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Omic Association Studies with R and Bioconductor
by Juan R. González Alejandro CáceresAfter the great expansion of genome-wide association studies, their scientific methodology and, notably, their data analysis has matured in recent years, and they are a keystone in large epidemiological studies. Newcomers to the field are confronted with a wealth of data, resources and methods. This book presents current methods to perform informative analyses using real and illustrative data with established bioinformatics tools and guides the reader through the use of publicly available data. Includes clear, readable programming codes for readers to reproduce and adapt to their own data. Emphasises extracting biologically meaningful associations between traits of interest and genomic, transcriptomic and epigenomic data Uses up-to-date methods to exploit omic data Presents methods through specific examples and computing sessions Supplemented by a website, including code, datasets, and solutions
On Art and Science: Tango of an Eternally Inseparable Duo (The Frontiers Collection)
by Shyam Wuppuluri Dali WuEinstein once remarked "After a certain high level of technical skill is achieved, science and art tend to coalesce in aesthetics, plasticity, and form. The greatest scientists are always artists as well". In this volume, some of the world’s leading thinkers come together to expound on the interrelations between sciences and arts. While one can segregate art and place it outside the scientific realm, it is, nevertheless, inextricably linked to our essential cognitive/emotional/perceptual modalities and abilities, and therefore lies alongside and in close contact with the method of science and philosophy. What inspiration can scientists draw from art and how can scientific spirit foster our understanding and creation of aesthetic works? How are art and science grounded in our cognition? What role does perception play in science and art? Are criteria for beauty in art and science the same? How does evolution shape our understanding of art? How do science, art and scientifico-artistic frameworks shape society as a whole and help us address its pressing issues? The epistemological and ontological aspects haunt artists, philosophers and scientists alike. The essays in this volume address these manifold questions while also elucidating the pragmatic role they play in our daily life.
On Hilbert-Type and Hardy-Type Integral Inequalities and Applications (SpringerBriefs in Mathematics)
by Bicheng Yang Michael Th. RassiasThis book is aimed toward graduate students and researchers in mathematics, physics and engineering interested in the latest developments in analytic inequalities, Hilbert-Type and Hardy-Type integral inequalities, and their applications. Theories, methods, and techniques of real analysis and functional analysis are applied to equivalent formulations of Hilbert-type inequalities, Hardy-type integral inequalities as well as their parameterized reverses. Special cases of these integral inequalities across an entire plane are considered and explained. Operator expressions with the norm and some particular analytic inequalities are detailed through several lemmas and theorems to provide an extensive account of inequalities and operators.
On the Brink of Paradox: Highlights from the Intersection of Philosophy and Mathematics (The\mit Press Ser.)
by Agustin RayoAn introduction to awe-inspiring ideas at the brink of paradox: infinities of different sizes, time travel, probability and measure theory, and computability theory.This book introduces the reader to awe-inspiring issues at the intersection of philosophy and mathematics. It explores ideas at the brink of paradox: infinities of different sizes, time travel, probability and measure theory, computability theory, the Grandfather Paradox, Newcomb's Problem, the Principle of Countable Additivity. The goal is to present some exceptionally beautiful ideas in enough detail to enable readers to understand the ideas themselves (rather than watered-down approximations), but without supplying so much detail that they abandon the effort. The philosophical content requires a mind attuned to subtlety; the most demanding of the mathematical ideas require familiarity with college-level mathematics or mathematical proof.The book covers Cantor's revolutionary thinking about infinity, which leads to the result that some infinities are bigger than others; time travel and free will, decision theory, probability, and the Banach-Tarski Theorem, which states that it is possible to decompose a ball into a finite number of pieces and reassemble the pieces so as to get two balls that are each the same size as the original. Its investigation of computability theory leads to a proof of Gödel's Incompleteness Theorem, which yields the amazing result that arithmetic is so complex that no computer could be programmed to output every arithmetical truth and no falsehood. Each chapter is followed by an appendix with answers to exercises. A list of recommended reading points readers to more advanced discussions. The book is based on a popular course (and MOOC) taught by the author at MIT.
On the Class Number of Abelian Number Fields: Extended with Tables by Ken-ichi Yoshino and Mikihito Hirabayashi
by Helmut HasseWith this translation, the classic monograph Über die Klassenzahl abelscher Zahlkörper by Helmut Hasse is now available in English for the first time.The book addresses three main topics: class number formulas for abelian number fields; expressions of the class number of real abelian number fields by the index of the subgroup generated by cyclotomic units; and the Hasse unit index of imaginary abelian number fields, the integrality of the relative class number formula, and the class number parity. Additionally, the book includes reprints of works by Ken-ichi Yoshino and Mikihito Hirabayashi, which extend the tables of Hasse unit indices and the relative class numbers to imaginary abelian number fields with conductor up to 100. The text provides systematic and practical methods for deriving class number formulas, determining the unit index and calculating the class number of abelian number fields. A wealth of illustrative examples, together with corrections and remarks on the original work, make this translation a valuable resource for today’s students of and researchers in number theory.
On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems: Confederated International Conferences: CoopIS, ODBASE, C&TC 2019, Rhodes, Greece, October 21–25, 2019, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #11877)
by Christophe Debruyne Hervé Panetto Robert Meersman Claudio Agostino Ardagna Dave Lewis Martin HeppThis volume LNCS 11877 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Confederated International Conferences: Cooperative Information Systems, CoopIS 2019, Ontologies, Databases, and Applications of Semantics, ODBASE 2019, and Cloud and Trusted Computing, C&TC, held as part of OTM 2019 in October 2019 in Rhodes, Greece. The 38 full papers presented together with 8 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 156 submissions. The OTM program every year covers data and Web semantics, distributed objects, Web services, databases, informationsystems, enterprise workflow and collaboration, ubiquity, interoperability, mobility, grid and high-performance computing.
On the Nature of Charge Density Waves, Superconductivity and Their Interplay in 1T-TiSe₂ (Springer Theses)
by Chuan ChenThis thesis presents analytical theoretical studies on the interplay between charge density waves (CDW) and superconductivity (SC) in the actively studied transition-metal dichalcogenide 1T-TiSe2. It begins by reapproaching a years-long debate over the nature of the phase transition to the commensurate CDW (CCDW) state and the role played by the intrinsic tendency towards excitonic condensation in this system. A Ginzburg-Landau phenomenological theory was subsequently developed to understand the experimentally observed transition from commensurate to incommensurate CDW (ICDW) order with doping or pressure, and the emergence of a superconducting dome that coexists with ICDW. Finally, to characterize microscopically the effects of the interplay between CDW and SC, the spectrum of CDW fluctuations beyond mean-field was studied in detail. In the aggregate, the work reported here provides an encompassing understanding of what are possibly key microscopic underpinnings of the CDW and SC physics in TiSe2.
Open Middle Math: Problems That Unlock Student Thinking, 6-12
by Robert KaplinskyThis book is an amazing resource for teachers who are struggling to help students develop both procedural fluency and conceptual understanding.. --Dr. Margaret (Peg) Smith, co-author of5 Practices for Orchestrating Productive Mathematical Discussions Robert Kaplinsky, the co-creator of Open Middle math problems, brings hisnew class of tasks designed to stimulate deeper thinking and lively discussion among middle and high school students in Open Middle Math: Problems That Unlock Student Thinking, Grades 6-12. The problems are characterized by a closed beginning,- meaning all students start with the same initial problem, and a closed end,- meaning there is only one correct or optimal answer. The key is that the middle is open- in the sense that there are multiple ways to approach and ultimately solve the problem. These tasks have proven enormously popular with teachers looking to assess and deepen student understanding, build student stamina, and energize their classrooms. Professional Learning Resource for Teachers: Open Middle Math is an indispensable resource for educators interested in teaching student-centered mathematics in middle and high schools consistent with the national and state standards. Sample Problems at Each Grade: The book demonstrates the Open Middle concept with sample problems ranging from dividing fractions at 6th grade to algebra, trigonometry, and calculus. Teaching Tips for Student-Centered Math Classrooms: Kaplinsky shares guidance on choosing problems, designing your own math problems, and teaching for multiple purposes, including formative assessment, identifying misconceptions, procedural fluency, and conceptual understanding. Adaptable and Accessible Math: The tasks can be solved using various strategies at different levels of sophistication, which means all students can access the problems and participate in the conversation. Open Middle Math will help math teachers transform the 6th -12th grade classroom into an environment focused on problem solving, student dialogue, and critical thinking.
Open Quantum Systems: A Mathematical Perspective (Tutorials, Schools, and Workshops in the Mathematical Sciences)
by Dorothea Bahns Anke Pohl Ingo WittThis book presents four survey articles on various aspects of open quantum systems, specifically addressing quantum Markovian processes, Feller semigroups and nonequilibrium dynamics. The contributions are based on lectures given by distinguished experts at a summer school in Göttingen, Germany. Starting from basic notions, the authors of these lecture notes accompany the reader on a journey up to the latest research, highlighting new challenges and addressing unsolved problems at the interface between mathematics and physics. Though the book is primarily addressed to graduate students, it will also be of interest to researchers.
OpenIntro Statistics
by David Diez Mine Çetinkaya-Rundel Christopher BarrBlack and white paperback edition, with this new edition released in May 2019. <p><p> The OpenIntro project was founded in 2009 to improve the quality and availability of education by producing exceptional books and teaching tools that are free to use and easy to modify. Our inaugural effort is OpenIntro Statistics. Probability is optional, inference is key, and we feature real data whenever possible. Files for the entire book are freely available at openintro.org, and anybody can purchase a paperback copy from amazon.com for about $20. <p> OpenIntro has grown through the involvement and enthusiasm of our community. Visit our website, openintro.org. We provide videos, labs for R and SAS, teaching resources like slides, and many other helpful resources.
Operational Research: IO 2018, Aveiro, Portugal, September 5-7 (Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics #278)
by Maria João Alves João Paulo Almeida José Fernando Oliveira Alberto Adrego PintoThis book gathers selected contributions by top Portuguese and international researchers in the field of Operations Research, presented at the 19th Congress of APDIO (Portuguese Association of Operational Research). The papers address a broad range of complex real-world problems, which are approached using recent theoretical techniques. Of particular interest are the applications of e.g. linear, nonlinear and mixed-integer programming, multiobjective optimization, metaheuristics and hybrid heuristics, multicriteria decision analysis, data envelopment analysis, clustering techniques and decision support systems, in such varied contexts as: supply chain management, scheduling problems, production management, logistics, energy, finance and healthcare. This conference, organized by APDIO and held in Aveiro, Portugal in September 2018, offered an ideal opportunity to discuss the latest developments in this field and to build new bridges between academic researchers and practitioners. Summarizing the outcomes, this book offers a valuable tool for all researchers, students and practitioners who wish to learn about the latest trends in this field.
Operations Research Proceedings 2018: Selected Papers of the Annual International Conference of the German Operations Research Society (GOR), Brussels, Belgium, September 12-14, 2018 (Operations Research Proceedings)
by Bernard Fortz Martine LabbéThis book gathers a selection of peer-reviewed papers presented at the International Conference on Operations Research (OR 2018), which was held at the Free University of Brussels, Belgium on September 12 - 14, 2018, and was jointly organized by the German Operations Research Society (GOR) and the Belgian Operational Research Society (ORBEL). 575 scientists, practitioners and students from mathematics, computer science, business/economics and related fields attended the conference and presented more than 400 papers in parallel topic streams, as well as special award sessions.The respective papers discuss classical mathematical optimization, statistics and simulation techniques. These are complemented by computer science methods, and by tools for processing data, designing and implementing information systems. The book also examines recent advances in information technology, which allow big data volumes to be processed and enable real-time predictive and prescriptive business analytics to drive decisions and actions. Lastly, it includes problems modeled and treated while taking into account uncertainty, risk management, behavioral issues, etc.
Operator-Adapted Wavelets, Fast Solvers, and Numerical Homogenization: From a Game Theoretic Approach to Numerical Approximation and Algorithm Design (Cambridge Monographs on Applied and Computational Mathematics #35)
by Houman Owhadi Clint ScovelAlthough numerical approximation and statistical inference are traditionally covered as entirely separate subjects, they are intimately connected through the common purpose of making estimations with partial information. This book explores these connections from a game and decision theoretic perspective, showing how they constitute a pathway to developing simple and general methods for solving fundamental problems in both areas. It illustrates these interplays by addressing problems related to numerical homogenization, operator adapted wavelets, fast solvers, and Gaussian processes. This perspective reveals much of their essential anatomy and greatly facilitates advances in these areas, thereby appearing to establish a general principle for guiding the process of scientific discovery. This book is designed for graduate students, researchers, and engineers in mathematics, applied mathematics, and computer science, and particularly researchers interested in drawing on and developing this interface between approximation, inference, and learning.
Opinion Analysis in Interactions: From Data Mining to Human-Agent Interaction
by Chloe ClavelAs time goes on, big companies such as Amazon, Microsoft, Google and Apple become increasingly interested in virtual assistants. The interest and development of social robots has put research into affective and social computing at the forefront of the scene. The aim of Opinion Analysis in Interactions is to present methods based on artificial intelligence through a combination of machine learning models and symbolic approaches. Also discussed are natural language processing and affective computing, via the analysis and generation of socio-emotional signals. The book explores the analysis of opinions in human–human interaction and tackles the less-explored (yet crucial) challenges related to the analysis methods of user opinions within the context of human–agent interaction. It also illustrates the implementation of strategies for selecting and generating agent utterances in response to user opinions, and opens up perspectives on the agent’s multimodal generation of utterances that hold attitudes.
Optimal Control Problems Arising in Forest Management (SpringerBriefs in Optimization)
by Alexander J. ZaslavskiThis book is devoted to the study of optimal control problems arising in forest management, an important and fascinating topic in mathematical economics studied by many researchers over the years. The volume studies the forest management problem by analyzing a class of optimal control problems that contains it and showing the existence of optimal solutions over infinite horizon. It also studies the structure of approximate solutions on finite intervals and their turnpike properties, as well as the stability of the turnpike phenomenon and the structure of approximate solutions on finite intervals in the regions close to the end points. The book is intended for mathematicians interested in the optimization theory, optimal control and their applications to the economic theory.
Optimal Impulsive Control: The Extension Approach (Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences #477)
by Fernando Lobo Pereira Dmitry Karamzin Aram ArutyunovOptimal Impulsive Control explores the class of impulsive dynamic optimization problems—problems that stem from the fact that many conventional optimal control problems do not have a solution in the classical setting—which is highly relevant with regard to engineering applications. The absence of a classical solution naturally invokes the so-called extension, or relaxation, of a problem, and leads to the notion of generalized solution which encompasses the notions of generalized control and trajectory; in this book several extensions of optimal control problems are considered within the framework of optimal impulsive control theory. In this framework, the feasible arcs are permitted to have jumps, while the conventional absolutely continuous trajectories may fail to exist. The authors draw together various types of their own results, centered on the necessary conditions of optimality in the form of Pontryagin’s maximum principle and the existence theorems, which shape a substantial body of optimal impulsive control theory. At the same time, they present optimal impulsive control theory in a unified framework, introducing the different paradigmatic problems in increasing order of complexity. The rationale underlying the book involves addressing extensions increasing in complexity from the simplest case provided by linear control systems and ending with the most general case of a totally nonlinear differential control system with state constraints.The mathematical models presented in Optimal Impulsive Control being encountered in various engineering applications, this book will be of interest to both academic researchers and practising engineers.
Optimierung: Einführung in mathematische Theorie und Methoden (Masterclass)
by Florian Jarre Josef StoerDieses Buch führt in die Theorie und Methoden der stetigen Optimierung ein und zeigt darüber hinaus einige Anwendungen aus der diskreten Optimierung: Als gängige Verfahren für lineare Programme werden die Simplex- und Innere-Punkte-Methode vorgestellt. Im Bereich der nichtrestringierten Optimierung werden neben deterministischen Abstiegsverfahren und Trust-Region-Verfahren auch stochastische Abstiegsverfahren analysiert, die etwa beim maschinellen Lernen zum Einsatz kommen. Nach einer detaillierten Betrachtung der Optimalitätsbedingungen für nichtlineare Optimierungsprobleme mit Nebenbedingungen folgt eine Analyse von Verfahren der erweiterten Lagrangefunktion und ADMM sowie von SQP-Verfahren. Der Hauptteil schließt mit einer Betrachtung von semidefiniten Programmen und deren Anwendungen. Für die zweite Auflage wurden zahlreiche Passagen überarbeitet und mehrere neue Abschnitte zu aktuellen Verfahren und Anwendungen ergänzt. Das Buch basiert auf einer zweisemestrigen Lehrveranstaltung der Autoren und enthält zahlreiche Übungsaufgaben. Es richtet sich an Leser, die Grundkenntnisse in Analysis, linearer Algebra und numerischer Mathematik mitbringen.
Optimierung von Versorgungsnetzen: Mathematische Modellierung und Lösungstechniken
by Lars Schewe Martin SchmidtWie funktioniert der deutsche Strommarkt? Wie bestimmt man die kostengünstigsten aber ausreichend großen Rohre für Wassernetze? Wie entscheidet man, ob bestimmte Mengen Erdgas durch ein Gasnetz transportiert werden können oder nicht? Dieses einführende Lehrbuch zeigt anhand konkreter Fragestellungen aus Strom-, Wasser-, Gas- und Verkehrsnetzen, mit welchen Begriffen und Techniken sich Transportvorgänge in solchen Versorgungsnetzen durch mathematische Modelle beschreiben lassen. Neben den technisch-physikalischen Modellen lernt der Leser Techniken zur Analyse typischer Märkte und Handelsmechanismen im Energiesektor kennen. Für beide Fälle werden die mathematischen Lösungsverfahren ausführlich diskutiert. Dazu werden unter anderem klassische Flusstheorie, Optimalitätsbedingungen, lineare Komplementaritätsprobleme und gemischt-ganzzahlige nichtlineare Optimierungsprobleme behandelt, so dass der Leser automatisch zentrale Tücken ganzzahliger und nichtlinearer Optimierungsprobleme kennenlernt und sich im Umgang mit diesen übt. Das Buch beinhaltet über 50 Übungsaufgaben sowie 5 Projektaufgaben, bei denen konkrete praktische Fragestellungen am Rechner gelöst werden sollen. Vorausgesetzt werden lediglich Vorkenntnisse aus den üblichen Grundvorlesungen der kontinuierlichen und linearen Optimierung (inklusive Dualität). Das Buch ist gut als Grundlage für eine Lehrveranstaltung im Umfang von 4 Semesterwochenstunden plus Übungen im Umfang von etwa 2 Semesterwochenstunden geeignet.
Optimization in Large Scale Problems: Industry 4.0 and Society 5.0 Applications (Springer Optimization and Its Applications #152)
by Panos M. Pardalos Marzieh Khakifirooz Mahdi FathiThis volume provides resourceful thinking and insightful management solutions to the many challenges that decision makers face in their predictions, preparations, and implementations of the key elements that our societies and industries need to take as they move toward digitalization and smartness. The discussions within the book aim to uncover the sources of large-scale problems in socio-industrial dilemmas, and the theories that can support these challenges. How theories might also transition to real applications is another question that this book aims to uncover. In answer to the viewpoints expressed by several practitioners and academicians, this book aims to provide both a learning platform which spotlights open questions with related case studies. The relationship between Industry 4.0 and Society 5.0 provides the basis for the expert contributions in this book, highlighting the uses of analytical methods such as mathematical optimization, heuristic methods, decomposition methods, stochastic optimization, and more. The book will prove useful to researchers, students, and engineers in different domains who encounter large scale optimization problems and will encourage them to undertake research in this timely and practical field. The book splits into two parts. The first part covers a general perspective and challenges in a smart society and in industry. The second part covers several case studies and solutions from the operations research perspective for large scale challenges specific to various industry and society related phenomena.
Oral History and Mathematics Education (History of Mathematics Education)
by Antonio Vicente Marafioti GarnicaThis book presents an innovative method to investigate the history of mathematics education using oral narratives to study different aspects related to the teaching and learning of mathematics. The application of oral history in mathematics education research was first developed as a method in Brazil in the early 2000s as a result of interdisciplinary dialogues between mathematics educators, anthropologists, sociologists, historians, psychologists, artists and philosophers. Since then, this new methodology has attracted the attention of a growing number of researchers. This contributed volume is the first book in English to bring together chapters written by different members of the research group who developed the methodology and to present a comprehensive overview of the theoretical and practical aspects of the use of oral narratives in the study of experiences in mathematics classrooms. Oral History and Mathematics Education will be a useful tool to researchers and educators looking for new methods to study the dynamics of teaching and learning mathematics in the classroom and to develop innovative mathematics teacher education programs. The volume will also be of interest to historians of education since it describes the foundations of both concepts and procedures related to the application of oral history in educational research, always giving examples of studies already conducted and, whenever possible, suggesting possible research exercises.
Ordinary Differential Equations for Engineers: Problems with MATLAB Solutions
by Ali Ümit KeskinThis monograph presents teaching material in the field of differential equations while addressing applications and topics in electrical and biomedical engineering primarily. The book contains problems with varying levels of difficulty, including Matlab simulations. The target audience comprises advanced undergraduate and graduate students as well as lecturers, but the book may also be beneficial for practicing engineers alike.
Orienteering Problems: Models and Algorithms for Vehicle Routing Problems with Profits (EURO Advanced Tutorials on Operational Research)
by Pieter Vansteenwegen Aldy GunawanThis tutorial introduces readers to several variants of routing problems with profits. In these routing problems each node has a certain profit, and not all nodes need to be visited. Since the orienteering problem (OP) is by far the most frequently studied problem in this category of routing problems, the book mainly focuses on the OP. In turn, other problems are presented as variants of the OP, focusing on the similarities and differences. The goal of the OP is to determine a subset of nodes to visit and in which order, so that the total collected profit is maximized and a given time budget is not exceeded.The book provides a comprehensive review of variants of the OP, such as the team OP, the team OP with time windows, the profitable tour problem, and the prize-collecting travelling salesperson problem. In addition, it presents mathematical models and techniques for solving these OP variants and discusses their complexity. Several simple examples and benchmark instances, together with their best-known results, are also included. Finally, the book reviews the latest applications of these problems in the fields of logistics, tourism and others.
Orlicz Spaces and Generalized Orlicz Spaces (Lecture Notes in Mathematics #2236)
by Petteri Harjulehto Peter HästöThis book presents a systematic treatment of generalized Orlicz spaces (also known as Musielak–Orlicz spaces) with minimal assumptions on the generating Φ-function. It introduces and develops a technique centered on the use of equivalent Φ-functions. Results from classical functional analysis are presented in detail and new material is included on harmonic analysis. Extrapolation is used to prove, for example, the boundedness of Calderón–Zygmund operators. Finally, central results are provided for Sobolev spaces, including Poincaré and Sobolev–Poincaré inequalities in norm and modular forms. Primarily aimed at researchers and PhD students interested in Orlicz spaces or generalized Orlicz spaces, this book can be used as a basis for advanced graduate courses in analysis.
Oxford IB Diploma Programme Ib Mathematics: Applications And Interpretation, Standard Level
by Jane Forrest Nadia Stoyanova Kennedy Paula Waldman Suzanne Doering David Harris Jennifer Chang WathallFeaturing a wealth of digital content, this concept-based Print and Enhanced Online Course Book Pack has been developed in cooperation with the IB to provide the most comprehensive support for the new DP Mathematics: applications and interpretation SL syllabus, for first teaching in September 2019. Each Enhanced Online Course Book Pack is made up of one full-colour, print textbook and one online textbook - packed full of investigations, exercises, worksheets, worked solutions and answers, plus assessment preparation support.
Oxford Ib Diploma Programme Ib Mathematics: Analysis And Approaches, Standard Level, Print And Enhanced Online Course Book Pack
by Paul La Rondie Jennifer Chang Wathall Jill Stevens Natasha Awada Ellen Thompson Laurie Buchanan Ed KempFeaturing a wealth of digital content, this concept-based Print and Enhanced Online Course Book Pack has been developed in cooperation with the IB to provide the most comprehensive support for the new DP Mathematics: analysis and approaches SL syllabus, for first teaching in September 2019.