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CABI Encyclopedia of Forest Trees
by Cabi Cabi Nick PasiecznikThe CABI Encyclopedia of Forest Trees provides an extensive overview of 300 of the world's most important forest trees. Tropical, subtropical, temperate and boreal trees of major economic importance are included, covering tree species used in agroforestry practices around the world. Many of the species covered are considered to be 'multipurpose' trees with uses extending beyond timber alone; the land uses such as watershed protection or provision of windbreaks, and non-wood uses such as the production of medicines, resins, food and forage, are also listed. Comprehensive information is presented on each tree's importance, with a summary of the main characteristics of the species, its potential for agroforestry use and any disadvantages it possesses. The tree's botanical features such as habit, stem form, foliage, inflorescence, flower and fruit characters and phenology are covered in detail with over 70 colour plate pictures to aid identification. Also included are specific sections devoted to pests and diseases, distribution and silvicultural characteristics and practices, including seed sowing, nursery care, planting, thinning, and harvesting. In addition to the wealth of information detailed, based on datasheets from CABI's Forestry Compendium, selected references for further reading are provided for each entry, making this book an essential reference work for forestry students, researchers and practitioners.
Camel Meat and Meat Products
by Bernard Faye Osman Mahgoub Mohammed Tageldin Msafiri Mbaga David Favis-Mortlock A Bekhit Mustafa Farouk Isam KadimCamel meat has many benefits as a meat product. It has low fat content and is highly nutritious, and has potential to be used to combat hyperacidity, hypertension, pneumonia and respiratory disease. This book reviews up-to-date literature on camel meat and meat products, carcass and meat quality characteristics, muscle structure, post-mortem analysis and the nutritive value to humans. A comparatively small component of global meat consumption, camel meat has the potential to undergo an explosion of production worldwide, and currently farming for camel meat in Asia, Africa, Latin America and Australia is undergoing significant expansion. The potential of camel meat in helping to meet projected world food shortages, and being sustainably farmed, is also explored by the editors.
Chalcidoidea of Iran (Insecta: Hymenoptera)
by Hassan Ghahari Gary A.P. Gibson Gennaro ViggianiThe superfamily Chalcidoidea (Insecta, Hymenoptera) contains in excess of 26,000 described species worldwide, but with an estimated total diversity of more than 500,000 species the vast majority of species have yet to be discovered and described. Most chalcidoid species are parasitoids of hosts in at least 12 different insect orders, attacking the egg, larval or pupal stages, though phytophagy and other life cycles and hosts are known. Iran is the 18th largest country in the world and has a rich and diverse insect fauna, including Chalcidoidea. It is extremely interesting from a biogeographic point of view, and a paradise for an entomologist. This book summarizes the results of all prior research concerning species diversity of Iranian Chalcidoidea, including host records and distribution records by province in Iran as well as world distribution by country for 1,351 species of Chalcidoidea recorded from Iran through the end of 2019. The faunal diversity for each of the 20 families of Chalcidoidea known from Iran is also compared with that known for 15 adjacent countries. In addition, general information on world diversity, recognition, phylogenetic relationships and host relationships are given for each family. As such, the book will be an invaluable source of information for all those involved with chalcidoids, for anyone with an interest in insect systematics, and all those working in crop protection, especially biological control and Integrated Pest Management.
Cherries
by J. Quero-García Amy Iezzoni Joanna Puławska Gregory LangSweet and sour cherries (Prunus avium and Prunus cerasus) are important fruit crops for which demand is high and growing. A significant number of new varieties, rootstocks and training systems have been released or developed in recent years in order to improve the efficiency and profitability of cherry orchards. Cherries: Botany, Production and Uses covers the genetics, ecophysiology, production, protection and uses of cherries. Presenting up-to-date scientific data and applied information, this book is invaluable for researchers, teachers and all professionals working in the cherries value chain.
Climate Change, Adaptation and Gender: Policy, Practice and Methodological Underpinnings (CABI Climate Change Series #17)
by Dr Mamta Mehar Professor Narayan PrasadThis book offers a wide, in-depth study of the gender-climate change-agriculture nexus. The crux of understanding these connections comprises gender equality and tools to measure gender discrimination, the evolution of the concept of gender inclusiveness and its concerns; and the need to address the same by formulating gender-inclusive policymaking. Despite the fact that more than 50 years have elapsed since gender concerns were included in explorations of this nexus, there is still ambiguity around the foundations, connections, and approaches for planning gender-inclusive climate policies. This book aims to clear that ambiguity by: · Being the first to explore exclusively this issue in detail. · Revealing how and why consideration of gender is so important for understanding how climate change impacts rural communities and agricultural systems globally. · Exploring every dimension of climate change (including belief systems and perceptions, knowledge, experience, coping strategies, adaptation, and mitigation strategies) and linking it to gender. It includes new theoretical and methodological approaches that go far beyond the household as the unit of analysis (using various approaches, including intersectional analysis). The book not only throws light on major themes of research, but also covers different methodologies ranging from review methods to mathematical models, conceptual frameworks and empirical analysis. It will be of wide interest to students, scholars, and researchers in gender studies, agriculture, climate change and rural development research, and also to practitioners, extension workers, and planners designing new climate-resilient practices.
Climate Change and Cotton Production in Modern Farming Systems
by K. J. Broughton Q. Luo D. M. Oosterhuis Y. Osanai P. Payton D. T. Tissue B. K. Singh P. Bauer K Reddy Michael P Bange G. Constable J. BakerThroughout the world cotton is broadly adapted to growing in temperate, sub-tropical, and tropical environments, but growth may be challenged by future climate change. Production may be directly affected by changes in crop photosynthesis and water use due to rising CO2 and changes in regional temperature patterns. Indirect effects may result from a range of government regulations aimed at climate change mitigation. While there is certainty that future climate change will impact cotton production systems; there will be opportunities to adapt. This review begins to provide details for the formation of robust frameworks to evaluate the impact of projected climatic changes, highlight the risks and opportunities with adaptation, and details the approaches for investment in research. Ultimately, it is a multi-faceted systems-based approach that combines all elements of the cropping system that will provide the best insurance to harness the change that is occurring, and best allow cotton industries worldwide to adapt. Given that there will be no single solution for all of the challenges raised by climate change and variability, the best adaptation strategy for industry will be to develop more resilient systems. Early implementation of adaptation strategies, particularly in regard to enhancing resilience, has the potential to significantly reduce the negative impacts of climate change now and in the future.
Climate Change and Cotton Production in Modern Farming Systems (ICAC Reviews)
by Michael P Bange J. Baker P. Bauer K. J. Broughton G. Constable Q. Luo D. M. Oosterhuis Y. Osanai P. Payton D. T. Tissue K Reddy B. K. SinghThroughout the world cotton is broadly adapted to growing in temperate, sub-tropical, and tropical environments, but growth may be challenged by future climate change. Production may be directly affected by changes in crop photosynthesis and water use due to rising CO2 and changes in regional temperature patterns. Indirect effects may result from a range of government regulations aimed at climate change mitigation. While there is certainty that future climate change will impact cotton production systems; there will be opportunities to adapt. This review begins to provide details for the formation of robust frameworks to evaluate the impact of projected climatic changes, highlight the risks and opportunities with adaptation, and details the approaches for investment in research. Ultimately, it is a multi-faceted systems-based approach that combines all elements of the cropping system that will provide the best insurance to harness the change that is occurring, and best allow cotton industries worldwide to adapt. Given that there will be no single solution for all of the challenges raised by climate change and variability, the best adaptation strategy for industry will be to develop more resilient systems. Early implementation of adaptation strategies, particularly in regard to enhancing resilience, has the potential to significantly reduce the negative impacts of climate change now and in the future.
Climate Change and Infectious Fish Diseases
by Patrick T.K. Woo Jo-Ann Leong Kurt BuchmannClimate change with global warming is not disputed by the vast majority of scientists and the aquatic system is most affected. A global rise in water temperature and acidification of the aquatic environment will continue even if we can significantly reduce the current output of the two most important greenhouse gasses (carbon dioxide and methane). These and other environmental changes will affect fish health which includes infectious pathogens. This important new text is the second volume on climate change and fish health. It covers changes to the freshwater ecosystem and their current and expected effects on selected infectious diseases of fish. The book represents contributions by over 50 experts from 18 countries. Comprehensive and thought-provoking, the book details abiotic and biotic environmental changes in temperate and tropical freshwater ecosystems, sequestrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide and effects on infectious diseases (12 microbial and 10 parasitic) in economically important fish in tropical, subtropical and temperate waters. The text is key reading for fish disease scientists, aquatic ecologists, fish health consultants, veterinarians, policy makers and all who are interested in fish health and the environment.
Climate Change and Non-infectious Fish Disorders
by Kevin B. Strychar Paul W. Sammarco Jani Ti Tanzil Seng Keat Ooi Serene Hx Tay Yan Xiang Ow Siew Chin Chua Esther Clews Annette Bolton Srivatsan Raghavan Shie-Yui Liong Clara Boglione Akinyi Carol Nyaoke Hélène Volkoff Rune Waagbø Pål A. Olsvik Sofie C Remo Robert J Lennox Jacob W. Brownscombe Chris K. Elvidge Philip Harrison Kathryn Peiman Graham D. Raby Steven J. Cooke Erin Faught Juan Hernandez-Perez Jonathan Wilson Mathilakath M Vijayan Pedro M.G. Guerreiro Sveinung Fivelstad Asbjørn Bergheim Anne Berit Olsen John Colt Willem B MuiswinkelAn important new title on climate change, and its effects on selected non-infectious disorders of fish. Contains contributions by internationally recognized experts who have contributed significantly to our knowledge in this area.
Climate Change Impacts and Sustainability: Ecosystems of Tanzania (CABI Climate Change Series)
by Eugen Cyrilo Namkunda Johnson Richard J Katondo Godwin A Lema Emma T Liwenga N A Mbwambo Anselm R Mwajombe Patrick M Ndaki Agnes Ms Nyomora Noah M Pauline Florian Silangwa Kelvine C Shirima Pontian L Temba Adera Sisay Wassie Lucas E Yamat Josephine M ZimbaThis book provides a detailed analysis of the economic and environmental impacts of climate change on the tropical ecosystems in Tanzania. Topics covered include agriculture, marine resources, wildlife, and weather forecasting. The analyses concentrate on real and potential impacts of climate change, focusing on changes in temperature and precipitation. Adaptive capacity and strategies for enhancing resilience (such as changing crop types and crop patterns in farming) are described. Particular attention is paid to climate change impacts on vulnerability and resilience in communities and ecosystems with special reference to extreme events such as droughts and flooding. The book: is among the first books to analyse in detail climate change effects in Tanzania, highlighting the unique vulnerability of communities and ecosystems in East Africa from a socio-ecological point of view. discusses potential future threats as well as providing solutions to current problems. examines the application of local knowledge systems when formulating solutions. The book is essential reading for researchers on climate change and socio-economic impacts in tropical rural economies and of broad interest to climate change scientists, tropical ecologists, conservationists and agricultural scientists.
Climate Change on Diseases and Disorders of Finfish in Cage Culture
by Patrick T.K. Woo Rohana P. SubasingheThis, the third volume in the series Climate Change and Fish Health, describes how finfish in cage culture and their pathogens are directly or indirectly affected by ongoing changes to the environment. These changes, which include a global rise in water temperature with increased acidification and reduction in dissolved oxygen, will continue even if we can significantly reduce the current output of anthropogenic carbon dioxide and methane. The third edition of Diseases and Disorders of Finfish in Cage Culture has been renamed to be included in the series, and is completely updated and revised. It has: · Nine updated chapters with new expert contributions from around the world · A focus on the effects that climate change has, and will have, on finfish and their pathogens · New material includes chapters on algal blooms, biosecurity and fish welfare · An emphasis on practical recommendations and changes that can be made to improve fish health This book is key reading for all involved in cage culture of finfish, research scientists, ecologists, fish health consultants, veterinarians, policy makers and all who are interested in fish health and changes to the environment. It is a good reference text for 'workshops on fish health' and academic courses such as aquaculture and fish health.
Climate, Ticks and Disease (CABI Climate Change Series #18)
by Saeed Alasmari Neil Alexander Abdelghafar Alkishe Reiko Arai Armanda Bastos Gervasio Henrique Bechara John Beier Giovanni Benelli Joshua Benoit Dennis Bente Richard Bishop Adrien Blisnick René Bødker Fernando Boinas Sarah Bonnet Nathalie Boulanger Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz Alexandre Rodrigues Caetano Cyril Caminade Jirí Cerny´ Roxanne Albertha Charles Ali Reza Chavshin Rosalind Cornforth Neil Coughlan Peter Cox Lauren Culler Milan Daniel Vlasta Danielova Mona Dehhaghi Maria Diuk-Wasser James P Duffy Olivier Duron Lars Eisen Rebecca Eisen Jana Elsterová Koray Ergünay Agustín Estrada-Peña Li-Qun Fang Natalia Fernández-Ruiz Erol Fikrig Serhii Filatov Durland Fish Janet Foley José De Fuente Roman Ganta Aysen Gargili Keles Robin Beat Gasser Abdul Ghafar Naftaly Githaka Lucy Gilbert Maryna Golovchenko Yuval Gottlieb Ernest Gould Jeremy Gray Libor Grubhoffer Gilles J. Guillemin Kayleigh M. Hansford Charles Hart John E. Healy Deborah Hemming Stephen Higgs Andrew Hoodless Yan-Jang S. Huang Bernard Hudson Chris Huntingford Peter Irwin Abdul Jabbar Nicholas Johnson Esther Kanduma Sirri Kar Maria Kazimirova Neil Kaye Thomas C. Kelly Lene Jung Kjaer Agatha Onyemowo Kolo Eduard Korenberg Nina Król Chi-Chien Kuo Timothy J. Kurtti Xavier De Lamballerie Patrick A. Leighton Hao Li L. Robbin Lindsay Wei Liu Geoffrey E. Lynn Ilya Maclean Ben J. Mans Maristela Martins de Camargo Karen D. McCoy Jolyon M. Medlock Ulrike G. Munderloh Atle Mysterud Sukanya Narasimhan Anna Obiegala Dasiel Obregón Alvarez Dr Nick H. Ogden Mari H. Ogihara Stefan Vilges Oliveira Charlotte Oskam Domenico Otranto Kennan J. Oyen Neha Pandey Hamed Kazemi Panahi A. Townsend Peterson John H. Pettersson Martin Pfeffer L. Paul Phipps Heather J. Plumpton Tatjana Pustahija Ram Raghavan Ryan O.M Rego Annapaola Rizzoli Isobel Ronai Franz Rubel Natalie Rudenko Benjamin Ruiwen Rufus Sage Abdallah M. Samy Gustavo Seron Sanches Isabel Kinney Santos Marcello Otake Sato Megumi Sato Richard Schloeffel Seyyed Javad Seyyed-Zadeh Ladislav Šimo Sunit Kumar Singh Daniel E. Sonenshine Morgan Sparey Frederic Stachurski Snorre Stuen Matias Pablo Szabó DeMar Taylor Mike Teglas Sam R. III Saravanan Thangamani Georgia Titcomb Attila J. Trájer Michael Turell Rika Umemiya-Shirafuji Dana L. Vanlandingham Laurence Vial Margarita Villar Richard Wall André B. Wilke G. R. Wint Jianhong Wu Zbigniew Zajac Xue ZhangThis book brings together expert opinions from scientists to consider the evidence for climate change and its impacts on ticks and tick-borne infections. It considers what is meant by 'climate change', how effective climate models are in relation to ecosystems, and provides predictions for changes in climate at global, regional and local scales relevant for ticks and tick-borne infections. It examines changes to tick distribution and the evidence that climate change is responsible. The effect of climate on the physiology and behaviour of ticks is stressed, including potentially critical impacts on the tick microbiome. Given that the notoriety of ticks derives from pathogens they transmit, the book considers whether changes in climate affect vector capacity. Ticks transmit a remarkable range of micro- and macro-parasites many of which are pathogens of humans and domesticated animals. The intimacy between a tick-borne agent and a tick vector means that any impacts of climate on a tick vector will impact tick-borne pathogens. Most obviously, such impacts will be apparent as changes in disease incidence and prevalence. The evidence that climate change is affecting diseases caused by tick-borne pathogens is considered, along with the potential to make robust predictions of future events. This book contains: Expert opinions and predictions. Global coverage of trends in ticks and disease. In-depth examination of climate change and tick distribution links. This book is suitable for researchers and students studying zoology, biological sciences, medical entomology, animal health, veterinary medicine, epidemiology, parasitology, and climate change impacts; and for those concerned with public health planning or livestock management where ticks and tick-borne pathogens pose a threat.
The Coconut: Botany, Production and Uses (Botany, Production and Uses)
by E. A. Aguilar J. Alouw F. C. Beveridge M. A. Bezerra R. Bhat R. Cave K. Chapman R. Dakshayani F. M. Dayrit P. D. Dissanayake H. R. Gheyi K. B. Hebbar V. B. Johnson Sundaravelpandian Kalaipandian S. Karouw A. C. Khanashyam E.Y.Y. Kong C.F.D. Lacerda J. C. Lacsina M. R. Manikantan E. C. Manohar Z. Mu M. Narváez M. F. Neto Q. T. Nguyen C. Oropeza C. F. Ortiz R. Pandiselvam B. Panis A. Peña L. Perera S. Periasamy S. Rajkumar M. Ramaswamy S. V. Ramesh E. Ramos N. Satyaseelan C. Silverio S. Sisunandar P. Subramanian P. A. Sukumar R. S. Veluchamy V.R.M. Vidhanaarachchi H. Wilms C. YangThe coconut palm (Cocos nucifera L.) is one of the world's most important palms, and contributes significantly to the income and livelihood of many people in tropical countries. Widely referred to as the 'tree of life', coconut has been used as a source of food, drink, oil, medicine, shelter and wood for around 500 years. Every part of the coconut palm can be utilized. The demand for coconut fruit and its products has increased recently as people have become aware of its nutritional and health benefits, especially those of coconut water and virgin coconut oil. This book covers all aspects of coconut including origins and diversity; ecophysiology; production in a changing climate; pests and diseases; harvest and postharvest management; breeding and genetics; as well as the current and future status of coconut as an economic crop. This book is a key resource for researchers and students in horticulture, plant science and agriculture, and those interested in the production of tropical crops, and practitioners in the coconut industry.
Comparative Animal Nutrition and Metabolism
by Ellen Dierenfeld Peter Robert CheekeNutrition is a very broad discipline, encompassing biochemistry, physiology, endocrinology, immunology, microbiology and pathology. Presenting the major principles of nutrition of both domestic and wild animals, this book takes a comparative approach, recognising that there are considerable differences in nutrient digestion, metabolism and requirements among various mammalian and avian species. Explaining species differences in food selection, food-seeking and digestive strategies and their significance to nutritional needs, chapters cover a broad range of topics including digestive physiology, metabolic disorders and specific nutrients such as carbohydrates proteins and lipids, with particular attention being paid to nutritional and metabolic idiosyncrasies. It is an essential text for students of animal and veterinary sciences.
The Concept of Ecostacking: Techniques and Applications (Ecostacking Series)
by Heikki M.T. Hokkanen Dr Ingeborg Menzler-Hokkanen James D Blande Fanny Boerave Dr Daniel Carrillo Tomislav Cernava Xiaoyulong Chen Wen-Qiang Chu Gloria Gauthura Severin Hatt Jarmo K Holopainen Fathiya Khamis Pål Kvello Guang-Yun Li Dr Yaying Li Beatrice Muriithi Jinzhi Niu Levi Ombura Xian Wang Ziying Wang Qiu Yang Wei Yixia Wu Li Ya-Ying Kaijun ZhangEcostacking is a new concept and approach which aims to maximize the benefits of ecosystem service providers in cropping systems to help achieve the goal of long-term sustainable agriculture and food production. The term "ecostacking" means combining synergistically the beneficial services of functional biodiversity from all levels and types. It is a comprehensive approach, where the various ecosystem service providers are fully integrated with the rest of the cropping system including agronomic practices. It is an approach which goes beyond conventional Integrated Pest Management practises, and attempts to take advantage of all the functional biodiversity of a system. The main focus of ecostacking is on maximizing ecosystem services for biological control and pollination from beneficial arthropods, but the approach also utilizes other invertebrates (e.g., earthworms) as well as beneficial vertebrates such as bats, birds and small mammals. Microbes also provide invaluable ecosystem services including pest, disease, and weed control, either directly as components of "suppressive soils" or as plant colonizers (as endophytes or as epiphytic microbial flora). The ecostacking approach also aims to maximize other nature-provided services such as maintenance of soil health and nutrient cycling. The Concept of Ecostacking is the first book in a series which introduces ecostacking concepts to the reader and explores how this approach can be used in a variety of ways and in different cropping systems. The book defines this new concept and shows, using illustrative case studies from around the world, how ecostacking principles can be successfully employed in cropping systems in the open field, in greenhouses and in forestry. This book: · will serve as inspiration for developing further applications of this breakthrough technology for sustainable agricultural production. · is a must-read for everyone with an interest in developing sustainable crop protection systems and ecosystem management. · has been written and edited by the world's leading experts in this new and exciting endeavour.
Conservation Agriculture
by Ram Jat Amir Kassam Kanwar SahrawatThe book covers the spread of conservation agriculture (CA) to regions including Brazil, Argentina, Canada, Australia, Europe and emerging CA destinations in Asia and Africa. Topics covered include the various components of CA, and how their individual and combined implementation influence productivity, soil health and environmental quality under diverse edaphic and climatic conditions. The book will be useful to teachers, researchers, extensionists, farmers, and students interested in environmental quality.
Conservation Agriculture: Global Prospects and Challenges
by Amir KassamThe book covers the spread of conservation agriculture (CA) to regions including Brazil, Argentina, Canada, Australia, Europe and emerging CA destinations in Asia and Africa. Topics covered include the various components of CA, and how their individual and combined implementation influence productivity, soil health and environmental quality under diverse edaphic and climatic conditions. The book will be useful to teachers, researchers, extensionists, farmers, and students interested in environmental quality.
Conservation Agriculture for Africa
by Amir H. Kassam Saidi Mkomwa Theodor FriedrichTillage agriculture has led to widespread soil and ecosystem degradation globally. This is especially so in Africa where traditional and modern tillage-based agricultural practices have become unsustainable due to severe disturbance and exploitation of natural resources, with negative impacts on the environment and rural livelihoods. In addition, agriculture in Africa today faces major challenges including increased costs of production and energy, the effects of climate change, and the lack of an effective paradigm for sustainable intensification, especially for small- and medium-size holdings. Africa is facing a serious challenge to food security and as a continent has not advanced towards eradicating hunger. In addition, the population is still growing much faster than on most other continents. This pressure has led to the emergence of no-till conservation agriculture as a serious alternative sustainable agriculture paradigm. In Africa, in recent years, conservation agriculture techniques and methods have spread to many countries, as greater development, education and research effort are directed towards its extension and uptake. This book is aimed at agricultural researchers and scientists, educationalists, and agricultural service providers, institutional leaders and policy makers working in the fields of sustainable agriculture and international development, and also at agroecologists, conservation scientists, and those working on ecosystem services. This book: #65533; Focuses on research and development initiatives in Africa aimed at building resilient farming systems based on conservation agriculture principles and practices. #65533; Summarises the status of conservation agriculture in Africa today and prospects for its future development in Africa as a basis for sustainable agriculture intensification. #65533; Describes case studies showing the performance of conservation agriculture in Africa.
Conservation Agriculture in Africa: Climate Smart Agricultural Development
by Mohamed Annabi Haithem Bahri Mloza Banda Gotlieb Basch Richard Bell Alexandra Bot Trent W Bunderson Martin Bwalya Hatem Cheikh M’hamed Cornelius Chiduza Cary Clark Demba Diakhaté Mazwi Dlamini Sjoerd Duiker Alioune Fall Aymen Frija Patrick Gicheru Josiah Gitari Tom Goddard Emilio Gonzalez-Sanchez Isaac Gura Enamul Haque Michel Havard Zied Idoudi Mohammad Jahiruddin Zwide D Jere Josef Kienzle Onesmos Kitonyo Erna Kruger Peter Kuria Phlorentin Philip Lagwen Simon Lugandu Ngari Macharia Temakholo Mathebula Sixolise Mcinga Alfred Micheni Neil Miller Frank Mmbando Rachid Moussadek Pearson Nyari Mnkeni Rachid Mrabet Ndabhemeye Mulengera Walter Mupangwa Joseph Mureithi R. M. Museka Weldone Mutai Munyaradzi Mutenje Lindah Muzangwa Remmy Mwakimbwala Andre A Nel James Njeru Rama Ngatoluwa Phumzile Ngcobo Isaiah Nyagumbo Putso Nyathi Ricardo Ralisch Leonard Rusinamhodzi John Sariah Ibrahima Sarr Peter Setimela Richard Shetto Reynolds K. Shula Brian G. Sims Hendrik J. Smith Dimas Soares Júnior Peter Steward Johann Strauss Christian Thierfelder Gerhardus Trytsman Jean Twilingiyumukiza Carl Wahl Peter Waweru Nouhoun ZampaligreTillage agriculture has led to widespread soil and ecosystem degradation globally, and more particularly in the developing regions. This is especially so in Africa where traditional agricultural practices have become unsustainable due to severe exploitation of natural resources with negative impacts on the environment and food system. In addition, agricultural land use in Africa today faces major challenges including increased costs, climate change and a need to transform to more sustainable production intensification systems. Conservation Agriculture has emerged as a major alternative sustainable climate smart agriculture approach in Africa and has spread to many African countries in the past decade as more development and research, including in sustainable mechanization, has enabled its extension and uptake. It is key to transforming Africa's agriculture and food system given its ability to restore soil health, biodiversity and productivity of millions of smallholder farms as well as larger-scale farms. This landmark volume is based on the material presented at the Second Africa Congress on Conservation Agriculture which was held in Johannesburg, South Africa, 9-12 October 2018. The main theme of the Congress was 'Making Climate Smart Agriculture Real in Africa with Conservation Agriculture: Supporting the Malabo Declaration and Agenda 2063'. The Congress was aligned to mobilize stakeholders in all agriculture sectors to provide greater technical, institutional, development and investment support, impetus and direction to the vision and agenda for transforming African agriculture as set out by the Malabo Declaration and Agenda 2063. This book is aimed at all agricultural stakeholders in the public, private and civil sectors in Africa engaged in supporting the transformation of conventional tillage agriculture to Conservation Agriculture. The book will be of interest to: researchers, academics, students, development stakeholders, public and private sector investors and policy makers as well as institutional libraries across the world.
Conservation and Management of Tropical Rainforests: An integrated approach to sustainability
by Eberhard F BruenigThis new edition of Conservation and Management of Tropical Rainforests applies the large body of knowledge, experience and tradition available to those who study tropical rainforests. Revised and updated in light of developments in science, technology, economics, politics, etc. and their effects on tropical forests, it describes the principles of integrated conservation and management that lead to sustainability, identifying the unifying phenomena that regulate the processes within the rainforest and that are fundamental to the ecosystem viability. Features of the natural forest and the socio-cultural ecosystems which can be mimicked in the design of self-sustaining forests are also discussed. A holistic approach to the management and conservation of rainforests is developed throughout the book. The focus on South-East Asian forestry will be widened to include Africa and Latin America. Recent controversial issues such as biofuels and carbon credits with respect to tropical forests and their inhabitants will be discussed. This book is a substantial contribution to the literature, it is a valuable resource for all those concerned with rainforests. Cover Photo: The group of five Iban resting on rocky cliffs in the Ulu Katibas in 1957 were traditional shag (Sect. 2.2, p. 86) farmers from the longhouse of Penguluh Ngali in the steep-hilly Ulu Ai (Ai river headwaters) below the Lanyak Entimau Protected Forest in the PFE (see p. 339). They were part of the native Iban complement in an exploratory survey by F.G. Browne, (Chief) Conservator of Forests Sarawak and Chairman of the Iban Resettlement Board, myself as SFO Kuching and team leader, and my assistant, D. Parson. We had crossed the watershed eastward along a former headhunter trail and got lost for an additional week in the legendary, fascinatingly wild, almost virgin-primary, timber- and biodiversity/species-rich Mixed Dipterocarp Forest (MDF, see pp. xiv and 397) of the Ulu Katibas-Kapuas hill country. Our mission was to assess three alternative land-use options: logging and conversion to production forestry; agriculture; or TPA-NP (pp. xiv-xv). Our conclusion at the end of the crossing was that only TPA - NP was feasible; the Iban farming community had to be resettled on better, more suitable land and soil in Northern Sarawak. Upon returning to Kuching, we recommended the creation of a large, continuous TPA-NP. Iban villagers, tribal leaders and the Government (Governor Sir Anthony Abell) agreed. Strict adherence to the decreed Forest Policy (see pp. 171-173) and the application of the classic phronesis approach (see p. 341) had ensured the establishment and survival of large tracts of MDF and other forest types as TPA, such as the Batang Ai National Park (20,040 ha), Ulu Sebuyau National Park (18,287 ha) and Lanyak Entimau Wildlife Sanctuary (182,983 ha), and enabled their inclusion in the current Malaysian (Sarawak and Sabah)-Indonesian transboundary 'Heart of Borneo' programme of biodiversity, species preservation, nature conservation and environmental protection (Photo EFB, 1957).
Coping with Risk in Agriculture
by J Brian Hardaker Ruud B Huirne Gudbrand Lien Jock R AndersonRisk and uncertainty are inescapable factors in agriculture which require careful management. Farmers face production risks from the weather, crop and livestock performance, and pests and diseases, as well as institutional, personal and business risks. This revised third edition of the popular textbook includes updated chapters on theory and methods and contains a new chapter discussing the state-contingent approach to the analysis of production and the use of copulas to better model stochastic dependency. Aiming to introduce agricultural decision making, probability and risk preference, this book is an indispensable guide for students and researchers of agriculture and agribusiness management.
Coping with Risk in Agriculture: Applied Decision Analysis
by J Brian Hardaker Ruud B Huirne Jock R Anderson Gudbrand LienRisk and uncertainty are inescapable factors in agriculture which require careful management. Farmers face production risks from the weather, crop and livestock performance, and pests and diseases, as well as institutional, personal and business risks. This revised third edition of the popular textbook includes updated chapters on theory and methods and contains a new chapter discussing the state-contingent approach to the analysis of production and the use of copulas to better model stochastic dependency. Aiming to introduce agricultural decision making, probability and risk preference, this book is an indispensable guide for students and researchers of agriculture and agribusiness management.
Crisis and Conflict in Agriculture
by Rami Zurayk Eckart Woertz Rachel BahnThis book discusses the causes and effects of crisis and conflict within an agricultural and rural context. It explores issues such as competition over resources, and looks at how crisis and conflict impact upon developing country agriculture for both the physical and human agricultural landscape. It reviews crises stemming from politically-driven violence, natural disasters and climate change. Exploring the relationship between agriculture and conflicts and crises before, during and after crisis periods, this book: - Evaluates controversial issues such as land-grabs and the growing of illegal crops; - Covers methodological approaches including GIS-based studies, ethnographic studies and the blending of methods; - Includes numerous case studies on developing countries within Asia, Latin America, Middle East-North Africa, and Sub-Saharan Africa. Providing detailed knowledge about the interactions of agriculture, conflict and crisis, this book aims to inform future policymaking for reconstruction and to foster resilience in the agricultural sector. An important resource for researchers of agricultural economics, development studies, sustainable agriculture and food security, it is also an illuminating read for students of these disciplines and agricultural extension workers.
Crisis and Conflict in Agriculture
by Rami Zurayk Eckart Woertz Rachel BahnThis book discusses the causes and effects of crisis and conflict within an agricultural and rural context. It explores issues such as competition over resources, and looks at how crisis and conflict impact upon developing country agriculture for both the physical and human agricultural landscape. It reviews crises stemming from politically-driven violence, natural disasters and climate change. Exploring the relationship between agriculture and conflicts and crises before, during and after crisis periods, this book: - Evaluates controversial issues such as land-grabs and the growing of illegal crops; - Covers methodological approaches including GIS-based studies, ethnographic studies and the blending of methods; - Includes numerous case studies on developing countries within Asia, Latin America, Middle East-North Africa, and Sub-Saharan Africa. Providing detailed knowledge about the interactions of agriculture, conflict and crisis, this book aims to inform future policymaking for reconstruction and to foster resilience in the agricultural sector. An important resource for researchers of agricultural economics, development studies, sustainable agriculture and food security, it is also an illuminating read for students of these disciplines and agricultural extension workers.
Crop Pollination by Bees, Volume 1: Evolution, Ecology, Conservation, and Management
by Dr Keith DelaplaneSince the second half of the 20th Century, our agricultural bee pollinators have faced mounting threats from ecological disturbance and pan-global movement of pathogens and parasites. At the same time, the area of pollinator-dependent crops is increasing globally with no end in sight. Never before has so much been asked of our finite pool of bee pollinators. This book not only explores the evolutionary and ecologic bases of these dynamics, it translates this knowledge into practical research-based guidance for using bees to pollinate crops. It emphasizes conserving wild bee populations as well as culturing honey bees, bumble bees, and managed solitary bees. To cover such a range of biology, theory, and practice from the perspectives of both the pollinator and the crop, the book is divided into two volumes. Volume 1 focuses on bees, their biology, coevolution with plants, foraging ecology and management, and gives practical ways to increase bee abundance and pollinating performance on the farm. Volume 2 (also available from CABI) focuses on crops, with chapters addressing crop-specific requirements and bee pollination management recommendations. Both volumes will be essential reading for farmers, horticulturists and gardeners, researchers and professionals working in insect ecology and conservation, and students of entomology and crop protection.