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Music, Mathematics and Language: The New Horizon of Computational Musicology Opened by Information Science
by Keiji Hirata Satoshi Tojo Masatoshi HamanakaThis book presents a new approach to computational musicology in which music becomes a computational entity based on human cognition, allowing us to calculate music like numbers. Does music have semantics? Can the meaning of music be revealed using symbols and described using language? The authors seek to answer these questions in order to reveal the essence of music. Chapter 1 addresses a very fundamental point, the meaning of music, while referring to semiotics, gestalt, Schenkerian analysis and cognitive reality. Chapter 2 considers why the 12-tone equal temperament came to be prevalent. This chapter serves as an introduction to the mathematical definition of harmony, which concerns the ratios of frequency in tonic waves. Chapter 3, “Music and Language,” explains the fundamentals of grammar theory and the compositionality principle, which states that the semantics of a sentence can be composed in parallel to its syntactic structure. In turn, Chapter 4 explains the most prevalent score notation – the Berklee method, which originated at the Berklee School of Music in Boston – from a different point of view, namely, symbolic computation based on music theory. Chapters 5 and 6 introduce readers to two important theories, the implication-realization model and generative theory of tonal music (GTTM), and explain the essence of these theories, also from a computational standpoint. The authors seek to reinterpret these theories, aiming at their formalization and implementation on a computer. Chapter 7 presents the outcomes of this attempt, describing the framework that the authors have developed, in which music is formalized and becomes computable. Chapters 8 and 9 are devoted to GTTM analyzers and the applications of GTTM. Lastly, Chapter 10 discusses the future of music in connection with computation and artificial intelligence.This book is intended both for general readers who are interested in music, and scientists whose research focuses on music information processing. In order to make the content as accessible as possible, each chapter is self-contained.
Language Studies in India: Cognition, Structure, Variation
by Rajesh Kumar Om PrakashThis book addresses a wide range of aspects of the study of language in a variety of domains such as cognition, change, acquisition, structure, philosophy, politics, and education. It offers a renewed discussion on normative understanding of these concepts and opens up avenues for a fresh look at these concepts. Each contribution in this book captures a wide range of perspectives and underlines the vigorous role of language, which happens to be central to the arguments contained therein. The uniqueness of this book lies in the fact that it presents simplified perspective on various complex aspects of language. It addresses a wide range of audiences, who do not necessarily need to have a technical background in linguistics. It focuses on complex relations between language and cognition, politics, education to name a few with reference to cognition, change, and acquisition. This book is for researchers with an interest in the field of language studies, applied linguistics, and socio-linguistics.
Language Learning Motivation and L2 Pragmatic Competence
by He YangThis book provides comprehensive investigation of the effect of motivation on L2 learners’ pragmatic learning, which has been discussed for a long time but remains under-explored. This study examines whether and to what extent learners’ levels of motivation influence their pragmatic awareness, comprehension and production in an EFL context. It presents an original study that not only enriches our knowledge of the feasibility of modern technology in collecting large-scale data related to pragmatic competence but also eminently connects L2 pragmatics more closely with mainstream second language acquisition research by focusing on the role of motivation in pragmatic learning. This book will be of great value to researchers and postgraduates interested in second language acquisition, especially those who work on L2 pragmatics and individual variation among learners.
Primitive Characters of Liangzhu: Paintings and Symbols (Liangzhu Civilization)
by Yong Xia Xuefei ZhuThis book mainly focuses on the roles of engraved symbols and ornamentation in Liangzhu culture. It categorizes the engraved symbols discovered in Liangzhu culture as means of ideographical expression and decoration, aspects that are explored in detail. Further, the engraved symbols and ornamentation are subdivided in terms of certain similarities, including the dragon and bird systems. A separate chapter is especially designed to help readers appreciate the typical paintings and symbols in selected objects and vessels. In this way, the book seeks to analyze and generate a particular formula so as to explore patterns in the thinking of Liangzhu’s people, thus deciphering the spiritual code of the Liangzhu world.
The Role of Language in Content Pedagogy: A Framework for Teachers’ Knowledge (Studies in Singapore Education: Research, Innovation & Practice #4)
by Lay Hoon Seah Rita Elaine Silver Mark Charles BaildonThis book explores the importance of language in content learning. It focuses on teachers’ roles, knowledge and understanding of language in school contexts (including academic language and disciplinary languages) to support students. It examines teachers' language-related knowledge base for content teaching, which include teachers' knowledge of and about language, knowledge of (their) students and their pedagogical knowledge. This book also explores how teachers’ knowledge of language, students and content are linked as part of a larger pedagogical content knowledge, which includes knowledge of the role of language in content learning. As well, it further considers literacy (and literacies) as part of this examination of teachers’ knowledge of language.
Assessing Literacy in a Digital World: Validating a Scenario-Based Reading-to-Write Assessment
by Yumei ZhangThis book illustrates the latest developments in literacy and language assessment in the digital context, and subsequently presents a rigorous validation study on a newly proposed form of assessment (scenario-based assessment, SBA) that seeks to respond to the contextual change of literacy activities. It combines theories and innovative practices in both the literacy and language assessment sectors. The empirical validation study on SBA, presented here, can help readers understand how digital scenarios can be realized in assessment practices with the aid of computer technology, and how the scenario settings in the digital context can affect EFL learners’ reading-to-writing performance. In this way, it can facilitate the reconceptualization of L2 literacy in the digital context. Moreover, the evidence and critical examination presented here can offer readers more comprehensive insights into the value or validity of a given innovative approach before it is adopted in their contexts.
Learner Corpora: Construction and Explorations in Chinese and Related Languages (Chinese Language Learning Sciences)
by Howard Hao-Jan Chen Keiko Mochizuki Hongyin TaoThis edited book reflects the state of the art in learner corpus and related approaches to Chinese as a second language (CSL). CSL as a field has flourished in the past few decades due to the increasingly important role of the Chinese language at the world stage, yet studies of Chinese as a second language based on learner corpora have been less well developed due to the limited availability of data and lack of theoretical insights. This book represents the latest research in this area by 1) assembling a large group of active researchers from multiple international research communities (USA, China, Hong Kong, Macau, Japan, Taiwan, and France); 2) discussing the latest resources and technologies in Chinese and other Asian languages learner corpora and corpus building; 3) basing Chinese as a second language studies on data from learners of Chinese with a wide range of first language backgrounds (English, Japanese, Korean, French, among others); and 4) integrating corpus methods with a wide range of related methods in allied fields—language acquisition, usage-based linguistics, psycholinguistics, and neurolinguistics. This comprehensive collection is indispensable for anyone who is interested in corpus approaches to CSL and Chinese applied language studies in general.
Multilingualism, Identity and Interculturality in Education
by Ruth FieldingThis book brings together research on multilingualism, identity and intercultural understanding from a range of locations across the globe to explore the intersection of these key ideas in education. It addresses the need to better understand how multilingual, identity, and intercultural approaches intersect for multilingual learners in complex and varied settings. Through global examples, it explores how identities and multilingualism are situated within, and surrounding intercultural experiences. This book examines the different theoretical interpretations as encountered and used in different contexts. By doing so, it helps readers better understand how teachers approach multilingualism and diversity in a range of contexts.
Ein neues China-Bild: Wie zeitgenössische chinesische Literatur die Diskussion um China bereichern kann
by Gengsong GaoDieses Buch untersucht die besonderen Beiträge chinesischer Romanautoren zur China-Debatte im Hinblick auf die Schlüsselthemen chinesische Sprache, Machtdynamik und konfuzianische Tradition. Während China auf dem Vormarsch ist, debattieren chinesische Wissenschaftler und politische Entscheidungsträger heftig über Chinas Vergangenheit, Gegenwart und Zukunft. Wer sind die Hauptdiskutanten? Wie analysieren sie die Probleme Chinas und wie finden sie Lösungen? Was sind die wichtigsten Errungenschaften und Schwächen der intellektuellen Debatte und des Diskurses in China? Auch chinesische Romanautoren beteiligen sich an der China-Debatte. Ihre Stimmen sind jedoch selten zu hören. In diesem Buch wird die These vertreten, dass chinesische Romanciers durch die Dramatisierung der Vielfalt der Alltagssprachen, der aktiven diskursiven Praktiken und der bezaubernden lokalen Traditionen nicht nur die vorherrschenden liberalen,neulinken und neokonfuzianischen Ideologien illustrieren, sondern die China-Debatte bereichern und einen "neuartigen" Ansatz für unser Verständnis des modernen China bieten.
Translation Studies on Chinese Films and TV Shows
by Feng YueThis book explores translation strategies for films and TV programs. On the basis of case studies on subtitle translations, it argues that translators are expected to take into consideration not only linguistic and cultural differences but also the limits of time and space. Based on the editor’s experience working as a translator for TV, journalist, and narrator, this book proposes employing editorial translation for TV translation. Further, in light of statistics on international audiences’ views on Chinese films, it suggests striking a balance between conveying cultural messages and providing good entertainment.
Research on the Communication Effects and Mass Media Credibility in China: The Foundational Theory, Evaluation Methods and Empirical Analysis
by Guoming YuThis book establishes a measurement index to quantify China’s mass media public credibility, based on extensive research and the encapsulation of measurement theories and approaches related to media public credibility, as well as numerous empirical case studies from the international academic community over the past hundred years. The investigation into the current state of Chinese mass media public credibility and discussion on practical approaches to enhancing such public credibility is highly significant in the context of research on media public credibility. The book focuses on two fundamental issues: i) investigating the basic factors the Chinese audience values as the yardstick for media credibility, and ii) formulating a media public credibility measurement scale. Relying on data from investigations, the authors analyze the importance of various assessment benchmarks for measuring media public credibility and the characteristics of public credibility assessment. Lastly, a measurement scale is created by screening and analyzing measurement indices with statistical methods such as exploratory and authenticated factor analyses and credibility and validity testing, which is of high theoretical and practical scientific value.
A Critical Public Relations Approach to Crisis Communication and Management: A Case Study of Malaysia Airlines Flight MH370 Disappearance (The M.A.K. Halliday Library Functional Linguistics Series)
by Huabin WangThis book proposes a critical public relations approach to analyzing crisis communication with Malaysia Airlines flight 370 (MH370) disappearance (2014-2018) as a case study. It examines the discursive process of Malaysia’s crisis response and image building, tracing Malaysia Airlines during the immediate response and the Malaysian establishment until the official suspension of the underwater search. The study features a critical discourse analysis of 84 national media texts and 85 response statements, focusing on three aspects: the national media representations of Malaysia’s image, the national carrier and the government’s rhetorical strategies of delivering stances and actions, and the dynamic process of image reconstruction and national recovery. The present project contributes to the current research area by integrating both linguistic and public relations perspectives, and more importantly, by highlighting the ideological impact instead of merely behavioral effectiveness in modern communication research. Target readers may find their interest in corporate crisis communication, critical inquiry about political public relations, and the MH370 incident in general.
L2 Pragmatic Competence in Chinese EFL Routines (SpringerBriefs in Education)
by Yuqi WangThis book adopts a cross-sectional approach and mainly focuses on one of the core pragmatic constructs, formulaic/pragmatic routines, in addition to components put forward by Roever (2011) and Taguchi (2013). It actively integrates multidimensional pragmatic modalities—including both production (initiating and responding) and reception (recognition, comprehension, and perception), together with learners’ cognitive processes—rather than one or two types of task modalities. Focusing more on the Chinese EFL context instead of Japanese or European L1 learners, it also takes advantage of an emerging instrument, the computer-animated elicitation task, for data collection based on authentic oral responses and to avoid “coached” responses. The socio-cognitive approach, proposed by the famous linguistic expert Prof. Istvan Kecskes, is subsequently applied to conduct an in-depth analysis of the data. Hence, the book introduces a new and fruitful theoretical perspective to the traditional L2 pragmatic research field.
Exploring Lexical Inaccuracy in Arabic-English Translation: Implications and Remedies (New Frontiers in Translation Studies)
by Yasir AlenaziThis book presents a case study on lexical error analysis in the translation products of Arab English majors at the university level with important implications for Arabic-speaking countries. It provides detailed analyses and explanations of the main lexical areas that cause specific difficulties for these students, while also identifying their potential sources. The respective chapters discuss several areas related to the context of the research, the field of SLA, error analysis, language transfer, error taxonomies, language learning, language teaching, and translation training. The analyses and findings presented here contribute to the linguistic field by developing a comprehensive list of lexical error categories based on form, content, and origin of influence regarding translation products. In addition, the book sheds light on the pedagogical aspects contributing to the enhancement of ESL/EFL teaching in the Arab context as well as other contexts where English is taught as a foreign language. The book will help educators and curriculum writers in designing materials, and language researchers as a groundwork for their studies of L2 learners’ written products.
Local Research and Glocal Perspectives in English Language Teaching: Teaching in Changing Times
by Rubina Khan Ahmed Bashir Bijoy Lal Basu Md. Elias UddinThis book provides an overview of recent trends and developments in the field of English language education. It showcases research endeavors from a heterogenous group of scholars from different parts of the world and brings together perspectives from both experienced and emerging scholars. This book provides a platform for established as well as emerging practitioners and scholars in the field of English Language Teaching to share their research. It synthesizes local expertise and culture with innovative ideas from other contexts and brings theory and practice together in one volume.
Translation and Interpreting in the Age of COVID-19 (Corpora and Intercultural Studies #9)
by Kanglong Liu Andrew K. F. CheungThis book presents the latest developments in translation and interpreting (T&I), which has been at the forefront to face the challenges brought by COVID-19. The contributions in the book contain both quantitative and qualitative empirical studies as well as personal accounts of the impact and opportunities T&I has faced in the global pandemic, covering topics including metaphor translation, delivery of and access to T&I services during COVID-19, renewed perspectives on T&I practice and profession, and technological applications in the T&I classroom. The various themes in the book, through examining the role and many facets of T&I against the backdrop of COVID-19, have demonstrated that T&I as a vital means of intercultural communication is assuming immense importance at a time of uncertainties and disruptions.As one of the books addressing crucial issues of T&I at a time of global crisis, this edited book is of interest to many T&I professionals, researchers, teachers, and students who have been impacted by the pandemic and yet showed a continued interest in T&I and its future emerging practice in the post-pandemic era.
Bild, Realität und Medienkonstruktion: Eine Frame-Analyse der deutschen Mediendarstellungen von China
by Fengmin YanDieses Buch untersucht im Rahmen der Framing-Theorie, wie Nachrichtenmedien soziale Themen und Ereignisse konstruieren und dadurch bestimmte Wahrnehmungen vermitteln. Durch die Operationalisierung des medialen Framings als Interpretationsprozess durch Problemdefinition, Ursachendiagnose, moralische Wertung und Lösungsvorschläge schlägt das Buch einen systematischen und transparenten Ansatz für Bilder im Nachrichtendiskurs vor. Auf der Grundlage einer Frame-Analyse wird untersucht, wie deutsche Nachrichtenmedien eine Liste von Themen und Ereignissen mit China-Bezug rahmen und dadurch bestimmte Überzeugungen und Meinungen über dieses Land vermitteln. Darüber hinaus wird untersucht, ob es dominante Deutungsmuster gab und inwieweit unterschiedliche Sichtweisen erkennbar waren, indem zwei große Tageszeitungen mit gegensätzlicher politischer Ausrichtung - die FAZ und die taz - verglichen werden.Angeregt durch die Beziehung zwischen Bild und Wirklichkeit, untersucht das Buch die Entstehung und das Fortbestehen von Bildern anhand der medialen Konstruktion von Bedeutung und der menschlichen kognitiven Komplexität bei der Wahrnehmung anderer. Medien wählen bestimmte Themen und Ereignisse aus und interpretieren sie dann aus bestimmten Perspektiven. Eine Vielzahl professioneller und nicht-professioneller Faktoren, die hinter der Nachrichtenproduktion stehen, können zu verzerrten Darstellungen führen. Darüber hinaus können aus sozialpsychologischer Sicht ungenaue Wahrnehmungen fremder Kulturen durch kategorisches Denken, verzerrte Verarbeitung von Stimulusinformationen, Interessenkonflikte zwischen Gruppen und Bevorzugung der eigenen Gruppe entstehen.Dementsprechend geht es in diesem Buch nicht in erster Linie darum, ob die Medienberichterstattung von der Realität abweicht, sondern vielmehr um die zugrunde liegende Logik, auf der die Schlussfolgerungen und Urteile beruhen. Es trägt daher zu einem rationalen Verständnis des westlichen Diskurses bei und hat praktische Auswirkungen sowohl auf die chinesische öffentliche Diplomatie als auch auf eine konstruktivere Rolle der Nachrichtenmedien bei der Förderung des Verständnisses für andere.
Quadri-syllabic Schematic Idioms in Chinese: Description and Acquisition
by Liu LiThis book offers an insightful description of the productive behavior of four-character schematic idiomatic expressions (SIEs) in Mandarin and explores from a usage-based perspective the issue of how young learners acquire the partial productivity of these expressions. The beginning chapters contribute to a constructional understanding of the quadri-syllabic SIEs and an in-depth distributional analysis of three typical schematic patterns based on natural corpus data. The following chapters present detailed reports on four experimental studies to account for the factors that play significant roles in the learning process of SIEs from adolescence to adulthood. In the final chapter, the author concludes that acquisition of SIEs is as an interactive process shaped by input frequency, structural complexity, internal semantic relation, and chunking effect of open morphemes at different age levels. These findings enrich current understandings on constructional idioms and the emergentist model in idiom learning with a cross-linguistic focus on Mandarin unique quadri-syllabic SIEs. Language teachers, researchers, and postgraduate students who are interested in studies of idiomaticity. Construction grammar and usage-based learning model will find this book sufficiently informative and intriguing.
Media Representations of Macau’s Gaming Industry in Greater China: A Corpus-based Critical Discourse Analysis
by Yuxi WuThis book is the first linguistic study that combines CL and CDA to compare the media representations of Macau’s gaming industry in English-language newspapers published in Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Macau. An analytical framework based on the notion of the extended units of meaning of a lexical item (Sinclair, 2004) is adopted to examine the ideological stances regarding Macau’s gaming industry among three English-language newspapers published in the three Chinese territories mentioned above by comparing the patterns of co-selection of shared and unique words and phraseologies. The book’s findings confirm that the news media in these three territories differ in their ideological stances. Moreover, the book offers readers a fresh perspective on Macau by exploring how the region and its gaming industry are represented in three news article corpora. Thus, it provides unique insights into the similarities and differences among these three territories. Further, the research suggests that the methods adopted in this book can be replicated to examine and compare the news and political discourses in a variety of contexts. Accordingly, the book represents a valuable resource not only for students majoring in linguistics, media studies, communication, journalism, etc., but also for researchers in the fields of corpus linguistics, critical discourse analysis, etc.
Aesthetic Literacies in School and Work: New Pathways for Education (SpringerBriefs in Education)
by Georgina BartonThis book argues the importance of aesthetic literacies in learning and teaching in schools for future work. The study of aesthetics is critical in today’s learning, due to the increasingly complex ways in which we communicate meaning, such as through the presentation of texts and objects. The book provides educators, pre-service teachers, and students an in-depth understanding of aesthetic literacies in innovative spaces, including in philosophical literature, environmental spaces, curricula and classrooms. Using various theoretical frames from both the arts and literacy fields, this book shares relevant pedagogies, theorisations and contexts where aesthetic literacies are at the core of learning. It emphasises how improved knowledge of aesthetics and quality experiences in beauty are vital in aiding students and young children develop the necessary resilience and tolerance needed in today’s uncertain world.
Reflecting on and with the ‘More-than-Human’ in Education: Things for Interculturality (SpringerBriefs in Education)
by Fred Dervin Mei YuanThis book examines today’s central and yet often misunderstood and misconstrued notion of interculturality. It specifically focuses on one aspect of intercultural awareness that has been ignored in research and education: the presence and influence of things on the way we experience, do, and reflect on interculturality. This book provides the readers with opportunities to engage with interculturality by reflecting on how our lives are full of things and entangled with them. It urges teachers, teacher educators, scholars, and students to open their eyes to the richness that the more-than-human, with which we can reflect, has to offer for intercultural communication education.
Traversing Old and New Literacies: The Undead Book and Other Assemblages
by Sue NicholsThis book re-examines the field of New Literacy Studies and promotes a shift away from binary constructions of literacies as 'old' or 'new' and to encourage critical reflection on the part of readers as to the uses of these constructs. First, the book examines the entanglement of pasts, presents and futures in contemporary literacy practices. Second, it considers representations of literacies as actors, having their own power and consequences. Third, it critically examines the place of 'new' and 'old' literacies in a marketplace in which social, economic and political power advantage is contested. The book demonstrates the use of assemblage theory drawing on semiotics, geo-semiotics and Actor Network Theory for analyzing literacies as assemblages. It provides readers with tools of analysis with which to interrogate claims made for the value of literacy, innovations and traditions alike. It also discusses implications for literacy policy, curriculum, teacher education and research.
Splendors of Quanzhou, Past and Present
by William N. BrownThis open access book explores the past and present of Quanzhou (Zayton) and the rich diversity and tolerance that kindled Quanzhou’s innovativeness and helped it prosper both commercially and culturally—values that are today being embraced by China’s global trade partners. Quanzhou (Zayton), Marco Polo’s port of departure and Columbus’ goal in China, was not only the start of the Maritime Silk Road and the Middle Age’s greatest port but also centuries ahead of its time in its tolerance and diversity. The fabled “City of Light” had 7 mosques for its 40,000 Muslims, some of whom served in government, as well as 3 Franciscan cathedrals funded in part by the emperor, Jewish synagogues, and centers for Nestorian Christians, Hindus, Taoists, Manicheans, Jains, etc. As Franciscan Bishop Andrew of Perugia wrote in 1322, “Tis a fact that in this vast empire, there are people of every nation under heaven, and every sect, and all and sundry are allowed to live freely according to their creed.” In 2021, UNESCO designated “Quanzhou, Emporium of the World,” as a world heritage site, and the city is now the hub of the Belt and Road Initiative, the 21st Century Silk Road, which was inspired by ancient Quanzhou.
Advances in Cognitive Science and Communications: Selected Articles from the 5th International Conference on Communications and Cyber-Physical Engineering (ICCCE 2022), Hyderabad, India (Cognitive Science and Technology)
by Amit Kumar Stefan Mozar Jan HaaseThis book includes selected peer reviewed articles from The 5th International Conference on Communications and Cyber-Physical Engineering (ICCCE 2022), held on 29th and 30th April 2022 in Hyderabad, India. Articles presented here relate to next generation cognitive systems, neuroscience, cyber physical systems and their impact on communication technologies. The book includes content related to cognitive disorders, computational intelligence, fuzzy logics, evolutionary computing that are important for deriving a roadmap for future research on cognitive science/systems and communications. ICCCE is one of the most prestigious conferences conceptualized in the transdisciplinary field of cognitive science and communication technology areas like methods of linguistics, computer science, philosophy, and neuroscience. This edition of the conference was attended by several Industry professionals and academicians, and Government agencies to cover a broad range of perspectives, practices, and technical expertise related to cognitive technologies and next generation communications. Articles presented cover innovations from industry, outcome of implementations and cutting-edge research outcomes from cognitive science/technology areas and their impact on communication technology and cyber physical engineering.
Speech and Interaction of Preadolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Focus on Prosody, Disfluencies and Comprehension Problems (Prosody, Phonology and Phonetics)
by Mari WiklundThe book focuses on the interaction of persons with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). ASD is a neurobiological developmental disorder, characterized by problems with social interaction, over-sensitivity to sensory stimuli and restricted interest (APA 2013). Problems with social interaction being a core feature of ASD, there is a scientific and a societal need for a book focusing on this topic. The book approaches the interaction of persons with ASD from a new angle. Firstly, where most studies on ASD are based on data coming from experimental settings, this book is based on naturally occurring data coming from group therapy sessions where 11–13-year-old Finnish- and French-speaking boys with ASD talk with each other and with their therapists. Secondly, the book treats a variety of themes that have so far been studied much less than, for example, the pragmatic problems of persons with ASD. These themes include the following aspects: speech prosody (characteristic features, perception of atypicality by neurotypical listeners), disfluencies of speech (comparison with neurotypical controls), comprehension problems (role of prosody, role of disfluencies, other causes), gaze behavior (eye contact avoidance strategies, using gaze as a source of feedback) as well as therapists’ response strategies and teaching orientations. The book is intended for researchers working in the field of autism, professionals working with persons with ASD as well as for families of persons with ASD.