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G Protein-Coupled Receptors: Immobilization and Applications in Drug Discovery (SpringerBriefs in Molecular Science)
by Xinfeng Zhao Qian Li Jing Wang Qi Liang Jia QuanThis book summarizes the progress made to functional immobilize G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) through site-specific or orientated recognition in both non-covalent and covalent manners. The last decade is the dawn of the “post-structural biology” era for G protein-coupled receptor research. As an emerging approach for state-of-the-art immobilization, this book discusses efforts to explore the elegance of naturally-occurring biochemical reactions by using their high specificity and robust reactivity in the complex system, such as site-specific conjugation by covalent recognition between enzymes and their substrates. With the perspective of protein-drug interactions, this book also reviews the applications of protein immobilization, with an emphasis on G protein-coupled receptors, in drug discovery and protein-ligand interaction analysis. In addition, the merits, opportunities and disadvantages are analyzed for different immobilization methods, and a perspective for future directions is presented. Given its scope, this book appeals to a broad readership, particularly researchers engaged in the field of analytical chemistry, bioconjugate chemistry, and chemical biology, and other related field, as well as teachers of relevant majors in colleges and universities.
The Duty of Medical Practitioners and CAM/TCM Practitioners to Inform Competent Adult Patients about Alternatives
by Xiju ZhaoThe book pays interest to a small and almost untouched topic: a health practitioner' s duty to inform about alternatives. It covers both orthodox medicine practitioners and CAM practitioners. The topic is explored in a co mparative way, examining the laws of not only common law jurisdictions, such as the USA, England, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, but also two East Asia jurisdictions ( China and Japan ) . It uses the collective wisdom of several common law jurisdictions, but also differentiates them. It places the issue of "disclosure of alternatives" in a clear and wider context, making a cogent distinction between diagnosis/treatment and information disclosure.
Studies of Pluripotency in Embryonic Stem Cells and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
by Xiaoyang ZhaoStem cells have the ability to differentiate into all types of cells within the body, thus have great therapeutic potential for regenerative medicine to treat complicated disorders, like Parkinson's disease and spinal cord injury. There will also be many applications in drug development. However, several roadblocks, such as safety issues and low efficiency of pluripotent stem cell (PSC) line derivation need to be resolved before their clinical application. This thesis focuses on these two areas, so as to find methods to overcome the limitation. It covers deriving embryonic stem cells (ESCs) from several different species and reports an efficient system to generate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and the first iPSC mice in the world. The results in this thesis confirm that somatic cells can be fully reprogrammed with the four Yamanaka factors. In addition, we have found that the Dlk1-Dio3 region can be a potential molecular marker to distinguish the fully reprogrammed iPSCs from partially reprogrammed ones. All of these results will help improve the safety of PSCs in the clinical applications and increase the current low induction efficiency of their production.
Nanophotonics in Biomedical Engineering
by Xiangwei Zhao Meng LuThis book summarizes the latest advances in nanophotonics for biomedical applications, including biomolecular sensing and imaging, additive fabrications, and biophotonics. The engineering of nanophotonics will have significant impacts on the life sciences and medicine alike. Given its scope, the book offers a valuable asset for researchers, scientists, engineers, and graduate students in the fields of biomedical engineering, electrical engineering, materials sciences, optics, biology, and medicine.
Handbook for Chemical Process Research and Development
by Wenyi ZhaoThe Handbook for Chemical Process Research and Development focuses on developing processes for chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Forty years ago there were few process research and development activities in the pharmaceutical industry, partially due to the simplicity of the drug molecules. However, with the increasing structural complexity, especially the introduction of chiral centers into the drug molecules and strict regulations set by the EMA and FDA, process R&D has become one of the critical departments for pharmaceutical companies. This book assists with the key responsibility of process chemists to develop chemical processes for manufacturing pharmaceutical intermediates and final drug substances for clinical studies and commercial production.
Handbook for Chemical Process Research and Development, Second Edition
by Wenyi ZhaoThis fully updated second edition reflects the significant changes in process chemistry since the first edition and includes more common process issues such as safety, cost, robustness, and environmental impact. Some areas have made notable progress such as process safety, stereochemistry, new reagents and reagent surrogates. Forty years ago there were few process research and development activities in the pharmaceutical industry, partly due to the simplicity of drug molecules. With increasing structural complexity especially the introduction of chiral centers into drug molecules and stricter regulations, process R&D has become one of the critical departments for pharmaceutical companies. Features: This unique volume now in its second edition is designed to provide readers with an unprecedented strategy and approach which will help chemists and graduate students develop chemical processes in an efficient manner. Promotes an industrial mindset concerning safety and commercial viability when developing methods. The author discusses development strategies with case studies and experimental procedures. Focuses on mechanism-guided process development which provides readers with practical strategies and approaches. Addresses more common process issues such as safety, cost, robustness, and environmental impact. This book provides a new direction for scientists, researchers, and students in materials science and polymer chemistry who seek to better understand the chemistry behind conducting polymers and improve their performance for use in advanced energy applications.
Rehabilitation Therapeutics of the Neurological Training: Daoyin Technique in Chinese Medicine
by Wenru ZhaoThis book introduces the Neurological Training and Educating Technical System (NTETS), providing readers with a useful tool for the recovery of motor function after incurring CNS lesions. NTETS is based on the essential theories of Chinese medicine, central nervous system plasticity and motor function, using the six-step Chinese Daoyin technique to induce the CNS potency. This rehabilitation technique not only applies to acute stage patients who suffer from motor dysfunction caused by CNS lesions, but is also used for regaining motor function in long-term patients who have not experienced any improved motor function through the common rehabilitation methods of today. This informative book on NTETS is a beneficial supplement to modern rehabilitation medicine and serves as a valuable resource for rehabilitation doctors, nurses, graduate students in this field or employees working in neurology, neurosurgery, orthopaedics and geriatrics departments.
Comparative Studies on Pandemic Control Policies and the Resilience of Society
by Simon X. B. Zhao Kam Tong Chan Selçuk Çolakoğlu Qiaoyun Zhang Bo YanThis book documents and analyses the differentiated control policies, the determinant factors behind, social resilience, and international relations during the pandemic from a comparative perspective in a facts-based, data-supporting manner. The intermittent outbreak of cases, public sentiments after long anxiety, questions over the efficacy of vaccines, have forced governments as well as the public to rethink differing approaches and policies in the combat against not just COVID, but the delta variant. In this context, this book establishes itself as a timely product, perhaps the first of its kind, to provide a widely covered individual country-based observation of policies, with an emphasis on multidimensional determinant factors behind the policies. A comparative study of social resilience during the pandemic constitutes another highlight of the book. The different policies tested social resilience differently in parameters such as mortality rates, vaccination coverage, social mobility, travel arrangements, trust in government, and general human development. Above and beyond observations and analyses at local and national levels, this book expands its scope to incorporate international relations, contemplating over the impacts of the pandemic on international relations, power shifts, and new world/global orders, crystallized in the indisputable rise of China.
The Statistical Analysis of Multivariate Failure Time Data: A Marginal Modeling Approach (Chapman & Hall/CRC Monographs on Statistics and Applied Probability #1)
by Shanshan Zhao Ross PrenticeThe Statistical Analysis of Multivariate Failure Time Data: A Marginal Modeling Approach provides an innovative look at methods for the analysis of correlated failure times. The focus is on the use of marginal single and marginal double failure hazard rate estimators for the extraction of regression information. For example, in a context of randomized trial or cohort studies, the results go beyond that obtained by analyzing each failure time outcome in a univariate fashion. The book is addressed to researchers, practitioners, and graduate students, and can be used as a reference or as a graduate course text. Much of the literature on the analysis of censored correlated failure time data uses frailty or copula models to allow for residual dependencies among failure times, given covariates. In contrast, this book provides a detailed account of recently developed methods for the simultaneous estimation of marginal single and dual outcome hazard rate regression parameters, with emphasis on multiplicative (Cox) models. Illustrations are provided of the utility of these methods using Women’s Health Initiative randomized controlled trial data of menopausal hormones and of a low-fat dietary pattern intervention. As byproducts, these methods provide flexible semiparametric estimators of pairwise bivariate survivor functions at specified covariate histories, as well as semiparametric estimators of cross ratio and concordance functions given covariates. The presentation also describes how these innovative methods may extend to handle issues of dependent censorship, missing and mismeasured covariates, and joint modeling of failure times and covariates, setting the stage for additional theoretical and applied developments. This book extends and continues the style of the classic Statistical Analysis of Failure Time Data by Kalbfleisch and Prentice. Ross L. Prentice is Professor of Biostatistics at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and University of Washington in Seattle, Washington. He is the recipient of COPSS Presidents and Fisher awards, the AACR Epidemiology/Prevention and Team Science awards, and is a member of the National Academy of Medicine. Shanshan Zhao is a Principal Investigator at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
Essentials of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Biology and Its Clinical Translation
by Robert Chunhua ZhaoMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a type of adult stem cells, have attracted the attention of scientists and physicians alike due to their unique biological properties and potential for disease treatment. As stem cell research is complex and progressing rapidly, it is important that the experts in this field share their views and perspectives. This book, co-edited by leading global researchers, is divided into three major sections and covers a broad range of topics concerning MSCs during their transition from benchside to bedside. The book is intended for researchers and clinicians in the field of stem cells. Dr. Robert Chunhua Zhao, MD. Ph.D is Cheung Kong Professor of Stem Cell Biology, Professor of Cell Biology at the Institute of Basic Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, China Director of Center for Tissue Engineering, PUMC Chief scientist of 973 program Regional Editor of Stem Cells and Development.
Stem Cells: Basics and Clinical Translation
by Robert Chunhua ZhaoThis book provides a comprehensive review of the properties of various stem cell types, the mechanisms of their behaviors and their potential clinical application. Stem cells have a great capacity of self-renewal and differentiation. They represent new paradigms for disease treatment in the field of regenerative medicine since the day they were discovered. As stem cell research is complicated and making progress rapidly, it is important to have expertise in this field to share their views and perspectives. This book provides a wonderful platform for those who are interested in stem cells to learn from and communicate with experts. Particularly, it highlights the roles of stem cell based therapy for a variety of diseases. Furthermore, this book gives a detailed introduction to the great works related to stem cells in China. The readers could gain a profound knowledge of the state-of-art research done by scientists in the field of stem cells. Overall, this book will be a valuable reference resource for both experienced investigators pursuing stem cell research as well as those are just entering into this field. Dr. Robert Chunhua Zhao, a Cheung Kong Professor of Stem Cell Biology, is Professor of Cell Biology at the Institute of Basic Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China. He is Director of the Center for Tissue Engineering, PUMC and Chief Scientist of the National Basic Research Program of China ("973 Program"). He also serves as Regional Editor of Stem Cells and Development.
Computational and Cognitive Neuroscience of Vision (Cognitive Science and Technology)
by Qi ZhaoDespite a plethora of scientific literature devoted to vision research and the trend toward integrative research, the borders between disciplines remain a practical difficulty. To address this problem, this book provides a systematic and comprehensive overview of vision from various perspectives, ranging from neuroscience to cognition, and from computational principles to engineering developments. It is written by leading international researchers in the field, with an emphasis on linking multiple disciplines and the impact such synergy can lead to in terms of both scientific breakthroughs and technology innovations. It is aimed at active researchers and interested scientists and engineers in related fields.
Working with Data in Public Health: A Practical Pathway with R
by Peng ZhaoThis book provides a complete practical guide of processing data in public health with R language. On the basis of the author’s research and teaching experiences, this book serves either as a textbook for undergraduates and graduates in public health or as a tutorial for self-learning. Many first-hand examples are presented with source data, R scripts, and graphs, as well as detailed explanations, which could be easily reproduced by readers so as to better understand the data processing principles and procedures. Popular and novel R packages in public health are introduced as well.
Neurovascular Coupling Methods
by Mingrui Zhao Hongtao Ma Theodore H. SchwartzNeurovascular Coupling Methods brings the reader up to date with the current state-of-the-art techniques in measuring blood flow in the brain, with chapters describing different techniques or combinations of techniques, applied to specific species in either healthy or abnormal brains. Opening with a section on techniques in normal somatosensory processing, the detailed volume continues with parts covering techniques in normal visual processing, epilepsy and cerebrovascular diseases, such as ischemia, hemorrhage and spreading depression As a collection in the popular Neuromethods series, this book contains the kind of thorough description and implementation advice that will lead to successful results in the lab. Authoritative and practical, Neurovascular Coupling Methods serves as an ideal guide for researchers aiming to further our knowledge of these coupling mechanisms in the hopes of ultimately understanding higher order functions such as language and memory and developing novel brain mapping techniques that can be employed in humans.
Hematopoietic Stem Cells: Keystone of Tissue Development and Regenerative Medicine (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology #1442)
by Meng Zhao Pengxu QianThis book renders a comprehensive understanding of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from their embryonic development through adult maintenance to aging, in the studies conducted in zebrafish and mammals. Hematopoiesis provides a paradigm for understanding the development, maintenance, regeneration, aging and malignant transformation of mammalian organs. Sitting at the apex of the hematopoiesis hierarchy tree, HSCs orchestrate their proliferation, self-renewal, and differentiation to produce all the blood cell lineages throughout life, which represents the best example for somatic stem cell studies. In this book, key regulatory mechanisms for HSC self-renewal and differentiation are overviewed in an array of fields including epigenetics, metabolism and microenvironment regulation. It also highlights the HSC heterogeneity and clonal dynamics from the recent advanced single-cell technologies. This book elaborates on the research history of HSC studies and reveals how the insights from HSC studies shed light on their clinic application. It presents great value from the bench to the clinic.
Oligosaccharides of Chitin and Chitosan: Bio-manufacture and Applications
by Liming ZhaoThe book provides an overview of bio-manufacturing techniques for the production, purification, characterization and modification of chito/chitin oligosaccharides and their monomers. In addition, it explores potential applications in the food, biomedical and agricultural industry on the basis of their bioactivities and biomaterial properties. Lastly, it shares a range of cutting-edge insights to help solve problems in industrial processes and promote further academic investigation. Given its scope, it offers a valuable resource for researchers and graduate students in the fields of bioengineering, food science, biochemistry, etc.
Minimally Invasive Functional Reconstruction of the Knee
by Jinzhong ZhaoThe book provides essential surgical techniques to restore knee function, in addition to the anatomical reconstruction. It introduces 44 techniques in separated chapters, which are composized with the same text structure and high-resolution photos. The authors are good at managing and teaching these techniques. The step-by-step descriptions and illustrations are very helpful for the readers of orthopaedic and sports medicine surgeons.
Quality Control of Chinese Medicines: Strategies and Methods
by Jing Zhao Shaoping LiThis book focuses on the strategies and methods for quality control of Chinese medicines used in prevention and treatment of diseases for thousands of years in China and East Asia. It explains various strategies and methods for quality markers discovery and herbal glycoanalysis, as well as practices for control of heavy metal and pesticide residues. Strategies to overcome the shortage of reference compounds for quality control of Chinese medicines are also provided. The book also introduces analytical techniques for different analytes in Chinese medicines with an emphasis on sample preparation in automation and high extraction efficiency methods, the key process affecting the time and accuracy of the techniques. It is of interest to quality control scientists in academia and industry working on Chinese medicines and/or herbal medicine and also pharmacists, pharmacologists, food chemists, and nutritionists who want to understand Chinese medicines.
Observer Design for Control and Fault Diagnosis of Boolean Networks
by Zhihua ZhangBoolean control networks (BCNs) are a kind of parameter-free model, which can be used to approximate the qualitative behavior of biological systems. After converting into a model similar to the standard discrete-time state-space model, control-theoretic problems of BCNs can be studied. In control theory, state observers can provide state estimation for any other applications. Reconstructibility condition is necessary for the existence of state observers. In this thesis explicit and recursive methods have been developed for reconstructibility analysis. Then, an approach to design Luenberger-like observer has been proposed, which works in a two-step process (i.e. predict and update). If a BCN is reconstructible, then an accurate state estimate can be provided by the observer no later than the minimal reconstructibility index. For a wide range of applications the approach has been extended to enable design of unknown input observer, distributed observers and reduced-order observer. The performance of the observers has been evaluated thoroughly. Furthermore, methods for output tracking control and fault diagnosis of BCNs have been developed. Finally, the developed schemes are tested with numerical examples.
Antimicrobial Coatings and Modifications on Medical Devices
by Zheng Zhang Victoria E. WagnerBased on a fundamental understanding of the interaction between bacteria and materials, this timely volume emphasizes the latest research in the antimicrobial interfacial design and provides an invaluable blueprint for improving antimicrobial performance on devices and products. Antimicrobial Coatings and Modifications targets reduction of microbial accumulation on biomedical and industrial materials through changing interfacial characteristics. Applying a viable antimicrobial coating or modification to resist alarming threats is a highly demanding requirement for many medical and engineering applications. Many contemporary books in the area of antimicrobial solution focus on applying antimicrobial agents or materials that can kill bacteria. The volume pays more attention to eliminating bacterial contamination and biofilm formation through surface characteristics with minimized bacterial resistance and environmental impact.
Cognitive Aging and Brain Health (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology #1419)
by Zhanjun ZhangThis book reviews the research trends of cognitive aging and brain health from full-scale. It not only contains cognitive aging’s neurophysiological mechanism, clinical research and intervention measures, but also covers cognitive aging’s social psychological mechanism, such as the relation between old people’s motion, socioeconomic status and the cognitive aging. Through decades of research and practice, the views towards the cognitive aging process havebeen transferred from coping with cognitive decline to promoting cognitive ability. This book provides with the latest research findings and in-depth opinions of the cognitive aging and brain health, assisting researchers to grasp the theories, practice and trends of this field, and guide health-care workers to carry out the treatment and nursing for the aged.
Conductive Polymers: Electrical Interactions in Cell Biology and Medicine (Series in Materials Science and Engineering)
by Ze Zhang Mahmoud Rouabhia Simon E. MoultonThis book is dedicated to the field of conductive polymers, focusing on electrical interactions with biological systems. It addresses the use of conductive polymers as the conducting interface for electrical communications with the biological system, both in vitro and in vivo. It provides an overview on the chemistry and physics of conductive polymers, their useful characteristics as well as limitations, and technologies that apply conductive polymers for medical purposes. This groundbreaking resource addresses cytotoxicity and tissue compatibility of conductive polymers, the basics on electromagnetic fields, and commonly used experimental methods. Readers will also learn how cells are cultured in vitro with conductive polymers, and how conductive polymers and living tissues interact electrically. Throughout the contents, chapter authors emphasize the importance of conductive polymers in biomedical engineering and their potential applications in medicine.
Tuning Autophagy-Inducing Activity and Toxicity for Lanthanide Nanocrystals (Springer Theses)
by Yunjiao ZhangThis thesis presents a simple, yet highly effective surface engineering solution that uses non-covalent binding peptides to control the autophagy-inducing activity of nanomaterials and nanodevices. The author presents RE-1, a short synthetic peptide that sequence-specifically binds to lanthanide (LN) oxide and upconversion nanocrystals with high affinity, which was discovered using an innovative phage display approach. RE-1 effectively inhibits the autophagy-inducing activity and toxicity of these nanocrystals by forming a stable coating layer on the surface of the nanoparticles, and by reducing their sedimentation and cell interaction. RE- 1 and its variants provide a versatile tool for tuning cell interactions in order to achieve the desired level of autophagic response and are useful for the various diagnostic and therapeutic applications of LN-based nanomaterials and nanodevices.
Emerging Chemicals and Human Health
by Yunhui ZhangThis book mainly focuses on advances made over the past 10 years regarding the exposure, metabolism, transformation, toxicity, molecular mechanism and biomarkers for emerging chemicals in humans. A hot topic in the field of environmental health, the term “emerging chemicals” refers to a class of compounds that are frequently encountered and potentially harmful to the natural environment and human health. They are also the preferred target substances for future environmental control measures. The list of emerging chemicals includes pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs), endocrine disruptor chemicals (EDC), persistent organic pollutants (POPs), and nanomaterials. However, the environmental and health hazard characteristics of many emerging chemicals remain unclear. The aim of this book is to stimulate further research in new directions by providing novel and provocative insights into the exposure assessment of and potential mechanisms regarding emerging chemicals in humans. It also offers a state-of-the-art report on recent discoveries concerning emerging chemicals and where the field is headed.
International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics: Icbhi2015, Haikou, China, 8-10 October 2015 (IFMBE Proceedings #64)
by Yuan-Ting Zhang Paulo Carvalho Ratko Magjarevic<P><P>This volume presents the proceedings of the International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics (ICBHI). The conference was a new special topic conference and a common initiative by the International Federation of Medical and Biological Engineering (IFMBE) and IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (IEEE- EMBS). BHI2015 was held in Haikou, China, 8-10 October 2015. The main theme of the BHI2015 is “The Convergence: Integrating Information and Communication Technologies with Biomedicine for Global Health”. <P><P> The ICBHI2015 proceedings examine enabling technologies of sensors, devices and systems that optimize the acquisition, transmission, processing, storage, retrieval, use of biomedical and health information as well as to report novel clinical applications of health information systems and the deployment of m-Health, e-Health, u-Health, p-Health and Telemedicine.