- Table View
- List View
Diversity and Inclusion in Industry: A Road to Prosperity
by Rengasamy Kasinathan Munikiran Mallu Madalyn BozinskiToday, more than ever, diversity, equity, and inclusion (DE&I) play a crucial role in organizational success, especially in industry, a sector that is sometimes overlooked. This book brings a new perspective on the implementation of diversity and inclusion in industry, including engineering, construction, manufacturing, etc. Data-driven longitudinal studies show the positive economic impact of diversity in these fields. A strong array of case studies is included, and the authors’ firsthand experiences provide information to industry professionals to help them understand the success and benefits that diversity can bring to these fields and how to embrace them outside of a corporate setting. FEATURES Discusses the DE&I role in the industry sector specifically Includes numerous case studies from industry giants and small companies Explains layers of diversity in line management Shows the correlation of diversity to the prosperity of companies over time Identifies diversity as an important tool for future growth This book is intended for professionals as well as students in upper-level undergraduate or graduate programs that are interested in or currently studying workplace diversity.
Diversity in der Wirtschaftskommunikation (Europäische Kulturen in der Wirtschaftskommunikation #36)
by Marcus StumpfDiversity bedeutet Vielfalt oder Verschiedenheit. Bezogen auf sozialpolitische Felder bezieht Diversity sich zumeist auf den Schutz der Dimensionen geschlechtliche Identität, sexuelle Orientierung, Religion und Weltanschauung, ethnische Herkunft bzw. Nationalität, Alter sowie körperliche und geistige Verfassung. In Bezug auf diese Anwendungsfelder lässt sich ein konstanter Wandel in der Gesellschaft feststellen. Welche Konsequenzen diese Veränderungen auf die Wirtschaftskommunikation haben und wie Unternehmens- bzw. Marketingkommunikation mit Diversität umgehen, untersuchen die Autorinnen und Autoren dieses Bandes.
Diversity in the Workforce: Current Issues and Emerging Trends
by Edited by Marilyn Y. Byrd and Chaunda L. ScottThis comprehensive, integrated teaching resource provides students with the tools and methodologies they need to effectively negotiate the multiple dynamics that emerge from difference, and to appropriately respond to issues of marginalization and social injustice. Written from an American perspective, the book not only covers the traditional topics of race, gender, ethnicity, and social class, but explores emerging trends around ‘-isms’ (racism, sexism). Thoroughly revised and updated, this third edition includes new case studies and expanded coverage of topics such as social justice, microaggressions, and gender identities and expressions. End-of-chapter questions encourage students to engage in difficult conversations, and case studies stimulate students’ awareness of real-world issues that emerge from diversity, helping students to develop the broad range of skills they need to mediate or resolve diversity issues as future professionals. This edition includes updated Instructor Resources such as PowerPoint slides, multiple choice quizzes, and essay questions as well as additional links which can be found online.
Diversity of Methodological Approaches in Social Sciences: Example of the Analysis of Media and Online Information
by Roger Waldeck Inna LyubarevaAs with many rapidly evolving areas, research on pluralism in media and information makes use of appropriate interdisciplinary approaches that consider diverse and interdependent factors. These considerations include new economic constraints, journalistic production, networked technologies, online social interactions, new forms of discourse, consumer preferences and practices, and the specificities of information markets. This book presents and assesses several methodological approaches that have proven to be valuable in the study of transformations in media and information. Some are well-known in social sciences (e.g. qualitative analysis by interviews), whereas others come from different disciplines and remain rare and original (e.g. agent-based modeling). By focusing on various dimensions of the media and information pluralism, this book pulls together methods based on network analysis, agent-based modeling and sociosemiotics, as well as qualitative and legal approaches. Each of the five chapters introduces a specific method and its relevance for the analysis of a particular research question.
Diversity: A Key Idea for Business and Society (Key Ideas in Business and Management)
by Mustafa F. ÖzbilginDiversity: A Key Idea for Business and Society introduces an idea that proliferates business and society, having been incorporated into mainstream theory and practice. Beyond this multidisciplinary setting, how diversity is defined, framed, managed and regulated is also exposed to considerable social, economic, political and ideological interpretation and manipulation. This volume explores definitions of diversity, its various manifestations and interdisciplinary influences that shape how diversity is researched. The text turns to workforce diversity as a particular case of diversity and explores antecedents, correlates and consequences of workforce diversity. The author considers power, inequality and intersectionality to illuminate the subject from the key manifestations, including class, gender, ethnicity, sexuality and disability. With insights from an array of fields from economics, through management to biology, the author also highlights the various cases against diversity alongside analysis of how to navigate the diversity jungle in practice. This concise, authoritative book will be essential reading for students, researchers and reflective practitioners interested in workforce diversity as well as unique supplementary reading across the social sciences.
Doing Public Scholarship: A Practical Guide to Media Engagement (Routledge Advances in Sociology)
by Christopher J. SchneiderA basic premise of public scholarship is making academic work and related ideas accessible and available to publics. Media engagement, whether interviews with news journalists, or the use of hashtags, is a necessary feature of any public scholarship. Media formats play a fundamental and interactive role in how people ultimately come to view and understand the social world, having had a discernable influence on election outcomes, responses to global pandemics, and so on. The question is not whether scholars should engage with media but how to do so. Drawing on fifteen years of experience that includes hundreds of print, radio, and television news interviews, dozens of published opinion pieces, and the use of social media for public engagement, this book outlines a practical, easy-to-follow approach to doing public sociology in media that consists of, and brings together, interrelated forms of media engagement. This book also offers some advice pertaining to career advancement and provides strategies to avoid negative experiences. Doing Public Scholarship will be of general interest to those wanting to go public with their research.
Doing language im Deutschunterricht: Eine Analyse sprachbezogener Adressierungen in diskursiver Praxis
by Denise BüttnerDie Studie leistet einen empirisch-rekonstruktiven Beitrag zu einer machtkritisch ausgerichteten Fachdidaktik. Sie fokussiert den Deutschunterricht und die darin stattfindenden Interaktionen als diskursive Praxis, in der ein spezifisches Wissen in, über und angesichts von Sprache relevant gemacht wird. Für Subjektivierung ist jenes Wissen hochgradig wirkmächtig und bleibt den Akteur*innen im Prozess der schulischen Enkulturation doch größtenteils unbewusst. Darin liegt ein hohes Potential für die institutionelle (Re-)Produktion von Linguizismus.Vor diesem Hintergrund eröffnet die Studie einen Blick auf sprachbezogene Adressierungen, die in charakteristischer Weise vom Fach selbst ausgehen. Sie werden in (fach)didaktischen und pädagogischen Programmatiken breit kommuniziert und zeichnen sich bis auf die Ebene unterrichtlicher Praktiken ab. Um das Zusammenspiel von fachspezifischer Adressierung und Praktiken des ‚doing language‘ möglichst eng aufeinander beziehen und in rekonstruktionslogisch plausibilisierte Zusammenhänge bringen zu können, liegt der Arbeit ein wissenssoziologisch-diskursanalytischer Ansatz zugrunde.
Domain Adaptation and Representation Transfer: 5th MICCAI Workshop, DART 2023, Held in Conjunction with MICCAI 2023, Vancouver, BC, Canada, October 12, 2023, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #14293)
by M. Jorge Cardoso Sotirios A. Tsaftaris Enzo Ferrante Nicola Rieke Konstantinos Kamnitsas Lisa Koch Dong Yang Mobarakol Islam Meirui JiangThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th MICCAI Workshop on Domain Adaptation and Representation Transfer, DART 2023, which was held in conjunction with MICCAI 2023, in October 2023. The 16 full papers presented in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 32 submissions. They discuss methodological advancements and ideas that can improve the applicability of machine learning (ML)/deep learning (DL) approaches to clinical setting by making them robust and consistent across different domains.
Don't Go: Stories of Segregation and How to Disrupt It
by Maria Krysan Tonika Lewis JohnsonMultiple times a day, in cities across the US and beyond, a simple yet powerful message is repeated by the well-meaning, the ignorant, and the bigoted: “don’t go” – avoid at all costs those Black and Brown disinvested neighborhoods that have become bywords for social disorder and urban decay.This book is a collection of intimate stories and evocative photos that uncover the hidden influence of both subtle and overt “don’t go” messages and the segregation they perpetuate in Chicago. Told by everyday people to Tonika Lewis Johnson and Maria Krysan – a Black artist and a White academic who met through their shared passion for anti-segregation work – the stories paint a rich picture of life in a segregated city.One by one, the storytellers upend pessimism with candid, deeply personal, humorous, and heartbreaking tales, and with novel ideas for simple actions that can serve as antidotes to both racism and “place-ism.” By inviting readers into the lives of regular people who have ignored the warning to stay away from “don’t go” neighborhoods or who live in those very same neighborhoods, the stories in Don’t Go illuminate the devastating consequences of racial segregation and disinvestment as well as the inevitable rewards of coming together.
Don't Wait: Three Girls Who Fought for Change and Won
by Sonali KohliFollows the stories of three young women activists of color fighting for some of today&’s most pressing movements of defunding the police, environmental justice, and arts educationGirls of color have always been on the front lines of the fight for equal rights—to vote, to learn, to live—even when they are the last to benefit from the outcomes of their work. In Don&’t Wait, journalist Sonali Kohli follows three teenagers&’ efforts to make their communities safer, healthier places.Don&’t Wait highlights what propelled the teenagers into their activism to their experiences organizing and incorporates Q&As with important lessons from activists who have led the way.The three teen activists include:· Nalleli has lived across the street from an active oil well in South Los Angeles and at age 7, developed serious health problems. Nalleli and her mother take on an oil company and become environmental justice activists.· Kahlila, following the murder of George Floyd and looking to help fight back, becomes involved with the Black Lives Matter movement in Los Angeles and fights to defund school police in one of the largest school police forces in the nation.· Sonia, an accomplished singer grappling with finding an creative outlet in the pandemic, strives to increase access to arts education in schools across California.As the young women transition from teen to adult activists, Don&’t Wait reflects on the powerful lessons they&’ve learned in their activism while building movements in their communities that will continue to live on as they move forward.
Doping and Anti-Doping in Africa: Theory and Practice (Routledge Research in Sport, Culture and Society)
by Yamikani Ndasauka Simon Mathias MakwinjaThis is the first book to focus on the problem of performance-enhancing substances and methods - also known as doping - in sports from African perspectives. Placing traditional African thinking and indigenous knowledge systems at the centre of the analysis, the book shines new light on the distinctive characteristics of African sporting cultures, doping practices, the management of anti-doping, and new methods for preventing doping in sports that take into account African value systems. The book draws on multi-disciplinary work from philosophy, ethics, sociology, history and political science, and presents real world case studies of doping and anti-doping from across the African continent. It explores key themes and sites in African sport, culture and society, including African art, traditional medicine, attitudes towards doping in Africa, sport policy, education systems, media and communications, and the problem of privacy in African sports. The book also considers the uniquely African challenges in anti-doping against the background of WADA policy and practice, and wider international anti-doping efforts. This book is fascinating reading for students and researchers with an interest in sport studies, African studies, crime and deviance or public policy, and for sports administrators, sports policy makers or practitioners working in international, national or regional sports organisations.
Drag as Marketplace: Contemporary Cultures, Identities and Business
by Mikko Laamanen, Mario Campana, Maria Rita Micheli, Rohan Venkatraman and Katherine DuffyToday drag has an unprecedented mass cultural appeal. Reaching far beyond traditional queer venues and audiences into the mainstream, it has evolved into a booming industry worth millions of dollars. Drag is art, politics, lifestyle and entertainment all in one. Yet, studies examining its market value as a product, brand or consumption practice remain scarce. This interdisciplinary collection fills that void, exploring the intersection of drag and markets. Written by an international group of scholars exploring cases from Europe, Asia and the US, this will be a key resource for anyone curious about drag’s social, political and economic impact.
Drawing Coastlines: Climate Anxieties and the Visual Reinvention of Mumbai's Shore (Expertise: Cultures and Technologies of Knowledge)
by V. ChitraDrawing Coastlines reveals the ways that technical images such as weather infographics, sea-level projections, and surveys are fast remaking Mumbai's coasts and coastal futures. They set in place infrastructural interventions, vocabularies of development and conservation, and their lines and dots inscribe material conditions of existence and horizons of loss that entangle life forms. V. Chitra interlaces graphics and text by redrawing scientific images, the moments of their construction, the choices and consequences of what gets drawn and what does not, and how images are seen, performed, and manifest. These visual reconstructions show how images remake human-nonhuman relationships, arrange urban politics, and materialize landscapes in complex and contradictory ways. The multimodal format of Drawing Coastlines engages in the politics of its context where words and images combine to create coastal worlds, and to find, through a creative anthropology, openings to build new forms of care in the midst of crisis.
Dreams Achieved and Denied: Mexican Intergenerational Mobility (American Sociological Association's Rose Series)
by Robert Courtney SmithU.S.-born Mexicans in New York City have achieved perhaps the biggest single generation jump in mobility in American immigration history. In 2020, 42-percent of second-generation U.S.-born Mexican men and 49-percent of U.S.-born Mexican women in New York City had graduated from college – versus a 13-14-percent second-generation college graduation rate for most places for most studies done in recent decades. How did U.S.-born Mexicans in New York City achieve such remarkable mobility? In Dreams Achieved and Denied, sociologist Robert Courtney Smith examines the laws, policies, and individual and family practices that promoted – and inhibited – their social mobility. For over twenty years, Smith followed the lives and mobility of nearly one hundred children of Mexican immigrants in New York City. Smith’s longitudinal, ethnographic data enabled him to intimately describe how specific mechanisms blocked or promoted mobility for years as his participants moved from adolescence through early adulthood and into established adulthood. Smith documents how having or gaining legal status made certain New York City or New York State policies and practices more efficacious in supporting individual and family efforts and strategies for mobility. Such immigrant-inclusive and mobility-promoting measures include enabling undocumented people to attend public colleges at in-state tuition rates, and later to get driver’s licenses, offering healthcare to all in New York City, and the City’s subway and school choice systems, which enabled students to attend better schools or take opportunities outside their neighborhoods. Smith finds that keeping the immigrant bargain – whereby children of immigrants redeem their parents’ sacrifice by doing well in school, helping their parents and siblings, and becoming “good” people (in their parents’ words) – helped them towards better adult outcomes and lives. Having mentors, picking academically stronger schools and friends, and using second chance mechanisms also promoted more adult mobility. However, lacking legal status blocked mobility, by preventing them from benefiting from these same mobility-promoting city and state policies, from mentors, or from working hard and keeping the immigrant bargain. Dreams Achieved and Denied deeply analyzes the historic upward mobility of U.S.-born Mexicans in New York City. Itcounters the dominant story research and public discourse tell about Mexican mobility in the U.S. and shows how thoughtful public policy can improve the lives of young immigrants and families.
Drinks in Vogue: Exploring the Changing Worlds of Fashions and Beverages (Fashion Sociologies)
by David Inglis Hang Kei HoHow do fashions in drinks work, and how are drinks fashions related to changing trends in clothes and apparel? These twin questions are posed and answered by the book Drinks in Vogue. Taking a radically cross-disciplinary set of perspectives and ranging far and wide across time and space, the book considers beverages as varied as cocktails, wine, Champagne, craft beer, coffee, and mineral water. The contributors present rich case materials which illuminate key conceptual issues about how fashion dynamics work both within and across the worlds of beverages and clothes. Covering both contemporary and historical cases and drawing upon perspectives in disciplines including sociology, history, and geography, among others, the book sets out a novel research programme that intersects fashion studies with food and drinks studies.
Driving Decisions: How Autonomous Vehicles Make Sense of the World
by Sam HindDriving Decisions: How Autonomous Vehicles Make Sense of the World examines the phenomenon of autonomous driving, and the ongoing, complex, costly, and contentious quest to automate driving. Principally organized around the concept of algorithmic decision-making, the book considers how different mapping, sensing, and machine learning (ML)-dependent capabilities are gifted to autonomous vehicles through different kinds of technical work: from computer science students annotating visual data in industry-funded research centres to software engineers designing ‘end-to-end’ ML models at autonomous vehicle start-ups. The book intends to complicate, and question, typical understandings of autonomous driving by going ‘under the hood’, challenging the technological determinism or ‘decisionism’ that advocates offer of an inevitable, fully automated, future. Drawing on seven years of research in a range of empirical contexts, the book will appeal to scholars and students in the fields of science and technology studies, media studies, digital sociology, human geography, and mobilities and transport studies.
Drogen und Sucht: Eine Einführung (Basiswissen Kriminologie)
by Henning Schmidt-SemischNicht erst die jüngsten Diskussionen zu Cannabis zeigen, dass die Themen Drogen und Sucht polarisieren. Dabei werden die verschiedenen Drogen (etwa Alkohol, Cannabis oder Heroin) moralisch und rechtlich völlig unterschiedlich bewertet, wobei diese Bewertungen sich von Kultur zu Kultur unterscheiden und auch historisch äußerst wandelbar sind. In vielen Bereichen dominiert weiterhin eine kriminal- und sicherheitspolitische Herangehensweise, wobei zunehmend aber auch gesundheitspolitische Überlegungen im Sinne einer akzeptierenden Drogenpolitik relevant werden. Der Band führt in grundlegende Aspekte aus den Bereichen Drogen und Sucht ein und gibt einen kompakten, informativen Überblick über wichtige Etappen und wissenschaftliche Befunde zu Drogengeschichte, Drogenforschung und Drogenpolitik.
Drones in Society: New Visual Aesthetics (Social Visualities)
by Elisa SerafinelliThis book explores the evolving world of drones through a multifaceted lens, revealing their profound impact on society and visual culture. The comprehensive collection bridges the gap between technology and aesthetics, dissecting the transformative role drones play in various domains, from cinema and art to surveillance and environmental sensing. Each chapter, penned by leading scholars, explores the unique ways drones are redefining our visual landscape, whether in capturing unprecedented cinematic shots, aiding in critical rescue missions, or offering new perspectives in artistic endeavours. The book is an essential read for academics, professionals, and enthusiasts alike, and is a key resource for anyone seeking to comprehend the full spectrum of drone capabilities and their implications for the future of visual communication and technology. Chapter 2 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Dynamic Change Management: A Context-oriented Approach to Foster the Adaptability of Organizations (Management for Professionals)
by Martin Kupiek Bettina MarcinkowskiThis book offers a new perspective on change projects in organizations. While traditional approaches of analysis, planning, and implementation can be too slow and unsatisfactory in dynamic environments, this book introduces a context-oriented, dynamic approach that seamlessly integrates technology, processes, and people into the organizational framework. Drawing from organizational theory, it prioritizes both the formal and informal aspects of an organization's structure and culture, and emphasizes the emotional side of change. It provides practical guidance on using emotion concepts to facilitate change in a positive way, and covers key supporting technologies, communication strategies, and human resource considerations. In addition to describing the approach, the book provides helpful tips on selecting the right consultants and embedding change know-how for future initiatives. It is an indispensable resource for anyone leading a change project or looking to improve their organization's ability to adapt. So why settle for a traditional approach when you can achieve meaningful change through a dynamic, context-oriented approach?
Dynamics of Multilingualism: Spatialised Repertoires and Representations
by Caroline Kerfoot Maria KuteevaThis edited book focuses on the ways in which contemporary societal challenges are constructed, mediated and lived through language and other semiotic modalities in new on- and off-line spaces. It conceives of linguistic repertoires as part of dynamic assemblages that can enable an understanding of the ways in which different bodies, lived experiences, discourses, semiotic resources, and objects intra-act, change and ‘become’ together in unpredictable ways. The chapters reveal the conditions under which such assemblages occur and the nature of the entangled elements that enable certain practices to emerge and then either to endure or disappear, drawing on a range of critical sociolinguistic and discourse analytical methods to explore how histories, languages, bodies, and the material realisation of each space intra-act in the production of determinations of (linguistic) legitimacy and worth, shaping contemporary ideologies of belonging and, thereby, other possibilities. This book will be of interest to students and researchers in fields including sociolinguistics, anthropology, migration studies, and education.
Early Black Thinkers in the Diaspora and Their Conceptualizations of Africa
by Abdul Karim BanguraThis book argues that just as the ideas of Pan-Africanism birthed by Henry Sylvester-Williams and others in the late 1800s and Negritude ushered by Aimé Césaire and others in the early 1900s emboldened many major Black thinkers to push for independence across Africa, so will these early thinkers’ ideas help in the building of a new Africa. The various chapters explore the proposition that the thoughts of early great Diaspora Black thinkers are still wellsprings of tenets that can be used to build a new Africa. The chapters examine how these thinkers conceptualized Africa in their works, with the main objective of delineating their conceptualizations to generate suggestions on how to build a new Africa.
Early Childhood Psychopathology: Developmental Models and Treatments
by Karen R. Gouze Joyce Hopkins John V. LavigneThis book examines psychosocial risk factors contributing to the development and maintenance of psychopathology in early childhood. It draws on developmental psychopathology theory and research to discuss different approaches to the classification of early childhood emotional and behavioral disorders, address the importance of multidomain approaches to understanding risk factors for specific diagnoses, and examine the movement toward transdiagnostic conceptualizations. The book describes how multidomain models of risk factors can be integrated with transdiagnostic approaches to illuminate the development of general psychopathology, internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and singular symptom clusters of the most common early childhood disorders, including oppositional disorders, ADHD, anxiety, and depression. In addition, the volume highlights the implications of this approach for clinical treatment, training of child clinicians, and the development of public policy. Key areas of coverage include: A developmental psychopathology approach to early childhood mental health disorders and the development of multi-domain models of risk factors. Risk factors contributing to the development and maintenance of emotional and behavioral symptoms in early childhood. Transdiagnostic approaches and risk factors for general psychopathology as well as specific types of symptoms. Current treatments for disorders in early childhood and a novel integrative approach to treatment based on research findings. Training of child clinicians and social policy implications derived from the research program detailed in the book. Early Childhood Psychopathology is an essential resource for researchers, clinicians, scientist-practitioners, and graduate students in such fields as developmental, clinical child, and school psychology, child and adolescent psychiatry, social work, family studies, early childhood education, and all related disciplines.
Ecclesiology, Idealism, and World Polity: The Concordats of the Apostolic See (Palgrave Studies in Religion, Politics, and Policy)
by Mark R. RoyceThis book provides the only comprehensive analysis of concordats, the international treaties of the Apostolic See in Rome. Identifying the 167 treaties between the papacy and civil commonwealths from 1865 to 2022 at the intersection of canon, comparative, and international law, Royce indicates an overall relationship between the dominance or inferiority of Roman Catholic canon law within the contracting party and the respective ecclesiological or ideational norms of its concordat. Successive case chapters analyzing the concordats with fascist Europe, the German Länder, Latin American countries, France and Austria, the states of the Second Vatican Council, and Third World states illustrate that the norms of concordats with polities of long-standing, entrenched, continuous, or otherwise dominant Roman Catholic canon law concern the Church as an institution, whereas those with polities of new, precarious, inconstant, or otherwise inferior canon law status concern the Church as anadherent to values. This contractual law of the Apostolic See most closely aligns with the tenets of the English School of international theory. As a result, this book posits significant theoretical, legal, and empirical advances in existing knowledge of the international relations and law of the Catholic Church.
Eco-Welfare and the Energy Transition: Themes and Debates for an Emerging Interplay
by Lorenzo De VidovichThis book provides a comprehensive overview of the emerging interplay that runs between energy – seen as a basic need and a providential material service from the viewpoint of welfare studies – and eco-welfare, seen as an emerging analytical and policy paradigm that hold together the social crisis on the one hand, and the ecological crisis, on the other hand. At a time of energy transition, the interplay between the theoretical framework of eco-welfare and the topic of energy supply is little explored, and therefore, this book fills a need in the literature by providing a comprehensive framework to navigate this emerging relationship. Such a framework is strengthened by insights on energy poverty and renewable energy communities, identified as cornerstones of the analysis between energy transition and eco-welfare.
Eco-Words: The Ecology of Conversation
by Anna Lisa TotaHow many words do we use in a day? How many of them are actually necessary to convey the flow of our thoughts? And how many could we do without, if we were to fast, abstain from using words? This book examines the power of words. It explores the links between communication, language and identity, arguing for a certain gravity to the practice of speech, for offering only meaningful words to the people we talk to. We are the words we hear and utter, we are the words we think, and Anna Lisa Tota invites us to use “eco-words” to change the world we live in: “This book is a proposal to myself and to you, dear Reader, an invitation to change together: while you read and while I write, bridging the temporal and spatial gap that separates us and makes it impossible for us to help each other”. This volume will appeal to readers interested in the everyday practice of communication. It will also be useful to scholars and students of sociology, emotion, memory, body studies, philosophy, aesthetics, communication studies, psychology, and linguistics.