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Ultra Low Bit-Rate Speech Coding
by V. Ramasubramanian Harish Doddala"Ultra Low Bit-Rate Speech Coding" focuses on the specialized topic of speech coding at very low bit-rates of 1 Kbits/sec and less, particularly at the lower ends of this range, down to 100 bps. The authors set forth the fundamental results and trends that form the basis for such ultra low bit-rates to be viable and provide a comprehensive overview of various techniques and systems in literature to date, with particular attention to their work in the paradigm of unit-selection based segment quantization. The book is for research students, academic faculty and researchers, and industry practitioners in the areas of speech processing and speech coding.
Optimum Cooling of Data Centers
by Michael G. Pecht Jun Dai Michael M. Ohadi Diganta DasThis book describes the use of free air cooling to improve the efficiency of, and cooling of, equipment for use in telecom infrastructures. Discussed at length is the cooling of communication installation rooms such as data centers or base stations, and this is intended as a valuable tool for the people designing and manufacturing key parts of communication networks. This book provides an introduction to current cooling methods used for energy reduction, and also compares present cooling methods in use in the field. The qualification methods and standard reliability assessments are reviewed, and their inability to assess the risks of free air cooling is discussed. The method of identifying the risks associated with free air cooling on equipment performance and reliability is introduced. A novel method of assessment for free air cooling is also proposed that utilizes prognostics and health management (PHM). This book also: Describes how the implementation of free air cooling can save energy for cooling within the telecommunications infrastructure. Analyzes the potential risks and failures of mechanisms possible in the implementation of free air cooling, which benefits manufacturers and equipment designers. Presents prognostics-based assessments to identify and mitigate the risks of telecommunications equipment under free air cooling conditions, which can provide the early warning of equipment failures at operation stage without disturbing the data centers' service. Optimum Cooling for Data Centers is an ideal book for researchers and engineers interested in designing and manufacturing equipment for use in telecom infrastructures.
Virtual Communities, Social Networks and Collaboration
by Athina A. LazakidouOnline communities are among the most obvious manifestations of social networks based on new media technology. Facilitating ad-hoc communication and leveraging collective intelligence by matching similar or related users have become important success factors in almost every successful business plan. Researchers are just beginning to understand virtual communities and collaborations among participants currently proliferating across the world. Virtual Communities, Social Networks and Collaboration covers cutting edge research topics of utmost real-world importance in the specific domain of social networks. This volume focuses on exploring issues relating to the design, development, and outcomes from electronic groups and online communities, including: - The implications of social networking, - Understanding of how and why knowledge is shared among participants, - What leads to participation, effective collaboration, co-creation and innovation, - How organizations can better utilize the potential benefits of communities in both internal operations, marketing, and new product development.
Integration of Information and Optimization Models for Routing in City Logistics
by Jan Fabian EhmkeAs urban congestion continues to be an ever increasing problem, routing in these settings has become an important area of operations research. This monograph provides cutting-edge research, utilizing the recent advances in technology, to quantify the value of dynamic, time-dependent information for advanced vehicle routing in city logistics. The methodology of traffic data collection is enhanced by GPS based data collection, resulting in a comprehensive number of travel time records. Data Mining is also applied to derive dynamic information models as required by time-dependent optimization. Finally, well-known approaches of vehicle routing are adapted in order to handle dynamic information models. This book interweaves the usually distinct areas of traffic data collection, information retrieval and time-dependent optimization by an integrated methodological approach, which refers to synergies of Data Mining and Operations Research techniques by example of city logistics applications. These procedures will help improve the reliability of logistics services in congested urban areas.
Modeling, Analysis and Optimization of Network-on-Chip Communication Architectures
by Umit Y. Ogras Radu MarculescuTraditionally, design space exploration for Systems-on-Chip (SoCs) has focused on the computational aspects of the problem at hand. However, as the number of components on a single chip and their performance continue to increase, the communication architecture plays a major role in the area, performance and energy consumption of the overall system. As a result, a shift from computation-based to communication-based design becomes mandatory. Towards this end, network-on-chip (NoC) communication architectures have emerged recently as a promising alternative to classical bus and point-to-point communication architectures. In this dissertation, we study outstanding research problems related to modeling, analysis and optimization of NoC communication architectures. More precisely, we present novel design methodologies, software tools and FPGA prototypes to aid the design of application-specific NoCs.
Phoneme-Based Speech Segmentation using Hybrid Soft Computing Framework
by Mousmita Sarma Kandarpa Kumar SarmaThe book discusses intelligent system design using soft computing and similar systems and their interdisciplinary applications. It also focuses on the recent trends to use soft computing as a versatile tool for designing a host of decision support systems.
The Future of Ubiquitous Learning
by Kinshuk Begoña Gros Marcelo MainaThis book explores emerging pedagogical perspectives based on the design of new learning spaces supported by digital technologies and brings together some of the best research in this field. The book is divided into three themes: foundations of emerging pedagogies, learning designs for emerging pedagogies and, adaptive and personalized learning. The chapters provide up-to-date information about new pedagogical proposals, and examples for acquiring the requisite skills to both design and support learning opportunities that improve the potential of available technologies.
Inductive Logic Programming
by Gerson Zaverucha Vítor Santos Costa Aline PaesThis book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Inductive Logic Programming, ILP 2013, held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in August 2013. The 9 revised extended papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 42 submissions. The conference now focuses on all aspects of learning in logic, multi-relational learning and data mining, statistical relational learning, graph and tree mining, relational reinforcement learning, and other forms of learning from structured data.
Software Design for Resilient Computer Systems
by Igor Schagaev Thomas Kaegi-TrachselThis book addresses the question of how system software should be designed to account for faults, and which fault tolerance features it should provide for highest reliability. The authors first show how the system software interacts with the hardware to tolerate faults. They analyze and further develop the theory of fault tolerance to understand the different ways to increase the reliability of a system, with special attention on the role of system software in this process. They further develop the general algorithm of fault tolerance (GAFT) with its three main processes: hardware checking, preparation for recovery, and the recovery procedure. For each of the three processes, they analyze the requirements and properties theoretically and give possible implementation scenarios and system software support required. Based on the theoretical results, the authors derive an Oberon-based programming language with direct support of the three processes of GAFT. In the last part of this book, they introduce a simulator, using it as a proof of concept implementation of a novel fault tolerant processor architecture (ERRIC) and its newly developed runtime system feature-wise and performance-wise. The content applies to industries such as military, aviation, intensive health care, industrial control, space exploration, etc.
Sentic Computing
by Amir Hussain Erik CambriaIn this book common sense computing techniques are further developed and applied to bridge the semantic gap between word-level natural language data and the concept-level opinions conveyed by these. In particular, the ensemble application of graph mining and multi-dimensionality reduction techniques is exploited on two common sense knowledge bases to develop a novel intelligent engine for open-domain opinion mining and sentiment analysis. The proposed approach, termed sentic computing, performs a clause-level semantic analysis of text, which allows the inference of both the conceptual and emotional information associated with natural language opinions and, hence, a more efficient passage from (unstructured) textual information to (structured) machine-processable data.
Online Political Communication
by Gianluca GiansanteThis book provides research findings and practical information on online communication strategies in politics. Based on communication research and real-world political-campaign experience, the author examines how to use the Web and social media to create public visibility, build trust and consensus and boost political participation. It offers a useful guide for practitioners working in the political arena, as well as for those managing communication projects in institutions or companies.
Numerical PDE-Constrained Optimization
by Juan Carlos De los ReyesThis book introduces, in an accessible way, the basic elements of Numerical PDE-Constrained Optimization, from the derivation of optimality conditions to the design of solution algorithms. Numerical optimization methods in function-spaces and their application to PDE-constrained problems are carefully presented. The developed results are illustrated with several examples, including linear and nonlinear ones. In addition, MATLAB codes, for representative problems, are included. Furthermore, recent results in the emerging field of nonsmooth numerical PDE constrained optimization are also covered. The book provides an overview on the derivation of optimality conditions and on some solution algorithms for problems involving bound constraints, state-constraints, sparse cost functionals and variational inequality constraints.
Media Rich Instruction
by Rosemary PapaE-learning has brought an enormous change to instruction, in terms of both rules and tools. Contemporary education requires diverse and creative uses of media technology to keep students engaged and to keep up with rapid developments in the ways they learn and teachers teach. Media Rich Instruction addresses these requirements with up-to-date learning theory and practices that incorporate innovative platforms for information delivery into traditional areas such as learning skills and learner characteristics. Experts in media rich classroom experiences and online instruction delve into the latest findings on student cognitive processes and motivation to learn while offering multimedia classroom strategies geared to specific curriculum areas. Advances such as personal learning environments, gamification, and the Massive Open Online Course are analyzed in the context of their potential for collaborative and transformative learning. And each chapter features key questions and application activities to make coverage especially practical across grade levels and learner populations. Among the topics included: Building successful learning experiences online. Language and literacy, reading and writing. Mathematics teaching and learning with and through education technology. Learning science through experiment and practice. Social studies teaching for learner engagement. The arts and Technology. Connecting school to community. At a time when many are pondering the future of academic standards and student capacity to learn, Media Rich Instruction is a unique source of concrete knowledge and useful ideas for current and future researchers and practitioners in media rich instructional strategies and practices.
Practical ASP.NET Web API
by Badrinarayanan LakshmiraghavanPractical ASP. NET Web API provides you with a hands-on and code-focused demonstration of the ASP. NET Web API in action. From the very beginning, you'll be writing working code in order to see best practices and concepts in action. As the book progresses, the concepts and code will become more sophisticated. Beginning with an overview of the web service model in general and Web API in particular, you'll progress quickly to a detailed exploration of the request binding and response formatting that lie at the heart of Web API. You'll investigate various scenarios and see how they can be manipulated to achieve the results you need. Later in the book more sophisticated themes will be introduced that will set your applications apart from the crowd. You'll learn how you can validate the request messages on arrival, how you can create loosely coupled controllers, extend the pipeline processing to compartmentalize your code for security and unit testing before being put onto a live hosting server. What you'll learn What ASP. NET Web API is and how it can be used effectively Ways to optimize your code for readability and performance What controller dependencies are and why they matter How to maintain robust security across your projects Reliable best-practices for using Web API in a professional context Who this book is for The book is ideal for any . NET developer who wants to learn how the ASP. NET Web API framework works in a realistic setting. A good working knowledge of C# and the . NET framework and a familiarity with Visual Studio are the only pre-requisites to benefit from this book Table of Contents Building a Basic Web API Debugging HTTP Formatting CLR Objects into HTTP Response Customizing Response Binding HTTP Request into CLR Objects Validating Request Managing Controller Dependencies Extending Pipeline Hosting ASP. NET Web API Securing ASP. NET Web API Consuming ASP. NET Web API Building Performant Web API
JSON Quick Syntax Reference
by Wallace JacksonThis compact quick scripting syntax reference on JSON covers syntax and parameters central to JSON object definitions, using the NetBeans 8. 1 open source and Eclipse IDE software tool packages. JSON Quick Syntax Reference covers the syntax used in the JSON object definition language, logically organized by topical chapters, and getting more advanced as chapters progress, covering structures and file formats which are best for use with HTML5. Furthermore, this book includes the key factors regarding the data footprint optimization work process, the in-lining of . CSS and . JS files, and why a data footprint optimization work process is important. What you'll learn What is and how to use the Object Definition Syntax supported in JSON What comprises a JSON content production workflow What are the concepts and principles behind the JSON Object Definitions How to use JSON code snippets and apply them in your web applications How to utilize NetBeans, Android Studio and Eclipse IDEs for your JSON coding What are and how to use the key factors regarding the data footprint optimization work process, the in-lining of . CSS and . JS files And, why a data footprint optimization work process is important Who this book is for Primary: Website Developers, Android Application Developers, User Interface Designers, HTML5 OS Application Developers, HTML5 e-Learning Content Creators, HTML5 eBook Authors, HTML5 OS iTV Programmers, Android TV Programmers. Secondary: Blackberry Developers, Windows Developers, iOS Developers, Multimedia Producers, Rich Internet Application (RIA) Programmers, HTML5 Game Designers, Teachers, Educators.
High-Dimensional and Low-Quality Visual Information Processing
by Yue DengThis thesis primarily focuses on how to carry out intelligent sensing and understand the high-dimensional and low-quality visual information. After exploring the inherent structures of the visual data, it proposes a number of computational models covering an extensive range of mathematical topics, including compressive sensing, graph theory, probabilistic learning and information theory. These computational models are also applied to address a number of real-world problems including biometric recognition, stereo signal reconstruction, natural scene parsing, and SAR image processing.
The Power of Algorithms
by Giorgio Ausiello Rossella PetreschiTo examine, analyze, and manipulate a problem to the point of designing an algorithm for solving it is an exercise of fundamental value in many fields. With so many everyday activities governed by algorithmic principles, the power, precision, reliability and speed of execution demanded by users have transformed the design and construction of algorithms from a creative, artisanal activity into a full-fledged science in its own right. This book is aimed at all those who exploit the results of this new science, as designers and as consumers. The first chapter is an overview of the related history, demonstrating the long development of ideas such as recursion and more recent formalizations such as computability. The second chapter shows how the design of algorithms requires appropriate techniques and sophisticated organization of data. In the subsequent chapters the contributing authors present examples from diverse areas - such as routing and networking problems, Web search, information security, auctions and games, complexity and randomness, and the life sciences - that show how algorithmic thinking offers practical solutions and also deepens domain knowledge. The contributing authors are top-class researchers with considerable academic and industrial experience; they are also excellent educators and communicators and they draw on this experience with enthusiasm and humor. This book is an excellent introduction to an intriguing domain and it will be enjoyed by undergraduate and postgraduate students in computer science, engineering, and mathematics, and more broadly by all those engaged with algorithmic thinking.
Enterprise Identity Management
by Denis RoyerThe introduction of Enterprise Identity Management Systems (EIdMS) in organizations even beyond the purely technological level is a costly and challenging endeavor. However, for decision makers it seems difficult to fully understand the impacts and opportunities arising from the introduction of EIdMS. This book explores the relevant aspects for an ex-ante evaluation of EIdMS. Therefore it examines this domain by employing a qualitative expert interview study to better understand the nature of EIdMS, as they are situated between security and productive IT systems. To this regard, the focus is put on the general nature of EIdMS projects and the constructs being relevant for analyzing such projects in the decision support phase. Based on the derived constructs and thematic topics from the interviews, an explanatory model for EIdMS introductions is derived and iteratively improved and evaluated. Finally, a possible application use-case for the creation of adequate decision support tools is presented.
Fault-Tolerant Search Algorithms
by Ferdinando CicaleseWhy a book on fault-tolerant search algorithms? Searching is one of the fundamental problems in computer science. Time and again algorithmic and combinatorial issues originally studied in the context of search find application in the most diverse areas of computer science and discrete mathematics. On the other hand, fault-tolerance is a necessary ingredient of computing. Due to their inherent complexity, information systems are naturally prone to errors, which may appear at any level - as imprecisions in the data, bugs in the software, or transient or permanent hardware failures. This book provides a concise, rigorous and up-to-date account of different approaches to fault-tolerance in the context of algorithmic search theory. Thanks to their basic structure, search problems offer insights into how fault-tolerant techniques may be applied in various scenarios. In the first part of the book, a paradigmatic model for fault-tolerant search is presented, the Ulam--Rényi problem. Following a didactic approach, the author takes the reader on a tour of Ulam--Rényi problem variants of increasing complexity. In the context of this basic model, fundamental combinatorial and algorithmic issues in the design of fault-tolerant search procedures are discussed. The algorithmic efficiency achievable is analyzed with respect to the statistical nature of the error sources, and the amount of information on which the search algorithm bases its decisions. In the second part of the book, more general models of faults and fault-tolerance are considered. Special attention is given to the application of fault-tolerant search procedures to specific problems in distributed computing, bioinformatics and computational learning. This book will be of special value to researchers from the areas of combinatorial search and fault-tolerant computation, but also to researchers in learning and coding theory, databases, and artificial intelligence. Only basic training in discrete mathematics is assumed. Parts of the book can be used as the basis for specialized graduate courses on combinatorial search, or as supporting material for a graduate or undergraduate course on error-correcting codes.
Practical Aspects of Declarative Languages
by Marco Gavanelli John ReppyThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the18th International Symposium on Practical Aspects of Declarative Languages,PADL 2016, held in St. Petersburg, FL, USA, in January 2016. The 11 revised papers presented were carefully reviewedand selected from 17 initial submissions for inclusion in the book. PADL is a forumfor researchers and practitioners to present original work emphasizing novelapplications and implementation techniques for all forms of declarativeconcepts, including, functional, logic, constraints, etc.
E-Learning, E-Education, and Online Training
by Carlos Vaz de Carvalho Giovanni Vincenti Alberto BuccieroThis book constitutes the proceedings of the SecondInternational Conference on E-Learning, E-Education, and Online Training, eLEOT2015, held in Novedrate, Italy, in September 2015. The 26 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewedand selected from 52 submissions. They focus on e-learning and distanceeducation in science, technology, engineering and math.
Reshaping Society through Analytics, Collaboration, and Decision Support
by Daniel J. Power Lakshmi S. IyerThis volume explores emerging research and pedagogy in analytics, collaboration, and decision support with an emphasis on business intelligence and social media. In general, the chapters help understand where technology involvement in human decisions is headed. Reading the chapters can help understand the opportunities and threats associated with the use of information technology in decision making. Computing and information technologies are reshaping our global society, but they can potentially reshape it in negative as well as positive ways. Analytics, collaboration and computerized decision support are powerful decision aiding and decision making tools that have enormous potential to impact crisis decision making, regulation of financial systems, healthcare decision making and many more important decision domains. Many information technologies can potentially support, assist and even decide for human decision makers. Despite the potential, some researchers think that we know the answers to how these technologies will change society. The "Wisdom of Crowds" or "Big Data" become the topic of the day and are soon replaced with new marketing terms. In many ways, mobile technology is just another form factor to adapt decision support capabilities too and experiment with new capabilities. The cloud is a nebulous metaphor that adds to the mystery of information technology. Wireless technology enables the ubiquitous presence of analytics and decision support. With new networking capabilities, collaboration is possible anywhere and everywhere using voice, video and text. Documents can be widely shared and massive numbers of documents can be carried on a small tablet computer. Recent developments in technologies impact the processes organizations use to make decisions. In addition, academics are looking for ways to enhance their pedagogy to train students to be more adept in understanding how emerging technology will be used effectively for decision making in organizations. The chapters are based on papers originally reviewed at the Special Interest Group on Decision Support Systems (SIGDSS) Workshop at the 2013 International Conference on Information Systems (ICIS 2013). Ultimately this volume endeavors to find a balance between systematizing what we know, so we can teach our findings from prior research better, and stimulating excitement to move the field in new directions.
Tools for High Performance Computing 2013
by Andreas Knüpfer José Gracia Wolfgang E. Nagel Michael M. ReschCurrent advances in High Performance Computing (HPC) increasingly impact efficient software development workflows. Programmers for HPC applications need to consider trends such as increased core counts, multiple levels of parallelism, reduced memory per core, and I/O system challenges in order to derive well performing and highly scalable codes. At the same time, the increasing complexity adds further sources of program defects. While novel programming paradigms and advanced system libraries provide solutions for some of these challenges, appropriate supporting tools are indispensable. Such tools aid application developers in debugging, performance analysis, or code optimization and therefore make a major contribution to the development of robust and efficient parallel software. This book introduces a selection of the tools presented and discussed at the 7th International Parallel Tools Workshop, held in Dresden, Germany, September 3-4, 2013.
Quality of Experience
by Sebastian Möller Alexander RaakeThis pioneering book develops definitions and concepts related to Quality of Experience in the context of multimedia- and telecommunications-related applications, systems and services and applies these to various fields of communication and media technologies. The editors bring together numerous key-protagonists of the new discipline "Quality of Experience" and combine the state-of-the-art knowledge in one single volume.
Post-Optimal Analysis in Linear Semi-Infinite Optimization
by Miguel A. Goberna Marco A. LópezPost-Optimal Analysis in Linear Semi-Infinite Optimization examines the following topics in regards to linear semi-infinite optimization: modeling uncertainty, qualitative stability analysis, quantitative stability analysis and sensitivity analysis. Linear semi-infinite optimization (LSIO) deals with linear optimization problems where the dimension of the decision space or the number of constraints is infinite. The authors compare the post-optimal analysis with alternative approaches to uncertain LSIO problems and provide readers with criteria to choose the best way to model a given uncertain LSIO problem depending on the nature and quality of the data along with the available software. This work also contains open problems which readers will find intriguing a challenging. Post-Optimal Analysis in Linear Semi-Infinite Optimization is aimed toward researchers, graduate and post-graduate students of mathematics interested in optimization, parametric optimization and related topics.