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An Explanation of Constrained Optimization for Economists
by Peter MorganIn a constrained optimization problem, the decisionmaker wants to select the "optimal" choice - the one most valuable to him or her - that also meets all of the constraints imposed by the problem. Such problems are at the heart of modern economics, where the typical behavioral postulate is that a decisionmaker behaves "rationally"; that is, chooses optimally from a set of constrained choices.Most books on constrained optimization are technical and full of jargon that makes it hard for the inexperienced reader to gain a holistic understanding of the topic. Peter B. Morgan's Explanation of Constrained Optimization for Economists solves this problem by emphasizing explanations, both written and visual, of the manner in which many constrained optimization problems can be solved. Suitable as a textbook or a reference for advanced undergraduate and graduate students familiar with the basics of one-variable calculus and linear algebra, this book is an accessible, user-friendly guide to this key concept.
Expressive Acts: Celebrations and Demonstrations in the Streets of Victorian Toronto
by Ian RadforthIn nineteenth-century Toronto, people took to the streets to express their jubilation on special occasions, such as the 1860 visit of the Prince of Wales and the return in 1885 of the local Volunteers who helped to suppress the Riel resistance in the North-West. In a contrasting mood, people also took to the streets in anger to object to government measures, such as the Rebellion Losses bill, to heckle rival candidates in provincial election campaigns, to assert their ethno-religious differences, and to support striking workers. Expressive Acts examines instances of both celebration and protest when Torontonians publicly displayed their allegiances, politics, and values. The book illustrates not just the Victorian city’s vibrant public life but also the intense social tensions and cultural differences within the city. Drawing from journalists’ accounts in newspapers, Expressive Acts illuminates what drove Torontonians to claim public space, where their passions lay, and how they gave expression to them.
The Family Squeeze
by Benjamin Schlesinger Suzanne KingsmillThe Sandwich Generation refers to the growing numbers of middle-aged people who must care for both children and elderly parents while trying to manage the stress of full-time jobs. Advances in technology and medicine are helping us to live longer - but not without extended care from our families. At the same time, the economic climate is making it difficult for young adults to leave home and start their own lives; they are often 'boomeranged' back to their parents for financial help, emotional support, and accommodation. In The Family Squeeze, Suzanne Kingsmill and Ben Schlesinger trace the day-to-day life of a typical family caught up in this situation. They guide the reader through various scenarios, paying particular attention to the 'woman in the middle,' who has traditionally been the caregiver to young and old but is now also a full-time member of the workforce. Each scenario is followed by comments, advice, and suggestions that will help the reader understand each stage of the game. The resource section includes an extensive annotated bibliography, as well as a list of selected services in Canada and the United States. Internet resources are also listed.Any person who is, or about to become, a member of the Sandwich Generation will find this a helpful guide for coping with the conflicting demands of family and work.
Fathering
by Annie Devault Gilles Forget Diane DubeauIn the past few decades, researchers and practitioners have moved away from the idea of fatherhood as a single, monolithic concept. Examining the challenges of vulnerable fathers such as those in poverty or in prison, they have developed valuable new strategies for cultivating the positive involvement of fathers in the lives of their children.Drawing on the innovative work of Prospère, a Quebec organization that brought together fathers, university researchers, and health and social service practitioners, Fathering details innovative approaches that support positive father involvement. It provides numerous examples of strategies and interventions with fathers, lessons learned from these practices on how to better support vulnerable fathers and families, and in-depth information on ways of designing, implementing, evaluating, and disseminating the results of participatory action research (PAR) - a methodology which put fathers at the heart of the project's decision-making.
Federalism and Decentralization in Health Care: A Decision Space Approach
by Gregory Marchildon Thomas J. BossertWhile health system decentralization is often associated with federations, there has been limited study on the connection between federalism and the organization of publicly financed or mandated health services. Federalism and Decentralization in Health Care examines eight federations that differ in terms of their geography, history and constitutional and political development. Looking at Canada, Brazil, Germany, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, South Africa and Switzerland, Federalism and Decentralization in Health Care examines constitutional responsibility for health care, the national laws establishing a right to health care, the predominant sources and organization of public revenues directed to health care, and the overall organization of the health system. In additional to these structural features, each country case study is subjected to a "decision space analysis" to determine the actual degree of health system decentralization. This involves determining whether national and subnational governments have narrow, moderate or broad discretion in their decisions on governance, access, human resources, health system organization and financing. This comparative approach highlights the similarities and differences among these federations. Offering reflections on recent trends in centralization or decentralizations for the health system as a whole, Federalism and Decentralization in Health Care, is a valuable resource for those studying health care policy in federal systems and especially those interested in comparative aspects of the topic.
Federalism in Action: The Devolution of Canada’s Public Employment Service, 1995-2015 (IPAC Series in Public Management and Governance)
by Donna E. WoodEvery developed country has a public employment service that connects job seekers with employers through information, placement, and training support services. In Federalism in Action, Donna E. Wood assesses how Canada’s public employment service is performing after responsibility was transferred from the federal government to provinces, territories, and Aboriginal organizations between 1995 and 2015. Drawing upon over twenty years of data, Wood reveals the governance choices provinces made, the reasons behind these choices, and the outcomes they achieved. Provincial decisions regarding employment programming is an important public policy issue about which little is known, and even less understood within the context of Aboriginal communities. Federalism in Action includes analytical comparisons of Canada’s employment programming with the United States, Australia, and the European Union, as well as information from insightful interviews with key informants from every province. In firmly placing Canada within the extensive international literature on the governance of welfare-to-work policies, this book makes an important new contribution to research.
Feeling Obligated: Teaching in Neoliberal Times
by Anne M. Phelan Melanie D. JanzenFeeling Obligated combines theoretical insights with the first-hand experiences of Canadian teachers to illustrate the impact of neoliberalism – the installation of market norms into educational and social policies – on teachers’ professional integrity. Anne M. Phelan and Melanie D. Janzen illustrate the miserable conditions in which teachers teach, their efforts to navigate and withstand those circumstances, and their struggle to respond ethically to students, especially those already marginalized economically and socially. Exploring how educational policies attempt to recast teachers as skilled clinicians, the book revitalizes a conversation about teaching as a vocation wherein the challenge of obligation is of central concern. Haunted by what has already happened and threatened by what may yet occur, Feeling Obligated foregrounds the challenge of ethical obligation in teaching and makes a strong case for the revitalization of teaching as a vocation, involving commitment, resolve, and trust in a future yet to come.
Female Suicide Bombings: A Critical Gender Approach
by Tanya Narozhna W. Andy KnightAs media coverage of terrorism and terroristic acts has increased so too has the discussion about the identities, motives, and gender of the perpetrators. Over the past fifteen years, there have been over 150 reported suicide bombings committed by women around the world. Because of its prominence in media reporting, the phrase "female suicide bomber" has become loaded with gendered notions and assumptions that elicit preconditioned responses in the West. Female Suicide Bombings critically examines and challenges common assumptions of this loaded term. Tanya Narozhna and W. Andy Knight introduce female suicide bombings as a socio-political practice and a product of deeply politicized, gendered representations. Drawing on a combination of feminist and post-colonial approaches as well as terrorism studies literature, the authors seek to transcend ideological divisions in order to enhance our understanding of how gender, power, and academic practices influence our perceptions of female suicide bombings.
Femocratic Administration
by Tammy FindlayFemocratic Administration examines the gendered nature of public administration through a study of the Ontario Women's Directorate (OWD) between 1985 and 2000. Analysing the OWD from the perspective of feminist political economy, this book combines a detailed case study with a theoretical framework that reconceptualizes the meanings of state feminism, representation, and democracy.Using interviews and archival materials, Tammy Findlay argues that the feminist bureaucrats (or "femocrats," as they are sometimes known) of the OWD were marginalized even before the rise of neoliberal governance and New Public Management of the 1990s. Achieving substantive democracy for Ontario's women, she contends, requires more than just institutional reforms - it demands "femocratic administration" that transforms the entire public service and its relationship with citizens.
Fighting Fat: Canada, 1920-1980
by Wendy MitchinsonWhile the statistics for obesity have been alarming in the twenty-first century, concern about fatness has a history. In Fighting Fat, Wendy Mitchinson discusses the history of obesity and fatness from 1920 to 1980 in Canada. Through the context of body, medicine, weight measurement, food studies, fat studies, and the identity of those who were fat, Mitchinson examines the attitudes and practices of medical practitioners, nutritionists, educators, and those who see themselves as fat. Fighting Fat analyzes a number of sources to expose our culture’s obsession with body image. Mitchinson looks at medical journals, both their articles and the advertisements for drugs for obesity, as well as magazine articles and advertisements, including popular "before and after" weight loss stories. Promotional advertisements reveal how the media encourages negative attitudes towards body fat. The book also includes over 30 interviews with Canadians who defined themselves as fat, highlighting the emotional toll caused by the stigmatizing of fatness.
Filipinos in Canada
by Bonnie Mcelhinny John Paul Catungal Lisa M. Davidson Ethel Tungohan Roland Sintos ColomaThe Philippines became Canada's largest source of short- and long-term migrants in 2010, surpassing China and India, both of which are more than ten times larger. The fourth-largest racialized minority group in the country, the Filipino community is frequently understood by such figures as the victimized nanny, the selfless nurse, and the gangster youth. On one hand, these narratives concentrate attention, in narrow and stereotypical ways, on critical issues. On the other, they render other problems facing Filipino communities invisible.This landmark book, the first wide-ranging edited collection on Filipinos in Canada, explores gender, migration and labour, youth spaces and subjectivities, representation and community resistance to certain representations. Looking at these from the vantage points of anthropology, cultural studies, education, geography, history, information science, literature, political science, sociology, and women and gender studies, Filipinos in Canada provides a strong foundation for future work in this area.
Fool For Christ
by Allen MillsJames Shaver Woodsworth (1874-1942) stands as one of the half-dozen most important national political figures in twentieth-century Canadian history. Allen Mills acknowledges his outstanding achievements while providing a critical account of the Woodsworth legacy and revising the received opinion of him as a man of unbending conviction and ever-coherent principle.A product of western Canada's pioneer society and a stern Methodist household, Woodsworth grew up to make his way into social service and politcal action. A member of parliament for over twenty years, he rejected the traditional forms of political activity, seeking a new politics and a new political party. The latter turned out to be the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation founded in 1932. Its first leader was Woodsworth himself.In a crucial period between the World Wars, Woodsworth helped define the character of the modern Canadian, non-Marxist Left and of many of Canada's important economic and social institutions. Among them are the welfare state, the Bank of Canada, and Canada's internationalist role in the contemporary world. Disclaimer: Quotes by T.S. Eliot, F.R. Scott, and Louis MacNeice removed at the request of the rights holder.
The Form of Cities in Central Canada
by Ross D. Mackinnon L. S. Bourne James W. SimmonsDo Canadian cities have a distinctive form? How has this form evolved over time; and what has been the impact of growth, transportation changes and differing lifestyles on the contemporary Canadian urban environment? The research summarized in the present volume is directed at these kinds of questions. This book is an anthology of research papers and reports building around a common theme: urban development in Central Canada. Within this context, specific interests focus on the spatial structure of the city, land use distributions, patterns of population density and intercity migration, networks of interaction, communities, and lives. This collection of papers will be of interest as a general reference which is not just descriptive, but one which includes a range of examples of analytical approaches. As such it is also designed as a contribution to the growing literature on urban research and policy formulation in Canada.(University of Toronto Department of Geography Research Publications 12)
Foundations of Governance
by Andrew Sancton Robert A. YoungMunicipalities are responsible for many essential services and have become vital agents for implementing provincial policies, including those dealing with the environment, emergency planning, economic development, and land use. In Foundations of Governance, experts from each of Canada's provinces come together to assess the extent to which municipal governments have the capacity to act autonomously, purposefully, and collaboratively in the intergovernmental arena.Each chapter follows a common template in order to facilitate comparison and covers essential features such as institutional structures, municipal functions, demography, and municipal finances. Canada's municipalities function in diverse ways but have similar problems and, in this way, are illustrative of the importance of local democracy. Foundations of Governance shows that municipal governments require the legitimacy granted by a vibrant democracy in order to successfully negotiate and implement important collective choices about the futures of communities.
The Four Lenses of Population Aging: Planning for the Future in Canada’s Provinces (IPAC Series in Public Management and Governance)
by Patrik MarierWith its implications for health care, the economy, and an assortment of other policy areas, population aging is one of the most pressing issues facing governments and society today, and confronting its complex reality is becoming increasingly urgent, particularly in the age of COVID-19. In The Four Lenses of Population Aging, Patrik Marier looks at how Canada’s ten provinces are preparing for an aging society. Focusing on a wide range of administrative and policy challenges, this analysis explores multiple actions from the development of strategic plans to the expansion of long-term care capacity. To enhance this analysis, Marier adopts four lenses: the intergenerational, the medical, the social gerontological, and the organizational. By comparing the unique insights and contributions of each lens, Marier draws attention to the vital lessons and possible solutions to the challenges of an aging society. Drawing on over a hundred interviews with senior civil servants and thousands of policy documents, The Four Lenses of Population Aging is a significant contribution to public administration, provincial politics, and comparative public policy literatures, and a timely resource for policymakers and general readers seeking an informed perspective on a timely and important issue.
From Consent to Coercion: The Continuing Assault on Labour, Fourth Edition
by Bryan Evans Carlo Fanelli Leo Panitch Donald SwartzFrom Consent to Coercion examines the increasing assault against trade union rights and freedoms in Canada by federal and provincial governments. Centring the struggles of Canadian unionized workers, this book explores the diminution of the welfare state and the impacts that this erosion has had on broader working-class rights and standards of living. The fourth edition witnesses the passing of an era of free collective bargaining in Canada – an era in which the state and capital relied on obtaining the consent of workers and unions to act as subordinates in Canada’s capitalist democracy. It looks at how the last twenty years have marked a return to a more open reliance of the state and capital on coercion – on force and on fear – to secure that subordination. From Consent to Coercion considers this conjuncture in the Canadian political economy amid growing precarity, poverty, and polarization in an otherwise indeterminate period of austerity. This important edition calls attention to the urgent task of rebuilding and renewing socialist politics – of thinking ambitiously and meeting new challenges with unique solutions to the left of social democracy.
From Water to Wine: Becoming Middle Class in Angola (Teaching Culture: UTP Ethnographies for the Classroom)
by Jess AuerbachFrom Water to Wine explores how Angola has changed since the end of its civil war in 2002. Its focus is on the middle class—defined as those with a house, a car, and an education—and their consumption, aspirations, and hopes for their families. It takes as its starting point "what is working in Angola?" rather than "what is going wrong?" and makes a deliberate, political choice to give attention to beauty and happiness in everyday life in a country that has had an unusually troubled history. Each chapter focuses on one of the five senses, with the introduction and conclusion provoking reflection on proprioception (or kinesthesia) and curiosity. Various media are employed—poetry, recipes, photos, comics, and other textual experiments—to engage readers and their senses. Written for a broad audience, this text is an excellent addition to the study of Africa, the lusophone world, international development, sensory ethnography, and ethnographic writing.
Frontier and Metropolis: Regions, Cities, and Identities in Canada before 1914
by J.M.S. CarelessThe regional character of Canada and the crucial role of metropolitan development in its history have been recurring themes in the work of J.M.S. Careless. In these essays he returns to those themes, discussing how national and regional identity in Canada show vital links with metropolitan-hinterland relationship across time and space.The first essay presents an overall appraisal of the historic connections between metropolitan centres and frontiers or regions in Canada. These connections might be manifested in economic structures, political fabrics, or social networks, and also in modes of opinion and popular images and traditions. The second part of the book inquires into some major conceptual treatments given to frontier and metropolis in history. The third seeks to evaluate the impact of metropolitanism on distinctive features of identity that are revealed in Canadian historical experience. A fourth essays rounds out the volume by discussing the influence of external metropolanism in Canada.Careless endows his subject with the combined fornce of his own continuing research, his sensitivity to the new historical scholarship, and the lively and penetrating mind that have made him one of Canada's leading historians for more than thirty years.
Funding Policies and the Nonprofit Sector in Western Canada: Evolving Relationships in a Changing Environment
by Peter R. ElsonFunding Policies and the Nonprofit Sector in Western Canada offers a detailed yet accessible account of nonprofit funding policies in a region characterized by fiscal conservatism, a cyclical resource-based economy, and a growing share of Canada's population and GDP.The chapters in this collection offer compelling and candid analyses of the realities of nonprofit funding in Western Canada. Each combines practical insights with academic rigour, providing critical historical context and an up-to-date profile of funding for services. For each province, a leading practitioner has provided an insider perspective into a specific regime or organization: nonprofit housing in British Columbia; the politics of social policy in Alberta; sport, culture, and recreation, and lottery funds in Saskatchewan; and community economic development in Manitoba.Written by leading researchers and practitioners, Funding Policies and the Nonprofit Sector in Western Canada offers a solid foundation on which policymakers, scholars, and practitioners alike can examine the challenges and opportunities of the contemporary funding environment.
Gambling for Profit
by Kerry G. ChambersOver the past forty years, Western governments have increasingly liberalized and deregulated gambling, which is now used to deliver state revenues and commercial profit in many jurisdictions. Gambling for Profit is a cross-national history of the emergence of legal gambling, including lotteries, gaming machines, and casinos.Gambling for Profit is unique among studies of gambling's twentieth-century growth thanks to Kerry G.E. Chambers's strong analytical framework -- investigating not only the political aspects of legalization, but also the sociocultural factors that influence popular adoption. Chambers provides a useful chronological examination of the electronic gambling phenomenon, as well as comparative data on dates of introduction and revenues across twenty-three countries. Gambling for Profit provides a dynamic model to explore the legalization of gambling and stresses the inadequacy of seeking universal explanations for gambling's entrenchment within particular cultures.
Gender, Politics and Society in Ukraine
by Anastasiya Salnykova Olena HankivskyGender, Politics, and Society in Ukraine is the first collection to examine how political, social, and economic transitions in post-Communist Ukraine are transforming gender roles and relations within the country. Leading Western and Ukrainian scholars and practitioners address a wide range of effects associated with and reinforced by these transitions - including the breakdown of the general welfare system, the lack of progress in the development of the healthcare system, gender inequality in political representation, the patriarchal nature of nation building, human trafficking, domestic violence, changing conceptions of fatherhood and masculinity, homelessness, and LGBT issues - from a variety of methodological and disciplinary perspectives.Gender, Politics, and Society in Ukraine is particularly innovative in its exploration of both women's and men's experiences and the ways in which gender relations shift over time in societies undergoing transitions to democracy. As such, this volume furthers the understanding of the complex obstacles and challenges of working towards gender equality in evolving democracies and identifies future priorities for research, politics, and policy development.
Gentrifier
by Jason Patch John Joe Schlichtman Marc Lamont Hill Peter MarcuseAs urban job prospects change to reflect a more ‘creative’ economy and the desire for a particular form of ‘urban living’ continues to grow, so too does the migration of young people to cities. Gentrification and gentrifiers are often understood as ‘dirty’ words, ideas discussed at a veiled distance.Gentrifiers, in particular, are usually a ‘they.’ Gentrifier demystifies the idea of gentrification by opening a conversation that links the theoretical and the grassroots, spanning the literature of urban sociology, geography, planning, policy, and more. Along with established research, new analytical tools, and contemporary anecdotes, John Joe Schlichtman, Jason Patch, and Marc Lamont Hill place their personal experiences as urbanists, academics, parents, and spouses at the centre of analysis. They expose raw conversations usually reserved for the privacy of people’s intimate social networks in order to complicate our understanding of the individual decisions behind urban living and the displacement of low-income residents. The authors’ accounts of living in New York City, San Diego, Chicago, Philadelphia, and Providence link economic, political, and sociocultural factors to challenge the readers’ current understanding of gentrification and their own roles within their neighbourhoods. A foreword by Peter Marcuse opens the volume.
Getting Past "the Pimp": Management in the Sex Industry
by Chris Bruckert Colette ParentThe issue of third parties in the sex industry – individuals who are neither the client nor the service provider – has become especially urgent in our current socio-political context. Surprisingly, in spite of an emergence of critical scholarship on the sex industry, as well as recommendations by key governmental committees, little attention has been extended to examining the role of individuals labelled pimps, procurers, and traffickers. Addressing the function of third parties on the street and indoors, Getting Past "the Pimp" incorporates solid empirical evidence including documentary analysis, 75 interviews with third parties, and 52 interviews with sex workers to unpack the roles and relationships of third parties in three sectors of the sex industry‒ incall/outcall, stripping, and street-based prostitution. Contrary to prevailing stereotypes that portray third parties as inherently abusive and controlling, these workers fulfill important roles and provide vital services as associates, fee-for-service hires, and agency owners or managers responsible for scheduling and arranging transportation and security. The sex industry, like mainstream businesses, rarely depend exclusively on client and worker to operate efficiently, and safely.
Global Citizenship Education: Challenges and Successes
by Aboagye And DlaminiThe idea of citizenship and conceptions of what it means to be a good citizen has evolved over time. On the one hand, good citizenship entails the ability to live with others in diverse societies, and to promote a common set of values of acceptance, human rights, and democracy. On the other hand, in order to compete in the global economy, nations require a more innovative, autonomous, inventive, and reflective workforce, meaning good citizens are also those who successfully participate in the economic development of themselves and their country. At the same time, supporting citizens to realize their responsibilities beyond the nation has become important in this rapidly changing and interconnected world. These competing citizenship purposes often compel people to either ignore or act ambivalent to democratic and human rights values. That is, profit-driven labor exploitation, for instance, contradicts human rights and democratic tenants. Thus, global citizenship education is fundamental to teaching, learning and redressing sociopolitical, economic and environmental exploitation, globally. Detailing its historical development to be recognized as a field of study, Global Citizenship Education provides a critical discourse on global citizenship education (GCE). Authors in this collection offer underpinnings of global citizenship education by discussing its contemporary theories and methodologies, and specific case studies that illustrate the application of GCE initiatives. Aboagye and Dlamini aim to motivate learners and educators in post-secondary institutions not only to understand the issues of social and economic inequality, political and civil unrest facing us, but also to take action that will lead to equitable change in local and global spaces.
A Global Corporation: A History of the International Development of Massey-Ferguson Limited
by Edward Neufeld<p>The international or multi-national corporation has become an important phenomenon in today's business world and Massey-Ferguson is an ideal example of such an organization. Through its predecessor companies it can train its history to 1847, and so it has encountered virtually all the difficulties and developments of the last hundred years in business organization and management science. The development has not been straightforward for it has been much more than the growth of a single company in an expanding market. Management reorganization and the introduction of new management planning and control teachniques contributed a good deal to the company's expansion, and because mergers played a vital role, the history of other companies is also involved. <p>Dr. Neufeld's study concentrates on the years after the Second World War, a period in which the company's international operations became increasingly complex. He records the events that helped to shape the company's character and structure, and at the same time investigates the company's successes and failures in adjusting to a changing national and international business environment. His study reveals why Massey-Ferguson developed into a global corporation, an organization that considers the whole of the international environment when making decisions relating to the allocation of its marketing, purchasing, manufacturing and engineering activities.</p>