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Emerging Infectious Uveitis
by Soon-Phaik Chee Moncef KhairallahThis book reviews the various emerging infectious diseases that show a significant association with uveitis, describing and explaining their ocular manifestations with the aid of color illustrations. In addition, it presents brief reports of further emerging infections that are associated with uveitis in rare cases. The coverage is wide ranging, encompassing diverse emerging bacterial, viral, parasitic and fungal infections. Individual chapters are also devoted to important re-emergent diseases such as syphilis and tuberculosis, with the focus on new data on epidemiology, diagnosis and management. Emerging infectious diseases are defined as "those whose incidence in humans has increased within the past two decades or threatens to increase in the near future". Emergence may be due to the spread of a new agent, to the recognition of an infection that has been present in the population but has gone undetected, or to the realization that an established disease has an infectious origin. This book will be an invaluable source of information on all aspects of uveitis in these diseases.
Emerging Non-Clinical Biostatistics in Biopharmaceutical Development and Manufacturing (Chapman & Hall/CRC Biostatistics Series)
by Harry YangThe premise of Quality by Design (QbD) is that the quality of the pharmaceutical product should be based upon a thorough understanding of both the product and the manufacturing process. This state-of-the-art book provides a single source of information on emerging statistical approaches to QbD and risk-based pharmaceutical development. A comprehensive resource, it combines in-depth explanations of advanced statistical methods with real-life case studies that illustrate practical applications of these methods in QbD implementation.
Emerging Technologies for Diagnosing Alzheimer's Disease
by Marianne Boenink Harro Van Lente Ellen MoorsThis book explores international biomedical research and development on the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. It offers timely, multidisciplinary reflections on the social and ethical issues raised by promises of early diagnostics and asks under which conditions emerging diagnostic technologies can be considered a responsible innovation. The initial chapters in this edited volume provide an overview and a critical discussion of recent developments in biomedical research on Alzheimer's disease. Subsequent contributions explore the values at stake in current practices of dealing with Alzheimer's disease and dementia, both within and outside the biomedical domain. Novel diagnostic technologies for Alzheimer's disease emerge in a complex and shifting field, full of controversies. Innovating with care requires a precise mapping of how concepts, values and responsibilities are filled in through the confrontation of practices. In doing so, the volume offers a practice-based approach of responsible innovation that is also applicable to other fields of innovation.
Emerging Technologies in Brachytherapy (Series in Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering)
by William Y. Song Kari Tanderup Bradley PietersBrachytherapy is continuously advancing. Years of accumulated experience have led to clinical evidence of its benefit in numerous clinical sites such as gynecological, prostate, breast, rectum, ocular, and many other cancers. Brachytherapy continues to expand in its scope of practice and complexity, driven by strong academic and commercial research, by advances in competing modalities, and due to the diversity in the political and economic landscape. It is a true challenge for practicing professionals and students to readily grasp the overarching trends of the field, especially of those technologies and innovative practices that are not yet established but are certainly on the rise. Addressing this challenge, Emerging Technologies in Brachytherapy presents a comprehensive collection of chapters on the latest trending/emerging technologies and expert opinions. It is divided into five broad sections: Section I: Physics of Brachytherapy Section II: Imaging for Brachytherapy Guidance Section III: Brachytherapy Suites Section IV: Is Brachytherapy a Competitive Modality? Section V: Vision 20/20: Industry Perspective Each section has a carefully selected collection of chapters, which covers the spectrum of topics in comprehensive detail. By drawing on recognized experts and key opinion leaders from academia and commercial sectors worldwide (100+ contributors), Emerging Technologies in Brachytherapy provides readers with a wealth of relevant information needed to comprehend the rapidly advancing technologies and trends of today and the prospects for the future.
Emerging Zoonoses
by I. W. FongThe book begins with a review of zoonotic pandemics of the past: the "Black Death" or bubonic plague of the Middle Ages, the Spanish Influenza pandemic (derived from avian influenza) of the early 20th century, to the more modern pandemic of AIDS/HIV infection, which originated in Africa from primates. However, the majority of chapters focus on more recent zoonoses, which have been recognized since the late 20th century to the present: #65533; SARS and MERS coronaviruses #65533; New avian influenza viruses #65533; The tick-borne Henan fever virus from China #65533; The tick-borne Heartland virus from the United States #65533; Recently recognized bacterial pathogens, such as Streptococcus suis from pigs. In addition, reemergence of established zoonoses that have expanded their niche are reviewed, such as the spread of Zika virus and Chikungunya virus to the Western Hemisphere, and the emergence and spread of Ebola virus infection in Africa. A chapter is also devoted to an overview of the mechanisms and various types of animals involved in the transmission of diseases to humans, and the potential means of control and prevention. Many endemic and sporadic diseases are still transmitted by animals, through either direct or indirect contact, and zoonoses are estimated to account for about 75% of all new and emerging infectious diseases. It is predicted by public health experts that the next major pandemic of infectious disease will be of animal origin, making Emerging Zoonoses: A Worldwide Perspective a crucial resource to all health care specialists by providing them with much needed information on these zoonotic diseases. iv>
The Encore: A Memoir in Three Acts
by Charity Tillemann-DickThe remarkable true story of acclaimed opera singer Charity Tillemann-Dick, who received not one but two double lung transplants and went from struggling to draw a single breath to singing at the most prestigious venues in the world.Charity Tillemann-Dick was a vivacious young American soprano studying at the celebrated Franz Liszt Academy of Music in Budapest when she received devastating news: her lungs were failing, her heart was three and a half sizes too big, and she would die within five years. Inexplicably, despite her fatal pulmonary condition, she could still sing. Medical experts advised Charity to abandon her musical dreams, but if her time was running out, she wanted to spend it doing what she loved. In just three years, she endured two double lung transplants. Teetering between life and death, she slowly learned to breathe, walk, talk, eat, and sing again. With new lungs and fierce determination, she eventually fell in love, rebuilt her career, and reclaimed her life. Over a decade after her diagnosis, she has a chart-topping album, performs around the globe, and is a leading voice for organ donation. Weaving Charity’s extraordinary tale of triumph with those of opera's greatest heroines, The Encore illuminates the indomitable human spirit. It's the story of confronting devastating challenges with love: the intimate love of a mother for her daughter, a man for a woman, a doctor for her craft, and a singer for her music. Ultimately, grace from God and strangers enabled the work of love to save one young woman's breath and allowed her to reclaim her life.
Encounter with a Commanding Officer
by Charlotte HawkesRules of engagement! Army trauma doctor Major Felicity Delaunay likes the rules and regulations that give structure to her life. But the arrival of maverick hotshot Colonel Ash Stirling is about to turn her world upside down! Ash hasn't overcome his troubled past to get where he is without taking risks, but he never crosses the line. Not with a colleague...no matter how gorgeous! Yet Felicity gets under his skin like no other, and he soon finds himself breaking all his-and her-rules.
The End of Alzheimer's: The First Program to Prevent and Reverse Cognitive Decline
by Dale BredesenA groundbreaking plan to prevent and reverse Alzheimer’s Disease that fundamentally changes how we understand cognitive decline. Everyone knows someone who has survived cancer, but until now no one knows anyone who has survived Alzheimer's Disease. In this paradigm shifting book, Dale Bredesen, MD, offers real hope to anyone looking to prevent and even reverse Alzheimer's Disease and cognitive decline. Revealing that AD is not one condition, as it is currently treated, but three, The End of Alzheimer’s outlines 36 metabolic factors (micronutrients, hormone levels, sleep) that can trigger "downsizing" in the brain. The protocol shows us how to rebalance these factors using lifestyle modifications like taking B12, eliminating gluten, or improving oral hygiene. The results are impressive. Of the first ten patients on the protocol, nine displayed significant improvement with 3-6 months; since then the protocol has yielded similar results with hundreds more. Now, The End of Alzheimer’s brings new hope to a broad audience of patients, caregivers, physicians, and treatment centers with a fascinating look inside the science and a complete step-by-step plan that fundamentally changes how we treat and even think about AD.
The End of Alzheimer's Program: The First Protocol to Enhance Cognition and Reverse Decline at Any Age
by Dale BredesenThe New York Times Best Selling author of The End of Alzheimer's lays out a specific plan to help everyone prevent and reverse cognitive decline or simply maximize brainpower.In The End of Alzheimer's Dale Bredesen laid out the science behind his revolutionary new program that is the first to both prevent and reverse symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. Now he lays out the detailed program he uses with his own patients. Accessible and detailed, it can be tailored to anyone's needs and will enhance cognitive ability at any age.What we call Alzheimer's disease is actually a protective response to a wide variety of insults to the brain: inflammation, insulin resistance, toxins, infections, and inadequate levels of nutrients, hormones, and growth factors. Bredesen starts by having us figure out which of these insults we need to address and continues by laying out a personalized lifestyle plan. Focusing on the Ketoflex 12/3 Diet, which triggers ketosis and lets the brain restore itself with a minimum 12-hour fast, Dr. Bredesen drills down on restorative sleep, targeted supplementation, exercise, and brain training. He also examines the tricky question of toxic exposure and provides workarounds for many difficult problems. The takeaway is that we do not need to do the program perfectly but will see tremendous results if we can do it well enough.With inspiring stories from patients who have reversed cognitive decline and are now thriving, this book shifts the treatment paradigm and offers a new and effective way to enhance cognition as well as unprecedented hope to sufferers of this now no longer deadly disease.
The End of Breast Cancer: A Virus and the Hope for a Vaccine
by Kathleen T.Can a mouse virus cause breast cancer in women? Answering that question has become Dr. Kathleen Ruddy's life’s work. The End of Breast Cancer is the landmark book that gives an extraordinary glimpse into the history of breast cancer research, and the findings that support the theory that the virus that causes breast cancer in mice, and has also been found in rats, cats, dogs, and monkeys plays a significant role in 40-94% of human breast cancer. Researchers contend that we are one step away from having final proof of this. Once we know the cause, then we can move forward to develop a preventative vaccine. The first and only breast cancer specialist to compile this encyclopedic research in one volume, Dr. Ruddy writes: “If there’s a virus that causes breast cancer, and a safe and effective vaccine that can prevent this disease, we need to know about it now, not in another 100 years.” The End of Cancer represents the culmination of Ruddy’s research findings and the breakthroughs that are happening every day to unravel the mystery. We may well witness in our lifetimes the eradication of breast cancer.
Endemic
by Kari Nixon Lorenzo ServitjeThis book develops a new multimodal theoretical model of contagion for interdisciplinary scholars, featuring contributions from influential scholars spanning the fields of medical humanities, philosophy, political science, media studies, technoculture, literature, and bioethics. Exploring the nexus of contagion's metaphorical and material aspects, this volume contends that contagiousness in its digital, metaphorical, and biological forms is a pervasively endemic condition in our contemporary moment. The chapters explore both endemicity itself and how epidemic discourse has become endemic to processes of social construction. Designed to simultaneously prime those new to the discourse of humanistic perspectives of contagion, complicate issues of interest to seasoned scholars of science and technology studies, and add new topics for debate and inquiry in the field of bioethics, Endemic will be of wide interest for researchers and educators.
Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Surgery
by James R. HoweThis book brings together recognized experts in the field to describe their current techniques for the surgical treatment of diseased thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal glands, as well as neuroendocrine tumors of small bowel, pancreas, liver, and skin. For each procedure, indications, operative steps, potential pitfalls and complications, and postoperative management are presented. The clear descriptions coupled with informative and beautiful illustrations will give the reader new perspectives and insights into the anatomy and conduct of these procedures.Endocrine surgery has been an area of special interest to surgeons for well over a century, while the increasing incidence of neuroendocrine tumors has more recently led to greater attention to these neoplasms. Significant advances have been made in a variety of areas, the most recent being the introduction of minimally invasive methods of removing diseased glands, and the improved understanding of the natural history of neuroendocrine tumors.
Endocrine Surgery
by Demetrius Pertsemlidis William B. Inabnet III Michel GagnerThe second edition of Endocrine Surgery is a comprehensive update of the previous edition published in 2003. Edited by three leading authorities in the field of surgical endocrinology, the book encompasses the clinical, imaging, nuclear, molecular, technological and evidence-based principles that are applied in the diagnosis and treatment of all categories of endocrine tumors. Authored by experts from across the globe, this textbook reflects the best international clinical practice and also provides an outstanding educational resource. <P><P>With full color illustrations throughout, the new edition emphasizes contemporary approaches in successive stages including: pituitary endocrine tumors; pathology and pathophysiology of pulmonary neuroendocrine cells; surgery of endocrine tumors of the lungs and thymus; robotic endocrine surgery; molecular testing of thyroid nodules; pediatric surgery for neuroblastoma and ganglioneuroma; multiple endocrine neoplasia; retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy; radionuclide imaging of carcinoid tumors, pancreas and adrenals; serotonin-induced cardiac valvular disease and surgical treatment; multimodal management of primary and metastatic neuroendocrine tumors; pathophysiology and surgery of Type II diabetes; post-bariatric surgery hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia; and surgical management of metabolic syndrome. <P><P>Endocrine Surgery 2e provides the clinician with a definitive resource to reach curative outcomes in the treatment of patients with endocrine pituitary, thyroid, and parathyroid entities. Further coverage of broncho-pulmonary, adrenal, pancreatic, and intestinal neoplasia is also included, making this the definitive textbook on the subject. <P><P> Demetrius Pertsemlidis, MD FACS The Bradley H. Jack Professor of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA <P><P>William B. Inabnet III, MD FACS Professor of Surgery and Chief, Division of Metabolic, Endocrine and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA <P><P>Michel Gagner, M.D. FRCSC, FACS, FASMBS Clinical Professor of surgery, Herbert Wertheim School of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL and Senior consultant, Hôpital du Sacre Coeur, Montreal, Quebec, Canada <P><P>Print Versions of this book also include access to the ebook version.
Endocrinology of the Testis and Male Reproduction
by Ilpo T. Huhtaniemi Manuela SimoniThis book provides a comprehensive overview of endocrinology of the male reproductive system, explaining how it works and how, sometimes, it fails to work. World-class specialists present state of the art knowledge on all aspects, including anatomy, physiology, molecular biology, genetics, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations of testicular diseases, endocrine aspects of andrological and sexual diseases, and therapy. Extensive consideration is given to sexual development, testicular function, the clinical approach to disorders of male reproduction, male hypogonadism, sexual dysfunction, and male infertility. In addition, sociodemographic, psychological, and ethical aspects of male reproductive disorders are discussed. The book is intended as a major reference for endocrinologists, andrologists, and sexologists, as well as basic and clinical scientists. It is published as part of the SpringerReference program, which delivers access to living editions constantly updated through a dynamic peer-review publishing process.
Endodontic Microbiology
by Ashraf F. FouadEndodontic Microbiology, Second Edition presents a comprehensive reference to the microbiology, pathogenesis, management, and healing of endodontic pathosis, emphasizing the importance of biological sciences in understanding and managing endodontic disease and its interaction with systemic health. Provides a major revision to the first book to focus on the problems related to microbes in the root canal and periapical tissues Updates current knowledge in endodontic pathosis, especially regarding next generation sequencing and microbial virulence Presents useful diagrams, images, radiographs, and annotated histological images to illustrate the concepts Emphasizes the importance of biological science in understanding and managing endodontic disease Includes contributions from the leading researchers and educators in the field
Endodontic Prognosis
by Nadia Chugal Louis M. LinThis book serves as a clinical guide to help the practitioner improve endodontic treatment outcomes. It focuses on the various factors affecting the prognosis of endodontic treatments and on their impact on short-term and long-term results. The text incorporates up-to-date knowledge, techniques and treatment protocols. Each chapter has been carefully chosen to address either foundational knowledge or a select aspect of endodontic treatment. The authors analyze the knowledge accumulated from a large number of outcome studies and provide the reader with a critical appraisal indicating the strengths and weaknesses of those studies. This information is then used to make recommendations on how to predict the outcome of the intended treatment. The authors emphasize that the endodontic prognosis is a multifactorial phenomenon, underscoring how various factors, singularly and in combination, influence the treatment outcome. Readers are provided with tools to successfully assess the prognosis of the proposed treatment at the outset and to execute the planned treatment focused on optimal outcome.
Endodontic Treatment, Retreatment, and Surgery
by Bobby PatelThis book provides clear, concise guidance on a range of essential treatment strategies for the provision of reliable endodontic care. Practical clinical procedures are described step by step and key concepts emphasized with the aid of a wealth of high-quality illustrations and photographs. Examples of best practice are documented by means of clinical case examples, and the provision of concise tips and recommendations ensures that the reader will quickly be able to find solutions to any one of the myriad of endodontic challenges with which he or she may be confronted. In addition, the most relevant key literature is reviewed in order to support and reinforce the discussed clinical concepts. The described endodontic treatment strategies are all grounded in a sound scientific evidence base. The book should enable practitioners to manage any endodontic case from first principles and will be of value for both dental practitioners and endodontic trainees/specialists.
The Endometrial Factor: A Reproductive Precision Medicine Approach
by Carlos Simón and Linda C. GiudiceAt the dawn of precision medicine, there is a new opportunity for novel approaches to understand, diagnose and treat endometrial disorders that affect fertility, reproductive outcomes, and women’s health more broadly. Herein, the editors have assembled critically evaluated state-of-the-art chapters presenting basic and clinical knowledge about the human endometrium that impacts or will impact clinical practice. All clinicians and researchers in Reproductive Medicine will find this book useful as a reference and a valuable tool for continued advancement in the understanding and management of the "endometrial factor".
Endoscopy in Liver Disease
by John N. Plevris Peter C. Hayes Patrick S. Kamath Louis-Michel Wong SongLiver disease is an increasingly common cause of mortality, and its management is often complex and challenging. Endoscopy has in recent times undergone a period of rapid progress, with numerous novel and specialized endoscopic modalities that are of increasing value in the investigation and management of the patient with liver disease. As the technology in endoscopy expands, both as a diagnostic and interventional procedure, so does the role of the endoscopist in liver disease. This full colour book and companion website offer a comprehensive guidance as to when, why, and how to perform endoscopy to best manage your patients. Brings together two key areas - liver disease and endoscopy - into one expert clinical textbook Covers the entire spectrum of clinical problems that gastroenterologists and endoscopists face while managing patients with liver disease Includes the latest management guidelines from the key international societies, such as the ASGE, AASLD, EASL and BSG Well illustrated with over 150 high-quality colour images 11 high-quality videos illustrating optimum endoscopy practice, all clearly referenced in the text An indispensable tool for all gastroenterologists, hepatologists and endoscopists, Endoscopy in Liver Disease is perfect for learning how to perform endoscopy safely and effectively in the patient population with liver disorders.
Endovascular Aortic Repair
by Gustavo S. OderichThis text provides a comprehensive, state-of-the art review of complex endovascular aortic techniques. It will serve as a valuable resource for vascular and cardiovascular surgeons, interventionalists, cardiologists, clinicians, bioengineers and researchers with an interest in complex aortic diseases. The book reviews imaging modalities, diagnostic work up and novel endovascular approaches. Technical aspects are provided by experts in the field, with over 600 illustrations and photographs of key steps for each type of procedure. Results of epidemiologic studies and national databases are summarized, as well as large institutional experiences. An evidence-based approach is used for recommendations regarding best therapies. Other highlights of this unique text include: A new, state-of-the-art review on fenestrated, branched and parallel stent-graft techniques from procedure planning to stent design and implantation. A text dedicated to a topic that has been increasingly recognized by vascular specialists as a priority area in aortic management. An updated overview of current designs and future developments. Special attention to technical details of the procedures with use of illustrations. Technical tips on how to get out of problems during these challenging procedures. Endovascular Aortic Repair: Current Techniques with Fenestrated, Branched and Parallel Stent-Grafts will serve as a very useful resource for physicians and researchers dealing with and interested in complex aortic diseases. It will provide a concise yet comprehensive summary of the current status of the field that will help guide patient management and stimulate investigative efforts. All chapters are written by experts in their fields and include the most up to date scientific and clinical information.
Endovascular Interventions
by George D. Dangas Jose M. Wiley Cristina Sanina Peter Faries Ian Del Conde Prakash KrishnanA practical resource covering both elective and emergency procedures for the practicing vascular and endovascular clinician This book provides medical professionals (vascular surgeons, interventional cardiologists, interventional radiologists, endovascular neurologists, vascular medicine specialists) with a reference guide to the most common and accepted approach to endovascular management of peripheral vascular disease. It also addresses urgent interventions in the acute setting of the various vascular beds, and covers emerging areas such as stroke intervention and endovascular treatment of pulmonary embolism and vascular trauma. Edited by a multidisciplinary team, Endovascular Interventions offers in-depth coverage of the field in seven parts: Overview; Supra-Aortic Intervention in High Risk Patients: Innominate, Subclavian, Carotid, Vertebral and Intracranial Interventions; Interventions of the Aorta; Renal and Mesenteric Interventions; Lower Extremity Interventions; Venous Disease; and Vascular Trauma. Each section covers the technical aspects of the procedures as well as the fundamental clinical aspects which are necessary in the evaluation of patients considered for interventions. Chapters feature illustrations, case studies, key learning points, equipment lists, and sample questions and answers which can be used for Board exam practice. Practical review of vascular and endovascular medicine covering both elective and emergency procedures Illustrated, templated chapters provide rapid answers to questions and include case studies, key learning points, and equipment lists Includes sample questions and answers that are handy for Board exam practice Edited by multidisciplinary experts Endovascular Interventions is an excellent review book for all practicing and aspiring vascular and endovascular specialists.
Engaged to the Doctor Sheikh
by Meredith WebberExile or marriage, the choice is hers... Sheikh Tariq al Askeba knows Lila Halliday is trouble... From the moment the Australian pediatric doctor arrives wearing an ancient amulet stolen from his family years before, scandal precedes her. Lila is stunned to discover the sordid history of her birth mother's pendant. She came to Karuba to discover her true heritage, not set the whole palace in uproar!Knowing there's no other way to quell the upheaval, Tariq gives her a shocking ultimatum: leave...or become his desert bride!
English Rose for the Sicilian Doc
by Annie ClaydonUncovering a sizzling attraction... Burned in love, Dr. Matteo Di Salvo knows he should stay away from single mother Rose Palmer. But as he gets to know the beautiful English archaeologist, he longs to chase the shadows from her eyes... Rose is drawn to the handsome radiologist, though after her disastrous marriage, getting emotionally entangled is out of the question! But as the sun-drenched island of Sicily works its magic, she wonders if she's finally found a man she can trust...with her heart and her son.
Enhancer RNAs
by Ulf Andersson ØromThis volume provides a comprehensive overview of the experimental and computational methodologies used to study the function of long non-coding RNA (ncRNAs) expressed from enhancers. Chapter detail both wet-lab and dry-lab techniques and annotating long ncRNAs and exploring transcription by assessing where transcription starts and generally how it occurs.Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Enhancer RNAs: Methods and Protocols aims to ensure successful results in this rapidly developing field.
Enhancing BioWatch Capabilities Through Technology and Collaboration: Proceedings of a Workshop
by National Academies of Sciences Engineering MedicineThe Department of Homeland Security’s (DHS’s) BioWatch program aims to provide an early indication of an aerosolized biological weapon attack. The first generation of BioWatch air samplers were deployed in 2003. The current version of this technology, referred to as Generation 2 (Gen-2), uses daily manual collection and testing of air filters from each monitor, a process that can take 12 to 36 hours to detect the presence of biological pathogens. Until April 2014, DHS pursued a next-generation autonomous detection technology that aimed to shorten the time from sample collection to detection to less than 6 hours, reduce the cost of analysis, and increase the number of detectable biological pathogens. Because of concerns about the cost and effectiveness of the proposed Generation 3 system (Gen-3), DHS cancelled its acquisition plans for the next-generation surveillance system. In response to the cancellation announcement, Congress asked the Government Accountability Office (GAO) to conduct a review of the program and the proposed system enhancements that would have been incorporated in BioWatch Gen-3. However, Mike Walter, BioWatch Program manager, Office of Health Affairs, DHS, said that DHS did not agree with all of GAO’s characterizations of the BioWatch program efforts described in this review. In response to this, DHS requested that the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine conduct a workshop to further explore the findings of the 2015 GAO report and discuss the impact these findings may have with regard to the future development of the technical capabilities of the BioWatch program. Workshop participants also discussed existing and possible collaborations between BioWatch, public health laboratories, and other stakeholders that could contribute to the enhancement of biosurveillance capabilities at the federal, state, and local levels. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.