- Table View
- List View
Conformal Vector Fields, Ricci Solitons and Related Topics (Infosys Science Foundation Series)
by Ramesh Sharma Sharief DeshmukhThis book provides an up-to-date introduction to the theory of manifolds, submanifolds, semi-Riemannian geometry and warped product geometry, and their applications in geometry and physics. It then explores the properties of conformal vector fields and conformal transformations, including their fixed points, essentiality and the Lichnerowicz conjecture. Later chapters focus on the study of conformal vector fields on special Riemannian and Lorentzian manifolds, with a special emphasis on general relativistic spacetimes and the evolution of conformal vector fields in terms of initial data.The book also delves into the realm of Ricci flow and Ricci solitons, starting with motivations and basic results and moving on to more advanced topics within the framework of Riemannian geometry. The main emphasis of the book is on the interplay between conformal vector fields and Ricci solitons, and their applications in contact geometry. The book highlights the fact that Nil-solitons and Sol-solitons naturally arise in the study of Ricci solitons in contact geometry. Finally, the book gives a comprehensive overview of generalized quasi-Einstein structures and Yamabe solitons and their roles in contact geometry. It would serve as a valuable resource for graduate students and researchers in mathematics and physics as well as those interested in the intersection of geometry and physics.
Modern Aspects of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance: Developing & Proposing Application models, SOPs, practical audit systems for Pharma Industry
by Minal Ghante Manohar Potdar Vidhya BhusariThe pharmaceutical quality system ensures that the process performance is suitably achieved, the product quality is regularly met, improved opportunities are identified and evaluated, and the knowledge is constantly expanded. Auditing also plays a crucial role within the pharmaceutical industry. It helps to assess and review quality to improve and build a better system for the benefit of companies. This book aims to develop a tool that will substantially decrease the number of Inspectional Observations and Warning letters, thus eliminating Import Alerts and Consent Decree. This book targets the Pharmaceutical Industry and students of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance so they can get in hand-ready consolidated information on Pharmaceutical Quality guidelines, Quality metrics, and implementation of simplified SOP guidelines, plant layouts to implement Quality metrics for Pharmaceutical Manufacturing systems in tablets, capsules, liquid orals, and semi-solid dosage forms. The chapters cover the various aspects of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance. The selection of topics is mainly based on the requirements of Pharmaceutical regulatory guidelines of India, the UK, the USA, Australia, and South Africa. Each chapter includes the abstract, detailed explanation, implementation guidelines, flowcharts, layouts, and Standard Operating Procedure of quality metrics for the Pharmaceutical Manufacturing System
Uneven Economic Resilience of Old Industrial Cities in China: A Multiple-Perspective Analysis (Urban Sustainability)
by Xiaohui HuTaking the Chinese context seriously, this book provides critical reflections and policy-informed accounts of how and why old industrial cities generate uneven resilience in the face of crisis. It offers unconventional conceptualizations and on-the-ground empirical studies in the Chinese context when it comes to the literature on regional economic resilience. Theoretically, this book adopts multiple perspectives, including evolutionary, complex adaptive systems, and institutional and geographical political economy, to provide a more systematic understanding of regional economic resilience in Chinese old industrial cities. Empirically, this book adopts a comparative analysis approach to explore the in-depth nature of uneven regional economic resilience by focusing on two coal mining regions in China. The book also makes an additional and timely academic contribution to the literature on the conceptualization and empirics of regional economic resilience under the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. This book is suitable for undergraduate and graduate students and scholars interested in economic geography in general and regional economic resilience, regional industrial dynamics and old industrial cities in China in particular. It is also a useful reference for local and regional governments, as well as businesses, for policy-making and action in the face of crisis.
Gastroenterology and Hepatology: Bench to Bedside
by Gourdas Choudhuri Anil C Anand P PiramanayagamThe book aims to be a handy compendium to the very voluminous texts of gastroenterology and hepatology existing in the knowledge market and provides the reader with an easy understanding of the bench knowledge (basic sciences) as they apply to bedside practice (clinical gastroenterology). With introduction and contributions from Prof Eamon Quigley, Former president of World Gastroenterology Organization and American College of Gastroenterology, the book covers the recent advances in the basic sciences that form an important pillar of the knowledge, thereby linking basic sciences such as anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, molecular medicine, etc. to clinical conditions, diseases and new therapeutic approaches in gastroenterology and hepatology. The book is written in a simple easy to read format, with a lot of diagrams and flowcharts, making it a handy guide. It also discusses in-depth about very common clinical conditions encountered in hospital settings such as ulcerative colitis, pseudomembranous colitis, colonic cancer, amebiasis, and various other syndromes and diseases. This book is a useful read for fellows and trainees in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, as well as gastroenterologists, hepatologists and physicians interested in digestive disorders.
Rare Genetic Disorders: Advancements in Diagnosis and Treatment
by Muhammad Umair Misbahuddin Rafeeq Qamre AlamThis book introduces different Rare Genetic Disorders (RGDs), and challenges in their diagnosis. The chapters of the book discuss the emerging research and clinical approaches for the diagnosis of rare genetic disorders. It further reviews the future of genetic therapies for the treatment of rare genetic diseases and examine the recent advancements in the field of genetic testing for the diagnosis of these diseases. The book also covers the role of variants in the genome (genetic modifiers) that alleviate (suppress) or exacerbate (enhance) the severity of the disease, resulting in the variability of phenotypic outcomes. Further, the book examines different animal models for critical understanding of disease mechanisms, and the opportunity to evaluate the effect of therapeutic compounds in pre-clinical studies. The subsequent chapters present the state-of-the-art drug discovery strategies and biological approaches for the treatment of rare genetic disorders. Towards the end, the book reviews the current challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of the patients of rare genetic disorders and future opportunities. This book is useful for clinical geneticists, molecular and biochemical geneticists, researchers working in gene therapy and genome editing.
Emotion, Cognition and Silent Communication: Unsolved Mysteries (Studies in Rhythm Engineering)
by Tanusree Dutta Anirban BandyopadhyayThis book provides an answer to the readers about scientific perspective on learning. It presents a culminating point of four different kinds of studies designed to measure and understand the nuances of brain functioning. The objective of this book is to find answers to four questions: (1) can there be a neuroscientific understanding of the concept of individual differences? (2) does rhythmic sound or noise have an impact on decision making? (3) how does transfer of learning between the hemispheres facilitate the learning process? and lastly (4) beyond the accepted ways of communicating verbally and non-verbally is silent communication possible? This book makes an attempt to address these issues through various aspects of inner-conscious engineering.
Plant Genome Editing Technologies: Speed Breeding, Crop Improvement and Sustainable Agriculture (Interdisciplinary Biotechnological Advances)
by Jen-Tsung Chen Sunny AhmarThis book reviews all important aspects of plant genome editing to shed new light on these genome editing technologies together in crop improvement and sustainable agriculture. The book is divided into three areas: the first of which reinterprets plant genome studies from an overview perspective, examining the safety and risk assessment of plants as well as breeding-related outcomes. The second area discusses recent advances in the understanding of crop improvement. A wide range of plant stress tolerance in relation to plant genome editing is then addressed, before turning attention to specific species approaches including rice, maize, wheat, and soybean. The entire book is devoted to an updated knowledge of plant genome editing technologies from all aspects of plant biology and agronomy as we move toward advancements in sustainable life research. The book will be highly recommended for agriculture biologists, agronomists, plant pathologists, and all related research areas.
Stratigraphy Around the Permian–Triassic Boundary of South China (New Records of the Great Dying in South China)
by Wei-Hong He G. R. Shi Jian-Xin Yu Dao-Liang Chu Ke-Xin Zhang Hai-Shui Jiang Ting-Lu Yang Yi-Fan XiaoThis book timely provides high-quality records of 32 PTB sections across different depositional settings from terrestrial to marine facies in South China, including descriptions of lithologies, high-resolution correlation of key boundaries and fossil occurrences at each section. This book also analyzes the patterns and processes of the community and ecosystem evolution over space and through time in the lead to the end-Permian mass extinction, and critically analyzes the mostly debated hypothesis, anoxia and volcanism, which were considered as the causes of mass extinction, based on the data from the studied sections of South China, together with materials from other regions of the world.
Two Phase Separation in the T-Junction
by Faheem Ejaz William Pao Hafiz Muhammad AliThis book provides a comprehensive yet concise knowledge and understanding in the field of Two-phase separation in the T-Junction. and this book can not only contribute to the academics, but it can also provide valuable insight for the industrial use of the T-junction.This book discusses in detail, the effect of different parameters on phase separation. These independent variables include diameter ratio, velocity ratio, individual phase velocities, side arm inclination, main arm inclination, mass split ratio, density of the working fluid, types of T-junctions used and modification in the T-Junction. The objectives and goals of this books are concerned with the research involved with the heat transfer applications, fluid mechanics and flow transmission in the petroleum field. Currently the data from the literature indicates that there is no specific source of consistent conclusion about the multiphase phenomenon. This book can provide a database of knowledge keeping in view of all the previous studies of the recent decades.So, engineers performing their duties in their respective sector, graduate and Ph.D students in the field of engineering can get valuable information about Two Phase Separation in the T-Junction.
Dryland Social-Ecological Systems in Changing Environments
by Bojie Fu Mark Stafford-SmithThis open access book prepared by a joint working group committed to critical research on dryland social-ecological systems (SESs) presents a timely synthesis of up-to-date knowledge in various thematic fields relevant to dryland SESs. It aims to organize key salient concepts and establish a conceptual framework relevant to the interdisciplinary and cross-cultural understanding of dryland SESs, which have specific contexts and a geographically representative structure. Through synthesizing research across the world and analyzing scientific evidence for good practices, it has the potential to promote collaboration among global researchers as well as communication with policy makers, managers, and practitioners for dryland ecosystem management to promote sustainability. It calls for synergies between different sectors and countries to achieve Sustainable Development Goals in drylands.
Plant Holobiome Engineering for Climate-Smart Agriculture (Sustainable Plant Nutrition in a Changing World)
by R. Z. Sayyed Noshin IlyasThis edited volume is an inclusive collection of information on crop holobiome, their function and diversity, the plausible role of soil microbes in crop growth, protection from pathogens and stresses, the use of resilient microbiomes for changing climate, and the use of new technologies to study plant-insect-microbe molecular interactions in agricultural systems. Holobiomes provide information about both plants and their microbiomes, which gives a more comprehensive insight, particularly for changing climatic scenarios. By optimizing the crop holobime function crop productivity and plant health can be enhanced manifold. This book deep dives into the numerous ways in which holobiome supports the improving plant health, nutrient uptake, disease control, and stress resistance in major food crops. It helps researchers, academicians, agri-entrepreneurs, and technologists understand the structure and function of holobiomes in crop growth, health, stress tolerance under climatic changes, and holobiome diversity and evolution. The book is also helpful in designing new dimensions in the holobiome research and development of new products and technologies. This volume is of interest and useful to agriculture scientists, microbiologists, ecologists, and is a valuable source of reference to researchers and students.
Metal-Responsive Base Pair Switching of Ligand-type Uracil Nucleobases (Springer Theses)
by Keita MoriIn this thesis, the author proposes "metal-responsive base pair switching" of ligand-modified nucleobases as a novel tool for stimuli-responsive control of DNA assemblies. It is written to demonstrate broad applicability of the base pair switching in dynamic DNA nanotechnology and inspire researchers to use this technique. Based on specific interactions between ligand-type nucleobases and target metal ions, in this volume, DNA hybridization was dynamically controlled through strand displacement reactions. The base pair switching was further applied to develop metal-dependent DNA molecular machines. This novel strategy for stimuli-responsive regulation of DNA assemblies will greatly expand the scope of dynamic DNA nanotechnology. This volume uniquely features importance of elaborate molecular design based on chemistry for imparting stimuli responsiveness to DNA assemblies.
Mechanism and Genetic Susceptibility of Neurological Disorders
by Andleeb Khan Mashoque Ahmad Rather Ghulam Md AshrafThis book is about the "Mechanism and Genetic susceptibility of Neurological disorders. It is a comprehensive exploration, penned by esteemed authors, and offers a profound understanding of these enigmatic ailments, their progression, and the strategic approaches employed to mitigate their impact. In this book, readers will uncover a wealth of knowledge surrounding the mechanistic intricacies that underlie various neurological disorders. Through meticulous research and insightful analysis, the authors elucidate the inner workings of these conditions, shedding light on the mechanisms responsible for their onset and progression. The central themes of this book are the recognition of the genetic landscape governing neurological disorders. It emphasizes the role played by a diverse array of genes in the development and progression of these conditions, highlighting the multifaceted genetic susceptibility that underlies their manifestation.
The First Discriminant Theory of Linearly Separable Data: From Exams and Medical Diagnoses with Misclassifications to 169 Microarrays for Cancer Gene Diagnosis
by Shuichi ShinmuraThis book deals with the first discriminant theory of linearly separable data (LSD), Theory3, based on the four ordinary LSD of Theory1 and 169 microarrays (LSD) of Theory2. Furthermore, you can quickly analyze the medical data with the misclassified patients which is the true purpose of diagnoses. Author developed RIP (Optimal-linear discriminant function finding the combinatorial optimal solution) as Theory1 in decades ago, that found the minimum misclassifications. RIP discriminated 63 (=26−1) models of Swiss banknote (200*6) and found the minimum LSD: basic gene set (BGS). In Theory2, RIP discriminated Shipp microarray (77*7129) which was LSD and had only 32 nonzero coefficients (first Small Matryoshka; SM1). Because RIP discriminated another 7,097 genes and found SM2, the author developed the Matryoshka feature selection Method 2 (Program 3), that splits microarray into many SMs. Program4 can split microarray into many BGSs. Then, the wide columnLSD (Revolution-0), such as microarray (n Theory3 shows the surprising results of six ordinary data re-analyzed by Theory1 and Theory2 knowledge. Essence of Theory3 is described by using cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD) data. RIP discriminates CPD data (240*19) and finds two misclassifications unique for cesarean and natural-born groups. CPD238 omitting two patients becomes LSD, which is the first case selection method. Program4 finds BGS (14 vars.) the only variable selection method for Theory3. 32 (=25) models, including BGS, become LSD among (219−1) models. Because Program2 confirms BGS has the minimum average error rate, BGS is the most compact and best model satisfying Occam’s Razor. With this book, physicians obtain complete diagnostic results for disease, and engineers can become a true data scientist, by obtaining integral knowledge ofstatistics and mathematical programming with simple programs.
Systems Biology Approaches: Prevention, Diagnosis, and Understanding Mechanisms of Complex Diseases
by Sanket Joshi Rina Rani Ray Moupriya Nag Dibyajit LahiriThis book examines the development and applications of system biology approaches for the prevention, diagnosis, and understanding of disease mechanisms. It explores the applications of system biology in infectious diseases, including host-pathogen interaction, and the identification of targets for new therapeutics and intervention strategies. It covers the use of system biology for understanding and treating metabolic disorders towards personalized and precision medicine. The book further discusses the systems biology approaches for understanding the mechanisms of tumor progression and designing more effective cancer therapies. The chapter also reviews the current strategies in autoimmune disease treatment and highlights the opportunity that systems biology represents for the development of better and safer treatments. Importantly, the book discusses the current state of the systems-level understanding of diseases and both the therapeutic and adverse mechanisms of drug actions usingsystem biology approaches. Cutting across the disciplines, this book is a valuable source for researchers in genetics, molecular biology, cell biology, microbiology, and biomedical sciences.
Proceedings of the 9th Asian Joint Workshop on Thermophysics and Fluid Science, 27–30 November 2022, Utsunomiya, Japan: Asian Research in Thermal and Fluid Sciences (Springer Proceedings in Physics #396)
by Abhilash Suryan Minoru Yaga Han Seo Ko Zhang GuangThis book is a collection of the best peer-reviewed papers presented at the ninth Asian joint workshop on thermophysics and fluid science organized in Utsunomiya, Japan, in November 2022. The book is a valuable addition to the conference series started in the year 2006, with contents that include the research outputs from Asian countries—India, China, Japan, and the Republic of Korea. Some of the papers are collaborative efforts by academicians from these countries. The book provides an overview of recent research in the fields of fluid and thermal engineering. The chapters in the book deal with research problems on aerodynamics, propulsion, transonic and supersonic flows, aero-acoustics, fluid dynamics, thermodynamics, combustion, heat and mass transfer, and turbomachinery. Analytical, experimental, and numerical approaches are employed in the chapters. This volume will benefit academicians, researchers, and students working on research problems in thermal and fluid sciences.
Advances in Wheat Breeding: Towards Climate Resilience and Nutrient Security
by Nusret Zencirci Fahri Altay Faheem S. Baloch Muhammad Azhar Nadeem Ndiko LudidiThis edited book addresses the introduction to wheat, advancements in breeding, the contribution of biotechnological approaches, the development of climate-resilient wheat cultivars, and biofortification efforts to create nutrient-rich wheat cultivars.The world faces simultaneous challenges of a growing population and climate change. It is anticipated that the world population will exceed 9 billion by 2050. Meanwhile, climate change significantly impacts agriculture through uneven patterns, expected to worsen in the coming years, resulting in substantial losses due to biotic and abiotic stresses. Wheat, a staple food for millions worldwide, requires more studies to develop climate-resilient cultivars with improved nutritional content. Given these considerations, it is crucial to understand the activities conducted for wheat breeding and address the current gap to ensure an ample food supply for future generations.This book is beneficial for researchers, teachers, agriculturists, biologists, climate change scientists, and organizations involved in wheat breeding. It also serves as a valuable resource for undergraduate, master, and PhD students interested in wheat.
Advancements in Microbial Biotechnology for Soil Health (Microorganisms for Sustainability #50)
by Ravi Kant Bhatia Abhishek WaliaThis edited book covers the latest trends to improve soil health. It provides an easy-to-understand information to the readers. This book acts as a reference book for various agronomists and research scholars working in the field of agriculture. This edited book covers advanced technologies and practices carried out worldwide to improve soil health. In the present scenario, it is very important to save soil health and replenish it in a sustainable manner from various anthropogenic hazards. As soil is the source to almost all lives on earth and it is duty, the scientific community is developing ways to disseminate and communicate the most recent advancements to restore its health. Content of the book is designed in such a way that it provides a compressive information to the readers to restore the soil health that will ultimately help to improve the health of microbes, animals as well as plants that thrive in the soil and ultimately the quality of life of human being. This book helpsresearch scholars and teachers working in agriculture, horticulture, and environmental management by utilizing advances in microbiology and biotechnology. It is of interest to undergraduate and graduate students, teachers, researchers, environmentalists, agriculture and horticulture scientists, capacity builders, policy makers and all other stakeholders.
Theranostic Applications of Nanotechnology in Neurological Disorders
by Akash Gautam Vishal ChaudharyThis book comprehensively reviews the theranostic applications of nanomaterials against various neurological disorders. The initial chapters briefly introduce various neurological disorders, their molecular mechanism, available treatments, and the latest research. It further reviews the challenges associated with the current theranostics strategies, including blood-brain-barrier. This book examines the synthesis of nanoparticles, development of efficient biosensors, fabrication of nanomaterials, diagnosis through nano-chips, and their interaction with neuronal cells. The chapter also discusses the various nanoformulations or nanocarriers of natural therapeutics, including herbal products, peptides, nootropics, and dietary supplements used to prevent and delay neurological disorders. Additionally, the book provides information on the commonly used molecular imaging tools and biosensors, using different nanomaterials for the early detection of neurological disorders. Towards the end,the book covers the imaging techniques like gold nanocages and photoacoustic imaging for diagnosing and targeted drug delivery for neurological disorders. The chapter presents the current challenges in using nanotechnology for neurological disorders and their potential solutions.
Advanced Research in Starch
by Nirmal Mazumder Md. Hafizur RahmanThis book focuses on the various invasive and non-invasive techniques which can be used for the characterization of starch macromolecules along with, the various types of physical, chemical, and enzymatic modifications of starch to enhance its usage in the food industry. It discusses various biophysical techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman scattering, and second harmonic generation microscopy for the understanding of the Physico-chemical properties of starch. The book also sheds light on the visual, rheological characterization of different types of starches that are responsible for altered digestibility. The chapters also cover the applications of starch in food industries, non-food industries, pharmaceuticals, drug delivery systems, and green flexible electronics. Towards the end, the book reviews the chemical, physical, and enzymatic modifications of the starch for improving its properties and applications. This book provides a valuable reference for students and researchers in the field of food science and technology, food science, and nutrition.
BRICS Countries: Challenges and Opportunities
by Yiping Li Hirok Chaudhuri Otto Corrêa Rotunno Filho Natalia Guseva Faizal BuxThis book provides a detailed study and assessment of water resources management andpollution control in different BRICS countries. The regions involved areBrazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. This book gives importantinsight into how future sustainability depends on the development of effectivewater governance mechanisms at the level of countries. According to theregional characteristics from different aspects it cuts into the waterenvironment problems and studies in different ways, which is multifaceted andtargeted. Using case studies that include environmentally integrated basinexperiments (eibex) of Brazil, groundwater overflow zone of India, semi-aridriver basin of South Africa and so on, this volume provides criticalinformation for researchers and policymakers.
Innovative Public Participation Practices for Sustainable Urban Regeneration (Urban Sustainability)
by Eugenio Mangi Weixuan Chen Tim Heath Ali CheshmehzangiThis book analyzes the adoption of stakeholders’ engagement in various fields and scales while providing the readers with an international outlook of the topic. In the contemporary processes of urban development, regeneration is becoming a relevant way to limit the occupation of new land and to enhance the existing spatial, social, and ecological dimensions of specific parts of the city. It generally entails the engagement of different groups of stakeholders and users at various levels—e.g., institutional and private—who carry on their own agendas while conveying a wide range of interests and values to safeguard. At the same time, despite indications of a significant increase in its implementation under various forms and in multiple contexts in the last twenty years, participatory mechanisms have not been without challenges and barriers due to several factors, including facilitators’ poor negotiation and communication practices, and consequently misinterpretation of the values at stake made by the parties involved, or obstructionism and gridlocks carried on by the different stakeholders. The narrative of the collection is structured in four sections The contributions elaborate on innovative participatory patterns, how they are/might be entangled with the different stages of regeneration projects, in what measure they have contributed to the United Nations sustainability goals, and the potential matters emerging during the negotiation phases. In detail, the four sections are: 1. Public space regeneration 2. Ecological regeneration 3. Built heritage regeneration 4. Informal settlements regeneration. Finally, this book is a significant asset to urban policy makers, planners, practitioners, and researchers in the architecture and urban studies domain who aim at deepening public participation practices knowledge by comparing different experiences.
Microbiology-2.0 Update for a Sustainable Future
by Juhi Gupta Akarsh VermaThis book demonstrates the extremely fascinating and interdisciplinary microbial domain. It helps in discovering the latest advances in microbiology and learns how they can help shape a more sustainable future for our planet. This comprehensive guide covers the latest breakthroughs in microbiology research and their practical applications in fields such as ecology, agriculture, biotechnology, and environmental science. Furthermore, the readers explore the cutting-edge technologies and methodologies that are driving the next generation of microbiology research. With expert insights from the leading microbiologists, this book is an essential resource for anyone interested in understanding the role of microbes in our world and harnessing their power for a better tomorrow.
Microbial Data Intelligence and Computational Techniques for Sustainable Computing (Microorganisms for Sustainability #47)
by Aditya Khamparia Babita Pandey Devendra Kumar Pandey Deepak GuptaThis book offers information on intelligent and computational techniques for microbial data associated with plant microbes, human microbes etc. The main focus of this book is to provide an insight on building smart sustainable solutions for microbial technology using intelligent computational techniques. Microbes are ubiquitous in nature, and their interactions among each other are important for colonizing diverse habitats. The core idea of sustainable computing is to deploy algorithms, models, policies and protocols to improve energy efficiency and management of resources, enhancing ecological balance, biological sustenance and other services on societal contexts. Chapters in this book explore the conventional methods as well as the most recently recognized high-throughput technologies which are important for productive agroecosystems to feed the growing global population. This book is of interest to teachers, researchers, microbiologist, computer bioinformatics scientists,plant and environmental scientist, and those interested in environment stewardship around the world. The book also serves as an advanced textbook material for undergraduate and graduate students of computer science, biomedicine, agriculture, human science, forestry, ecology, soil science, and environmental sciences and policy makers.
Molecular Biology of Hand-Foot-Mouth Diseases
by Xingli Xu Yanchun Che Qihan LiThis book aims to compile the latest scientific information on hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), including its epidemiology, etiology, pathology, immune response and vaccine development. Interestingly, the authors shared their own research experience and offered distinctive insights into the pathogenesis of HFMD and vaccine development. The intended audience, including university researchers, graduate students, and vaccine engineers, is well defined. The book is positioned as a resource that not only presents current knowledge but also has the potential to inspire further research in understanding immune pathogenesis and advancing vaccine development for HFMD.