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The Syntax of Negation and the Licensing of Negative Polarity Items in Hindi (Outstanding Dissertations in Linguistics)
by Rajesh KumarThis books studies syntax of NPIs and their interaction with sentential negatives in Hindi. It outlines the clause structure of Hindi and locates the syntactic position of sentential negatives as well as constituent negatives within the structure. It is argued that sentential negative in Hindi negation marker heads its own maximal projection, NegP, which is immediately dominated by TP. In addition to locating the position of negation markers in the clause structure, it outlines the distribution of negative polarity items (NPIs) in Hindi and the structural constraints on their licensing by sentential negative. The book argues that an NPI in Hindi is licensed overtly in the course of derivation by a c-commanding negative marker. The bulk of the evidence presented in this book argues against previous theoretical accounts that claim that NPI licensing involves covert syntactic operations such as LF movement or reconstruction. With respect to the classification of NPIs , this book also shows the existence of two different types of NPIs in Hindi; namely, strong NPIs and weak NPIs. Strong NPIs require a clause mate c-commanding negative licensor, whereas weak NPIs are quantifiers and are similar to free choice 'any' in English that are interpreted as NPIs in the presence of a c-commanding negative licensor.
Multiliteracies in World Language Education (Language, Culture, and Teaching Series)
by Yuri Kumagai Ana López-Sánchez Sujane WuPutting a multiliteracies framework at the center of the world language curriculum, this volume brings together college-level curricular innovations and classroom projects that address differences in meaning and worldviews expressed in learners’ primary and target languages. Offering a rich understanding of languages, genres, and modalities as socioculturally situated semiotic systems, it advocates an effective pedagogy for developing learners’ abilities to operate between languages. Chapters showcase curricula that draw on a multiliteracies framework and present various classroom projects that develop aspects of multiliteracies for language learners. A discussion of the theoretical background and historical development of the pedagogy of multiliteracies and its relevance to the field of world language education positions this book within the broader literature on foreign language education. As developments in globalization, accountability, and austerity challenge contemporary academia and the current structure of world language programs, this book shows how the implementation of a multiliteracies-based approach brings coherence to language programs, and how the framework can help to accomplish the goals of higher education in general and of language education in particular.
Indiscipline in Young EFL Learner Classes
by Foteini-Vassiliki KuloheriThis book sheds new light on classroom indiscipline by listening to the voices of both the teachers and the young learners of English as a Foreign Language (EFL). By focusing on data from multiple sources, chapters in this volume offer a thorough description of undisciplined learner acts, a framework for categorizing indiscipline types, an exploration of perceived causality beyond the observable behavior, and of management strategies and their evaluation by teachers and children. The author offers practical guidance on creating a disciplined EFL learning classroom atmosphere through multilateral educational aims and processes. This book is a point of reference for academics, researchers, university students, educators and teacher trainers who wish to enhance the design and implementation of reliable multi-lens qualitative case studies on the subject. With its elucidating and transformative power, it inspires further innovative research and practical initiatives for the understanding and successful management of child indiscipline in diverse EFL learning contexts.
Rowinataworu Luhchi Yoroni / Tunica Language Textbook
by Kuhpani Yoyani Luhchi Yoroni / The Tunica Language Working GroupThe essential guide for learning the Tunica language.For many years, the Tunica-Biloxi Tribe of Louisiana collaborated with students and faculty at Tulane University on a project to revitalize the Tunica language. Tunica had not been spoken or used regularly in the community since the last known speaker, Sesostrie Youchigant, passed away in 1948. The center of the revitalization of the Tunica language is this first-of-its-kind, beginning Tunica language textbook.The Tunica Language Textbook (Rowinataworu Luhchi Yoroni) contains everything needed to become conversationally fluent in Tunica. Like other language textbooks, it contains vocabulary and grammatical information, as well as practice exercises that develop both comprehension and production of Tunica, and acquisition of the patterns, not just the forms. The textbook contains links to an online pronunciation guide and includes a wealth of information on cultural topics, from stickball to basketry to naming to cosmology, and uses the language to do so. Wherever possible, excerpts from the original documentation of Tunica stories and myths have been included, so that students can become acquainted with native-like language use.Each chapter is structured to lead the student through the stages of learning, from presentation of new information, to recognition, to identification, to application. While there is explanation of the topics in English, the lessons are designed to be used in an immersion classroom setting as well as for individual use.
Russian through Film: For Intermediate to Advanced Students
by Anna Kudyma Irina Six Irina WalshRussian through Film: For Intermediate to Advanced Students is a multi-level textbook for learners of Russian that targets contemporary films in Russian. These films will deepen learners’ understanding of today’s lifestyles in the post-Soviet space as well as add to their understanding of Soviet and Russian history and culture. They represent a variety of genres ranging from romantic comedy to art-house cinema. These films present standard Russian and are appropriate for various audiences. Russian through Film builds on students’ listening, reading, speaking, and writing skills while also expanding their cultural literacy. The textbook aims at improving learners’ ability to analyze films by carefully investigating the films’ plot, structure, conflicts, and main characters. Through task-based, inquiry-based, and project-based activities, the textbook focuses on developing learners’ skills in various modes of discourse (narration, description, comparison, explanation, and summary). The textbook can serve as a primary text for a course on contemporary Russian films or a supplementary textbook in intermediate and advanced level classes. Separate chapters may be included in thematic classes on youth culture, Soviet history, sports, geography, folklore, contemporary social issues, and the arts.
Russian Through Art: For Intermediate to Advanced Students
by Anna S. Kudyma Olga E. KaganRussian Through Art: For Intermediate to Advanced Students develops all four language skills while enhancing students’ cultural knowledge through exposure to Russian visual arts. Each of the six thematically organised chapters is accompanied by online resources, available at https://ccle.ucla.edu/course/view/russnart. These supporting materials include online lectures, readings, audio and video clips and assignments of varying levels of difficulty, starting with description and narration tasks and progressing to discussion and debate. Each chapter contains a number of task-based and project-based assignments. The book and website’s modular design make it easy to adapt this comprehensive resource to different course needs and different levels. By the end of the course students will have broadened their active vocabulary, enhanced their grammatical skills while familiarising themselves with Russian art in its various representations and periods.
Russian: From Novice High to Intermediate
by Anna S. KudymaRussian: From Novice High to Intermediate is a multi-level course that presents grammar, vocabulary, culture, music, film, and literature within the context of Russian life. With a flexible modular approach structured around contemporary themes, this course builds on students’ reading, listening, speaking, and writing skills while also expanding their cultural literacy. Each chapter contains projects and scenarios that enable language learners to practice and demonstrate communicative competence. An interactive website full of videos, audio, and self-correcting exercises accompanies the course and can be accessed through www.routledge.com/9780367137137. This comprehensive resource is ideal for use in second- and third-year Russian classes.
Dimensions of Literacy: A Conceptual Base for Teaching Reading and Writing in School Settings
by Stephen B. KucerThis popular text, now in its fourth edition, "unpacks" the various dimensions of literacy--linguistic and other sign systems; cognitive; sociocultural; and developmental--and at the same time accounts for the interrelationships among them. Distinguished by its examination of literacy from a multidimensional and interdisciplinary perspective, it provides a strong conceptual foundation upon which literacy curriculum and instruction in school settings can be grounded. Linking theory and research to practice in an understandable, user-friendly manner, the text provides in-depth coverage of the dimensions of literacy, includes demonstrations and "hands-on" activities, examines authentic reading and writing events that reflect key concepts, and summarizes the concepts in tables and figures. Changes in the Fourth Edition* Addresses academic language, new literacies/multiliteracies, and their relationship to literacy learning* More fully develops the developmental dimension of literacy in separate chapters on adult mediation and learner construction* Expands the discussion of multimodal literacies* Extends and integrates the discussion of bilingualism and biliteracy throughout the text* Integrates instructional implications more fully throughout
Race, Culture, and Identities in Second Language Education: Exploring Critically Engaged Practice
by Ryuko KubotaThe concept and construct of race is often implicitly yet profoundly connected to issues of culture and identity. Meeting an urgent need for empirical and conceptual research that specifically explores critical issues of race, culture, and identities in second language education, the key questions addressed in this groundbreaking volume are these: How are issues of race relevant to second language education? How does whiteness influence students’ and teachers’ sense of self and instructional practices? How do discourses of racialization influence the construction of student identities and subjectivities? How do discourses on race, such as colorblindness, influence classroom practices, educational interventions, and parental involvement? How can teachers transform the status quo? Each chapter is grounded in theory and provides implications for engaged practice. Topics cover a wide range of themes that emerge from various pedagogical contexts. Authors from diverse racial/ethnic/cultural backgrounds and geopolitical locations include both established and beginning scholars in the field, making the content vibrant and stimulating. Pre-reading Questions and Discussion Questions in each chapter facilitate comprehension and encourage dialogue.
Basic Spoken Chinese Practice Essentials: An Introduction To Speaking And Listening For Beginners (downloadable Audio Mp3 And Printable Pages Included)
by Cornelius C. Kubler Wang YangUse this one-of-a-kind practice guide together with any Chinese book or language program, and dramatically enhance your speaking. No matter what book or course you're using to learn Chinese, it takes a lot of practice. Here is a wealth of effective practice activities--including more than 16 hours of audio material!--to help polish your spoken Mandarin Chinese. This book corresponds to Basic Spoken Chinese and allows you to move from complete beginner level to basic proficiency. An included disc contains over 16 hours of audio material, as well as (printable) PDF files of hundreds of additional practice pages and exercises. Practice Essentials includes carefully designed activities to help solidify every aspect of your spoken Chinese skills, including: Pronunciation exercises . Vocabulary and Grammar summaries . Substitution drills . Transformation and Response drills . Role Play & Listening Comprehension exercises . Dictation exercises . Translation exercises . The accompanying CD-ROM contains: 16 hours of audio by native Mandarin speakers. Printable practice pages. Printable exercises and activities. Together with or after this book, you can use Basic Written Chinese if you want to learn Chinese reading and writing. It introduces the highest-frequency characters and words in a systematic way. About the Series Respected Chinese language expert Dr. Cornelius Kubler, who has taught diplomats, business people and students, presents a learning system that uses separate but integrated "tracks" to help you efficiently master the basics of spoken and written Chinese. The materials in Basic Spoken Chinese allow you to move from complete beginner level to basic fluency.
Intermediate Spoken Chinese Practice Essentials: A Wealth of Activities to Enhance Your Spoken Mandarin (DVD Included)
by Cornelius C. Kubler Yang Wang"Meticulously planned, carefully prepared and patiently tested for over a decade, the Basic Chinese series represents the most comprehensive introductory materials available now. The eclectic approach, the flexibility in use, the attention to authenticity of language in its sociolinguistic context, the myriad of audio and visual aids, and the array of rigorously designed exercises makes the Basic Chinese the ideal material for any committed learner embarking on the journey of learning the Chinese language." --Dr. Jun Yang, Senior Lecturer in Chinese, University of Chicago
Basic Written Chinese Practice Essentials
by Cornelius C. Kubler Jerling Guo KublerUse this one-of-a-kind practice guide and Chinese workbook together with any Chinese book or language program, and dramatically enhance your speaking.No matter what book or course you're using to learn Chinese, it takes a lot of practice. Here is a wealth of effective practice activities to help polish your written Chinese. This book corresponds to Basic Written Chinese and allows you to move from complete beginner level to basic proficiency. An included disc contains extensive audio material, as well as (printable) flash cards.Practice Essentials includes carefully designed activities to help solidify every aspect of your spoken Chinese skills, including: Chinese character practice sheets. Dictation, fill-in-the-blank, dialog completion. Answering questions, map reading, converting written style to spoken style. Identify radicals and phonetics; punctuating sentences. Written tasks based on realia like schedule, photographs, and name cards. Translation exercises.The corresponding CD-ROM includes: 64 minutes of native-speaker audio. 288 printable flash cards.Together with or after this book, you can use Basic Spoken Chinese if you want to learn fluent spoken Mandarin.About the Series Respected Chinese language expert Dr. Cornelius Kubler, who has taught diplomats, business people and students, presents a learning system that uses separate but integrated "tracks" to help you efficiently master the basics of spoken and written Chinese. The materials in Basic Spoken Chinese allow you to move from complete beginner level to basic fluency.
Basic Written Chinese Practice Essentials: An Introduction To Reading And Writing For Beginners (downloadable Mp3 Audio And Printable Flash Cards Included)
by Cornelius C. Kubler Jerling Guo KublerUse this one-of-a-kind practice guide and Chinese workbook together with any Chinese book or language program, and dramatically enhance your speaking. No matter what book or course you're using to learn Chinese, it takes a lot of practice. Here is a wealth of effective practice activities to help polish your written Chinese. This book corresponds to Basic Written Chinese and allows you to move from complete beginner level to basic proficiency. An included disc contains extensive audio material, as well as (printable) flash cards. Practice Essentials includes carefully designed activities to help solidify every aspect of your spoken Chinese skills, including: Chinese character practice sheets. Dictation, fill-in-the-blank, dialog completion. Answering questions, map reading, converting written style to spoken style. Identify radicals and phonetics; punctuating sentences. Written tasks based on realia like schedule, photographs, and name cards. Translation exercises. The corresponding CD-ROM includes: 64 minutes of native-speaker audio. 288 printable flash cards. Together with or after this book, you can use Basic Spoken Chinese if you want to learn fluent spoken Mandarin. About the Series Respected Chinese language expert Dr. Cornelius Kubler, who has taught diplomats, business people and students, presents a learning system that uses separate but integrated "tracks" to help you efficiently master the basics of spoken and written Chinese. The materials in Basic Spoken Chinese allow you to move from complete beginner level to basic fluency.
Basic Spoken Chinese
by Cornelius C. KublerThis is a beginning-level course in spoken Chinese that employs a revolutionary new method designed to have you quickly speaking and comprehending Mandarin Chinese. Along with its sister book Basic Written Chinese and their accompanying workbooks, Basic Spoken Chinese offers a complete introductory course to the Chinese language. As a native English speaker, working hard to learn Chinese is not enough; you have to work smart in order to learn this very different language efficiently. An accompanying MP3 audio-CD and separate software CD reinforce listening comprehension correct pronunciation. No matter why you've chosen to learn Chinese-for business, travel, cultural studies or another goal-the Basic Chinese approach of two separate but integrated tracts in spoken and written Chinese will help you learn this language most efficiently and successfully. Detailed explanations in English of Chinese pronunciation, grammar, usage, culture, society, and recommended learning approaches. Teacher's Guide is available electronically. A written Character Transcript (Simplified and Traditional) is available electronically. The MP3 audio CD and software CDs feature: 40 videos with dozens of native speakers filmed on location in mainland China, Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, Singapore, and Malaysia. 6 hours of native-speaker audio, including all of the book's conversations. Build up sections, new words, and pronunciation exercises. Available separately, Basic Spoken Chinese Practice Essentials is the companion workbook for Basic Spoken Chinese. This practical guide includes a broad range of drills and exercises designed to dramatically enhance your proficiency in speaking and comprehending. While designed for use with the companion textbook, it can be used together with any Chinese textbook or teaching program to hone your Chinese language skills.
Basic Written Chinese
by Cornelius C. KublerThis is a beginning-level course in written Chinese that employs a revolutionary new method designed to have you quickly reading and writing simple, connected Chinese sentences. Along with its sister book, Basic Written Chinese and their accompanying workbooks, Basic Spoken Chinese offers a complete introductory course to the written Chinese language. As a native English speaker, working hard to learn Chinese characters is not enough; you have to work smart in order to learn this very different language efficiently. No matter why you've chosen to learn Chinese-for business, travel, cultural studies or another goal-the Basic Chinese approach of two separate but integrated tracts in spoken and written Chinese will help you learn this language most efficiently and successfully. Basic Written Chinese is designed so it can be used in a class with an instructor or by independent learners working on their own. - Basic Written Chinese systematically introduces 288 of the highest frequency characters (in both their simplified and traditional forms) and over 700 common words written with them in context in sentences and a variety of reading passages to help you master basic Chinese reading and writing. This method will greatly improve your abilities to read Chinese and write Chinese - The structure of each new character is explained in detail to make the learning of characters easier, and look-alike" characters are compared and contrasted. - Many lessons include character differentiation drills and some lessons include realia such as name cards, street signs, or email messages. - Each lesson introduces 6 new characters and a number of words that are written using them. By dividing the leaning into small tasks, you maintain a sense of accomplishment rather than getting bogged down. - You'll experience both printed and handwritten forms of characters, as well as seve"
Basic Written Chinese
by Cornelius C. KublerThis is a beginning-level course in written Chinese that employs a revolutionary new method designed to have you quickly reading and writing simple, connected Chinese sentences. Along with its sister book, Basic Written Chinese and their accompanying workbooks, Basic Spoken Chinese offers a complete introductory course to the written Chinese language. As a native English speaker, working hard to learn Chinese characters is not enough; you have to work smart in order to learn this very different language efficiently. No matter why you've chosen to learn Chinese-for business, travel, cultural studies or another goal-the Basic Chinese approach of two separate but integrated tracts in spoken and written Chinese will help you learn this language most efficiently and successfully. Basic Written Chinese is designed so it can be used in a class with an instructor or by independent learners working on their own. Basic Written Chinese systematically introduces 288 of the highest frequency characters (in both their simplified and traditional forms) and over 700 common words written with them in context in sentences and a variety of reading passages to help you master basic Chinese reading and writing. This method will greatly improve your abilities to read Chinese and write Chinese The structure of each new character is explained in detail to make the learning of characters easier, and "look-alike" characters are compared and contrasted. Many lessons include character differentiation drills and some lessons include realia such as name cards, street signs, or email messages. Each lesson introduces 6 new characters and a number of words that are written using them. By dividing the leaning into small tasks, you maintain a sense of accomplishment rather than getting bogged down. You'll experience both printed and handwritten forms of characters, as well as several different printed fonts. Downloadable audio includes: Over 6 hours of audio by several native Mandarin speakers. Recordings of all reading selection. Additional characters. New vocabulary. Available separately, Basic Written Chinese Practice Essentials is the companion workbook for Basic Written Chinese. This practical guide includes a broad range of drills and exercises designed to dramatically enhance your proficiency in reading and writing Chinese. While designed for use with the companion textbook, it can be used together with any Chinese textbook or teaching program to hone your Chinese reading and writing language skills.
Basic Written Chinese
by Cornelius C. KublerThis is a beginning-level course in written Chinese that employs a revolutionary new method designed to have you quickly reading and writing simple, connected Chinese sentences.Along with its sister book, Basic Written Chinese and their accompanying workbooks, Basic Spoken Chinese offers a complete introductory course to the written Chinese language. As a native English speaker, working hard to learn Chinese characters is not enough; you have to work smart in order to learn this very different language efficiently. No matter why you've chosen to learn Chinese-for business, travel, cultural studies or another goal-the Basic Chinese approach of two separate but integrated tracts in spoken and written Chinese will help you learn this language most efficiently and successfully.Basic Written Chinese is designed so it can be used in a class with an instructor or by independent learners working on their own. Basic Written Chinese systematically introduces 288 of the highest frequency characters (in both their simplified and traditional forms) and over 700 common words written with them in context in sentences and a variety of reading passages to help you master basic Chinese reading and writing. This method will greatly improve your abilities to read Chinese and write Chinese The structure of each new character is explained in detail to make the learning of characters easier, and "look-alike" characters are compared and contrasted. Many lessons include character differentiation drills and some lessons include realia such as name cards, street signs, or email messages. Each lesson introduces 6 new characters and a number of words that are written using them. By dividing the leaning into small tasks, you maintain a sense of accomplishment rather than getting bogged down. You'll experience both printed and handwritten forms of characters, as well as several different printed fonts.Downloadable audio includes: Over 6 hours of audio by several native Mandarin speakers. Recordings of all reading selection. Additional characters. New vocabulary.Available separately, Basic Written Chinese Practice Essentials is the companion workbook for Basic Written Chinese. This practical guide includes a broad range of drills and exercises designed to dramatically enhance your proficiency in reading and writing Chinese. While designed for use with the companion textbook, it can be used together with any Chinese textbook or teaching program to hone your Chinese reading and writing language skills.
Intermediate Spoken Chinese
by Cornelius C. KublerWelcome to the world's most effective method of learning Mandarin! This widely-acclaimed series continues to impress and inspire learners whether they're studying Chinese on their own, or in a classroom setting. Intermediate Spoken Chinese and the corresponding Practice Essentials allow you to experience real-life situations in different Mandarin-speaking locales. Each of the common situations explored here—from shopping at a market to playing unexpected phone tag—is one you're most likely to encounter as you interact with Mandarin Chinese speakers. An accompanying MP3 audio–CD and software DVD reinforce listening comprehension and correct pronunciation. The breakthrough foundation of these books is that you don't need to know the characters in order to speak and understand Chinese. This series provides separate "tracks" to help you master the skills of speaking and writing Chinese at your own pace. Some learners wish to learn reading and writing as well as speaking, while others focus on developing their knowledge of spoken Chinese first, and then learn the characters. Both approaches are perfectly valid ways to learn Chinese, and the one you adopt will depend on your personal goals and the amount of time you have for weekly study. This series allows you total flexibility in this regard. Additional key features of Intermediate Spoken Chinese: Clear and detailed explanations of natural, colloquial Chinese pronunciation, grammar and usage. Recommended strategies to help you learn to speak Chinese more efficiently. Notes on Chinese culture and society allow you to understand situational etiquette. Discussions of challenges faced by English speakers who are learning Chinese and how to overcome them. A digital Instructors Guide is available gratis from the publisher. A digital Chinese Character Transcription (simplified and traditional characters) The MP3 audio CD and software DVD feature: 56 videos with dozens of native speakers filmed on location in mainland China, Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, Singapore, and Malaysia. 6 hours of native–speaker audio, including all of the book's conversations. Build up sections, new words, and pronunciation exercises. Available separately, Intermediate Spoken Chinese Practice Essentials is the companion workbook for Intermediate Spoken Chinese. This practical guide includes a broad range of drills and exercises designed to dramatically enhance your proficiency in speaking and comprehending. While designed for use with the companion textbook, it can be used together with any Chinese textbook or teaching program to hone your Chinese language skills.
Intermediate Written Chinese
by Cornelius C. KublerThis is an intermediate-level course in written Chinese that employs a revolutionary new method designed to have you quickly reading and writing simple, connected Chinese sentences. The Basic Chinese and Intermediate Chinese books provide separate but integrated "tracks" to help you learn to read, write and speak Chinese efficiently at your own pace. Some students and teachers wish to emphasize speaking ability first, whereas others wish to focus on learning to read and write Chinese at the same time. Intermediate Written Chinese allows you the flexibility to learn the spoken language and the written Chinese at your own pace. Learn to use 288 high frequency characters, and over 700 common words written with them. Carefully designed to have you quickly reading and writing connected Chinese sentences. Both simplified and traditional characters are taught throughout; you may choose to learn one or both. Features a variety of fonts in both typeset and handwritten styles, to prepare you to use Chinese in many different contexts—from reading signs and newspapers, to computers and mobile phone texts. Hours of native-speaker recordings and practice sheets, plus printable flash cards on the enclosed CD-ROM. The accompanying CD-ROM includes: Over 6 hours of audio by several native Mandarin speakers. Recordings of all reading selection. Additional characters. New vocabulary. Available separately, Intermediate Written Chinese Practice Essentials is the companion workbook for Intermediate Written Chinese. This practical guide includes a broad range of drills and exercises designed to dramatically enhance your proficiency in reading and writing Chinese. While designed for use with the companion textbook, it can be used together with any Chinese textbook or teaching program to hone your Chinese reading and writing language skills.
Teacher Development in Action
by Magdalena KubanyiovaTeacher Development in Action offers a rich account of language teachers' engagement with the latest research in second language motivation on a year-long teacher development project. It offers an in-depth analysis of how language teachers mobilize (or not) their vast inner resources when they make sense of new material, and sheds light on why language classrooms do not always become acquisition-rich and motivating environments, even when teachers show great interest in new ideas and find them highly relevant to their practice. Drawing on a grounded theory ethnographic study of EFL teachers in Slovakia, this book breaks new theoretical ground in the language teacher cognition domain and weaves together findings from field notes, classroom observations and interviews into an integrated model of Language Teacher Conceptual Change (LTCC). The new insights into the complex and dynamic nature of teacher development constitute an original contribution to the field of applied linguistics and have significant implications for second language teacher education and development.
The State of Minority Languages
by Sjaak KroonMany regional languages across the world are threatened by modernization and urbanization whilst the universal and rapid rise of migration has created new and unprecedented forms of multilingualism. Aspects of education, national policies and attitudes towards minority languages are documented.
Contemporary Arab World: Literary and Linguistic Issues, Volume 2 (Contemporary Arab World. Literary and Linguistic Issues)
by Iwona KrólContemporary Arab World: Literary and Linguistic Issues, edited by Iwona Król, is the second volume of the monograph with the same title. It consists of papers written by researchers from the Arabic Department of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków.The authors, on the base of original texts from broadly understood Arab culture, discuss a number of literary and linguistic issues. Individual chapters are of high academic level, and their subject matters are important from the scientific point of view.Monograph will find readers among specialists from various fields: Arabic and Semitic studies, Polish philology, as well as representatives of literary criticism and general linguistics.
Getting Through: The Pleasures and Perils of Cross-Cultural Communication (The\mit Press Ser.)
by Roger Kreuz Richard RobertsUnderstanding how culture affects the ways we communicate—how we tell jokes, greet, ask questions, hedge, apologize, compliment, and so much more.We can learn to speak other languages, but do we truly understand what we are saying? How much detail should we offer when someone asks how we are? How close should we stand to our conversational partners? Is an invitation genuine or just pro forma? So much of communication depends on culture and context. In Getting Through, Roger Kreuz and Richard Roberts offer a guide to understanding and being understood in different cultures. Drawing on research from psychology, linguistics, sociology, and other fields, as well as personal experience, anecdotes, and popular culture, Kreuz and Roberts describe cross-cultural communication in terms of pragmatics—exploring how language is used and not just what words mean. Sometimes this is easy to figure out. If someone hisses “I'm fine!” though clenched teeth, we can assume that she's not really fine. But sometimes the context, cultural or otherwise, is more nuanced. For example, a visitor from another country might be taken aback when an American offers a complaint (“Cold out today!”) as a greeting. And should you apologize the same way in Tokyo as you would in Toledo? Kreuz and Roberts help us navigate such subtleties. It's a fascinating way to think about human interaction, but it's not purely academic: The more we understand one another, the better we can communicate, and the better we can communicate, the more we can avoid conflict.
Spanish For Dummies
by Cecie Kraynak Susana WaldLearn Latin American Spanish quickly and painlesslyThe job market for those who are bilingual is expanding rapidly. Businesses and government agencies are hiring translators; retailers and advertisers are concentrating more energy in targeting the Spanish-speaking ; and hospitals and agencies are seeking to overcome language barriers.Whether you're a student studying Spanish, a traveler gearing up for a trip to a Spanish-speaking country and need to learn the basics, or a upwardly mobile looking to get ahead of the pack in your career by learning a second language, Spanish For Dummies, 2nd edition is your hands-on guide to quickly and painlessly learn Latin American Spanish that includes:Expanded coverage of grammar, verb conjugations, and pronunciationsA refreshed and expanded mini-dictionary complete with even more essential vocabulary, exercises, and moreA revamped and expanded bonus CD-ROM that includes real-life dialogue to aid in your learningWhether you're looking to learn Spanish for use in the home, class, at the office, or on the go, Spanish For Dummies, 2nd edition has you covered!
500 Spanish Verbs For Dummies
by Cecie KraynakAn easy, fun reference for learning Spanish at home or in schoolVerbs in Spanish can be conjugated in six different ways, depending on the speaker and audience. In addition, there are fifteen different tenses in which verbs are used, making a total of 80 different conjugations for each verb. This knowledge can make anyone's head spin -- but fear not! Dummies has it covered.500 Spanish Verbs For Dummies is the ultimate guide to learning and conjugating verbs in the Spanish language. Beginners to the language will find quick reference for verbs in the basic present tenses, and advanced speakers will learn the more complex tenses of verbs as well as memorize advanced verbs with irregular endings.500 of the most commonly used Spanish verbs are presented alphabetically and numbered for easy referenceAn additional index of 1,500+ Spanish verbs with the English translation of the infinitiveIncludes a summary of basic Spanish grammar, including verb tenses and moodsAccompanying CD features memorization drills and exercisesComplete with English translations, pronunciation guides, and examples of common verb use in everyday conversation, 500 Spanish Verbs For Dummies is an essential reference tool for any level of Spanish speaker.