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Tricks with Bikes / Trucos con las moto
by Connor Dayton Eduardo AlamanExplains the various types of tricks and stunts that can be performed while riding motorcycles.
Los Tres Árboles / The Tale of Three Trees (Bilingüe / Bilingual)
by Angela Elwell HuntHabía una vez, encima cíe una montaña tres arbolitos que SOÑABAN con lo que querían ser cuando se hicieran grandes. Así empieza este lindo cuento tradicional americano que relata cómo los, deseos de tres árboles se hacen realidad de una manera sorprendente. Lectores de todas edades se deleitarán de esta narración encantadora por Angela Elwell Hunt. Es una historia para la Navidad, la Pascua y todo el A año. Las ilustraciones luminosas de Tim Jonke agregan a este cuento clásico un sentido de profundidad y asombro. Once upon a mountaintop, three little trees stood and DREAMED of what they wanted to become when they grew up... So begins this enchanting American folktale about three trees whose wishes come true in a surprising way. Readers of all ages will be delighted by Angela Elwell Hunt's retelling of the timeless tale-a story for Christmas, Easter, and all year round. Tim Jonke's luminous paintings give this classic story an added sense of depth and wonder.
Trends And Tropes: Some Aspects of African Indigenous Literatures of South Africa
by E.D.M. Sibiya Zilibele MtumaneThis collection explores topical and current issues in indigenous African language literature of South Africa. These include narratological elements of literature, language usage, poetry analysis, and song lyrics. Each scholar presents findings that are particular to their research, thus making the book a valuable source of knowledge penned in a diversity of writing styles across different literary genres.Seventy per cent of the chapters are written in English and thirty per cent in isiZulu, a gesture towards encouraging research presentations in indigenous languages. Also of interest is that the chapter content covers traditional or largely obsolete forms such as folklore and essays.Print edition not for sale in Sub Saharan Africa.
Trèfle d’or
by Jean-François Chabas François PlaceLes événements dont je veux vous parler se produisirent en 1920. Ils ont pour héros Patrick O'Donnell, qui entrait alors dans sa soixante et unième année, un ouvrier noir de dix-sept ans, Leroy Moor, qui travaillait pour la compagnie des chemins de fer, et un pur-sang arabe nommé Golden Clover, ce qui signifie Trèfle d'or. Quant à moi, Sean O'Donnell, je n'étais qu'un témoin : des yeux et des oreilles." Lorsque, malgré leurs préjugés et leurs familles, deux personnes qui ne doivent pas se rencontrer se rencontrent puis s'apprécient, il arrive que leur histoire en devienne presque incroyable. Une amitié d'exception. Mots-clés : Etats-Unis, ségrégation, racisme, cheval, animaux, amitié
Treatment of Error in Second Language Student Writing, Second Edition
by Ferris Dana R.Treatment of Error offers a realistic, well-reasoned account of what teachers of multilingual writers need to know about error and how to put what they know to use. As in the first edition, Ferris again persuasively addresses the fundamental error treatment questions that plague novice and expert writing specialists alike: What types of errors should teachers respond to? When should we respond to them? What are the most efficacious ways of responding to them? And ultimately, what role should error treatment play in the teaching of the process of writing? The second edition improves upon the first by exploring changes in the field since 2002, such as the growing diversity in what is called L2 writers, the blurring boundaries between native and non-native speakers of English, the influence of genre studies and corpus linguistics on the teaching of writing, and the need the move beyond error to second language development in terms of approaching students and their texts. It also explores what teacher preparation programs need to do to train teachers to treat student error. The second edition features * an updating of the literature in all chapters * a new chapter on academic language development * a postscript on how to integrate error treatment/language development suggestions in Chapters 4-6 into a writing class syllabus * the addition of discussion/analysis questions at the end of each chapter, plus suggested readings, to make the book more useful in pedagogy or teacher development workshops"
Transverse Disciplines: Queer-Feminist, Anti-racist, and Decolonial Approaches to the University
by Simone Pfleger Carrie SmithFor at least a decade, university foreign language programs have been in decline throughout the English-speaking world. As programs close or are merged into large multi-language departments, disciplines such as German studies find themselves struggling to survive. Transverse Disciplines offers an overview of the current research on the humanities and the academy at large and proposes creative and courageous ideas for the university of the future. Using German studies as a case study, the book examines localized academic work in Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States in order to model new ideas for invigorated thinking beyond disciplinary specificity, university communities, and entrenched academic practices. In essays that are theoretical, speculative, experimental, and deeply personal, contributors suggest that German studies might do better to stop trying to protect existing national and disciplinary arrangements. Instead, the discipline should embrace feminist, queer, anti-racist, and decolonial academic practices and commitments, including community-based work, research-creation, and scholar activism. Interrogating the position of researchers, teachers, and administrators inside and outside academia, Transverse Disciplines takes stock of the increasingly tenuous position of the humanities and stakes a claim for the importance of imagining new disciplinary futures within the often restrictive and harmful structures of the academy.
The Transpacific Flow: Creative Writing Programs in China (Asia Shorts)
by Jin FengWhat happens when a US cultural institution is imported to China, the purported chief rival of the United States in the twenty-first century? The first book-length account of university-based creative writing programs in China, this book reveals how Chinese intellectuals adapt American-style writing programs such as the Iowa Writers’ Workshop and the International Writing Program at Chinese universities to seek agency and literary innovation in the last two decades. The rise of creative writing programs in China explains broader issues of cultural production in an increasingly authoritarian and market-oriented postsocialist state. By telling a unique story of Chinese intellectuals’ interactions with an influential Western cultural institution, this book also shows how varied cultural and geopolitical priorities can rewrite the story of the global influence of the United States.
Transnational Writing Education: Theory, History, and Practice (ESL & Applied Linguistics Professional Series)
by Xiaoye YouArguing that writing teachers need to enable students to recognize, negotiate with, deconstruct, and transcend national, racial, ethnic, and linguistic boundaries, this volume proposes a "transnational" framework as an alternative approach to literacy education and as a vital component to cultivating students as global citizens. In a field of evolving literacy practices, this volume builds off the three pillars of transnational writing education—translingualism, transculturalism, and cosmopolitanism—and offers both conceptual and practice-based support for scholars, students, and educators in order to address current issues of inclusion, multilingual learning, and diversity.
Transnational Language Teacher Identities in TESOL: Identity Construction Among Female International Students in the U.S. (Routledge Research in Language Education)
by Hyesun Cho Reem Al-Samiri Junfu GaoDrawing on Bakhtin’s notion of ideological becoming and the concepts of intersectionality and transnationalism, this volume offers a unique conceptual framework to explore and better understand the identity construction and negotiation of international TESOL students. Focusing on female graduate students studying in the U.S., the text utilizes rich narratives to illustrate how nuanced language teacher identities develop through complex dialogic processes relating to language, race, and gender—as well as migration experiences—and individuals’ integration in academic and professional communities. Ultimately, the text contests deficit reductionist views of transnational students that are implied by educational policies and administration. This text will benefit scholars, academics, and students in the fields of bilingualism, TESOL, multicultural education, and language identity more broadly. Those involved with teaching and teacher education, as well as language and culture in general, will also benefit from this book.
Transnational Education Crossing 'Asia' and 'the West': Adjusted desire, transformative mediocrity and neo-colonial disguise (Routledge Research in Higher Education)
by Le-Ha PhanIn this book, Phan Le-Ha identifies and discusses four growing self-sustained/sustaining fundamental phenomena in transnational education (TNE), namely (1) the planned, evolving and transformative mediocrity behind the endorsement of English-medium education legitimized by the interactive Asia-the West relationship; (2) the strategic employment of the terms ‘Asia/Asian’ and ‘West/Western’ by all stakeholders in their perceptions and construction of choice, quality, rigour, reliability and attractiveness of programs, courses, and locations; (3) the adjusted desire for an imagined (and often misinformed) ‘West’ among various stakeholders of transnational education; and (4) the assigned and self-realized ownership of English by otherwise normally on-the-margin groups of speakers. A focus on how these phenomena impact questions of identity and desire in TNE is a running theme. The above phenomena are discussed against the backdrop of ‘the rise of Asia’ sentiment and how this sentiment has played out in interactions and relationships between ‘the West’ and ‘Asia’ and among Asian institutions and various entities. Phan Le-Ha’s examination of the identified phenomena in TNE has been informed by her multi-layered engagement with the dialectic of the Asia-the West relationship, her critical take on certain pro-Asia and decolonisation scholarship, and her interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approach to theorise the field and the specific topic under scrutiny. Phan Le-Ha shows that the current Asia chooses (not necessarily by force but largely by will and often with an informed and well-articulated agency) to go with the idea of the West and often desires an affiliation with the West either directly or indirectly, something that is getting more intense in the context of globalization, regionalization, and commercialization of education. The rise of Asia has made the idea of the West even more looked-for in Asia. TNE in Asia, in many ways, is the transforming and dynamic transit point, a layover that facilitates entry into a wanted destination – the West and/or the idea of the West. The West and Asia need one another more than ever in the context of the internationalization and commercialization of higher education. What’s more, the West and Asia have hardly ever been mutually exclusive but have rather been in an eventful love-and-obsession relationship with each other. This is the very dialectic proposition that Phan Le Ha takes throughout this book while paying specific attention to transnational higher education in the greater Asian region including the Middle East, following her several research projects conducted in the region since 2005 to date. Transnational Education Crossing 'the West' and 'Asia' explores: • English, Internationalisation of Higher Education, and Identity: Increasing Academic Monolingualism and English-only Package • Transnational Education and Dream Realization: From the Philippines to Vietnam, From Afghanistan to Dubai, From Everywhere in Asia to Thailand • Desiring International /Transnational Education: Theorisation of Key Concepts and Next Steps from Here The book will be of interest to researchers in the field of transnational education, Asia education and education policy.
Translingual Words: An East Asian Lexical Encounter with English
by Jieun KiaerTranslingual Words is a detailed case study on lexical integration, or mediation, occurring between East Asian languages and English(es). In Part I, specific examples from global linguistic corpora are used to discuss the issues involved in lexical interaction between East Asia and the English-speaking world. Part II explores the spread of East Asian words in English, while Part III discusses English words which can be found in East Asian languages. Translingual Words presents a novel approach on hybrid words by challenging the orthodox ideas on lexical borrowing and explaining the dynamic growth of new words based on translingualism and transculturalism.
Translingual Identities and Transnational Realities in the U.S. College Classroom
by Heather Robinson Jonathan Hall Nela NavarroExploring the roles of students’ pluralistic linguistic and transnational identities at the university level, this book offers a novel approach to translanguaging by highlighting students’ perspectives, voices, and agency as integral to the subject. Providing an original reconsideration of the impact of translanguaging, this book examines both transnationality and translinguality as ubiquitous phenomena that affect students’ lives. Demonstrating that students are the experts of their own language practices, experiences, and identities, the authors argue that a proactive translingual pedagogy is more than an openness to students’ spontaneous language variations. Rather, this proactive approach requires students and instructors to think about students’ holistic communicative repertoire, and how it relates to their writing. Robinson, Hall, and Navarro address students’ complex negotiations and performative responses to the linguistic identities imposed upon them because of their skin color, educational background, perceived geographical origin, immigration status, and the many other cues used to "minoritize" them. Drawing on multiple disciplinary discourses of language and identity, and considering the translingual practices and transnational experiences of both U.S. resident and international students, this volume provides a nuanced analysis of students’ own perspectives and self-examinations of their complex identities. By introducing and addressing the voices and self-reflections of undergraduate and graduate students, the authors shine a light on translingual and transnational identities and positionalities in order to promote and implement inclusive and effective pedagogies. This book offers a unique yet essential perspective on translinguality and transnationality, and is relevant to instructors in writing and language classrooms; to administrators of writing programs and international student support programs; and to graduate students and scholars in language education, second language writing, applied linguistics, and literacy studies.
The Translator’s Mirror for the Romantic: Cao Xueqin's Dream and David Hawkes' Stone (Routledge Studies in Chinese Translation)
by Fan ShengyuThe Translator’s Mirror for the Romantic: Cao Xueqin’s Dream and David Hawkes’ Stone is a book that uses precious primary sources to decipher a master translator’s art in Stone, a brilliant English translation of the most famous Chinese classic novel Dream. This book demonstrates a bilingual close reading which sheds light on both the original and its translation. By dividing the process of translation into reading, writing, and revising, and involving the various aspects of Sinological research, textual criticism, recreation, and literary allusions, this book ventures to emphasise the idea of translation as a dialogue between the original and the translated text, between the translator and his former self, and a learning process both for the translator and the reader of his translation. Any student of Chinese language and literature, or Chinese–English translation, will benefit from this book; for students and scholars who want to study David Hawkes and his Stone, this book is an indispensable aid. Readers will be interested to see how a non-theoretical analysis could be used to evaluate this translation, for it makes an extremely important and useful contribution to this subject.
Translation in the Digital Age (New Perspectives in Translation and Interpreting Studies)
by Michael CroninTranslation is living through a period of revolutionary upheaval. The effects of digital technology and the internet on translation are continuous, widespread and profound. From automatic online translation services to the rise of crowdsourced translation and the proliferation of translation Apps for smartphones, the translation revolution is everywhere. The implications for human languages, cultures and society of this revolution are radical and far-reaching. In the Information Age that is the Translation Age, new ways of talking and thinking about translation which take full account of the dramatic changes in the digital sphere are urgently required. Michael Cronin examines the role of translation with regard to the debates around emerging digital technologies and analyses their social, cultural and political consequences, guiding readers through the beginnings of translation's engagement with technology, and through to the key issues that exist today. With links to many areas of study, Translation in the Digital Age is a vital read for students of modern languages, translation studies, cultural studies and applied linguistics.
Translation between English and Arabic: A Textbook for Translation Students and Educators
by Noureldin AbdelaalThis textbook provides a comprehensive resource for translation students and educators embarking on the challenge of translating into and out of English and Arabic. Combining a solid basis in translation theory with examples drawn from real texts including the Qu’ran, the author introduces a number of the problems and practical considerations which arise during translation between English and Arabic, equipping readers with the skills to recognise and address these issues in their own work through practical exercises. Among these considerations are grammatical, semantic, lexical and cultural problems, collocations, idioms and fixed expressions. With its coverage of essential topics including culturally-bound terms and differences, both novice and more experienced translators will find this book useful in the development of their translation practice.
Translation as Advocacy: Perspectives on Practice, Performance and Publishing (Language Acts and Worldmaking)
by VariousWhat does it mean to advocate - in translation, for translation, through translation? What does advocacy look like, for those who do the translating or for those whose work is translated? To what extent is translation itself a form of advocacy? These 'what' questions are the driving force behind this collection.Translation as Advocacy highlights the innovative ways in which translator-academics in seven different fields discuss their practice in relation to their understanding of advocacy. The book aims to encourage people to think about translators as active agents bringing new work into the receiving culture, advocating for the writers they translate, for ideas, for practices. As such, the book asserts that the act of translation is a mode of cultural production and a political intervention through which the translator, as advocate, claims a significant position in intercultural dialogue.Featuring seven interrelated chapters, the book covers themes of judgement, spaces for translation, classroom practice, collaboration, intercultural position, textuality, and voice. Each chapter explores the specific demands of different types of translation work, the specific role of each stage of the process and what advocacy means at each of these stages, for example: choosing what is translated; mediating between author and receiving culture; pitching to publishers; social interactions; framing the translation for different audiences; teaching; creating new canons; gatekeepers and prizes; dissemination; marketing and reception. This book repositions the role of the translator-academic as an activist who uses their knowledge and understanding to bring agency to the complex processes of understanding across time and space. Moving critically through the different stages that the translator-academic occupies, using the spaces for research, performance and classroom teaching as springboards for active engagement with the key preoccupations of our times, this book will highlight translation as advocacy for students, educators, audiences for translation and the translation industry.Like all the volumes in the Language Acts and Worldmaking series, the overall aim is two-fold: to challenge widely-held views about language learning as a neutral instrument of globalisation and to innovate and transform language research, teaching and learning, together with Modern Languages as an academic discipline, by foregrounding its unique form of cognition and critical engagement.Specific aims are to:· propose new ways of bridging the gaps between those who teach and research languages and those who learn and use them in everyday contexts from the professional to the personal· put research into the hands of wider audiences· share a philosophy, policy and practice of language teaching and learning which turns research into action· provide the research, experience and data to enable informed debates on current issues and attitudes in language learning, teaching and research· share knowledge across and within all levels and experiences of language learning and teaching· showcase exciting new work that derives from different types of community activity and is of practical relevance to its audiences· disseminate new research in languages that engages with diverse communities of language practitioners.
Translation as Advocacy: Perspectives on Practice, Performance and Publishing (Language Acts and Worldmaking)
by VariousWhat does it mean to advocate - in translation, for translation, through translation? What does advocacy look like, for those who do the translating or for those whose work is translated? To what extent is translation itself a form of advocacy? These 'what' questions are the driving force behind this collection.Translation as Advocacy highlights the innovative ways in which translator-academics in seven different fields discuss their practice in relation to their understanding of advocacy. The book aims to encourage people to think about translators as active agents bringing new work into the receiving culture, advocating for the writers they translate, for ideas, for practices. As such, the book asserts that the act of translation is a mode of cultural production and a political intervention through which the translator, as advocate, claims a significant position in intercultural dialogue.Featuring seven interrelated chapters, the book covers themes of judgement, spaces for translation, classroom practice, collaboration, intercultural position, textuality, and voice. Each chapter explores the specific demands of different types of translation work, the specific role of each stage of the process and what advocacy means at each of these stages, for example: choosing what is translated; mediating between author and receiving culture; pitching to publishers; social interactions; framing the translation for different audiences; teaching; creating new canons; gatekeepers and prizes; dissemination; marketing and reception. This book repositions the role of the translator-academic as an activist who uses their knowledge and understanding to bring agency to the complex processes of understanding across time and space. Moving critically through the different stages that the translator-academic occupies, using the spaces for research, performance and classroom teaching as springboards for active engagement with the key preoccupations of our times, this book will highlight translation as advocacy for students, educators, audiences for translation and the translation industry.Like all the volumes in the Language Acts and Worldmaking series, the overall aim is two-fold: to challenge widely-held views about language learning as a neutral instrument of globalisation and to innovate and transform language research, teaching and learning, together with Modern Languages as an academic discipline, by foregrounding its unique form of cognition and critical engagement.Specific aims are to:· propose new ways of bridging the gaps between those who teach and research languages and those who learn and use them in everyday contexts from the professional to the personal· put research into the hands of wider audiences· share a philosophy, policy and practice of language teaching and learning which turns research into action· provide the research, experience and data to enable informed debates on current issues and attitudes in language learning, teaching and research· share knowledge across and within all levels and experiences of language learning and teaching· showcase exciting new work that derives from different types of community activity and is of practical relevance to its audiences· disseminate new research in languages that engages with diverse communities of language practitioners.
Translation and Literature in East Asia: Between Visibility and Invisibility (Routledge Studies In East Asian Translation Ser.)
by Jieun Kiaer Jennifer Guest Xiaofan Amy LiTranslation and Literature in East Asia: Between Visibility and Invisibility explores the issues involved in translation between Chinese, Japanese and Korean, as well as from these languages into European languages, with an eye to comparing the cultures of translation within East Asia and tracking some of their complex interrelationships. This book reasserts the need for a paradigm shift in translation theory that looks beyond European languages and furthers existing work in this field by encompassing a wider range of literature and scholarship in East Asia. Translation and Literature in East Asia brings together material dedicated to the theory and practice of translation between and from East Asian languages for the first time.
Translating the Perception of Text: Literary Translation and Phenomenology
by Clive ScottTranslation often proceeds as if languages already existed, as if the task of the translator were to make an appropriate selection from available resources. Clive Scott challenges this tacit assumption. If the translator is to do justice to himself/herself as a reader, if the translator is to become the creative writer of his/her reading, then the language of translation must be equal to the translators perceptual experience of, and bodily responses to, source texts. Each renewal of perceptual and physiological contact with a text involves a renewal of the ways we think language and use our expressive faculties (listening, speaking, writing). Phenomenology and particularly the phenomenology of Merleau-Ponty underpins this new approach to translation. The task of the translator is tirelessly to develop new translational languages, ever to move beyond the bilingual into the multilingual, and always to remember that language is as much an active instrument of perception as an object of perception. Clive Scott is Professor Emeritus of European Literature at the University of East Anglia, and a Fellow of the British Academy.
Translating Tagore's Stray Birds into Chinese: Applying Systemic Functional Linguistics to Chinese Poetry Translation (Routledge Studies in Chinese Translation)
by Yuanyi Ma Bo WangTranslating Tagore’s ‘Stray Birds’ into Chinese explores the choices in poetry translation in light of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) and illustrates the ways in which readers can achieve a deeper understanding of translated works in English and Chinese. Focusing on Rabindranath Tagore’s ‘Stray Birds’, a collection of elegant and philosophical poems, as a source text, Ma and Wang analyse four Chinese target texts by Zheng Zhenduo, Yao Hua, Lu Jinde and Feng Tang and consider their linguistic complexities through SFL. This book analyses the source text and the target texts from the perspectives of the four strata of language, including graphology, phonology, lexicogrammar and context. Ideal for researchers and academics of SFL, Translation Studies, Linguistics, and Discourse Analysis, Translating Tagore’s ‘Stray Birds’ into Chinese provides an in-depth exploration of SFL and its emerging prominence in the field of Translation Studies.
Translating Sholem Aleichem: History, Politics and Art
by Gennady EstraikhSholem Aleichem, whose 150th anniversary was commemorated in March 2009, remains one of the most popular Yiddish authors. But few people today are able to read the original. Since the 1910s, however, Sholem Aleichem's works have been known to a wider international audience through numerous translations, and through film and theatre adaptations, most famouslyFiddler on the Roof. This volume examines those translations published in Europe, with the aim of investigating how the specific European contexts might have shaped translations of Yiddish literature. With the contributions: Olga Litvak- Found in Translation: Sholem Aleichem and the Myth of the Ideal Yiddish Reader Alexander Frenkel- Sholem Aleichem as a Self-Translator Eugenia Prokop-Janiec- Sholem Aleichem and the Polish-Jewish Literary Audience Gennady Estraikh- Soviet Sholem Aleichem Roland Gruschka- 'Du host zikh a denkmol af eybik geshtelt': The Sovietization and Heroization of Sholem Aleichem in the 1939 Jubilee Poems Mikhail Krutikov- A Man for All Seasons: Translating Sholem Aleichem into Soviet Ideological Idiom Gabriella Safran- Four English Pots and the Evolving Translatability of Sholem Aleichem Sabine Koller- On (Un)Translatability: Sholem Aleichem's Ayznban-geshikhtes (Railroad Stories) in German Translation Alexandra Hoffman- Laughing Matters: Translation and Irony in 'Der gliklekhster in Kodne' Kerstin Hoge- Lost in Marienbad: On the Literary Use of the Linguistic Openness of Yiddish Anna Verschik- Sholem Aleichem in Estonian: Creating a Tradition Jan Schwarz- Speaking Tevye der milkhiker in Translation: Performance, Humour, and World Literature
Translating Myth (Legenda)
by Ben Pestell Pietra Palazzolo Leon BurnettEver since Odysseus heard tales of his own exploits being retold among strangers, audiences and readers have been alive to the complications and questions arising from the translation of myth. How are myths taken and carried over into new languages, new civilizations, or new media? An international group of scholars is gathered in this volume to present diverse but connected case studies which address the artistic and political implications of the changing condition of myth – this most primal and malleable of forms. ‘Translation’ is treated broadly to encompass not only literary translation, but also the transfer of myth across cultures and epochs. In an age when the spiritual world is in crisis, Translating Myth constitutes a timely exploration of myth’s endurance, and represents a consolidation of the status of myth studies as a discipline in its own right.
Translating Great Russian Literature: The Penguin Russian Classics (BASEES/Routledge Series on Russian and East European Studies)
by Cathy McAteerLaunched in 1950, Penguin’s Russian Classics quickly progressed to include translations of many great works of Russian literature and the series came to be regarded by readers, both academic and general, as the de facto provider of classic Russian literature in English translation, the legacy of which reputation resonates right up to the present day. Through an analysis of the individuals involved, their agendas, and their socio-cultural context, this book, based on extensive original research, examines how Penguin’s decisions and practices when translating and publishing the series played a significant role in deciding how Russian literature would be produced and marketed in English translation. As such the book represents a major contribution to Translation Studies, to the study of Russian literature, to book history and to the history of publishing.
Translating Great Russian Literature: The Penguin Russian Classics (ISSN)
by Cathy McAteerLaunched in 1950, Penguin’s Russian Classics quickly progressed to include translations of many great works of Russian literature and the series came to be regarded by readers, both academic and general, as the de facto provider of classic Russian literature in English translation, the legacy of which reputation resonates right up to the present day. Through an analysis of the individuals involved, their agendas, and their socio-cultural context, this book, based on extensive original research, examines how Penguin’s decisions and practices when translating and publishing the series played a significant role in deciding how Russian literature would be produced and marketed in English translation. As such the book represents a major contribution to Translation Studies, to the study of Russian literature, to book history and to the history of publishing.