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En el nombre de Salome
by Julia AlvarezEs el verano de 1960 y Camila Henríquez Urena, profesora de español jubilándose de la Universidad de Vassar, está empacando sus últimas pertenencias antes de mudarse de su apartamento en Poughkeepsie, Nueva York para unirse a la revolución de Fidel Castro en Cuba. Camila es hija de Salomé Urena, la famosa poetisa dominicana de finales del siglo diecinueve que instigaba revolución con sus apasionados versos, se casó con un presidente y luchó por educar a las niñas de su querida isla. Para Camila su llamado a la revolución es parte de su herencia. Pero Camila también ha heredado la confusión y el dolor del exilio y tiene sólo dos baúles llenos de papeles y efectos personales para iluminar el corazón y la vida de una madre que nunca llegó a conocer de verdad -- y así también descubrir su propio ser naciente.From the Trade Paperback edition.
En Contexto: Manual de redacción para estudiantes universitarios
by Luis Ochoa Enrique González RomeroWritten entirely in Spanish by instructors with years of experience, this textbook is a comprehensive guide to essay writing in Spanish. It provides advanced students of Spanish with the necessary tools to write fluently and effectively, both developing their reading, writing and critical thinking skills, and teaching them to practically analyse the rules of spelling, punctuation and grammar. It is organised into six chapters, progressing in level and complexity, which take students step-by-step through the writing process. Each chapter contains a number of features such as lists of new vocabulary, assessment checklists, questionnaires, and activities based on writing samples. It also includes an accompanying web resource, which features additional exercises for students, and a lesson plan and downloadable PowerPoint presentations for teachers. By drawing on the principles of grammar, this essential resource will help students become proficient writers, across a range of textual genres.
En Comunidad: Lessons For Centering The Voices And Experiences Of Bilingual Latinx Students
by Carla Espana Luz Yadira HerreraDrs. Carla Espana and Luz Yadira Herrera's schooling and teaching journey reveal the power of educators to create either liberating or dehumanizing spaces and experiences for bilingual Latinx students. En Comunidad brings bilingual Latinx students' perspectives to the center of our classrooms. Its culturally and linguistically sustaining lessons begin with a study of language practices in students' lives and texts, helping both children and teachers think about their ideas on language. These lessons then lay out a path for students' and families' storytelling, a critical analysis of historical narratives impacting current realities, ways to develop a social justice stance, and the use of poetry in sustaining the community. As the largest group of bilinguals in the U.S., bilingual Latinx students need teachers to not just welcome them into their classrooms, but also to advocate with and for them, for their languages, and for their lives. En Comunidad offers classroom-ready lessons that amplify the varied stories and identities of Latinx children. Each sequence of lessons follows a critical bilingual literacies framework for any educator teaching bilingual Latinx children and: - focuses on issues of language, literacies, and power - recommends carefully-curated texts and multimodal resources featuring Latinx voices - centers a translanguaging pedagogy that honors bilingual Latinx students' language practices. "In this book, Espana and Herrera treat seriously the idea that the cultural and linguistic practices of Latinx children are legitimate and should be made central to their educational experiences. It is a must-read for all educators who work with Latinx students." -Nelson Flores, Ph.D., Penn Graduate School of Education
En Avant!: Beginning French
by Bruce Anderson Annabelle DolidonLes étudiants apprennent mieux lorsqu’ils se connectent à la langue telle qu’elle est utilisée dans des contextes du monde réel, entre eux en tant que communauté et avec une culture authentique. En avant ! suscite la curiosité qui construit ces liens à mesure que les élèves progressent vers les compétences communicatives et culturelles dans la classe d’introduction. Le En avant! Le programme est construit autour des principes distinctifs suivants : * Une approche ciblée avec examen et recyclage systématiques* Apprentissage actif* Intégration de la culture Maintenant dans sa troisième édition, En avant! comprend de nombreux changements ciblés suscités par les commentaires des évaluateurs afin d'impliquer plus facilement les étudiants dans le contenu grammatical et culturel tout en rendant ce contenu encore plus convivial et logique. Dans notre processus de révision, nous avons mis l'accent sur la création et l'intégration de nouvelles fonctionnalités, basées sur les normes mondiales de préparation de l'ACTFL, afin de mieux engager et inspirer une nouvelle génération d'apprenants de français soucieux du numérique.
En Activo: Practical Business Spanish
by Esther Santamaria Iglesias Helen JonesEn Activo is a contemporary course which provides students with a structured development of written and spoken business language skills, focusing on real business people and situations from all over the Spanish-speaking world. The book consists of twenty chapters that incorporate contextual information on the business environment of Spain and Latin America, role-plays, illustrative dialogues, dedicated written exercises, relevant grammar instruction, practical communicative exercises, up-to-date practical advice, model items of written and spoken business protocol, and links to numerous carefully-selected and integrated websites. Each chapter is structured as follows: -Le Presento a…: introduction of the central individual and their working life -Escuche, por favor: extensive listening exercises and accompanying activities -Recuerde que...: grammar revision and communicative exercises -Para saber más: deepens knowledge about Spanish and Latin-American business culture and etiquette -Así se hace: hands-on section practising business situations and day-to-day tasks -¿Sabe navegar?: practices web research and web etiquette. Each fifth chapter is a revision chapter, which puts the acquired knowledge in practice via discussion groups, presentations and debates. The supporting website at www.enactivo.info features additional web and learning resources and exercises. An audio CD containing all interviews and listening comprehension exercises is available separately. At the end of this course the student will have a sound knowledge of the Spanish speaking business world and the language skills required to put this knowledge in practice.
Empowering EAL Learners in Secondary Schools: A Practical Resource to Support the Language Development of Multilingual Learners
by Joanna KolotaOne in five students are identified as speaking English as an Additional Language (EAL) and all teachers are highly likely to be teaching multilingual students in their classrooms. As our schools become more culturally and linguistically diverse, they must respond to the needs of the students in front of them, and this book provides a range of strategies and resources to ensure teaching is adaptive and responsive so that all learners thrive and fulfil their academic potential.At the heart of the book is developing an understanding of how languages are acquired and an awareness that all students, regardless of their current English language proficiency, need to be offered a challenging and supportive environment. Chapters offer: High-yielding, practical approaches and strategies to ensure that students are able to access content-appropriate lessons and simultaneously develop their language A plethora of resources and step-by-step examples, showcasing how explicit vocabulary and grammar learning can be context-based for the benefit of all learners Each teacher is positioned as a language teacher, with the responsibility of planning sessions where language is not perceived as an add-on, but as an integral and pivotal part. This book will empower you as an educator and ensure that your classroom is a language-aware and stimulating environment for your students. It will be essential reading for all secondary school educators and teaching assistants who support EAL students in mainstream lessons and are responsible for producing resources and implementing classroom strategies.
Emotions and English Language Teaching: Exploring Teachers’ Emotion Labor
by Sarah BeneschTaking a critical approach that considers the role of power, and resistance to power, in teachers’ affective lives, Sarah Benesch examines the relationship between English language teaching and emotions in postsecondary classrooms. The exploration takes into account implicit feeling rules that may drive institutional expectations of teacher performance and affect teachers’ responses to and decisions about pedagogical matters. Based on interviews with postsecondary English language teachers, the book analyzes ways in which they negotiate tension—theorized as emotion labor—between feeling rules and teachers’ professional training and/or experience, in particularly challenging areas of teaching: high-stakes literacy testing; responding to student writing; plagiarism; and attendance. Discussion of this rich interview data offers an expanded and nuanced understanding of English language teaching, one positing teachers’ emotion labor as a framework for theorizing emotions critically and as a tool of teacher agency and resistance.
Émigrés: French Words That Turned English
by Richard ScholarThe fascinating history of French words that have entered the English language and the fertile but fraught relationship between English- and French-speaking cultures across the world.English has borrowed more words from French than from any other modern foreign language. French words and phrases—such as à la mode, ennui, naïveté and caprice—lend English a certain je-ne-sais-quoi that would otherwise elude the language. Richard Scholar examines the continuing history of untranslated French words in English and asks what these words reveal about the fertile but fraught relationship that England and France have long shared and that now entangles English- and French-speaking cultures all over the world.Émigrés demonstrates that French borrowings have, over the centuries, “turned” English in more ways than one. From the seventeenth-century polymath John Evelyn’s complaint that English lacks “words that do so fully express” the French ennui and naïveté, to George W. Bush’s purported claim that “the French don’t have a word for entrepreneur,” this unique history of English argues that French words have offered more than the mere seasoning of the occasional mot juste. They have established themselves as “creolizing keywords” that both connect English speakers to—and separate them from—French. Moving from the realms of opera to ice cream, the book shows how migrant French words are never the same again for having ventured abroad, and how they complete English by reminding us that it is fundamentally incomplete.At a moment of resurgent nationalism in the English-speaking world, Émigrés invites native Anglophone readers to consider how much we owe the French language and why so many of us remain ambivalent about the migrants in our midst.
EMI Classroom Communication: A Corpus-Based Approach (Routledge Focus on English-Medium Instruction in Higher Education)
by Slobodanka Dimova Joyce Kling Branka Drljača MargićExamining English medium instruction (EMI) through a corpus-based approach, this volume offers a critical inquiry into the use of different linguistic and pedagogical strategies in the EMI classroom. It explores aspects of content lecturers’ language use, pedagogy, and intercultural communicative competence by drawing on the findings obtained from EMI lecture corpus analysis and post-observation interviews with EMI lecturers from five universities in Croatia, Denmark, Italy, the Netherlands, and Spain. The book also offers insights into lecturers’ engagement with students in English, which is their second language, as well as their perception of differences between EMI and first-language-medium instruction (L1MI). Finally, the volume provides readers with corpus-based analysis of teachers’ oral ability profiles, as a basis for the identification of communicational challenges and provision of language support. The book will be of interest to scholars interested in EMI in higher education, and postgraduate students in applied linguistics and TESOL programs. It will also be relevant to teachers who are involved in EMI provision, teacher trainers who design support programs for EMI teachers, and policymakers who establish language-in-education policies for EMI.
The Emergence of the Palestinian-Arab National Movement, 1918-1929 (RLE Israel and Palestine)
by Yehoshua PorathThe resurgence of Palestinian nationalism in the wake of the 1967 Arab-Israeli war tended to overshadow the fact that Palestinian national consciousness is not a new phenomenon, but traces its origins back to the time when the first stirrings of nationalism were being felt in many parts of the under-developed world. This work, first published in 1974, is based on both Arabic and Hebrew primary sources as well as English and French official and unofficial documents, and was the first detailed study of the infancy period of Palestinian nationalism. The book begins by establishing the position of Palestine and Jerusalem in Islamic history and their significance within the concepts of Islam, and outlines the social and political features of the Palestinian population at the beginning of the First World War. The author then charts in detail the development of Palestinian nationalism over the decade after the War. Two major forces influenced this development and reacted with it: Zionism, with its ambitious schemes for settling Jews in Palestine and creating a National Home for them there, and Arab nationalism on a wider scale, which was emerging spontaneously with the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire and the spreading of ideas of self-determination. The growing threat posed by Zionism awoke the Palestinian population to the need for organization and the establishment of their own identity to oppose it, while the focus of their national aspirations widened or narrowed according to the ability which they felt at any given time to confront Zionism and achieve self-expression within a Palestinian rather than an all-Syrian national framework. The events of these turbulent years – the confrontations with the British, delegations, boycotts, proposals and rejections, the emergence of al-Hajj Amin al-Husayni, the Wailing Wall conflict and its repercussions – are all described within the context of these wider considerations, which also include Britain’s own role as holder of the Mandate over Palestine.
Emergence of Korean English: How Korea's Dynamic English is Born (Routledge Studies in East Asian Translation)
by Jieun Kiaer Hyejeong AhnEmergence of Korean English explores the dynamic nature of emerging Korean English and its impact on Korean society, culture, and identity. This book challenges the negative stereotypes and stigmatization of Konglish and argues that it has been a great asset for Korea’s fast economic development. The fate of Korean English has been transformed in the time of the Korean wave as the K-fandom actively engages with Korean English. The book offers a comprehensive overview of Korea’s encounter with the English language and provides an in-depth analysis of linguistic characteristics, pragmatic features, and cross-cultural and cross-linguistic aspects of Korean English. The authors examine the unique linguistic features of Korean English, including phonological, syntactic, and lexical features, and highlight the sociocultural implications of these features for Korean society. In addition, the book discusses the role of Hallyu fandom languages in the emergence of Korean English and the growth of Korean pop culture worldwide. It also provides insights into the English fever in South Korea and its impact on education, society, and culture. This book is a valuable resource for scholars, students, and professionals who are interested in the emergence of Korean English and its social, cultural, and linguistic implications for Korea and the global community.
Embodied Conceptualization or Neural Realization: A Corpus-Driven Study of Mandarin Synaesthetic Adjectives (Frontiers in Chinese Linguistics #10)
by Qingqing ZhaoThis book focuses on linguistic synaesthesia in a hitherto less-studied language – Mandarin Chinese – and adopts a corpus-driven approach to support the analysis and argumentation. The study identifies directional tendencies and underlying mechanisms for Mandarin synaesthetic adjectives. By doing so, it not only provides an added layer of understanding for theories of linguistic synaesthesia, but also offers evidence to help refine previous theories, such as Embodiment Theory and Conceptual Metaphor Theory. In brief, the book makes a significant contribution to the development of Cognitive Linguistics. The intended readership includes, but is not limited to, graduate students in linguistics and researchers interested in Chinese linguistics in particular, and in lexical semantics and cognitive linguistics in general.
The Elusive Case of Lingua Franca: Fact and Fiction
by Joanna NolanThis book explores many of the unanswered questions surrounding the original and eponymous Lingua Franca, a language spoken by peoples across the Mediterranean and North Africa for nearly three centuries. Allowing people from different countries, classes and cultures to interact with one another for the purposes of trade, piracy, slavery and diplomacy - among many other domains - Lingua Franca was lexified by Romance languages, including Italian and its dialects, Spanish, French and Portuguese, with possible Turkish and Arabic influences as well. The potential unreliability of source accounts, the blurring of fact and fiction across documentary and dramatic sources, and the linguistic biases and plurilingual repertoire of many of Lingua Franca’s speakers all combine to make Lingua Franca an elusive topic for examination. The author draws upon previously unexplored documentary evidence, including correspondence from the era found in The National Archives at Kew, to shed light on the multilingual and plurilingual landscape that fostered Lingua Franca’s development and spread, and its influence on the written domain. This book will be of interest to students and scholars of colonial history, linguistic anthropology, sociolinguistics and language contact.
ELT: The Basics (The Basics)
by Michael McCarthy Steve WalshELT: The Basics offers a clear, non-jargonistic introduction to English language teaching for EFL/ESL teachers in training, early career teachers, those considering taking up ELT, and experienced teachers who may want to read about the way the profession has developed and continues to evolve. Key features of this book include: Real classroom data and data from ELT training programmes Discussion of a wide range of learning contexts and different types of learners (young learners, adults, third age, academic, refugees and immigrants, etc.) Comparisons of different types of syllabuses and methods, and discussion of current technologies An emphasis on classroom interaction as the key to maximising learning Featuring a glossary of key terms, cartoons and illustrations, further reading, personal reflection points, and discussion of the most important and relevant research, this book is a clear and accessible introduction to the complex field of ELT.
The ELL Teacher's Toolbox: Hundreds of Practical Ideas to Support Your Students (The Teacher's Toolbox Series)
by Larry Ferlazzo Katie Hull SypnieskiPractical strategies to support your English language learners The ELL Teacher’s Toolbox is a practical, valuable resource to be used by teachers of English Language Learners, in teacher education credential programs, and by staff development professionals and coaches. It provides hundreds of innovative and research-based instructional strategies you can use to support all levels of English Language Learners. Written by proven authors in the field, the book is divided into two main sections: Reading/Writing and Speaking/Listening. Each of those sections includes “Top Ten” favorites and between 40 and 70 strategies that can be used as part of multiple lessons and across content areas. Contains 60% new strategies Features ready-to-use lesson plans Includes reproducible handouts Offers technology integration ideas The percentage of public school students in the U.S. who are English language learners grows each year—and with this book, you’ll get a ton of fresh, innovative strategies to add to your teaching arsenal.
ELL Shadowing as a Catalyst for Change
by Ivannia M. SotoExperience a day in the life of an ELL What if you could barely understand what your teacher was saying? ELL shadowing helps teachers experience the classroom from the student’s point of view. The author describes how to implement this easily accessible form of professional development, outlines specific strategies for adapting instruction to engage ELLs, and provides supporting videos on a companion website. Benefits include: Increased teacher sensitivity to ELLs’ school experiences A heightened sense of urgency to help ELLs learn academic language and content Improved classroom instruction that spreads throughout schools and districts More engaged students who are more likely to stay in school and reach their potential
ELL Frontiers: Using Technology to Enhance Instruction for English Learners
by Andrea M. Honigsfeld Heather Parris Lisa M. EstradaYour GPS for improving ELLs’ academic outcomes Grounded in the latest research on EL language and literacy development and technology integration, this timely book will serve as your road map for navigating the exciting new frontier of digital instruction. Learn how to improve academic outcomes, enhance language acquisition, and cultivate digital citizenship through ELL Frontiers’: An overview of current digital age learning experiences and trends Step-by-step guides to implementing technology-infused lessons that are specifically adapted for English learners, including a sample lesson seed in each chapter Authentic vignettes of current uses of technology in the classroom Professional Learning Network questions for group discussion
ELL Frontiers: Using Technology to Enhance Instruction for English Learners
by Andrea M. Honigsfeld Heather Parris Lisa M. EstradaYour GPS for improving ELLs’ academic outcomes Grounded in the latest research on EL language and literacy development and technology integration, this timely book will serve as your road map for navigating the exciting new frontier of digital instruction. Learn how to improve academic outcomes, enhance language acquisition, and cultivate digital citizenship through ELL Frontiers’: An overview of current digital age learning experiences and trends Step-by-step guides to implementing technology-infused lessons that are specifically adapted for English learners, including a sample lesson seed in each chapter Authentic vignettes of current uses of technology in the classroom Professional Learning Network questions for group discussion
ELF Research Methods and Approaches to Data and Analyses: Theoretical and Methodological Underpinnings (Routledge Research in Language Education)
by Kumiko MurataThis book systematically explores and discusses English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) research methods frequently deployed by ELF researchers in analysing their data. It mainly covers three different approaches: corpus-based, both written and spoken, conversation analytic and narrative approaches. In addition to exploring these different approaches to ELF data, the volume also introduces case studies that utilise them in analysing data in both academic and workplace settings, which facilitates not only the understanding of the ways in which research is conducted but also its findings. Furthermore, the book discusses theoretical underpinnings of ELF research and its recent development in its first part. It is comprehensive both in understanding theory and exploring research methods which can be deployed in conducting ELF research. The book, therefore, will be of great interest and use for both ELF researchers and educators as well as undergraduate and postgraduate students who are about to embark on their ELF and ELF-related research, and also to those who are new to the field.
ELF and Applied Linguistics: Reconsidering Applied Linguistics Research from ELF Perspectives (Routledge Studies in Applied Linguistics)
by Kumiko MurataWith help from a global cast of scholars, Kumiko Murata explores the remodelling of the discipline of applied linguistics, which traditionally regarded Anglophone native-speaker English as the standard for English as a lingua franca (ELF). This edited volume probes the dichotomy between the current focus of applied linguistic research and a drastically changed English use in a globalised world. This division is approached from diverse perspectives and with the overarching understanding of ELF as an indispensable area of applied linguistics research. The volume includes theoretical backgrounds to English as a lingua franca, the nature of ELF interactions, language policy and practice from an ELF perspective, and the relationship between multilingualism and ELF. A resourceful book not only to ELF researchers but also applied linguists in general, as well as policy makers, administrators, practicing teachers, and university students from diverse linguacultural backgrounds.
ELF and Applied Linguistics: Reconsidering Applied Linguistics Research from ELF Perspectives (Routledge Studies in Applied Linguistics)
by Kumiko MurataWith help from a global cast of scholars, Kumiko Murata explores the remodelling of the discipline of applied linguistics, which traditionally regarded Anglophone native-speaker English as the standard for English as a lingua franca (ELF).This edited volume probes the dichotomy between the current focus of applied linguistic research and a drastically changed English use in a globalised world. This division is approached from diverse perspectives and with the overarching understanding of ELF as an indispensable area of applied linguistics research. The volume includes theoretical backgrounds to English as a lingua franca, the nature of ELF interactions, language policy and practice from an ELF perspective, and the relationship between multilingualism and ELF.A resourceful book not only to ELF researchers but also applied linguists in general, as well as policy makers, administrators, practicing teachers, and university students from diverse linguacultural backgrounds.
Eleven Short Stories: A Dual-Language Book (Dover Dual Language Italian)
by Luigi PirandelloWinner of the 1934 Nobel Prize for literature, Luigi Pirandello (1867 - 1936) is best known for such landmark plays as Six Characters in Search of an Author. One of the great literary figures of the twentieth century, he also distinguished himself in a vast outpouring of short stories, poetry, novels, and essays. The stories often provided the seeds for later novels and plays.The 11 tales included in this collection are among his best. Presented in the original Italian with excellent new English translations on facing pages, they offer students of Italian language and literature a unique learning aid and a treasury of superb fiction by a modern master.The stories range in time from the earliest known tale, "Little Hut," a study of rural passions written in 1884, to "Mrs. Frola and Mr. Ponza, Her Son-in-Law," a quintessential Pirandello story about the relativity of truth and the impossibility of penetrating other people's minds. Published in 1917, it formed the basis of Pirandello's first major play, Right You Are If You Think You Are. In addition to these narratives, the volume also includes "Citrons from Sicily," "With Other Eyes," "A Voice," "The Fly," "The Oil Jar," "It's Not to be Taken Seriously," "Think it Over, Giacomino!," "A Character's Tragedy," and "A Prancing Horse."Accompanying the stories are a biographical and critical introduction to Pirandello and his work, brief introductions to each of the stories and explanatory footnotes.
The Elements of Hittite
by Theo Van Den HoutHittite is one of the earliest attested Indo-European languages and was the language of a state which flourished in Asia Minor particularly in the second millennium BC. This exciting and accessible new introductory course, which can be used in both trimester and semester systems, offers in ten lessons a comprehensive introduction to the grammar of the Hittite language with ample exercises both in transliteration and in cuneiform. It includes a separate section of paradigms, an index of syntactic and semantic topics, as well as a list of every cuneiform sign used in the book. A full glossary can be found at the back. The book has been designed so that the cuneiform is not essential and can be left out of any course if so desired. The introduction provides the necessary cultural and historical background, with suggestions for further reading, and explains the principles of the cuneiform writing system.
Elementary Vietnamese
by Binh Nhu NgoThis is a complete Vietnamese language course designed for college or high school-level classroom use or self-study. Since its publication in 1998, "Elementary Vietnamese" has become the leading book for anyone wishing to learn Vietnamese, and an invaluable resource for people traveling, studying or working in Vietnam. This beginner Vietnamese book was originally developed for classroom use at Harvard University, where it has been field-tested for many years. This revised Third Edition has been thoroughly updated to reflect recent developments in Vietnamese speech patterns and culture over the past decade. The main focus of "Elementary Vietnamese" is to assist learners in developing basic skills in listening, speaking, writing and reading the language. It serves a secondary function as a general introduction to modern Vietnamese society and culture, with dialogues, cultural notes, exercises and readings drawn from contemporary life and popular media there. "Elementary Vietnamese" is designed for effective self-study as well as for use in a college-level classroom. Features of the Third Edition include: Many hours of new audio recordings by native Vietnamese speakers. Innovative pronunciation drills to help you to achieve near-native pronunciation ability. New usage examples, cultural notes, and exercises along with photos showing life in Vietnam today. A guide for instructors ("New Edition Notes") detailing changes made in the Third Edition. The MP3 audio recordings which accompany this book are of native Vietnamese speakers. These recordings cover: All dialogues, narratives and vocabulary. Grammar and usage notes. Everyday Vietnamese idioms and expressions. A unique set of pronunciation drills to help you speak like a native and . Commonly-used proverbs, to help you speak and understand colloquial Vietnamese.
Elementary Turkish (Dover Language Guides)
by Lewis ThomasTurkish is the primary language of some thirty million people. Anyone concerned with current social, political, and cultural developments in Turkey knows that a practical understanding of the basic patterns of modern Turkish is an invaluable skill that until now has been difficult to attain without extensive training.This superb grammar and exercise text, used successfully for years in Princeton University, enables English-speaking students — in and out of the classroom — to gain a quick and thorough understanding of modern Turkish. In a carefully arranged sequence of 23 lessons, Lewis V. Thomas, late Professor of Oriental Studies at Princeton, presents thorough coverage that allows the student to begin to use the basic patterns of modern Turkish without time-consuming and expensive private instruction.The method of instruction was devised after an extensive analysis of results in Princeton classrooms, and relies on exercises at the end of each lesson to test the student's grasp of the material. Beginning with the alphabet and numbers, Professor Thomas offers clear, concise coverage of articles, adjectives and nouns, common infinitives, personal pronouns, and elementary verbs. As the student's comprehension of basic elements develops, further lessons deal with more complicated subjects such as the possessive construction, past general verbs, postpositions, the partitive, progressive verb forms, and abbreviating verb forms. A complete Turkish-English glossary translates new vocabulary occurring in the exercises.Norman Itzkowitz, Professor of Near Eastern Studies at Princeton University, has skillfully made the necessary revisions and additions to complete Professor Thomas' work. For anyone who needs to communicate in this important and influential language, Professor Thomas' proven course, now in an inexpensive paperback edition, is the most effective method available.