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Distributed User Interfaces
by José A. Gallud Victor M.R. Penichet Ricardo TesorieroThe recent advances in display technologies and mobile devices is having an important effect on the way users interact with all kinds of devices (computers, mobile devices, laptops, tablets, and so on). These are opening up new possibilities for interaction, including the distribution of the UI (User Interface) amongst different devices, and implies that the UI can be split and composed, moved, copied or cloned among devices running the same or different operating systems. These new ways of manipulating the UI are considered under the emerging topic of Distributed User Interfaces (DUIs). DUIs are concerned with the repartition of one of many elements from one or many user interfaces in order to support one or many users to carry out one or many tasks on one or many domains in one or many contexts of use - each context of use consisting of users, platforms, and environments. The 20 chapters in the book cover between them the state-of-the-art, the foundations, and original applications of DUIs. Case studies are also included, and the book culminates with a review of interesting and novel applications that implement DUIs in different scenarios.
Optimal Mobile Sensing and Actuation Policies in Cyber-physical Systems
by Yangquan Chen Christophe TricaudA successful cyber-physical system, a complex interweaving of hardware and software with some part of the physical environment, depends on proper identification of the, often pre-existing, physical element. A bespoke "cyber" part of the system may then be designed from scratch. Optimal Mobile Sensing and Actuation Strategies in Cyber-physical Systems focuses on distributed-parameter systems the dynamics of which can be modelled with partial differential equations. These are very challenging to observe, their states and inputs being distributed throughout a spatial domain. Consequently, systematic approaches to the optimization of sensor location have to be devised for parameter estimation. The text begins by reviewing the field of cyber-physical systems and introducing background notions of distributed parameter systems and optimal observation theory. New research problems are then defined within this framework. Two important problems considered are optimal mobile sensor trajectory planning and the accuracy effects and allocation of remote sensors. These are followed up with a solution to the problem of optimal robust estimation. Actuation policies are then introduced into the framework with the purpose of improving estimation and optimizing the trajectories of both sensors and actuators simultaneously. The large number of illustrations within the text will assist the reader to visualize the application of the methods proposed. A group of similar examples are used throughout the book to help the reader assimilate the material more easily. The monograph concentrates on the use of methods for which a cyber-physical-systems infrastructure is required. The methods are computationally heavy and require mobile sensors and actuators with communications abilities. Application examples cover fields from environmental science to national security so that readers are encouraged to link the ideas of cyber-physical systems with their own research.
Euclidean Shortest Paths
by Fajie Li Reinhard KletteThis unique text/reference reviews algorithms for the exact or approximate solution of shortest-path problems, with a specific focus on a class of algorithms called rubberband algorithms. Discussing each concept and algorithm in depth, the book includes mathematical proofs for many of the given statements. Topics and features: provides theoretical and programming exercises at the end of each chapter; presents a thorough introduction to shortest paths in Euclidean geometry, and the class of algorithms called rubberband algorithms; discusses algorithms for calculating exact or approximate ESPs in the plane; examines the shortest paths on 3D surfaces, in simple polyhedrons and in cube-curves; describes the application of rubberband algorithms for solving art gallery problems, including the safari, zookeeper, watchman, and touring polygons route problems; includes lists of symbols and abbreviations, in addition to other appendices.
Reset Control Systems
by Antonio Barreiro Alfonso BañosReset Control Systems addresses the analysis for reset control treating both its basic form, and some useful variations of the reset action and reset condition. The issues regarding reset control - concepts and motivation; analysis tools; and the application of design methodologies to real-world examples - are given thorough coverage. The text opens with a historical perspective which moves from the seminal work of the Clegg integrator and Horowitz FORE to more recent approaches based on impulsive/hybrid control systems and explains the motivation for reset compensation. Preliminary material is also included. The focus then turns to stability analysis for systems using techniques which account for various time- and frequency-domain criteria. The final section of the book is centered on control systems design and application. The PI+CI compensator is detailed as are a proposed frequency domain approach using quantitative feedback theory and ideas for design improvement. Design examples are given.
Distributed Multiple Description Coding
by Yao Zhao Huihui Bai Jeng-Shyang Pan Ajith Abraham Anhong WangThis book examines distributed video coding (DVC) and multiple description coding (MDC), two novel techniques designed to address the problems of conventional image and video compression coding. Covering all fundamental concepts and core technologies, the chapters can also be read as independent and self-sufficient, describing each methodology in sufficient detail to enable readers to repeat the corresponding experiments easily. Topics and features: provides a broad overview of DVC and MDC, from the basic principles to the latest research; covers sub-sampling based MDC, quantization based MDC, transform based MDC, and FEC based MDC; discusses Sleplian-Wolf coding based on Turbo and LDPC respectively, and comparing relative performance; includes original algorithms of MDC and DVC; presents the basic frameworks and experimental results, to help readers improve the efficiency of MDC and DVC; introduces the classical DVC system for mobile communications, providing the developmental environment in detail.
Traffic-Sign Recognition Systems
by Petia Radeva Jordi Vitrià Xavier Baró Oriol Pujol Sergio EscaleraThis work presents a full generic approach to the detection and recognition of traffic signs. The approach is based on the latest computer vision methods for object detection, and on powerful methods for multiclass classification. The challenge was to robustly detect a set of different sign classes in real time, and to classify each detected sign into a large, extensible set of classes. To address this challenge, several state-of-the-art methods were developed that can be used for different recognition problems. Following an introduction to the problems of traffic sign detection and categorization, the text focuses on the problem of detection, and presents recent developments in this field. The text then surveys a specific methodology for the problem of traffic sign categorization - Error-Correcting Output Codes - and presents several algorithms, performing experimental validation on a mobile mapping application. The work ends with a discussion on future research and continuing challenges.
Software and Systems Traceability
by Orlena Gotel Jane Huang Andrea ZismanSoftware and Systems Traceability provides a comprehensive description of the practices and theories of software traceability across all phases of the software development lifecycle. The term software traceability is derived from the concept of requirements traceability. Requirements traceability is the ability to track a requirement all the way from its origins to the downstream work products that implement that requirement in a software system. Software traceability is defined as the ability to relate the various types of software artefacts created during the development of software systems. Traceability relations can improve the quality of a product being developed, and reduce the time and cost of development. More specifically, traceability relations can support evolution of software systems, reuse of parts of a system by comparing components of new and existing systems, validation that a system meets its requirements, understanding of the rationale for certain design and implementation decisions, and analysis of the implications of changes in the system.
Fractional Processes and Fractional-Order Signal Processing
by Hu Sheng Yangquan Chen Tianshuang QiuFractional processes are widely found in science, technology and engineering systems. In Fractional Processes and Fractional-order Signal Processing, some complex random signals, characterized by the presence of a heavy-tailed distribution or non-negligible dependence between distant observations (local and long memory), are introduced and examined from the 'fractional' perspective using simulation, fractional-order modeling and filtering and realization of fractional-order systems. These fractional-order signal processing (FOSP) techniques are based on fractional calculus, the fractional Fourier transform and fractional lower-order moments. Fractional Processes and Fractional-order Signal Processing: presents fractional processes of fixed, variable and distributed order studied as the output of fractional-order differential systems; introduces FOSP techniques and the fractional signals and fractional systems point of view; details real-world-application examples of FOSP techniques to demonstrate their utility; and provides important background material on Mittag-Leffler functions, the use of numerical inverse Laplace transform algorithms and supporting MATLAB® codes together with a helpful survey of relevant webpages. Readers will be able to use the techniques presented to re-examine their signals and signal-processing methods. This text offers an extended toolbox for complex signals from diverse fields in science and engineering. It will give academic researchers and practitioners a novel insight into the complex random signals characterized by fractional properties, and some powerful tools to analyze those signals.
Fundamentals of C++ and Data Structures, Advanced Course (2nd Edition)
by Kenneth Lambert Thomas NapsFollowing the success of Fundamentals of Program Design and Data Structures by Lambert and Naps, C++ Advanced Course is essential for a second course in Computer Science. Completely updated, this text provides in-depth coverage to help students prepare for the AP exam, Exam AB. A full introduction to the essential features of C++ is provided and programming techniques are emphasized in the context of interesting and realistic case problems. This text is compatible with C++ compilers from Microsoft, Borland, and Metrowerks.
Lossy Image Compression
by K K Shukla M. V. PrasadImage compression is concerned with minimization of the number of information carrying units used to represent an image. Lossy compression techniques incur some loss of information which is usually imperceptible. In return for accepting this distortion, we obtain much higher compression ratios than is possible with lossless compression. Salient features of this book include: four new image compression algorithms and implementation of these algorithms; detailed discussion of fuzzy geometry measures and their application in image compression algorithms; new domain decomposition based algorithms using image quality measures and study of various quality measures for gray scale image compression; compression algorithms for different parallel architectures and evaluation of time complexity for encoding on all architectures; parallel implementation of image compression algorithms on a cluster in Parallel Virtual Machine (PVM) environment.
Guide to ILDJIT
by Simone CampanoniThis book is a guide to getting started with ILDJIT, a compilation framework designed to be both easily extensible and easily configurable. Within this framework, it is possible to build a tool-chain by customizing ILDJIT for specific purposes. Customizations can be used within both static and dynamic compilers already included in the framework without adaptations. Moreover, customizations allow modification of both the behaviors and the characteristics of these compilers to better satisfy the particular need. Currently, ILDJIT is able to translate bytecode programs to generate machine code for both Intel x86 and ARM processors. By relying on ILDJIT technology, more input languages or platforms can be supported. After an introduction to ILDJIT, this guide goes into detail on how to exploit it by extending the framework to match specific requirements. Finally, there is an introduction and discussion of the design choices followed during the authors' years of development efforts towards ILDJIT.
Evolutionary Game Design
by Cameron BrowneThe book describes the world's first successful experiment in fully automated board game design. Evolutionary methods were used to derive new rule sets within a custom game description language, and self-play trials used to estimate each derived game's potential to interest human players. The end result is a number of new and interesting games, one of which has proved popular and gone on to be commercially published.
Information Modeling for Interoperable Dimensional Metrology
by Y Zhao Robert Brown T Kramer Xun XuDimensional metrology is an essential part of modern manufacturing technologies, but the basic theories and measurement methods are no longer sufficient for today's digitized systems. The information exchange between the software components of a dimensional metrology system not only costs a great deal of money, but also causes the entire system to lose data integrity. Information Modeling for Interoperable Dimensional Metrology analyzes interoperability issues in dimensional metrology systems and describes information modeling techniques. It discusses new approaches and data models for solving interoperability problems, as well as introducing process activities, existing and emerging data models, and the key technologies of dimensional metrology systems. Written for researchers in industry and academia, as well as advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students, this book gives both an overview and an in-depth understanding of complete dimensional metrology systems. By covering in detail the theory and main content, techniques, and methods used in dimensional metrology systems, Information Modeling for Interoperable Dimensional Metrology enables readers to solve real-world dimensional measurement problems in modern dimensional metrology practices.
Multicore Programming Using the ParC Language
by Yosi Ben-AsherMulticore Programming Using the ParC Language discusses the principles of practical parallel programming using shared memory on multicore machines. It uses a simple yet powerful parallel dialect of C called ParC as the basic programming language. Designed to be used in an introductory course in parallel programming and covering basic and advanced concepts of parallel programming via ParC examples, the book combines a mixture of research directions, covering issues in parallel operating systems, and compilation techniques relevant for shared memory and multicore machines. Multicore Programming Using the ParC Language provides a firm basis for the 'delicate art' of creating efficient parallel programs. Students can exercise parallel programming using a simulation software, which is portable on PC/Unix multicore computers, to gain experience without requiring specialist hardware. Students can also help to cement their learning by completing the great many challenging and exciting exercises which accompany each chapter.
Serious Games and Edutainment Applications
by Lakhmi C. Jain Andreas Oikonomou Minhua MaThe recent re-emergence of serious games as a branch of video games and as a promising frontier of education has introduced the concept of games designed for a serious purpose other than pure entertainment. To date the major applications of serious games include education and training, engineering, medicine and healthcare, military applications, city planning, production, crisis response, to name just a few. If utilised alongside, or combined with conventional training and educational approaches, serious games could provide a more powerful means of knowledge transfer in almost every application domain. Serious Games and Edutainment Applications offers an insightful introduction to the development and applications of games technologies in educational settings. It includes cutting-edge academic research and industry updates that will inform readers of current and future advances in the area. The book is suitable for both researchers and educators who are interested in using games for educational purposes, as well as game professionals requiring a thorough understanding of issues involved in the application of video games technology into educational settings. It is also applicable to programmers, game artists, and management contemplating or involved in the development of serious games for educational or training purposes.
Video Processing in the Cloud
by Rafael Silva Pereira Karin K. BreitmanAs computer systems evolve, the volume of data to be processed increases significantly, either as a consequence of the expanding amount of available information, or due to the possibility of performing highly complex operations that were not feasible in the past. Nevertheless, tasks that depend on the manipulation of large amounts of information are still performed at large computational cost, i.e., either the processing time will be large, or they will require intensive use of computer resources. In this scenario, the efficient use of available computational resources is paramount, and creates a demand for systems that can optimize the use of resources in relation to the amount of data to be processed. This problem becomes increasingly critical when the volume of information to be processed is variable, i.e., there is a seasonal variation of demand. Such demand variations are caused by a variety of factors, such as an unanticipated burst of client requests, a time-critical simulation, or high volumes of simultaneous video uploads, e.g. as a consequence of a public contest. In these cases, there are moments when the demand is very low (resources are almost idle) while, conversely, at other moments, the processing demand exceeds the resources capacity. Moreover, from an economical perspective, seasonal demands do not justify a massive investment in infrastructure, just to provide enough computing power for peak situations. In this light, the ability to build adaptive systems, capable of using on demand resources provided by Cloud Computing infrastructures is very attractive.
Robust Data Mining
by Panos M. Pardalos Theodore B. Trafalis Petros XanthopoulosData uncertainty is a concept closely related with most real life applications that involve data collection and interpretation. Examples can be found in data acquired with biomedical instruments or other experimental techniques. Integration of robust optimization in the existing data mining techniques aim to create new algorithms resilient to error and noise. This work encapsulates all the latest applications of robust optimization in data mining. This brief contains an overview of the rapidly growing field of robust data mining research field and presents the most well known machine learning algorithms, their robust counterpart formulations and algorithms for attacking these problems. This brief will appeal to theoreticians and data miners working in this field.
Ultra-Wideband Radio Frequency Identification Systems
by Farid Dowla Faranak NekoogarUltra-wideband Radio Frequency Identification Systems describes the essentials of radio frequency identification (RFID)systems as well as their target markets. The book covers a study of commercially available RFID systems and characterizes their performance in terms of read range and reliability in the presence of conductive and dielectric materials. The capabilities and limitations of commercial RFID systems are reported followed by comprehensive discussions of the advantages and challenges of using ultra-wideband (UWB) technology for tag/reader communications. The book presents practical aspects of RFID system such as: EPC global and ISO standards, implementation, and target markets in a simple and easy to understand language.
Information Security for Automatic Speaker Identification
by Fathi E. El-SamieThe author covers the fundamentals of both information and communication security including current developments in some of the most critical areas of automatic speech recognition. Included are topics on speech watermarking, speech encryption, steganography, multilevel security systems comprising speaker identification, real transmission of watermarked or encrypted speech signals, and more. The book is especially useful for information security specialist, government security analysts, speech development professionals, and for individuals involved in the study and research of speech recognition at advanced levels.
Hardware/Software Architectures for Low-Power Embedded Multimedia Systems
by Muhammad Shafique Jörg HenkelThis book presents techniques for energy reduction in adaptive embedded multimedia systems, based on dynamically reconfigurable processors. The approach described will enable designers to meet performance/area constraints, while minimizing video quality degradation, under various, run-time scenarios. Emphasis is placed on implementing power/energy reduction at various abstraction levels. To enable this, novel techniques for adaptive energy management at both processor architecture and application architecture levels are presented, such that both hardware and software adapt together, minimizing overall energy consumption under unpredictable, design-/compile-time scenarios.
Fuzzy Stochastic Optimization
by Shuming Wang Junzo WatadaCovering in detail both theoretical and practical perspectives, this book is a self-contained and systematic depiction of current fuzzy stochastic optimization that deploys the fuzzy random variable as a core mathematical tool to model the integrated fuzzy random uncertainty. It proceeds in an orderly fashion from the requisite theoretical aspects of the fuzzy random variable to fuzzy stochastic optimization models and their real-life case studies. The volume reflects the fact that randomness and fuzziness (or vagueness) are two major sources of uncertainty in the real world, with significant implications in a number of settings. In industrial engineering, management and economics, the chances are high that decision makers will be confronted with information that is simultaneously probabilistically uncertain and fuzzily imprecise, and optimization in the form of a decision must be made in an environment that is doubly uncertain, characterized by a co-occurrence of randomness and fuzziness. This book begins by outlining the history and development of the fuzzy random variable before detailing numerous optimization models and applications that include the design of system controls for a dam.
Robin Williams Design Workshop (2nd Edition)
by Robin Williams John TollettLearn design theory and practical know-how from the award-winning author/design team, Robin Williams and John Tollett! Robin Williams introduced design and typographic principles to legions of readers with her best-selling Non-Designer's book series. Now she and designer/co-author John Tollett take you to the next level of creative design with practical advice and lessons in composition, visual impact, and design challenges. Presented in Robin and John's signature style--writing that is so crystal clear, it's accessible to absolutely anyone--and illustrated with hundreds of full-color design examples, the ideas in this book tackle design theory, visual puns, and layout and graphics strategies for real-world projects. Developing designers will appreciate the authors' imaginative approach and well-chosen examples. Discover practical and effective design principles and concepts--and how to apply them to virtually any project. Learn why some designs are attention-getting and others are not. Learn how to choose just the right look--corporate or casual, classic or trendy--for specific types of projects, such as business cards, letterhead and envelopes, newsletters and brochures, logos, advertising, and more. Test your design acumen by comparing before-and-after examples. Find a wealth of inspiration for your own design projects. Gain insight into the design process by studying the work of guest designers, who offer their personal commentary and insights.
Long-Term Durability of Polymeric Matrix Composites
by Gyaneshwar P. Tandon Gregory A. Schoeppner Kishore V. PochirajuLong-Term Durability of Polymeric Matrix Composites presents a comprehensive knowledge-set of matrix, fiber and interphase behavior under long-term aging conditions, theoretical modeling and experimental methods. This book covers long-term constituent behavior, predictive methodologies, experimental validation and design practice. Readers will also find a discussion of various applications, including aging air craft structures, aging civil infrastructure, in addition to engines and high temperature applications.
Nano-Electronic Devices
by Stephen M. Goodnick Dragica VasileskaThis book surveys the advanced simulation methods needed for proper modeling of state-of-the-art nanoscale devices. It systematically describes theoretical approaches and the numerical solutions that are used in explaining the operation of both power devices as well as nano-scale devices. It clearly explains for what types of devices a particular method is suitable, which is the most critical point that a researcher faces and has to decide upon when modeling semiconductor devices.
Future Professional Communication in Astronomy II
by Alberto AccomazziThe present volume gathers together the talks presented at the second colloquim on the Future Professional Communication in Astronomy (FPCA II), held at Harvard University (Cambridge, MA) on 13-14 April 2010. This meeting provided a forum for editors, publishers, scientists, librarians and officers of learned societies to discuss the future of the field. The program included talks from leading researchers and practitioners and drew a crowd of approximately 50 attendees from 10 countries. These proceedings contain contributions from invited and contributed talks from leaders in the field, touching on a number of topics. Among them: - The role of disciplinary repositories such as ADS and arXiv in astronomy and the physical sciences; - Current status and future of Open Access Publishing models and their impact on astronomy and astrophysics publishing; - Emerging trends in scientific article publishing: semantic annotations, multimedia content, links to data products hosted by astrophysics archives; - Novel approaches to the evaluation of facilities and projects based on bibliometric indicators; - Impact of Government mandates, Privacy laws, and Intellectual Property Rights on the evolving digital publishing environment in astronomy; - Communicating astronomy to the public: the experience of the International Year of Astronomy 2009.