the peasant kitchen, the pub, and the bog having traditionally been exported as the quintessential Irish spaces. Focusing on one of Murphy’s central innovations—his experimentation with theatre and everyday space—the book considers the significance of Murphy’s work in modern drama more broadly. The idea of “home” has preoccupied modern playwrights since the naturalist dramas of Henrik Ibsen and Anton Chekhov, leading theatre scholars to focus on the everyday space of the home to the exclusion of other everyday spaces. Murphy’s works, by contrast, offer a new politics of the “alterior,” engaging with a diverse range of other spaces such as dancehalls, grocery shops, pubs, hotels, offices, churches, gasworks, and airports. His drama presents a “global sense of the local,” an emotional map of the shifting geographies of everyday life. By applying new theoretical perspectives and showcasing new archival materials inaccessible to previous scholars, the book revisits Murphy as an international playwright— a cartographer of our modern-day “global village.”
The Cambridge Companion to the Modernist Novel
by Morag ShiachThe novel is modernism's most vital and experimental genre. In this 2007 Companion leading critics explore the very significant pleasures of reading modernist novels, but also demonstrate how and why reading modernist fiction can be difficult. No one technique or style defines a novel as modernist. Instead, these essays explain the formal innovations, stylistic preferences and thematic concerns which unite modernist fiction. They also show how modernist novels relate to other forms of art, and to the social and cultural context from which they emerged. Alongside chapters on prominent novelists such as James Joyce and Virginia Woolf, as well as lesser-known authors such as Dorothy Richardson and Djuna Barnes, themes such as genre and geography, time and consciousness are discussed in detail. With a chronology and guide to further reading, this is the most accessible and informative overview of the genre available.
Reading Development and Teaching (Discoveries & Explanations in Child Development)
by Morag Stuart Rhona StainthorpThis textbook will prove invaluable to teacher educators, teachers, educational psychologists, and any professional who is involved with teaching children to read. It provides a detailed examination of the processes that are involved in achieving fluent word reading skills and ability to comprehend written texts. Understanding these processes and their development empowers teachers to select appropriate, evidence-based teaching strategies and thus teach children more effectively. The book is in four parts: Part 1 provides the reader with a Tutorial Review covering essential knowledge about language, and presenting the two dimensions of the Simple View of Reading. Part 2 concentrates on the word reading dimension, with chapters on processes in skilled word reading, the development of these processes, and practical advice on research validated teaching methods to develop children’s word reading skills. Part 3 turns to the language comprehension dimension, with chapters on the comprehension of oral and written language, and on teaching reading comprehension. Part 4 introduces the reader to assessment practices and methods of identifying children with difficulties in either or both dimensions of the Simple View, and considers children with word reading difficulties and children with specific comprehension difficulties, describing effective evidence-based interventions for each type of difficulty.
Promoting the War Effort: Robert Horton and Federal Propaganda, 1938-1946 (Media and Public Affairs)
by Mordecai LeeThough historians have largely overlooked Robert Horton, his public relations campaigns remain fixed in popular memory of the home front during World War II. Utilizing all media -- including the nascent technology of television -- to rally civilian support, Horton's work ranged from educational documentary shorts like Pots to Planes, which depicted the transformation of aluminum household items into aircraft, to posters employing scare tactics, such as a German soldier with large eyes staring forward with the tagline "He's Watching You." Iconic and calculated, Horton's campaigns raise important questions about the role of public relations in government agencies. When are promotional campaigns acceptable? Does war necessitate persuasive communication? What separates information from propaganda? Promoting the War Effort traces the career of Horton -- the first book-length study to do so -- and delves into the controversies surrounding federal public relations.A former reporter, Horton headed the public relations department for the U.S. Maritime Commission from 1938 to 1940. Then -- until Pearl Harbor in December 1941 -- he directed the Division of Information (DOI) in the Executive Office of the President, where he played key roles in promoting the New Deal, President Franklin D. Roosevelt's unprecedented third-term reelection campaign, and the prewar arms-production effort. After Pearl Harbor, Horton's DOI encouraged support for the war, primarily focusing on raising civilian and workforce morale. But the DOI under Horton assumed a different wartime tone than its World War I predecessor, the Committee on Public Information. Rather than whipping up prowar hysteria, Horton focused on developing campaigns for more practical purposes, such as conservation and production. In mid-1942, Roosevelt merged the Division and several other agencies into the Office of War Information. Horton stayed in government, working as the PR director for several agencies. He retired in mid-1946, during the postwar demobilization.Promoting the War Effort recovers this influential figure in American politics and contributes to the ongoing public debate about government public relations during a time when questions about how facts are disseminated -- and spun -- are of greater relevance than ever before.
CliffsNotes on Emily Dickinson's Poems
by Mordecai MarcusEnormously popular since the early piecemeal publication of her poems, Emily Dickinson has enjoyed an everincreasing critical reputation, and she is now widely regarded as one of America's best poets. These Notes focus on clarification of some eighty-five of her poems, chosen and emphasized largely according to the frequency of their appearance in eight standard anthologies, where the average number of her poems is fifty. These poems also seem to offer an excellent representation of her themes and power. In a final section to these Notes, additional poems are commented on briefly.