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A Case-Based Guide to Neuromuscular Pathology
by Lan Zhou Dennis K. Burns Chunyu CaiThis book provides a practical guide to the field of neuromuscular pathology including muscle, peripheral nerve, and skin biopsies with biopsy interpretation. Divided into three parts, the book begins with introductory chapters that review muscle, nerve, and skin biopsy indications and procedures, normal muscle and nerve histology, and common muscle and nerve pathology. The 28 myopathy case chapters in Part 2 and 11 neuropathy case chapters in Part 3 illustrate the clinical and pathological features of many neuromuscular diseases, demonstrate the indications and utilities of biopsies, discuss clinical and pathological differential diagnosis, update the individual disease management, and summarize pertinent clinical and pathology pearls for each case. A Case-Based Guide to Neuromuscular Pathology will function as an indispensable reference for neurologists and pathologists looking to understand the utility of muscle, nerve, and skin biopsies. This book will also aid neurology residents, neuromuscular fellows and neuropathology fellows in preparing for questions related to the muscle and nerve pathology in their in-service and board exams.
Ion Channels in Biophysics and Physiology (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology #1349)
by Lei ZhouThis book gathers relatively recent and significant topics in the field of ion channel research. Ion channels form the molecular basis for membrane excitability in cells from the cardiovascular and nervous systems. In many non-excitable cells, ion channels contribute to diverse function including secretion of signaling compounds like hormones and insulin, cell volume regulation, intracellular signaling especially Ca2+ signaling, etc. Many human diseases have been attributed to abnormal channel functions and defective membrane expression of channel proteins. On the other hand, ion channels are excellent models for studying protein biophysics, especially the allosteric regulation of protein function by miscellaneous stimuli. Therefore, researches on ion channels carry significant meaning for the understanding of basic protein biophysics and diverse physiological functions and for developing novel and effective treatment for related human diseases. This book could provide graduates and scientists in both basic and clinical levels, a comprehensive understanding of cutting-edge advances and a useful and stimulating platform for tackling their own questions about ion channels.
Knowledge Sharing in Chinese Hospitals
by Lihong Zhou José Miguel Baptista NunesThis book aims to identify, understand and qualify barriers to the patient-centred knowledge sharing (KS) in interprofessional practice of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Western Medicine (WM) healthcare professionals in Chinese hospitals. This collaboration is particularly crucial and unique to China since, contrary to Western practice, these two types of professionals actually work together complimentary in the same hospital. This study adopted a Grounded Theory approach as the overarching methodology to guide the analysis of the data collected in a single case-study design. A public hospital in central China was selected as the case-study site, at which 49 informants were interviewed by using semi-structured and evolving interview scripts. The research findings point to five categories of KS barriers: contextual influences, hospital management, philosophical divergence, Chinese healthcare education and interprofessional training. Further conceptualising the research findings, it is identified that KS is mostly prevented by philosophical and professional tensions between the two medical communities. Therefore, to improve KS and reduce the effects of the identified barriers, efforts should be made targeted at resolving both types of tensions. The conclusion advocates the establishment of national policies and hospital management strategies aimed at maintaining equality of the two medical communities and putting in place an interprofessional common ground to encourage and facilitate communication and KS.
Large-Scale Annotation of Biomedical Data and Expert Label Synthesis and Hardware Aware Learning for Medical Imaging and Computer Assisted Intervention: International Workshops, LABELS 2019, HAL-MICCAI 2019, and CuRIOUS 2019, Held in Conjunction with MICCAI 2019, Shenzhen, China, October 13 and 17, 2019, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #11851)
by Luping Zhou Nicholas Heller Yiyu Shi Yiming Xiao Raphael Sznitman Veronika Cheplygina Diana Mateus Emanuele Trucco X. Sharon Hu Danny Chen Matthieu Chabanas Hassan Rivaz Ingerid ReinertsenThis book constitutes the refereed joint proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Large-Scale Annotation of Biomedical Data and Expert Label Synthesis, LABELS 2019, the First International Workshop on Hardware Aware Learning for Medical Imaging and Computer Assisted Intervention, HAL-MICCAI 2019, and the Second International Workshop on Correction of Brainshift with Intra-Operative Ultrasound, CuRIOUS 2019, held in conjunction with the 22nd International Conference on Medical Imaging and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2019, in Shenzhen, China, in October 2019. The 8 papers presented at LABELS 2019, the 5 papers presented at HAL-MICCAI 2019, and the 3 papers presented at CuRIOUS 2019 were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The LABELS papers present a variety of approaches for dealing with a limited number of labels, from semi-supervised learning to crowdsourcing. The HAL-MICCAI papers cover a wide set of hardware applications in medical problems, including medical image segmentation, electron tomography, pneumonia detection, etc. The CuRIOUS papers provide a snapshot of the current progress in the field through extended discussions and provide researchers an opportunity to characterize their image registration methods on newly released standardized datasets of iUS-guided brain tumor resection.
Prostate Biopsy Interpretation: An Illustrated Guide
by Ming Zhou Rajal B. ShahThis book covers all the practical issues related to the interpretation of prostatic biopsies in day-to-day practice, including: biopsy sampling and processing; the diagnosis of limited cancer; differentiation of prostate cancers from benign lesions and recognition of histologic variants; the recognition and clinical significance of "atypical" diagnoses and HGPIN; the identification of recently described entities; the contemporary approach to Gleason grading; the utility of immunohistochemical markers and emerging molecular markers; and the reporting of prostate biopsies. Algorithms, flow charts, and tables are used throughout to simulate the thought and decision-making process upon encountering common clinical scenarios during sign-out of prostate biopsy. The book is richly illustrated with carefully selected, high-quality color images and will appeal especially to practicing surgical pathologists as well as pathology residents and fellows in training.
Prostate Biopsy Interpretation: An Illustrated Guide
by Ming Zhou Rajal B. ShahThis book retains the core contents of the successful first edition and covers all the practical issues related to prostate biopsy diagnosis in day-to-day practice. It uses abundant algorithms, flow charts, and tables to simulate a pathologist’s thought process and assist decision making during evaluation of prostate biopsies. Chapters address the most effective ways to evaluate a prostate biopsy and how to formulate a diagnostic approach upon encountering a specific clinical problem. Pertinent new information is incorporated in all chapters, particularly in how novel diagnostic tools such as MRI and genomic tests may affect prostate biopsy practice and diagnosis. An entirely new chapter on pattern-based approaches to prostate biopsy interpretation has been added.The second edition of Prostate Biopsy Interpretation: An Illustrated Guide is not meant to be an all-encompassing, definitive bibliography of pathology of prostate cancer. Instead, it provides practicing surgical pathologists and trainees a quick and handy reference for all the practical issues relevant to day-to-day interpretation of prostate biopsy.
Practical Genitourinary Pathology: Frequently Asked Questions (Practical Anatomic Pathology)
by Ming Zhou Ximing J. YangThis book serves as a practical guide and provides updates in Genitourinary (GU) Pathology. By using a “Questions and Answers” format, it addresses frequently encountered diagnostic challenges in daily practice for pathologists. Emphasis is placed on diagnosis and differential diagnosis based on morphological characteristics, clinicopathologic correlation, and interpretation of immunohistochemical and other ancillary tests. Concise answers to each question are provided by experts in the field accompanied by ample high quality illustrations and updated references. This book includes common and rare benign and malignant conditions in the GU system, covering the entire genitourinary system including the prostate, kidney, bladder, testis, urethra, ureter, penis and adrenal. It also reviews current topics, controversies and diagnostic dilemmas in diagnostic GU pathology. Practical Genitourinary Pathology serves as a quick reference for busy practicing pathologists, pathologists in training, urologists, medical students, and other physicians with questions of genitourinary conditions.
Computational Peptidology (Methods in Molecular Biology #1268)
by Peng Zhou Jian HuangIn this volume expert researchers detail in silico methods widely used to study peptides. These include methods and techniques covering the database, molecular docking, dynamics simulation, data mining, de novo design and structure modeling of peptides and protein fragments. Chapters focus on integration and application of technologies to analyze, model, identify, predict, and design a wide variety of bioactive peptides, peptide analogues and peptide drugs, as well as peptide-based biomaterials. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Computational Peptidology seeks to aid scientists in the further study into this newly rising subfield.
Atlas of Digestive Endoscopic Resection
by Pinghong Zhou Liqing Yao Xinyu QinDigestive Endoscopic Resection provides a minimally invasive method of diagnosing and treating gastrointestinal cancer. This book contains a comprehensive and detailed introduction to this technique. It includes preoperative preparation, surgical methods, intraoperative complications and postoperative management of advanced endoscopic procedures. It mainly focuses on endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and endoscopic submucosal tunneling technologies, such as peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) and submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection (STER). This book presents essential surgical steps and diagnostic illustrations of these fast developing techniques. It provides a theoretical basis and valuable technical guidance for experts to perform ESD and summarizes this new treatment of gastrointestinal disease not only early cancers but also other gastrointestinal disorders including esophageal achalasia, etc. The Atlas of Digestive Endoscopic Resection will serve as an ideal reference for physicians and surgeons involved in endoscopic minimally invasive surgery. Editors Pinghong Zhou, Liqing Yao and Xinyu Qin are professors at Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Multimodality Imaging: For Intravascular Application
by Qifa Zhou Zhongping ChenThis book provides a state-of-the-art overview of the combined use of imaging modalities to obtain important functional and morphological information on intravascular disease and enhance disease detection. It discusses the integration of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS, intravascular optical coherence tomography (OCT), intravascular photoacoustic imaging (IVPA) and acoustic radiation force optical coherence elastography (ARF-OCE), and introduces the integration of multimodality imaging systems, such as IR and florescence. It includes the latest research advances and numerous imaging photos to offer readers insights into current intravascular applications. It is a valuable resource for students, scientists and physicians wanting to gain a deeper understanding of multimodality imaging tools.
Cytochrome P450 2D6: Structure, Function, Regulation and Polymorphism
by Shufeng ZhouCytochromes are proteins that catalyze electron transfer reactions of well-known metabolic pathways and are classified in various superfamilies. The CYP, or P450, superfamily accounts for 90% of the oxidative metabolism of clinical drugs. One member of this superfamily, P450 2D6 (or CYP2D6), singlehandedly metabolizes about 25% of all medications in the human liver. Cytochrome P450 2D6: Structure, Function, Regulation, and Polymorphism reviews the current knowledge of CYP2D6 as well as the maturing body of evidence indicating its significance to clinical and pharmacological researchers and practitioners. This book focuses on the critical role CYP2D6 plays in the human liver. It examines the genetic, epigenetic, physiological, pathological, and structural factors of the gene that govern the highly variable metabolism of a number of drugs in clinical use. It highlights the impact of the functional roles of CYP2D6 on clinical practice and drug development and also discusses implications for precise medicine, strategies to avoid adverse drug reactions, and paths for future research. Cytochrome P450 2D6 is a unique, valuable book focusing on a single but immensely powerful human gene. It provides the first single source of comprehensive information on CYP2D6 that serves as an important reference for medical, biomedical, pharmaceutical, and nursing researchers, practitioners, and students.
Mammalian Cell Cultures for Biologics Manufacturing
by Weichang Zhou Anne KantardjieffVolumes are organized topically and provide a comprehensive discussion of developments in the respective field over the past 3-5 years. The series also discusses new discoveries and applications. Special volumes are dedicated to selected topics which focus on new biotechnological products and new processes for their synthesis and purification. In general, special volumes are edited by well-known guest editors. The series editor and publisher will however always be pleased to receive suggestions and supplementary information. Manuscripts are accepted in English.
Oncoplastic surgery
by Xiao Zhou Yilin Cao Wei WangThis book introduces oncoplastic surgery as an interdisciplinary branch of oncological surgery that integrates theories and technologies in oncological surgery, plastic surgery and microsurgery with characteristics of planned radical resection of tumors and one-stage repair and reconstruction of surgical defects on the basis of multidisciplinary treatment (MDT) of tumors. Consisting of 23 chapters, the book covers a range of surgical topics related to oncoplastic surgery in clinical disciplines, with a focus on oncology surgery, plastic surgery, microsurgery, vascular surgery, otolaryngology-head and neck surgery, neurosurgery, oral and maxillofacial surgery, breast surgery, urinary surgery, gynecologic oncology, bone surgery, thoracic surgery and abdominal surgery. In most of the surgical cases oncology surgery is combined with plastic surgery. The book summarizes the basic theories and clinical experiences in oncoplastic surgery, focusing on repair and aesthetic reconstruction after tumor removal, which increases patients' survival rate and significantly improves their quality of life. It is a valuable reference resource for tumor surgeons, plastic surgeons, head and neck surgeons, breast surgeons as well as surgeons in other relevant fields.
Statistical Methods in Diagnostic Medicine
by Xiao-Hua Zhou Nancy A. Obuchowski Donna K. McclishA new edition of the cutting-edge guide to diagnostic tests in medical research In recent years, a considerable amount of research has focused on evolving methods for designing and analyzing diagnostic accuracy studies. Statistical Methods in Diagnostic Medicine, Second Edition continues to provide a comprehensive approach to the topic, guiding readers through the necessary practices for understanding these studies and generalizing the results to patient populations. Following a basic introduction to measuring test accuracy and study design, the authors successfully define various measures of diagnostic accuracy, describe strategies for designing diagnostic accuracy studies, and present key statistical methods for estimating and comparing test accuracy. Topics new to the Second Edition include: Methods for tests designed to detect and locate lesions Recommendations for covariate-adjustment Methods for estimating and comparing predictive values and sample size calculations Correcting techniques for verification and imperfect standard biases Sample size calculation for multiple reader studies when pilot data are available Updated meta-analysis methods, now incorporating random effects Three case studies thoroughly showcase some of the questions and statistical issues that arise in diagnostic medicine, with all associated data provided in detailed appendices. A related web site features Fortran, SAS®, and R software packages so that readers can conduct their own analyses. Statistical Methods in Diagnostic Medicine, Second Edition is an excellent supplement for biostatistics courses at the graduate level. It also serves as a valuable reference for clinicians and researchers working in the fields of medicine, epidemiology, and biostatistics.
Tropical Diseases in China: Schistosomiasis (Public Health in China #5)
by Xiao-Nong ZhouThis book introduces the changing patterns of schistosomiasis transmission in China at different stages. Arduous efforts have been made in the last 7 decades to control and eliminate schistosomiasis in China using various control strategies, such as snail control to reduce the intensity of the disease transmission, morbidity control to reduce disease prevalence, and integrated control strategies to block the disease transmission, supported by governments at different levels. This book also presents the scientific progresses which technically support the control and surveillance of schistosomiasis in the field. It summarizes the working mechanism and control strategies of multi-sectoral collaboration to promote the national control programme leading to schistosomiasis elimination eventually.
Atlas of Oral Microbiology: From Healthy Microflora To Disease
by Xuedong Zhou Yuqing LiThis book is the second edition of Atlas of Oral Microbiology: From Healthy Microflora to Disease (ISBN 978-0-12-802234-4), with two new features: we add about 60 pictures of 14 newly isolated microbes from human dental plaque, at the same time, we re-organize the content of this book and provide more research progress about the oral microbiome bank of China, the invasion of oral microbiota into the gut, and the relationships between Oral Microflora and Human Diseases. This book is keeping up with the advanced edge of the international research field of oral microbiology. It innovatively gives us a complete description of the oral microbial systems according to different oral ecosystems. It collects a large number of oral microbial pictures, including cultural pictures, colonies photos, and electron microscopy photos. It is by far the most abundant oral microbiology atlas consists of the largest number of pictures. In the meantime, it also described in detail a variety of experimental techniques, including microbiological isolation, culture, and identification. It is an atlas with strong practical function. The editors and writers of this book have long been engaged in teaching and research work in oral microbiology and oral microecology. This book deserves a broad audience, and it will meet the needs of researchers, clinicians, teachers, and students major in biology, dental medicine, basic medicine, or clinical medicine. It can also be used to facilitate teaching and international academic exchanges.
Principles of Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty
by Yixin Zhou Jing Tang Hongyi ShaoThis book covers pertinent principles and practical surgical techniques related to primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) including complex cases. Written by experienced hip and knee surgeons, this book introduces the basic concepts of THA, helping the reader understand the basic science and history of THA. More chapters cover the preoperative planning and preparation, exposure using the various approaches, together with tips and tricks to position implants properly. Navigation-guided and robotic THA techniques are also included. Complications related to surgery, such as leg-length discrepancy, periprosthetic infections and fractures, hip instability, and deep vein thrombosis, are further discussed. Complex situations in specific diseases and pathology, such as rheumatoid hip arthritis, ankylosis spondylitis, and post-traumatic arthritic hip diseases are demonstrated.
Sonomyography: Dynamic and Functional Assessment of Muscle Using Ultrasound Imaging (Series in BioEngineering)
by Yongjin Zhou Yong-Ping ZhengThis book explains the exciting field of sonomyography (SMG), which makes it possible to use continuous signals detected by ultrasound images in real time to evaluate muscle functions. After an introduction, the book discusses the methods to extract and analyse different SMG signals, including muscle thickness, penetration angle, fascicle length, contraction activity, and muscle cross-sectional areas, etc. It then describes the mono-modal applications of sonomyography: posture recognition, prosthesis control, muscle training, muscle strength (fall risk assessment), fatigue assessment, and the assessment of dysfunctional muscles. The book also shows how to combine sonomyography with additional muscle assessment methods, in particular EMG, MMG, and motion sensors. Lastly, it provides an overview of the potential applications in sport science, rehabilitation, fitness, and elderly health.
Opsin-free Optogenetics: Technology and Applications (Methods in Signal Transduction Series)
by Yubin Zhou Kai ZhangOptogenetics represents a breakthrough technology capable of dynamically modulating molecular and cellular activity in live cells with high precision. This transformative technology made it possible to reversibly interrogate protein actions, cellular events, and animal behaviors with a simple flash of light. Manipulating the temporal and spatial profile of light enabled precise control of membrane potentials. This feature has inspired non-opsin-based optogenetics, which not only inherits the precise spatiotemporal resolution but also expands the targets into a diverse pool of biomolecules such as membrane receptors, ion channels, kinases, GTPases, and transcription factors. This book is unique because it emphasizes the design and applications of opsin-free optogenetic tools. Key Features Describes new developments in non-opsin-based optogenetic tools Introduces cutting-edge methods for precise modulation of cell signaling Highlights applications of optogenetic regulation of cellular functions Covers contributions from an international team of leading experts Related Titles Lim, W. & B. Mayer – Cell Signaling (ISBN 9780815342441) Ayyanathan, K., ed. – Cancer Cell Signaling: Targeting Signaling Pathways Toward Therapeutic Approaches to Cancer (ISBN 9781774630839) Zhang , J. et al., eds. – Optical Probes in Biology (ISBN 9781138199934)
Acupuncture Therapeutics
by Bing Zhu Hongcai WangAcupuncture can be a very effective way of strengthening the body's resistance to illness, and of eliminating potentially harmful pathogens. This book provides a complete overview of the principles involved in distinguishing between different syndromes of illness in patients, and of selecting and administering appropriate treatments. The book describes the functions of acupuncture within the wider context of traditional Chinese medicine, and explains the principles involved in identifying and treating different illnesses and complaints. A large portion of the book is devoted to describing how to diagnose and treat more than 130 different conditions, including headaches and angina, asthma, depressive disorders, dementia, and acne. This comprehensive textbook, compiled by the prestigious China Beijing International Acupuncture Training Center (CBIATC), under the editorial directorship of leading Chinese practitioners Zhu Bing and Wang Hongcai, is an invaluable reference for the advanced student or practitioner of traditional Chinese medicine.
Basic Theories of Traditional Chinese Medicine
by Bing Zhu Hongcai WangTraditional Chinese medicine has a long and complex history, yet the basic principles at the heart of practice have remained the same for hundreds of years. Without a solid understanding of these fundamental theories, effective practice is impossible, and this book provides a complete introduction to everything that students and practitioners, both new and experienced, need to know. The book describes and explains all of the fundamental principles of Traditional Chinese Medicine, including yin/yang, the five elements, the 'zang and fu' organs, Zang Xiang, Qi, and the meridians and collaterals of the body. Explaining not only the principles upon which these elements work, but also how they interrelate, the book describes how they can be used in practice to identify, treat and prevent ill-health and disease. This thorough and accessible textbook, compiled by the China Beijing International Acupuncture Training Center (CBIATC), under the editorial directorship of leading Chinese clinicians Zhu Bing and Wang Hongcai, is essential reading for students of traditional Chinese medicine, and is also a useful basic reference for TCM practitioners.
Case Studies from the Medical Records of Leading Chinese Acupuncture Experts
by Bing Zhu Hongcai WangThe ability to apply complex theory to practice is a vital skill for acupuncturists. Case studies and medical records are an extremely useful resource for understanding how to differentiate between different syndromes, and provide invaluable precedents for deciding upon appropriate methods of diagnosis and treatment. This book presents a collection of real case studies of patients who have been treated by prominent acupuncture practitioners in China. The case studies are divided into five sub-categories of disease, and include information on the patient's medical history, presenting complaint, symptoms, tongue and pulse examination, diagnosis, treatment, and prescription as well as the Western diagnosis. More than 170 different case studies are included in the book, covering 73 different types of syndromes and disease. A useful appendix with the Chinese and English names for these syndromes is also included. Compiled by leading experts at the China Beijing International Acupuncture Training Center (CBIATC), under the editorial direction of leading Chinese clinicians Zhu Bing and Wang Hongcai, this book is a useful reference for acupuncture practitioners and students at all levels.
Diagnostics of Traditional Chinese Medicine
by Bing Zhu Hongcai WangThe principles and practice of diagnostics are key to administering effective treatment in traditional Chinese medicine. The ability to recognise and diagnose symptoms and complaints correctly is fundamental to deciding on appropriate remedies, and this book provides a comprehensive introduction to all the principles that students and practitioners need to know. The authors outline the key methods used in diagnosis, and describe the eight basic categories of ailment and disease: yin and yang, exterior and interior, cold and heat, and deficiency and excess. They provide detailed instructions on how to identify and rebalance the relative strengths of pathogens and Qi in the body, and how to differentiate between syndromes that might look the same, using traditional Chinese medicine methods. The book concludes with useful forms for completion in taking a diagnosis. Combining practical instruction with detailed theory, this authoritative textbook, compiled by the China Beijing International Acupuncture Training Center (CBIATC), under the editorial direction of leading Chinese clinicians Zhu Bing and Wang Hongcai, is an excellent reference for students and practitioners at all levels.
Meridians and Acupoints
by Bing Zhu Hongcai WangAn in-depth understanding of the meridians and acupoints lies at the heart of effective practice in traditional Chinese medicine. This book outlines everything that practitioners and students need to know. The book explains how meridians relate to the major organs, where they are located in the body, and how they are linked to the healthy flow of Qi and blood. A large section of the book is devoted to descriptions of specific acupoints - their names, how to locate them, an introduction to the symptoms they can be used to treat, and how. Also included is a thorough introduction to the basics of acupuncture practice, including how to prepare a patient prior to treatment, how to insert and manipulate acupuncture needles, how and when to use moxibustion and cupping techniques, and what to do if treatment goes wrong. This useful and authoritative textbook, compiled by the China Beijing International Acupuncture Training Centre (CBIATC), under the editorial direction of leading Chinese clinicians Zhu Bing and Wang Hongcai, is essential reading for students of traditional Chinese medicine, and an excellent reference for acupuncture practitioners at all levels.
Sudden Death: Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment
by Haiyan ZhuThis book provides up-to-date guidance on the diagnosis and treatment of sudden death, including sudden cardiac and non-cardiac death. Sudden death (SD) has become a major challenge confronting not only cardiologists, but also specialists in respiratory medicine, endocrine medicine, infectious diseases, etc. Chronic diseases are also among the causes of SD. This book summarizes the occurrence of SD, especially in specific groups (such as women, young and middle-aged groups), its causes, predisposing factors, lifestyle, morbidity, point of care testing, and advanced treatment methods including extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation, cardiopulmonary resuscitation and hypothermia treatment. In order to improve the early diagnosis, prevention and treatment of SD in clinical practice, the book also provides extensive data on its pathophysiological mechanism, epidemiology and etiology, together with detailed analyses.