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Demography for Planning and Policy: Australian Case Studies
by Tom Wilson Elin Charles-Edwards Martin BellThis edited collection shows how demographic analysis plays a pivotal role in planning, policy and funding decisions in Australia. Drawing on the latest demographic data and methods, these case studies in applied demography demonstrate that population dynamics underpin the full spectrum of contemporary social, economic and political issues. The contributors harness a range of demographic statistics and develop innovative techniques demonstrating how population dynamics influence issues such as electoral representation, the distribution of government funding, metropolitan and local planning, the provision of aged housing, rural depopulation, coastal growth, ethnic diversity and the well-being of Australia's Indigenous community. Moving beyond simple statistics, the case studies show that demographic methods and models offer crucial insights into contemporary problems and provide essential perspectives to aid efficiency, equity in public policy and private sector planning. Together the volume represents essential reading for students across the social sciences as for policy makers in government and private industry.
The Changing Migrant Composition of Australia’s Population: Past, Present and Future (SpringerBriefs in Population Studies)
by Tom Wilson Jeromey Temple Peter McDonald Ariane Utomo Bianca BrijnathThis book looks at how Australia's migrant population composition is likely to change over coming decades. The book divides Australia's population into 48 countries of birth groupings and projects the birthplace populations out to 2066 according to the range of scenarios. These projections indicate a massive shift in Australia’s migrant composition from a European to an Asian-dominated population over the coming decades—a change which can be interpreted as a third demographic transition. By providing detailed consideration of the implications of the changing population composition, this book is a great resource for academics, government and private sector services.
Logic Essentials
by W. Kent WilsonREA's Essentials provide quick and easy access to critical information in a variety of different fields, ranging from the most basic to the most advanced. As its name implies, these concise, comprehensive study guides summarize the essentials of the field covered. Essentials are helpful when preparing for exams, doing homework and will remain a lasting reference source for students, teachers, and professionals. Logic covers the basic concepts of logic, including sentences, arguments, and the evaluation of arguments. This book will give the reader a clear understanding of sentence logic such as symbolization, semantics, and truth trees by giving concise definitions and examples of each.
Number One Puppy
by Zachary WilsonA story about a little girl going to a dog pound to choose a pet.
Zum Potenzial von Anschauung in der mathematischen Hochschullehre: Eine Untersuchung am Beispiel interaktiver dynamischer Visualisierungen in der Analysis (Essener Beiträge zur Mathematikdidaktik)
by Wieland WilzekDer Übergang von der Schule zur Hochschule im Fach Mathematik stellt viele Studierende vor verschiedene Schwierigkeiten, wobei der veränderte Umgang mit Anschauung eine besondere Herausforderung sein kann. Es ist denkbar, dass eine stärker anschaulich ausgerichtete Hochschulmathematik die Übergangsproblematik abmildert. Das Hauptanliegen dieser Arbeit besteht daher darin, zu klären, welche Rolle Anschauung in der mathematischen Hochschullehre spielen sollte. Dabei liegt der Fokus auf der Lehrveranstaltung Analysis. Zunächst wir eine Definition von Anschauung entwickelt und verschiedene Einsatzarten von Anschauung werden unterschieden, um diese bezüglich ihrer Angemessenheit zu bewerten. Daran anschließend wird ein Vorschlag vorgestellt, wie durch interaktive dynamische Visualisierungen Anschauung in die mathematische Hochschullehre eingebunden werden kann. Abschließend werden in einer empirischen Untersuchung anschauliche Elemente in Beweisprozessen von Studierenden rekonstruiert, deren Lernprozesse durch interaktive dynamische Visualisierungen unterstützt wurden. Die anschaulichen Elemente werden in einer Typologie zusammengefasst und die so gewonnenen Typen bezüglich des Potenzials, welches diese für das Führen von Beweisen bieten, bewertet.
Handbook of Item Response Theory: Volume 1: Models (Chapman & Hall/CRC Statistics in the Social and Behavioral Sciences)
by Wim J. van der LindenDrawing on the work of internationally acclaimed experts in the field, Handbook of Item Response Theory, Volume One: Models presents all major item response models. This first volume in a three-volume set covers many model developments that have occurred in item response theory (IRT) during the last 20 years. It describes models for different response formats or response processes, the need of deeper parameterization due to a multilevel or hierarchical structure of the response data, and other extensions and insights. In Volume One, all chapters have a common format with each chapter focusing on one family of models or modeling approach. An introductory section in every chapter includes some history of the model and a motivation of its relevance. Subsequent sections present the model more formally, treat the estimation of its parameters, show how to evaluate its fit to empirical data, illustrate the use of the model through an empirical example, and discuss further applications and remaining research issues.
Handbook of Item Response Theory: Volume 3: Applications (Chapman & Hall/CRC Statistics in the Social and Behavioral Sciences)
by Wim J. van der LindenDrawing on the work of internationally acclaimed experts in the field, Handbook of Item Response Theory, Volume 3: Applications presents applications of item response theory to practical testing problems. While item response theory may be known primarily for its advances in theoretical modeling of responses to test items, equal progress has been made in its providing innovative solutions to daily testing problems. This third volume in a three-volume set highlights the major applications. Specifically, this volume covers applications to test item calibration, item analysis, model fit checking, test-score interpretation, optimal test design, adaptive testing, standard setting, and forensic analyses of response data. It describes advances in testing in areas such as large-scale educational assessment, psychological testing, health measurement, and measurement of change. In addition, it extensively reviews computer programs available to run any of the models and applications in Volume One and Three. Features Includes contributions from internationally acclaimed experts with a history of advancing applications of item response theory Provides extensive cross-referencing and common notation across all chapters in this three-volume set Underscores the importance of treating each application in a statistically rigorous way Reviews major computer programs for item response theory analyses and applications. Wim J. van der Linden is a distinguished scientist and director of research and innovation at Pacific Metrics Corporation. Dr. van der Linden is also a professor emeritus of measurement and data analysis at the University of Twente. His research interests include test theory, adaptive testing, optimal test assembly, parameter linking, test equating, and response-time modeling as well as decision theory and its applications to problems of educational decision making.
Handbook of Item Response Theory: Three Volume Set (Chapman & Hall/CRC Statistics in the Social and Behavioral Sciences)
by Wim J. van der LindenDrawing on the work of 75 internationally acclaimed experts in the field, Handbook of Item Response Theory, Three-Volume Set presents all major item response models, classical and modern statistical tools used in item response theory (IRT), and major areas of applications of IRT in educational and psychological testing, medical diagnosis of patient-reported outcomes, and marketing research. It also covers CRAN packages, WinBUGS, Bilog MG, Multilog, Parscale, IRTPRO, Mplus, GLLAMM, Latent Gold, and numerous other software tools. A full update of editor Wim J. van der Linden and Ronald K. Hambleton’s classic Handbook of Modern Item Response Theory, this handbook has been expanded from 28 chapters to 85 chapters in three volumes. The three volumes are thoroughly edited and cross-referenced, with uniform notation, format, and pedagogical principles across all chapters. Each chapter is self-contained and deals with the latest developments in IRT.
Handbook of Item Response Theory, Volume Two: Statistical Tools (Chapman & Hall/CRC Statistics in the Social and Behavioral Sciences)
by Wim J. van der LindenDrawing on the work of internationally acclaimed experts in the field, Handbook of Item Response Theory, Volume Two: Statistical Tools presents classical and modern statistical tools used in item response theory (IRT). While IRT heavily depends on the use of statistical tools for handling its models and applications, systematic introductions and reviews that emphasize their relevance to IRT are hardly found in the statistical literature. This second volume in a three-volume set fills this void. Volume Two covers common probability distributions, the issue of models with both intentional and nuisance parameters, the use of information criteria, methods for dealing with missing data, and model identification issues. It also addresses recent developments in parameter estimation and model fit and comparison, such as Bayesian approaches, specifically Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods.
Geographic Data Science with R: Visualizing and Analyzing Environmental Change (Chapman & Hall/CRC Data Science Series)
by Michael C. WimberlyThe burgeoning field of data science has provided a wealth of techniques for analysing large and complex geospatial datasets, including descriptive, explanatory, and predictive analytics. However, applying these methods is just one part of the overall process of geographic data science. Other critical steps include screening for suspect data values, handling missing data, harmonizing data from multiple sources, summarizing the data, and visualizing data and analysis results. Although there are many books available on statistical and machine learning methods, few encompass the broader topic of scientific workflows for geospatial data processing and analysis. The purpose of Geographic Data Science with R is to fill this gap by providing a series of tutorials aimed at teaching good practices for using geospatial data to address problems in environmental geography. It is based on the R language and environment, which currently provides the best option for working with diverse spatial and non-spatial data in a single platform. Fundamental techniques for processing and visualizing tabular, vector, and raster data are introduced through a series of practical examples followed by case studies that combine multiple types of data to address more complex problems. The book will have a broad audience. Both students and professionals can use it as a workbook to learn high-level techniques for geospatial data processing and analysis with R. It is also suitable as a textbook. Although not intended to provide a comprehensive introduction to R, it is designed to be accessible to readers who have at least some knowledge of coding but little to no experience with R. Key Features: Focus on developing practical workflows for processing and integrating multiple sources of geospatial data in R Example-based approach that teaches R programming and data science concepts through real-world applications related to climate, land cover and land use, and natural hazards. Consistent use of tidyverse packages for tabular data manipulation and visualization. Strong focus on analysing continuous and categorical raster datasets using the new terra package Organized so that each chapter builds on the topics and techniques covered in the preceding chapters Can be used for self-study or as the textbook for a geospatial science course.
Nation Building: Why Some Countries Come Together While Others Fall Apart (Princeton Studies in Global and Comparative Sociology)
by Andreas WimmerA new and comprehensive look at the reasons behind successful or failed nation buildingNation Building presents bold new answers to an age-old question. Why is national integration achieved in some diverse countries, while others are destabilized by political inequality between ethnic groups, contentious politics, or even separatism and ethnic war? Traversing centuries and continents from early nineteenth-century Europe and Asia to Africa from the turn of the twenty-first century to today, Andreas Wimmer delves into the slow-moving forces that encourage political alliances to stretch across ethnic divides and build national unity.Using datasets that cover the entire world and three pairs of case studies, Wimmer’s theory of nation building focuses on slow-moving, generational processes: the spread of civil society organizations, linguistic assimilation, and the states’ capacity to provide public goods. Wimmer contrasts Switzerland and Belgium to demonstrate how the early development of voluntary organizations enhanced nation building; he examines Botswana and Somalia to illustrate how providing public goods can bring diverse political constituencies together; and he shows that the differences between China and Russia indicate how a shared linguistic space may help build political alliances across ethnic boundaries.Wimmer then reveals, based on the statistical analysis of large-scale datasets, that these mechanisms are at work around the world and explain nation building better than competing arguments such as democratic governance or colonial legacies. He also shows that when political alliances crosscut ethnic divides and when most ethnic communities are represented at the highest levels of government, the general populace will identify with the nation and its symbols, further deepening national political integration.Offering a long-term historical perspective and global outlook, Nation Building sheds important new light on the challenges of political integration in diverse countries.
Control and Optimization with PDE Constraints (International Series of Numerical Mathematics #164)
by Gregory Von Winckel Karl Kunisch Christian Clason Kristian BrediesMany mathematical models of physical, biological and social systems involve partial differential equations (PDEs). The desire to understand and influence these systems naturally leads to considering problems of control and optimization. This book presents important topics in the areas of control of PDEs and of PDE-constrained optimization, covering the full spectrum from analysis to numerical realization and applications. Leading scientists address current topics such as non-smooth optimization, Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellmann equations, issues in optimization and control of stochastic partial differential equations, reduced-order models and domain decomposition, discretization error estimates for optimal control problems, and control of quantum-dynamical systems. These contributions originate from the "International Workshop on Control and Optimization of PDEs" in Mariatrost in October 2011. This book is an excellent resource for students and researchers in control or optimization of differential equations. Readers interested in theory or in numerical algorithms will find this book equally useful.
Exploring Rating Scale Functioning for Survey Research (Quantitative Applications in the Social Sciences)
by Stefanie A. WindItems with ordered response categories are common in survey research, such as when respondents are asked how much they agree with certain statements. But how large are the differences between categories of response, and how well do they distinguish between respondents? This volume is the first to introduce the evaluation of rating scales to an audience of survey researchers. Evaluating Rating Scale Functioning for Survey Research provides researchers with an overview of rating scale analysis along with practical guidance on how to conduct such analyses with their own survey data. Author Stefanie A. Wind presents three categories of methods: Rasch models; non-Rasch Item Response Theory (IRT) models; and non-parametric models, together with practical examples. Tutorials, datasets, and software code (R and Facets) to accompany the book are available on the book’s website.
Exploring Rating Scale Functioning for Survey Research (Quantitative Applications in the Social Sciences)
by Stefanie A. WindItems with ordered response categories are common in survey research, such as when respondents are asked how much they agree with certain statements. But how large are the differences between categories of response, and how well do they distinguish between respondents? This volume is the first to introduce the evaluation of rating scales to an audience of survey researchers. Evaluating Rating Scale Functioning for Survey Research provides researchers with an overview of rating scale analysis along with practical guidance on how to conduct such analyses with their own survey data. Author Stefanie A. Wind presents three categories of methods: Rasch models; non-Rasch Item Response Theory (IRT) models; and non-parametric models, together with practical examples. Tutorials, datasets, and software code (R and Facets) to accompany the book are available on the book’s website.
Rasch Measurement Theory Analysis in R (Chapman & Hall/CRC The R Series)
by Stefanie Wind Cheng HuaRasch Measurement Theory Analysis in R provides researchers and practitioners with a step-by-step guide for conducting Rasch measurement theory analyses using R. It includes theoretical introductions to major Rasch measurement principles and techniques, demonstrations of analyses using several R packages that contain Rasch measurement functions, and sample interpretations of results. Features: Accessible to users with relatively little experience with R programming Reproducible data analysis examples that can be modified to accommodate users’ own data Accompanying e-book website with links to additional resources and R code updates as needed Features dichotomous and polytomous (rating scale) Rasch models that can be applied to data from a wide range of disciplines This book is designed for graduate students, researchers, and practitioners across the social, health, and behavioral sciences who have a basic familiarity with Rasch measurement theory and with R. Readers will learn how to use existing R packages to conduct a variety of analyses related to Rasch measurement theory, including evaluating data for adherence to measurement requirements, applying the dichotomous, Rating Scale, Partial Credit, and Many-Facet Rasch models, examining data for evidence of differential item functioning, and considering potential interpretations of results from such analyses.
Statistical Approaches to Gene x Environment Interactions for Complex Phenotypes
by Michael WindleFindings from the Human Genome Project and from Genome-Wide Association (GWA) studies indicate that many diseases and traits manifest a more complex genomic pattern than previously assumed. These findings, and advances in high-throughput sequencing, suggest that there are many sources of influence -- genetic, epigenetic, and environmental. This volume investigates the role of the interactions of genes and environment (G × E) in diseases and traits (referred to by the contributors as complex phenotypes) including depression, diabetes, obesity, and substance use. The contributors first present different statistical approaches or strategies to address G × E and G × G interactions with high-throughput sequenced data, including two-stage procedures to identify G × E and G × G interactions, marker-set approaches to assessing interactions at the gene level, and the use of a partial-least square (PLS) approach. The contributors then turn to specific complex phenotypes, research designs, or combined methods that may advance the study of G × E interactions, considering such topics as randomized clinical trials in obesity research, longitudinal research designs and statistical models, and the development of polygenic scores to investigate G × E interactions.ContributorsFatima Umber Ahmed, Yin-Hsiu Chen, James Y. Dai, Caroline Y. Doyle, Zihuai He, Li Hsu, Shuo Jiao, Erin Loraine Kinnally, Yi-An Ko, Charles Kooperberg, Seunggeun Lee, Arnab Maity, Jeanne M. McCaffery, Bhramar Mukherjee, Sung Kyun Park, Duncan C. Thomas, Alexandre Todorov, Jung-Ying Tzeng, Tao Wang, Michael Windle, Min Zhang
Statistical Approaches to Gene x Environment Interactions for Complex Phenotypes
by Michael WindleDiverse methodological and statistical approaches for investigating the role of gene-environment interactions in a range of complex diseases and traits. Findings from the Human Genome Project and from Genome-Wide Association (GWA) studies indicate that many diseases and traits manifest a more complex genomic pattern than previously assumed. These findings, and advances in high-throughput sequencing, suggest that there are many sources of influence—genetic, epigenetic, and environmental. This volume investigates the role of the interactions of genes and environment (G × E) in diseases and traits (referred to by the contributors as complex phenotypes) including depression, diabetes, obesity, and substance use. The contributors first present different statistical approaches or strategies to address G × E and G × G interactions with high-throughput sequenced data, including two-stage procedures to identify G × E and G × G interactions, marker-set approaches to assessing interactions at the gene level, and the use of a partial-least square (PLS) approach. The contributors then turn to specific complex phenotypes, research designs, or combined methods that may advance the study of G × E interactions, considering such topics as randomized clinical trials in obesity research, longitudinal research designs and statistical models, and the development of polygenic scores to investigate G × E interactions. Contributors Fatima Umber Ahmed, Yin-Hsiu Chen, James Y. Dai, Caroline Y. Doyle, Zihuai He, Li Hsu, Shuo Jiao, Erin Loraine Kinnally, Yi-An Ko, Charles Kooperberg, Seunggeun Lee, Arnab Maity, Jeanne M. McCaffery, Bhramar Mukherjee, Sung Kyun Park, Duncan C. Thomas, Alexandre Todorov, Jung-Ying Tzeng, Tao Wang, Michael Windle, Min Zhang
Infinity in Early Modern Philosophy (The\new Synthese Historical Library #76)
by Reed Winegar Ohad NachtomyThis volume contains essays that examine infinity in early modern philosophy. The essays not only consider the ways that key figures viewed the concept. They also detail how these different beliefs about infinity influenced major philosophical systems throughout the era. These domains include mathematics, metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, science, and theology.Coverage begins with an introduction that outlines the overall importance of infinity to early modern philosophy. It then moves from a general background of infinity (before early modern thought) up through Kant. Readers will learn about the place of infinity in the writings of key early modern thinkers. The contributors profile the work of Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz, and Kant. Debates over infinity significantly influenced philosophical discussion regarding the human condition and the extent and limits of human knowledge. Questions about the infinity of space, for instance, helped lead to the introduction of a heliocentric solar system as well as the discovery of calculus. This volume offers readers an insightful look into all this and more. It provides a broad perspective that will help advance the present state of knowledge on this important but often overlooked topic.
How Many Pennies Make A Dollar?
by Rebecca Wingard-NelsonHow many pennies are in a dollar? How many nickels make a dime? In this great book of money combinations, young readers can learn how all of the different denominations of money relate to each other. Free worksheets along with full-color photos and easy-to-read text make this a great way to reinforce math concepts.
Addition Made Easy (Making Math Easy)
by Rebecca Wingard-Nelson Tom LaBaffAre you having trouble with two-digit addition? How about three-digit addition? Does column addition confuse you? Do you wish someone could simply explain the properties of addition? Well, ask no more! In a simple and direct style, Rebecca Wingard-Nelson covers topics such as partial sums, regrouping, and place value. Whether you are learning this information for the first time—on your own or with a tutor—or you would like to review your math skills, this book will be a great choice.
Ready For Subtraction
by Rebecca Wingard-Nelson Tom LaBaffMath is used everywhere, and it is an important part of your life. You use math when you are playing games, cooking food, spending money, telling time, reading music, and doing any other activity that involves numbers. Even finding a television station uses math!
Forecasting from Multi-equation Econometric Micromodels (Contributions to Economics)
by Jerzy Witold WiśniewskiForecasting from multi-equation models has very rarely been the focus in econometric literature. In response, this book presents a range of methodologies to approach this complex field and offers readers essential information on forecasting from multi-equation econometric micromodels.In the twentieth century, significant interest in econometric macromodels emerged. These multi-equation models are mostly systems of interdependent equations, most often used to describe the national economies of various countries. The book analyzes econometric forecasting procedures and illustrates them with empirical examples that are based on real economic (mostly business-derived) data. The procedure of forecast building from systems of interdependent equations is presented for two categories of econometric models: models with a feedback effect and models with closed-loop links between interdependent variables. The forecasts obtained via this technique are compared with the results derived from reduced-form equations of the respective econometric model. The author also generalizes the rules of the reduced-recursive (helical, iterative) procedure application, against the backdrop of the proposed method of forecast building from reduced-form equations of systems of interdependent equations. Given its scope, the book will appeal not only to PhD students and researchers, but also undergraduate students and academics in general.
Stochastic Dynamics in Computational Biology (Frontiers in Applied Dynamical Systems: Reviews and Tutorials #8)
by Stefanie Winkelmann Christof SchütteThe aim of this book is to provide a well-structured and coherent overview of existing mathematical modeling approaches for biochemical reaction systems, investigating relations between both the conventional models and several types of deterministic-stochastic hybrid model recombinations. Another main objective is to illustrate and compare diverse numerical simulation schemes and their computational effort. Unlike related works, this book presents a broad scope in its applications, from offering a detailed introduction to hybrid approaches for the case of multiple population scales to discussing the setting of time-scale separation resulting from widely varying firing rates of reaction channels. Additionally, it also addresses modeling approaches for non well-mixed reaction-diffusion dynamics, including deterministic and stochastic PDEs and spatiotemporal master equations. Finally, by translating and incorporating complex theory to a level accessible to non-mathematicians, this book effectively bridges the gap between mathematical research in computational biology and its practical use in biological, biochemical, and biomedical systems.
Mathematical Mind-Benders (AK Peters/CRC Recreational Mathematics Series)
by Peter WinklerPeter Winkler is at it again. Following the enthusiastic reaction to Mathematical Puzzles: A Connoisseur's Collection, Peter has compiled a new collection of elegant mathematical puzzles to challenge and entertain the reader. The original puzzle connoisseur shares these puzzles, old and new, so that you can add them to your own anthology. This book
Mathematical Puzzles: A Connoisseur's Collection
by Peter WinklerResearch in mathematics is much more than solving puzzles, but most people will agree that solving puzzles is not just fun: it helps focus the mind and increases one's armory of techniques for doing mathematics. Mathematical Puzzles makes this connection explicit by isolating important mathematical methods, then using them to solve puzzles and prove a theorem. Features A collection of the world’s best mathematical puzzles Each chapter features a technique for solving mathematical puzzles, examples, and finally a genuine theorem of mathematics that features that technique in its proof Puzzles that are entertaining, mystifying, paradoxical, and satisfying; they are not just exercises or contest problems.