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Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Fourth Edition: A Handbook for Diagnosis and Treatment
by Russell A. BarkleyWidely regarded as the standard clinical reference, this volume provides the best current knowledge about attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children, adolescents, and adults. The field's leading authorities address all aspects of assessment, diagnosis, and treatment, including psychological therapies and pharmacotherapy. Core components of ADHD are elucidated. The volume explores the impact of the disorder across a wide range of functional domains--behavior, learning, psychological adjustment, school and vocational outcomes, and health. All chapters conclude with user-friendly Key Clinical Points. New to This Edition *Reflects significant advances in research and clinical practice. *Expanded with many new authors and new topics. *Chapters on cutting-edge interventions: social skills training, dietary management, executive function training, driving risk interventions, complementary/alternative medicine, and therapies for adults. *Chapters on the nature of the disorder: neuropsychological aspects, emotional dysregulation, peer relationships, child- and adult-specific domains of impairment, sluggish cognitive tempo, and more.
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Adults and Children
by Lenard A. Adler Thomas J. Spencer Timothy E. Wilens Lenard A. Adler Thomas J. SpencerAttention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a chronic neurobehavioral disorder characterized by persistent and often acute distractibility, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It is a condition usually associated with children but in recent years the diagnosis of ADHD in adults has risen significantly. ADHD often coexists with a wide array of other psychiatric illnesses, including depression and bipolar disorder, thus complicating its assessment and management. In Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Adults and Children, a team of world renowned experts bring together the recent research in this area and cover the history, diagnosis, epidemiology, comorbidity, neuroimaging, and a full spectrum of clinical options for the management of ADHD. The wide ranging, detailed coverage in this text will be of interest to psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, coaches, physicians, or anyone who wants to develop a deeper understanding of the etiology, characteristics, developmental process, diagnostics, and range of treatment modalities.
Aufmerksamkeit und Handlungssteuerung: Grundlagen für die Anwendung
by Hermann J. Müller Joseph Krummenacher Torsten SchubertSelektive Aufmerksamkeit ist die Fähigkeit, relevante Informationen auszuwählen und nicht relevante oder störende zu ignorieren. Diese selektive Aufmerksamkeit spielt sowohl bei der Interaktionen mit anderen Menschen, der Bewegung in der Umwelt, der Nutzung von technischen Geräten, der Planung von zielgerichteten Handlungen wie auch bei der Kontrolle von Denkprozessen eine zentrale Rolle in der menschlichen Kognition. Ein wesentliches Merkmal dieses Buches liegt darin, dass verschiedene Phänomene der selektiven Aufmerksamkeit dargestellt werden und dass das in den einzelnen Kapiteln entwickelte Wissen auf Alltagssituationen im täglichen Leben bezogen werden kann. Auch kann es zur Lösung von Problemstellungen in diversen spezifischen Bereichen, z. B. im Bereich der Ergonomie angewandt werden. Zielgruppen für dieses Werk sind Studierende und praktisch Tätige in den Kognitionswissenschaften, Neurowissenschaften, Medizin, Mensch-Maschine-Schnittstelle, Software-Ergonomie, Sportwissenschaften, Ingenieurwissenschaften. Zum Inhalt: Basierend auf experimentellen Methoden werden die aus der aktuellen Forschung resultierenden Erklärungsansätze vorgestellt und diskutiert. Ein besonderes Augenmerk liegt dabei auf der Integration von kognitionspsychologischen Befunden und Modellen mit neurokognitiven Ansätzen. Dieser integrative Ansatz dient dazu, neurokortikale Korrelate von Aufmerksamkeitsphänomenen im Sinne der Aktivität spezifischer Gehirnmodule bzw. kortikaler Netzwerke zu beschreiben. Für das Verständnis des Buches unentbehrliche methodische Ansätze und theoretische Grundlagen werden im Haupttext gesondert in Textboxen herausgestellt. Für eilige Leser und für einen raschen und kurzen Überblick sind die wichtigsten Kernaussagen jeweils am Kapitelende zusammengefasst
Authority, Gender and Emotions in Late Medieval and Early Modern England
by Susan BroomhallThis collection explores how situations of authority, governance, and influence were practised through both gender ideologies and affective performances in medieval and early modern England. Authority is inherently relational it must be asserted over someone who allows or is forced to accept this dominance. The capacity to exercise authority is therefore a social and cultural act, one that is shaped by social identities such as gender and by social practices that include emotions. The contributions in this volume, exploring case studies of women and men's letter-writing, political and ecclesiastical governance, household rule, exercise of law and order, and creative agency, investigate how gender and emotions shaped the ways different individuals could assert or maintain authority, or indeed disrupt or provide alternatives to conventional practices of authority.
The Autism Job Club: The Neurodiverse Workforce in the New Normal of Employment
by Michael Bernick Richard Holden Steve SilbermanThe Autism Job Club is a groundbreaking book for bringing adults with autism and other neuro-diverse conditions into the work world. This second edition of The Autism Job Club includes a new Foreword by Steve Silberman, author of the best-selling NeuroTribes, along with an Afterword by the authors. The Afterword covers the many employment initiatives for adults on the autism spectrum launched just in the three years since the book was originally published. The book has its basis in the autism job club that the authors have been part of in the San Francisco Bay Area, the job-creation and job-placement efforts the club has undertaken, and similar efforts throughout the United States. The authors review the high unemployment rates among adults with autism and other neuro- diverse conditions more than two decades after the ADA. Bernick and Holden also outline and explain six strategies that, taken together, will reshape employment for adults with autism: the art of the autism job coach; the autism advantage in technology employment; autism employment and the internet economy; autism employment and the practical/craft economy; autism and extra-governmental job networks; autism and public service employment.The Autism Job Club is a vital resource for adults with autism, their families, and advocates who are committed to neuro-diverse employment, not unemployment. But it also speaks to a far broader audience interested in how to carve out a place for themselves or others in an increasingly competitive job world.
Autism Job Club: The Neurodiverse Workforce in the New Normal of Employment
by Michael S. Bernick Richard HoldenThe Autism Job Club is a groundbreaking book for bringing adults with autism and other neuro-diverse conditions into the work world. The book has its basis in the autism job club that the authors have been part of in the San Francisco Bay Area, the job-creation and job-placement efforts the club has undertaken, and similar efforts throughout the United States. The authors review the high unemployment rates among adults with autism and other neuro- diverse conditions more than two decades after the ADA. National data on autism employment and unemployment with the individual employment searches of job club members. Bernick and Holden also outline and explain six strategies that, taken together, will reshape employment for adults with autism: *The art of the autism job coach. *The autism advantage in technology employment. *Autism employment and the internet economy. *Autism employment and the practical/craft economy. *Autism and extra-governmental job networks. *Autism and public service employment. The Autism Job Club will be a vital resource for adults with autism, their families, and advocates who are committed to neuro-diverse employment, not unemployment. But it will also speak to a far broader audience interested in how to carve out a place for themselves or others in an increasingly competitive job world.
Autism Service Delivery: Bridging the Gap Between Science and Practice (Autism and Child Psychopathology Series)
by Derek D. Reed Florence D. DiGennaro ReedThis volume examines ways in which service delivery to individuals with autism can be improved from both ends of the basic-applied research spectrum. It introduces the concept of translational scholarship and examines real-world value in developing relevant interventions. Each area of coverage reviews current findings on autism from basic research and, then, discusses the latest applied research literature to create a roadmap for researchers, clinicians, and scientist-practitioners to develop new, effective strategies as children, adolescents, and adults with autism continue to learn and grow. Featured coverage includes: Why practice needs science and how science informs practice. The social learning disorder of stimulus salience in autism. Assessment and treatment of problem behaviors associated with transitions. Understanding persistence and improving treatment through behavioral momentum theory. The behavioral economics of reinforcer value. Increasing tolerance for delay with children and adults with autism. Autism Service Delivery is an essential resource for researchers, clinicians and scientist-practitioners, and graduate students in the fields of developmental psychology, behavioral therapy, social work, clinical child and school psychology, occupational therapy, and speech pathology.
Autism Spectrum Disorder and De-escalation Strategies: A practical guide to positive behavioural interventions for children and young people
by Steve BrownThis practical guide provides a complete picture of how non-physical and physical interventions can be used to manage behaviour and keep children with autism spectrum disorders or emotional, social and behavioural difficulties safe. With clear advice and strategies that can be easily implemented in practice, Steve Brown explores various options and interventions, and explains how professionals can manage the behaviour of children (aged 3-18) in the safest possible way, promoting assertiveness and confidence. He includes a range of de-escalation and behaviour management strategies, information on risk assessments and legalities, advice on how to create safe spaces, insight into non-verbal communication and positive listening, and an honest and open discussion about the important role of physical interventions and positive handling techniques. Providing clarity and insight into this complex subject, this book will allow professionals working with children and young people with ASD or ESBD to use non-physical interventions with confidence and understand the role of physical interventions as a last resort, within a legal framework.
Baby Boomers and Generational Conflict
by Jennie BristowThe dominant cultural script for Baby Boomers is that they have 'had it all' – the benefits of a booming economy, the welfare state, and personal freedoms – thereby depriving younger generations of the opportunity to create a life for themselves. Bristow provides a critical account of this discourse by locating the problematisation of the Baby Boomers within a wider ambivalence about the legacy of the Sixties. At the heart of generational conflict is the mediation between past, present and future: where society is preserved and made anew by the interaction between emerging adults and the existing cultural heritage. However, this process of cultural renewal is situated within people who also exist within intimate relationships. This book critiques 'Boomer Blaming', which has some troubling consequences for the construction of knowledge, the focus of social policy, and the experience of generational contact.
Baby Play for Every Day: 365 Activities for the First Year
by DKNew parents take heart — you can boost your baby's development, bond with your newborn and infant, and get back into shape after pregnancy through play! Baby Play for Every Day highlights a simple baby play activity for every day of the year, so you can combine bonding and baby development while having fun with your new baby. There's no need to turn to boring, theoretical books on development or do complicated exercises to boost your baby's development. Instead, have fun, and get back into shape with simple newborn activities. Baby Play for Every Day is full of colorful pages that illustrate activities and baby games for every day of the year. The games are paired with baby ages, so you'll make the most of your baby's emerging interests and abilities, from newborn to infancy. And Baby Play for Every Day includes energizing smoothie recipes for new parents, diaper-bag tips for best packing, and parenting quizzes. After all, the best possible tool for baby development is happy, confident parents!
Backache Stress and Tension: Understanding Why You Have Back Pain and Simple Exercises to Prevent and Treat It
by Hans KrausToday’s busy world provides too much stress and not enough time for exercise. Instead of walking, running, and doing physical chores, we sit for hours at a desk, use machines to do work for us, and drive a car for even the shortest trips. As a result, more than sixty-five million Americans experience back pain, neck stiffness, and tension headaches. Dr. Kraus explains the causes of back pain and tells you what you can do to prevent and alleviate it. He presents six simple tests to determine whether you have the strength to carry your own body weight and the flexibility to match your height. According to Dr. Kraus, if you fail any one of these tests, you are underexercised or overtensed, and the odds are high that if you don’t already suffer from back pain, you will in the future. Dr. Kraus provides various approaches to back and tension problems, the primary focus being a series of carefully planned exercises to strengthen the whole body and to correct specific physical deficiencies. Featuring a foreword by Robert H. Boyle, Backache, Stress, and Tension is an essential handbook for everyone in today’s overworked, overstressed world.
Barefoot To Avalon: A Brother's Story
by David PayneIn 2000, while moving his household from Vermont to North Carolina, David Payne watched from his rearview mirror as his younger brother, George A., driving behind him in a two-man convoy of rental trucks, lost control of his vehicle, fishtailed, flipped over in the road, and died instantly. Soon thereafter, David’s life hit a downward spiral. His career came to a standstill, his marriage disintegrated, and his drinking went from a cocktail-hour indulgence to a full-blown addiction. He found himself haunted not only by George A.’s death, but also by his brother’s manic depression, a hereditary illness that overlaid a dark family history whose roots now gripped David.<P><P> Barefoot to Avalon is Payne’s earnest and unflinching account of George A. and their boyhood footrace that lasted long into their adulthood, defining their relationship and their lives. As universal as it is intimate, this is an exceptional memoir of brotherhood, of sibling rivalries and sibling love, and of the torments a family can hold silent and carry across generations.
The Bargaining
by Carly Anne WestThe Shining meets The Conjuring in this chilling and suspenseful new novel from the author of The Murmurings.The fact that neither of her parents wants to deal with her is nothing new to Penny. She's used to being discussed like a problem, a problem her mother has finally passed on to her father. What she hasn't gotten used to is her stepmother...especially when she finds out what she'll have to spend the summer with April in the remote woods of Washington to restore a broken-down old house. Set deep in a dense forest, the old Carver House is filled with abandoned antique furniture, rich architectural details, and its own chilling past. The only respite Penny can find away from April's renovations is in Miller, the young guy who runs the local general store. He's her only chance at a normal, and enjoyable, summer. But Miller has his own connection to the Carver house, and it's one that goes beyond the mysterious tapping Penny hears at her window, the handprints she finds smudging the glass panes, and the visions of children who beckon Penny to follow them into the dark woods. Miller's past just might threaten to become the terror of Penny's future...
Bases of Adult Attachment: Linking Brain, Mind and Behavior
by Cindy Hazan Vivian ZayasA great deal is known about how infants form attachments, and how these processes carry over into adolescence. But after that, the trail grows cold: the study of adult attachment emphasizes individual variations, paying little attention to the normative mechanisms of adult bonding. A much-needed corrective, Bases of Adult Attachment examines this under-investigated topic with an eye toward creating a robust theoretical model. The first volume of its kind, its multilevel approach integrates current findings from neuroscience and psychology to analyze the processes by which adult relationships develop, mature, function and dissolve. Here in relevant detail are factors contributing to initial attraction, possible scenarios in the evolution from friendship to attachment and the changes that occur on both sides of a relationship as partners mutually influence each other's behavior, emotions, cognition and even physiology. And expert contributors address long-neglected questions in the field with stimulating topics such as: The distress-relief dynamic in attachment bonding. An expectancy-value approach to attachment. The biobehavioral legacy of early attachment relationships for adult emotional and interpersonal functioning. How early experiences shape attraction, partner preferences, and attachment dynamics. How mental representations change as attachments form. Insights into the formation of attachment bonds from a social network perspective. Bases of Adult Attachment will interest scholars approaching adult attachment at multiple levels of analysis (neural, physiological, affective, cognitive and behavioral) and from multiple perspectives. This wide audience includes developmental, social and cognitive psychologists as well as neuroscientists, neuropsychologists, clinicians, sociologists, family researchers and professionals in public health and medicine.
Basic Anatomy and Physiology for the Music Therapist
by Daniel J. SchneckProviding need-to-know information about the human body for music therapists, this book covers the elements of anatomy and physiology that are of particular relevance to clinical practice. Addressing both the structure and function of the human body, the material is presented with the music therapist in mind. Particular attention is paid to the role of music in affecting responses from the organ systems, including the senses, the endocrine glands, the immune system, the musculo-skeletal system, the nervous systems and the vestibular system. Dr Schneck also uses accessible musical metaphors to explain complex biological information. Emphasising the symbiotic relationship between music and the body, this book reveals how an understanding of this relationship can help music therapists to practice more effectively, and will be of interest to students and practitioners alike.
Basic Aspects of Psychoanalytic Group Therapy (Routledge Library Editions: Group Therapy)
by Peter KutterFirst published in English in 1982 and based on more than five years of experience with therapy groups in the author’s own practice, this book aims to introduce the reader to psychoanalytic group therapy. Assuming little previous knowledge, it presents the subject in a progressive and illustrative way, and gives a central place to case material that was otherwise rarely published. Theory remains in the background and serves only to direct light on to problems which arise in practice, such as working through the early mother child relationship and the Oedipus complex in the group situation, the theory of the group process, and the various forms of transference, including the group conductor’s counter-transference. The book’s special value consists in its practical non-dogmatic orientation, in its integration of a variety of conceptions about groups, in its vividly illustrative case presentations, and in the open discussion of the problem of counter-transference. Written in non-technical language, it gives a lively picture of how ‘the business of psychoanalytic group therapy’ is managed, and will be of value to group analysts in practice and in training, as well as those interested in a more general way in psychoanalytic group therapy and what it is all about.
Basics of California Law for LMFTs, LPPCs, And LCSWs
by Benjamin E. CaldwellWritten by a therapist for other therapists. (and therapists in training), Basics of California Law takes the many nuances of California law and regulation and puts them in digestible, easy-to-apply language. It covers all three of California's major masters-level mental health professions: Marriage and Family Therapy, Professional Clinical Counseling, and Clinical Social Work. Topics covered include Scope of Practice, Licensing Requirements, Unprofessional Conduct, Informed Consent, Confidentiality and Privilege, Working with Minors (including detailed information on child abuse reporting),...
Be a Good in the World
by Brenda KnightIn the hurly burly of this busy world, simple kindness and goodness can get left behind in the rush to be first in line, at the top of the corporate ladder and have the most "likes. " But, what does it all mean at the end of the day? Isn't being a good person and making real contributions to the world more important than anything else? Author Brenda Knight, part of the team who made the world a better place with "Random Acts of Kindness" as well as a little more thankful with The Grateful Table," writes "At the end of life, I feel sure having lots of money, fancy cars and real estate is not nearly as important as how much love you gave to the world. " This realization was the inspiration for Be a Good In the World, a book of "good days" filled with ideas for making a difference.
Beauty and Misogyny: Harmful cultural practices in the West (Women and Psychology)
by Sheila JeffreysThe new edition of Beauty and Misogyny revisits and updates Sheila Jeffreys' uncompromising critique of Western beauty practice and the industries and ideologies behind it. Jeffreys argues that beauty practices are not related to individual female choice or creative expression, but represent instead an important aspect of women's oppression. As these practices have become increasingly brutal and pervasive, the need to scrutinize and dismantle them is if anything more urgent now as it was in 2005 when the first edition of the book was published. The United Nations concept of "harmful traditional/cultural practices" provides a useful lens for the author to advance her critique. She makes the case for including Western beauty practices within this definition, examining their role in damaging women's health, creating sexual difference and enforcing female deference. First-wave feminists of the 1970s criticized pervasive beauty regimes such as dieting and depilation, but a later argument took hold that beauty practices were no longer oppressive now that women could "choose" them. In recent years the reality of Western beauty practices has become much more bloody and severe, requiring the breaking of skin and the rearrangement or amputation of body parts. Beauty and Misogyny seeks to make sense of why beauty practices have not only persisted but become more extreme. It examines the pervasive use of makeup, the misogyny of fashion and high-heeled shoes, and looks at the role of pornography in the creation of increasingly popular beauty practices such as breast implants, genital waxing, surgical alteration of the labia and other forms of self-mutilation. The book concludes by considering how a culture of resistance to these practices can be created. A new and thoroughly updated edition of this essential work will appeal to all levels of students and teachers of gender studies, cultural studies and feminist psychology, and to anyone with an interest in feminism, women and beauty, and women's health.
Becoming a Critical Thinker
by Vincent Ryan RuggieroSuccess depends on the ability to think critically. Training and practice turn this ability into a powerful skill. This book gives students the opportunity to develop this skill in a classroom environment while stressing its application to daily life. Students learn to solve everyday problems, maintain successful relationships, make career choices, and interpret the messages of advertising in a variety of media. Exercises throughout the text encourage them to practice what they read and to apply it to their own lives. The book breaks up critical thinking into a series of cumulative activities, a unique approach that has made this text a staple of many critical thinking courses.
Becoming a High Expectation Teacher: Raising the bar
by Christine Rubie-DaviesWe constantly hear cries from politicians for teachers to have high expectations. But what this means in practical terms is never spelled out. Simply deciding that as a teacher you will expect all your students to achieve more than other classes you have taught in the same school, is not going to translate automatically into enhanced achievement for students. Becoming a High Expectation Teacher is a book that every education student, training or practising teacher, should read. It details the beliefs and practices of high expectation teachers – teachers who have high expectations for all their students – and provides practical examples for teachers of how to change classrooms into ones in which all students are expected to learn at much higher levels than teachers may previously have thought possible. It shows how student achievement can be raised by providing both research evidence and practical examples. This book is based on the first ever intervention study in the teacher expectation area, designed to change teachers’ expectations through introducing them to the beliefs and practices of high expectation teachers. A holistic view of the classroom is emphasised whereby both the instructional and socio-emotional aspects of the classroom are considered if teachers are to increase student achievement. There is a focus on high expectation teachers, those who have high expectations for all students, and a close examination of what it is that these teachers do in their classrooms that mean that their students make very large learning gains each year. Becoming a High Expectation Teacher explores three key areas in which what high expectation teachers do differs substantially from what other teachers do: the way they group students for learning, the way they create a caring classroom community, and the way in which they use goalsetting to motivate students, to promote student autonomy and to promote mastery learning. Areas covered include:- Formation of teacher expectations Teacher personality and expectation Ability grouping and goal setting Enhancing class climate Sustaining high expectations for students Becoming a High Expectation Teacher is an essential read for any researcher, student, trainee or practicing teacher who cares passionately about the teacher-student relationship and about raising expectations and student achievement.
Becoming a Professional Life Coach: Lessons from the Institute of Life Coach Training
by Patrick Williams Diane S. MenendezPersonal and professional coaching, which has emerged as a powerful career in the last several years, has shifted the paradigm of how people who seek help with life transitions find a "helper" to partner with them in designing their desired future. No matter what kind of sub-specialty a coach might have, life coaching is the basic operating system: a whole-person, client-centered approach. Here, Pat Williams, who has been a leader in the life coaching movement, has co-authored another essential book for therapists working as coaches. Becoming a Professional Life Coach draws on the wisdom of years of collective experience that have gone into designing the curriculum for the Institute for Life Coach Training. This curriculum has trained therapists and psychologists around the world to add coaching to their current businesses. This book presents the essential elements of life coach training program in a content-rich form that is equivalent to a graduate-level education in the field.
Becoming an Ethical Helping Professional
by John Sommers-Flanagan Rita Sommers-Flanagan"Becoming an Ethical Helping Professional" takes mental health professionals on a wide-ranging tour of ethics--covering both the theoretical as well as practical aspects of providing sound, ethical care. A unique and comprehensive resource, this book challenges students and professionals to consider both the process and the content of making ethical choices as a helping professional.
Becoming Fluent: How Cognitive Science Can Help Adults Learn a Foreign Language (The\mit Press Ser.)
by Richard Roberts Roger KreuzHow adult learners can draw upon skills and knowledge honed over a lifetime to master a foreign language.Adults who want to learn a foreign language are often discouraged because they believe they cannot acquire a language as easily as children. Once they begin to learn a language, adults may be further discouraged when they find the methods used to teach children don't seem to work for them. What is an adult language learner to do? In this book, Richard Roberts and Roger Kreuz draw on insights from psychology and cognitive science to show that adults can master a foreign language if they bring to bear the skills and knowledge they have honed over a lifetime. Adults shouldn't try to learn as children do; they should learn like adults.Roberts and Kreuz report evidence that adults can learn new languages even more easily than children. Children appear to have only two advantages over adults in learning a language: they acquire a native accent more easily, and they do not suffer from self-defeating anxiety about learning a language. Adults, on the other hand, have the greater advantages—gained from experience—of an understanding of their own mental processes and knowing how to use language to do things. Adults have an especially advantageous grasp of pragmatics, the social use of language, and Roberts and Kreuz show how to leverage this metalinguistic ability in learning a new language.Learning a language takes effort. But if adult learners apply the tools acquired over a lifetime, it can be enjoyable and rewarding.
Becoming Human: The Ontogenesis, Metaphysics, and Expression of Human Emotionality (Life and Mind: Philosophical Issues in Biology and Psychology)
by Jennifer GreenwoodA novel, wide-ranging, and comprehensive account of how human emotionality develops, proposing a process in which “nature” and “nurture” are integrated. In Becoming Human, Jennifer Greenwood proposes a novel theory of the development of human emotionality. In doing so, she makes important contributions to the nature-nurture debate in emotion theory and the intracranialist–transcranialist debate in philosophy of mind. Greenwood shows that the distinction between nature and nurture is unfounded; biological and cultural resources are deeply functionally integrated throughout the developmental process. She also shows that human emotional and language development are transcranialist achievements; human ontogenesis takes place in extended cognitive systems that include environmental, technological, and sociocultural resources. Greenwood tells the story of how each of us becomes a full human being: how human brains are constructed and how these brains acquire their contents through massive epigenetic scaffolding. After an introduction in which she explains the efficiency of the human newborn as a learning machine, Greenwood reviews traditional and contemporary theories of emotion, highlighting both strengths and limitations. She addresses the intracranialist–transcranialist debate, arguing that transcranialists have failed to answer important intracranialist objections; describes the depth of the functional integration of intraneural and external resources in emotional ontogenesis; examines early behavior patterns that provide the basis for the development of language; explains the biosemantic theory of representational content, and the wider cognitive systems that define it; and argues that language production and comprehension are always context dependent. Finally, in light of the deep and complex functional integration of neural, corporeal, and sociocultural resources in human ontogenesis, she recommends a multidisciplinary, collaborative approach for future research.