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Digital Financial Inclusion and Regulation (Routledge Studies in Development Economics)
by Ogochukwu MonyeThis book explores the various considerations for achieving an effective regulatory strategy to improve financial access and usage in Nigeria and beyond. Gaps in the legal and institutional framework for digital financial services (DFS) as well as the barriers that contribute to financial exclusion are identified as are the policy changes needed to provide more extensive, accessible and sustainable financial inclusion value. In addition, the book covers divergent themes around the use of and insights for regulating industry financial services providers and challenger entities that herald industry disruption. The book adopts three research methods. The doctrinal research method is used to buttress the law and development analysis and the themes around regulation, adoption and usage of financial services. To elucidate the application of financial innovations, comparative case studies are drawn from selected jurisdictions including Kenya, South Africa, Ghana, The Philippines, Brazil, Mexico, Uganda, Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh. Lastly, using the empirical research method, the author reports the burden experienced by the residents of a community without banks in accessing finance. Included in this discussion are the barriers to finance as well as the coping strategies adopted by the community residents to access formal and informal finance.
SDGs im Mittelstand: Nachhaltigkeit in Unternehmen ganzheitlich umsetzen (SDG - Forschung, Konzepte, Lösungsansätze zur Nachhaltigkeit)
by Patricia MoockNachhaltigkeit hat in den letzten Jahren an Relevanz stark zugenommen und ist längst auch für kleine und mittelständische Unternehmen ein wichtiges Thema. Häufig kommt die Frage auf, wie Nachhaltigkeit ganzheitlich im Unternehmen umgesetzt werden kann – hier unterstützen die Sustainable Development Goals der UN (kurz: SDGs). Als globales Rahmenwerk bieten sie einen Orientierungsrahmen sowie einen ganzheitlichen Blick auf Nachhaltigkeit und leisten für Mittelständler einen wertvollen Beitrag zur strategischen Ausrichtung, zu Innovationsvorhaben, für die Umsetzung, für die interne und externe Kommunikation und für die Entwicklung einer nachhaltigen Kultur. Die Arbeit mit den SDGs bietet den Vorteil, dass nun Mittelständler ihre jahrelangen Bemühungen der lokalen Nachhaltigkeitsarbeit mit einem global anerkannten Rahmenwerk verbinden können. Dieser Praxisleitfaden unterstützt Sie dabei, Nachhaltigkeit mit den SDGs in Ihrem Unternehmen zu verankern. Zahlreiche Checklisten, Praxisbeispiele, Workshopabläufe und Tipps geben Ihnen Orientierung und helfen bei der konkreten Umsetzung.
Assessing the Evidence in Indigenous Education Research: Implications for Policy and Practice (Postcolonial Studies in Education)
by Nikki Moodie Kevin Lowe Roselyn Dixon Karen TrimmerThis book explores the current state of research on Indigenous education Australia. In particular, these chapters focus on exploring deep and enduring questions about the failures of schooling to address the needs of Aboriginal communities. This book provides a systematic analysis of existing research to explain how connection to culture - and the recognition of Indigenous sovereignties and knowledges - are the keys to Aboriginal excellence in schooling.
The Business of Theatrical Design, Second Edition
by James MoodyWritten by a leading design consultant and carefully updated with the latest information on the industry, this is the essential guide to earning a living, marketing skills, furthering a design career, and operating a business. With more than thirty years of backstage and behind-the-scenes experience in theater, film, television, concerts, and special events, James Moody shares his success secrets for the benefit of design students and working designers. Topics include: Finding and landing dream assignmentsNegotiating feesSetting up ideal working spacesBuilding the perfect staffOvercoming fears of accounting and record-keepingChoosing the right insuranceJoining the right unions and professional organizationsAnd more In addition to revealing how to get the great design jobs in traditional entertainment venues, the author shows designers how to think outside the box and seize creative, lucrative opportunities—such as those in theme parks, in concert halls, and with architectural firms. Providing the keys for passionate, talented designers to become successful businesspeople, The Business of Theatrical Design is a must-read for novices and established professionals alike.
Agricultural Valuations: A Practical Guide
by Jeremy Moody Nick MillardAgricultural Valuations: A Practical Guide has long been the standard text for students and professionals working on agricultural valuations. Taking a practical approach, it covers all the relevant techniques and legislation necessary to correctly value farms, assess farm rents, carry out arbitrations, inventories and records of condition, including valuation clauses on sales of farms, livestock, soils, management agreements, valuation in court proceedings and a glossary of useful information. In this fifth edition, Gwyn Williams's original text is taken on by Jeremy Moody and Nick Millard, renowned experts in the field, bringing the book right up to date to reflect recent changes in the rural economy, including development, diversification and renewable energy and specialist valuations and reference to all the latest legislation. Clear and accessible to students and professionals alike, readers will find Agricultural Valuations an invaluable guide to best practice in agricultural valuations.
Making Space for Justice: Social Movements, Collective Imagination, and Political Hope
by Michele Moody-AdamsFrom nineteenth-century abolitionism to Black Lives Matter today, progressive social movements have been at the forefront of social change. Yet it is seldom recognized that such movements have not only engaged in political action but also posed crucial philosophical questions about the meaning of justice and about how the demands of justice can be met.Michele Moody-Adams argues that anyone who is concerned with the theory or the practice of justice—or both—must ask what can be learned from social movements. Drawing on a range of compelling examples, she explores what they have shown about the nature of justice as well as what it takes to create space for justice in the world. Moody-Adams considers progressive social movements as wellsprings of moral inquiry and as agents of social change, drawing out key philosophical and practical principles. Social justice demands humane regard for others, combining compassionate concern and robust respect. Successful movements have drawn on the transformative power of imagination, strengthening the motivation to pursue justice and to create the political institutions and social policies that can sustain it by inspiring political hope.Making Space for Justice contends that the insights arising from social movements are critical to bridging the gap between discerning theory and effective practice—and should be transformative for political thought as well as for political activism.
Responsible Leadership: Lessons from the Front Line of Sustainability and Ethics
by Mark Moody-StuartAs Chairman of the Royal Dutch/Shell Group from 1991–2001 and Anglo American plc from 2002–2009, Sir Mark Moody-Stuart is as qualified as anyone on the planet to discuss the realities, dilemmas and lessons to be learnt from the last 20 years of corporate engagement with sustainability, ethics and responsibility. In this unique book – part memoir, part confessional, part manifesto for leadership – we hear a unique voice from the front line of corporate responsibility. Moody-Stuart retraces the steps of a remarkable journey from being a postgraduate geologist to being at the helm of two of the largest corporations in the world.We hear of dealings with dictators and prime ministers, colleagues and NGOs, rivals and friends. We travel from Syria to Nigeria; Iraq to Downing Street; and from the machinations of the United Nations to those inside the boardroom of Shell. We see Shell’s annus horribilis in 1995 unfold through the eyes of an insider, and how Brent Spar and the execution of Ken Saro-Wiwa sent shockwaves through the company, resulting in a complete reappraisal of its mission and principles. We hear about the oil and mining sectors and their complicated development role in areas of conflict and corruption; the way that markets have failed us on climate change and corruption; and how governments need to step up to the global challenges we face. We hear how Deepwater Horizon could have been avoided; what Shell were asked to do by Tony Blair during the UK fuel blockades of 2000 and why they declined; why China is too important to ignore; and why the Global Compact is too important to fail. We hear lessons from a life spent living in 10 different countries and we come to realize that, for corporations, trying to do the right thing can sometimes be almost impossible. We also come to know a deeply ethical and thoughtful leader who has always tried to do exactly that.
Regulating the Metaverse Economy: How to Prevent Money Laundering and the Financing of Terrorism (SpringerBriefs in Law)
by Annelieke MooijThis open access book examines regulating an environment that has no jurisdiction, is fully anonymous and infinitely vast? Welcome to the Metaverse, an online virtual reality that is expected to add billions to the global economy. The Metaverse offers a new type of virtual economy with practically endless business opportunities. The question is how to prevent these opportunities from being abused to commit money laundering and finance terrorism (MLFT). This book explores the current European Union legislation designed to prevent MLFT in connection with the Metaverse. It analyses the legislation in relation to the three traditional stages of MLFT: placement, layering and integration. Furthermore, some additional risks specific to the Metaverse are discussed, such as Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) and the high level of anonymity. The book concludes that the current legislation is not suitable for facing the new challenges of the Metaverse. In turn, the book puts forward a novel approach to regulating and enforcing MLFT legislation: using a system of smart assets equipped with AI to prevent and detect MLFT. In addition, it makes recommendations on how to improve the legal framework with regard to the new challenges arising from the Metaverse. Particular attention is given to creating a legal framework that incorporates the use of smart assets and the Internet of Things, in order to provide a safe environment for potential users and society. With a solid background in financial law and technology, the author successfully creates a novel system of regulation and enforcement that is based on the use of automatic enforcement, whilst keeping sufficient legal safeguards in place for potential Metaverse users. This book will be of interest to anyone interested in the Metaverse. Whether you want to regulate it or open your own virtual business, it’s a must-read!
Democracy, Religious Pluralism and the Liberal Dilemma of Accommodation
by Monica MookherjeeHow should liberal democratic governments respond to citizens as religious believers whose values, norms and practices might lie outside the cultural mainstream? Some of the most challenging political questions arising today focus on the adequacy of a policy of 'live and let live' liberal toleration in contexts where disputes about the metaphysical truth of conflicting world-views abound. Does liberal toleration fail to give all citizens their due? Do citizens of faith deserve a more robust form of accommodation from the state in the form of 'recognition'. This issue is far from settled. Controversies over the terms of religious accommodation continue to dominate political agendas around the world. This is the first edited collection to provide a sustained examination of the politics of toleration and recognition in an age of religious pluralism. The aftermath of the events of September 11th have dramatised the urgency of this debate. It has also surfaced, nationally and globally, in disputes about terrorism, security and gender and human rights questions in relation to minority communities. This volume brings together a group of new and established scholars from the fields of law and philosophy, who all present fresh and challenging perspectives on an urgent debate. It will be indispensable reading for advanced researchers in political and legal philosophy, religious and cultural studies and related disciplines.
How to Be A Social Justice Advocate: Create Positive Change in Your Home, Community, and World
by A. Rahema MooltreyTake action to promote social justice with help from this practical guide Social justice is about uplifting and empowering underserved and marginalized communities impacted by systems of oppression. While believing in equity and fairness is easy, taking action and doing your part requires work. This book is filled with practical, real-world advice that shows you how to serve and support your community through activism. You'll discover concrete steps you can take in 4 key areas that determine well-being and livelihood for all groups of people: education, economic stability, health, and safety. This standout among social justice books encourages you to: Get involved—Examine your intentions and unconscious biases, take stock of your strengths and interests, and consider important historical contexts when involving yourself in social justice work. See justice in action—Read relatable stories about real-life social justice wins to help inspire your own activism. Engage with others—Social justice is only possible when in community with others. Find tips on involving friends, family, and other community members in respectful and sustainable ways. Promote social justice and help create meaningful change with How to Be a Social Justice Advocate.
The Future of International Economic Integration: The Embedded Liberalism Compromise Revisited
by Gillian Moon Lisa TooheyAs part of the 1947 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), a compromise on domestic socio-economic issues was struck and subsequently given the name 'embedded liberalism'. The Future of International Economic Integration explores the multiple dimensions of the embedded liberalism compromise, to understand its contemporary influence on both the scope and application of international trade law, and on the content and character of parallel domestic socio-economic policy space. Top international economic law scholars have contributed chapters that look at the four principal dimensions of the topic. It sets out the history and character of the embedded liberalism compromise, explores the relationship between the compromise and WTO law, explores areas of contemporary tension that invoke the principles of the compromise such as human rights, cultural diversity, and environmental protection, and investigates what future impact the compromise might have on new trade and investment agreements.
Business, Value Creation, and Society: Government Regulation and International Business Responsibility (Business, Value Creation, and Society)
by Jeremy Moon Knudsen Jette SteenA growing number of states are regulating the corporate social responsibility (CSR) of domestic multinational corporations relating to overseas subsidiaries and suppliers. In this book, Jette Steen Knudsen and Jeremy Moon offer a new framework for analysing government-CSR relations: direct and indirect policies for CSR. Arguing that existing research on CSR regulation fails to address the growing role of the state in shaping the international practices of multinational corporations, the authors provide insight into the CSR issues that are addressed by government policies. Drawing on case studies, they analyse three key examples of CSR: non-financial reporting, ethical trade and tax transparency in extractive industries. In doing so, they propose a new research agenda of government and CSR that is relevant to scholars and graduate students in CSR, sustainability, political economy and economic sociology, as well as policymakers and consultants in international development and trade.
Putting Faith in Hate: When Religion Is the Source or Target of Hate Speech
by Richard MoonTo allow or restrict hate speech is a hotly debated issue in many societies. While the right to freedom of speech is fundamental to liberal democracies, most countries have accepted that hate speech causes significant harm and ought to be regulated. Richard Moon examines the application of hate speech laws when religion is either the source or target of such speech. Moon describes the various legal restrictions on hate speech, religious insult, and blasphemy in Canada, Europe and elsewhere, and uses cases from different jurisdictions to illustrate the particular challenges raised by religious hate speech. The issues addressed are highly topical: speech that attacks religious communities, specifically anti-Muslim rhetoric, and hateful speech that is based on religious doctrine or scripture, such as anti-gay speech. The book draws on a rich understanding of freedom of expression, the harms of hate speech, and the role of religion in public life.
Human Rights and the Body: Hidden in Plain Sight (Law, Language and Communication)
by Annabelle MooneyHuman Rights and the Body is a response to the crisis in human rights, to the very real concern that without a secure foundation for the concept of human rights, their very existence is threatened. While there has been consideration of the discourses of human rights and the way in which the body is written upon, research in linguistics has not yet been fully brought to bear on either human rights or the body. Drawing on legal concepts and aspects of the law of human rights, Mooney aims to provide a universally defensible set of human rights and a foundation, or rather a frame, for them. She argues that the proper frames for human rights are firstly the human body, seen as an index reliant on the natural world, secondly the globe and finally, language. These three frames generate rights to food, water, sleep and shelter, environmental protection and a right against dehumanization. This book is essential reading for researchers and graduate students in the fields of human rights and semiotics of law.
The Right to housing in law and society (Routledge Research in Human Rights Law)
by Nico MoonsFrom the very first negotiations of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights half a century ago to the present day, socio-economic rights have often been regarded as less enforceable than civil and political rights. The right to adequate housing, even though protecting one of the most basic needs of human beings, has not escaped this classification. Despite its strong foundations in international, regional and domestic legislation, many people are still deprived of one or more of the different key elements that comprise adequate housing. How, then, can international human rights theory and case law be developed into effective vehicles at the domestic level? Rather than focusing merely on possibilities for individualized relief through the court system, The Right to Housing in Law and Society looks into more effective socio-economic rights realization by addressing both conceptual and practical stumbling blocks that hinder a more structural progress at the national level. The Flemish and Belgian housing legislation and policy are used to highlight the problems and illustrate the pathways here presented. While first and foremost legal in its approach, the book also offers a more sociological perspective on the functioning of the right to housing in practice. It shows the latest state of knowledge on the topic and will be of interest to researchers, academics, policymakers and students in the fields of international socio-economic rights law and human rights law more generally.
The Commons in a Glocal World: Global Connections and Local Responses (Earthscan Studies in Natural Resource Management)
by Tine De Moor Tobias Haller Thomas Breu Christian Rohr Heinzpeter ZnojThis volume focuses on how, in Europe, the debate on the commons is discussed in regard to historical and contemporary dimensions, critically referencing the work of Elinor Ostrom. It also explores from the perspective of new institutional political ecology (NIPE) how Europe directly and indirectly affected and affects the commons globally. Most of the research on the management of commons pool resources is limited to dealing with one of two topics: either the interaction between local participatory governance and development of institutions for commons management, or a political- economy approach that focuses on global change as it is related to the increasingly globalised expansion of capitalist modes of production, consumption and societal reproduction. This volume bridges the two, addressing how global players affect the commons worldwide and how they relate to responses emerging from within the commons in a global- local (glocal) world. Authors from a range of academic disciplines present research findings on recent developments on the commons, including: historical insights; new innovations for participatory institutions building in Europe or several types of commons grabbing, especially in Africa related to European investments; and restrictions on the management of commons at the international level. European case studies are included, providing interesting examples of local participation in commons resource management, while simultaneously showing Europe as a centre for globalized capitalism and its norms and values, affecting the rest of the world, particularly developing countries. This book will be of interest to students and researchers from a wide range of disciplines including natural resource management, environmental governance, political geography and environmental history.
Intellectual Property and Information Control: Philosophic Foundations and Contemporary Issues
by Adam MooreComputer technology and the proliferation of digital networks have radically altered how ideas and information are gathered and manipulated and generated new conflicts between public use and private rights. These conflicts raise serious problems: Are abstract ideas and information proper subjects of ownership? What role should privacy rights play? How does the violation of intellectual property rights compare morally to the violation of physical property rights? Now available in paperback, Intellectual Property and Information Control provides answers and strategies for dealing with these and other questions while mounting a philosophical defense of rights to intellectual and intangible property.As the book shows, a policy that allows too much access may stymie innovation and cause individuals to isolate themselves. At the other extreme, huge, multinational corporations may hold as intangible property vast amounts of knowledge, including sensitive personal information. Through discussions of patent law, fair use, and practical problems such as privacy in the workplace, Moore demonstrates that intellectual and intangible property rights exist along with privacy rights. The latter will sometimes constrain what can be done with the former.
Privacy Rights: Moral and Legal Foundations
by Adam D. MooreWe all know that Google stores huge amounts of information about everyone who uses its search tools, that Amazon can recommend new books to us based on our past purchases, and that the U.S. government engaged in many data-mining activities during the Bush administration to acquire information about us, including involving telecommunications companies in monitoring our phone calls (currently the subject of a bill in Congress). Control over access to our bodies and to special places, like our homes, has traditionally been the focus of concerns about privacy, but access to information about us is raising new challenges for those anxious to protect our privacy. In Privacy Rights, Adam Moore adds informational privacy to physical and spatial privacy as fundamental to developing a general theory of privacy that is well grounded morally and legally.
Privacy Rights: Moral and Legal Foundations
by Adam D. MooreWe all know that Google stores huge amounts of information about everyone who uses its search tools, that Amazon can recommend new books to us based on our past purchases, and that the U.S. government engaged in many data-mining activities during the Bush administration to acquire information about us, including involving telecommunications companies in monitoring our phone calls (currently the subject of a bill in Congress). Control over access to our bodies and to special places, like our homes, has traditionally been the focus of concerns about privacy, but access to information about us is raising new challenges for those anxious to protect our privacy. In Privacy Rights, Adam Moore adds informational privacy to physical and spatial privacy as fundamental to developing a general theory of privacy that is well grounded morally and legally.
Depositions In A Nutshell
by Albert Moore David Binder Paul Bergman Jason LightThis Nutshell, which replaces Binder, Moore and Bergman's Deposition Questioning Strategies and Techniques (2001), provides comprehensive descriptions and concrete illustrations of effective strategies and techniques for taking and defending depositions. The book can serve as a text for a 2-4 unit stand-alone depositions course (either live client or simulated) or as a supplement to a civil pre-trial lawyering course. It devotes separate chapters to such fundamental skills as obtaining helpful answers to critical questions, undercutting harmful testimony, obtaining a deponent's version of significant events, and obtaining information from evasive deponents. Other chapters include topics such as responding to inconsistent or implausible testimony, overcoming opposing counsel's objections and obstructionist tactics, and preparing a client to be deposed.
The Guantánamo Artwork and Testimony of Moath Al-Alwi: Deaf Walls Speak (Palgrave Studies in Literature, Culture and Human Rights)
by Alexandra S. Moore Elizabeth SwansonDeaf Walls Speak presents an insider’s view of artmaking in Guantánamo, the world’s most notorious prison, as self-expression and protest, and to stage a fundamental human rights claim that has been denied by law and politics: the right to be recognized as human. The book juxtaposes detainee artist Moath al-Alwi’s testimony and artwork with essays that situate his work within legal, political, aesthetic, and material contexts to demonstrate that artwork at Guantánamo constitutes important forms of material witnessing to human rights abuses perpetrated and denied by the U.S. government.
Shards
by Allison Moore Nancy WoodruffI had told myself when I did that line that I would only try it once. . . . But when I started to come down, I couldn't face being plunged into the icy cold water of my real life. I couldn't bear to have those feelings return. I did another line, bigger than the first. It made me feel calm, confident, excited about my future. Meth was the answer to all my problems. As a beautiful, ambitious, and fearless young woman, Allison Moore had everything going for her: She had been the star student of her recruit class and was quickly promoted to vice cop at the Maui Police Department, while earning the respect of her colleagues and a stellar reputation. But when a doomed love affair with another cop led Allison to seek a desperate escape, her life took a sudden and violent plunge. Using her position of authority and skills of manipulation, Allison hid her addiction from her lover and her department for as long as possible. She fabricated an elaborate story that she had ovarian cancer and needed to seek treatment on the mainland, while actually traveling to get a steady supply of meth from a brutal Seattle drug dealer. When her intensifying dependence on meth put her at the mercy of the ruthless dealer, he made her a prisoner in his house, subjecting her to unthinkable physical and sexual abuse, and monitoring her every move through a web of hidden cameras. Astounding, gripping, and told firsthand in a deeply sympathetic voice, Shards spares no detail of Allison's horrific experiences and the tangle of addiction and betrayal that cost her the career she loved, the colleagues who adored her, and the island that was once her paradise.
Freedom of Navigation and the Law of the Sea: Warships, States and the Use of Force (Routledge Research on the Law of the Sea)
by Cameron MooreThere has been a recent increase in clashes between warships asserting rights to navigate and states asserting sovereignty over coastal waters. This book argues for a set of rules which respect the rights of coastal states to protect their sovereignty and of warships to navigate lawfully, whilst also outlining the limits of each. The book addresses the issue of the clash between warships and states by considering the general principles applying to use of force in the law of the sea and the law of national self-defence. It focuses on the right of coastal states to use force to prevent passage of warships which threaten their sovereignty, with particular reference to the specific maritime zones, as well as by warships to ensure passage or to defend themselves. The book also assesses the extent to which the law of armed conflict may be applicable to these issues. The conclusion draws together a set of rules which take account of both contemporary and historical events and seeks to balance the competing interests at stake. Providing a concise overview of the enduring issue of freedom of navigation, this book will appeal to anyone studying international law, the law of the sea, security studies and international relations. It will also be of interest to naval, coast guard and military officers as well as government legal advisors.
The Court of Appeal for Ontario
by Christopher MooreIn Christopher Moore's lively and engaging history of the Court of Appeal for Ontario, he traces the evolution of one of Canada's most influential courts from its origins as a branch of the lieutenant governor's executive council to the post-Charter years of cutting-edge jurisprudence and national influence.Discussing the issues, personalities, and politics which have shaped Ontario's highest court, The Court of Appeal for Ontario offers appreciations of key figures in Canada's legal and political history - including John Beverly Robinson, Oliver Mowat, Bora Laskin, and Bertha Wilson - and a serious examination of what the right of appeal means and how it has been interpreted by Canadians over the last two hundred years. The first comprehensive history of the Ontario Court of Appeal, Moore's book is the definitive and eminently readable account of the court that has been called everything from a bulwark against tyranny to murderer's row.
The Law Society of Upper Canada and Ontario's Lawyers, 1797-1997
by Christopher MooreAt the end of the eighteenth century, when ten lawyers gathered in what is now Niagara-on-the-Lake to form the Law Society of Upper Canada, they were creating something new in the world: a professional organization with statutory authority to control its membership and govern its own affairs. Today's Law Society of Upper Canada, with more than 25,000 members, still wields these powers. Marking the bicentennial of the society's foundation, Christopher Moore's history begins by exploring the unprecedented step taken in 1797 and follows the evolution of lawyers' work and the idea of professional autonomy through two hundred years of growth and change.The Law Society of Upper Canada and Ontario's Lawyers is a broad-ranging story of the growth and development of the Law Society and the legal profession, from the days when horseback barristers travelled the backwoods by horseback, through the reforms of the late nineteenth century to the period of reaction between the two world wars and the long struggle of women and minorities for access to and equity in the legal profession. Writing in a style that is scholarly as well as entertaining, Moore traces to the present a story rich in personalities, and shows how, after a period of tremendous growth and change, questions of governance, legal aid, and practice insurance triggered a series of crises that rocked the society to its foundations.This is the first study to be based on full access to the society's two hundred years of historical records. Moore, who has organized his research into themes and periods to illuminate the story, also includes new material on the lives and careers of Ontario lawyers and on the place of the Law Society in professional and public life. Readable and extensively illustrated, The Law Society of Upper Canada and Ontario's Lawyers shows that such issues as professional autonomy and the internal organization, at the forefront of debate at the society's inception, continue to dominiate discussions today.