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Adverse Childhood Experiences: The Neuroscience of Trauma, Resilience and Healing throughout the Life Course
by Kathleen Brewer-SmythThe entire world is in crisis with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and other lifetime trauma at an all-time high. This book is a valuable resource to promote optimal brain function for everyone, but especially for survivors of trauma who are particularly at risk throughout the life course. It is critical for healthcare providers, schoolteachers and administration, public safety professionals, foster and adoptive parents, employers and loved ones to understand the potential life-long consequences that ACEs can have in the lives of survivors. This book describes the complexities behind why behaviors occur if hurt people hurt themselves and others. The first half of this book addresses what can go wrong in the brain and body after trauma that potentially leads to life-long poor bio-behavioral health outcomes. The second half of this book addresses how the life-long poor bio-behavioral health outcomes can be prevented, mitigated or potentially reversed. This book is necessary for everyone who is interested in optimizing brain function, especially survivors of ACEs and other trauma throughout the life course who are at greater risk. The major focus of the book is on how to prevent long-term negative consequences of trauma and how to restore the brain, body, behavior and emotions.
Adverse Childhood Experiences: What Students and Health Professionals Need to Know
by Roberta Waite Ruth Ann RyanThis guide provides healthcare students and professionals with a foundational background on adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) – traumatic early life experiences, which can have a profound impact on health in later life. ACEs can include being a victim of abuse, neglect or exposure to risk in the home or community. How healthcare students and professionals learn to recognize, react and respond to persons affected by trauma will lay the foundation for their relationships with patients. This book intentionally uses micro-to-macro lenses accompanied by a structural competency framework to elucidate health implications across the lifespan. It explores the nature of adversity and its effects on the physical, emotional, cognitive and social health of individuals, communities and society. The book, written by two experienced psychiatric nurses, will equip healthcare students and professionals with an understanding for critical change in practice and offer action steps designed to assist them with prevention and intervention approaches and steps to help build resilience. This book will be core reading for healthcare students within mental health, pediatric and primary care nursing courses. It will also be of interest to students and professionals in the social work, psychology and public health fields who are exploring resilience and trauma-informed practices
Adventures of a Female Medical Detective: In Pursuit of Smallpox and AIDS
by Mary Guinan Anne D. Mather"A rip-roaring read."—NatureFresh out of college in the 1960s, Mary Guinan aspired to be an astronaut—until she learned that NASA's astronaut program wasn't recruiting women. Instead, Guinan went to medical school and became a disease detective with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Epidemic Intelligence Service. Selected to join India's Smallpox Eradication program, Guinan traveled to remote villages to isolate smallpox cases and then vaccinate all uninfected persons within a ten-mile radius. By May 1975, the World Health Organization declared Uttar Pradesh smallpox-free.During her barrier-breaking career, Dr. Guinan met arms-seeking Afghan insurgents in Pakistan and got caught in the crossfire between religious groups in Lebanon. She was one of the first medical detectives on the ground in San Francisco at the start of the AIDS crisis. And she served as an expert witness in a landmark decision that still protects HIV patients from workplace discrimination. Randy Shilts's best-selling book on the epidemic, And the Band Played On, features her AIDS work, as does the HBO movie of the same name.In Adventures of a Female Medical Detective, Guinan weaves together twelve vivid stories of her life in medicine, describing her individual experiences in controlling outbreaks, researching new diseases, and caring for patients the world over. Occasionally heartbreaking, sometimes hilarious, Guinan's account of her pathbreaking career will inspire public health students and future medical detectives—and give all readers insight into that part of the government exclusively devoted to protecting their health.
Adventures in Senior Living: Learning How to Make Retirement Meaningful and Enjoyable
by Harold G Koenig J Lawrence DriskillIf retirement is approaching or you've recently retired, Adventures in Senior Living can help you prepare for the opportunities, needs, problems, and challenges that retirement often brings. Through 31 lively and interesting interviews, you learn how other people have found positive and rewarding ways to make their retirement years meaningful and enjoyable. Opening windows into their own lives, these inspiring retirees share with you a wide range of retirement ideas that pertain to volunteer work, travel, selecting your living arrangements, and getting involved in your community.Retirement doesn't have to bring feelings of boredom or restlessness. Adventures in Senior Living shows you that your retirement years can be your most fulfilling, productive, and fun years. You'll have more time to work in that garden you love, make quilts with your friends, spend time with your loved ones, and get exercise. But, possibly even more important than that, you'll have the ability to participate in your community on an entirely new level and to make a difference in other people's lives as well as your own. The life-loving, generous people who come together in this wonderful book are sure to inspire you as they speak about their accomplishments that include: recording books on tape for blind people conducting missionary work at home and abroad brightening the lives of patients in nursing homes and hospitals teaching Sunday school caring for a spouse with Alzheimer's delivering meals on wheels to shut-in people establishing a battered women's shelter rescuing prostitutes from the streetThis book presents retirees, teachers of courses in aging and retirement, activity directors at retirement and nursing homes, family members, and health and mental health care providers with many stories of extraordinary volunteerism, service, and kindness, but it also talks about the needs of retirees and their daily, more personal experiences. To this end, Adventures in Senior Living discusses the importance of continuing study, discussion, meditation, prayer, and fitness in the lives of seniors.
Adventures in Human Being: A Grand Tour from the Cranium to the Calcaneum
by Gavin FrancisWe assume we know our bodies intimately, but for many of us they remain uncharted territory, an enigma of bone and muscle, neurons and synapses. How many of us understand the way seizures affect the brain, how the heart is connected to well-being, or the why the foot holds the key to our humanity? In Adventures in Human Being, award-winning author Gavin Francis leads readers on a journey into the hidden pathways of the human body, offering a guide to its inner workings and a celebration of its marvels.Drawing on his experiences as a surgeon, ER specialist, and family physician, Francis blends stories from the clinic with episodes from medical history, philosophy, and literature to describe the body in sickness and in health, in life and in death. When assessing a young woman with paralysis of the face, Francis reflects on the age-old difficulty artists have had in capturing human expression. A veteran of the war in Iraq suffers a shoulder injury that Homer first described three millennia ago in the Iliad. And when a gardener pricks her finger on a dirty rose thorn, her case of bacterial blood poisoning brings to mind the comatose sleeping beauties in the fairy tales we learn as children.At its heart, Adventures in Human Being is a meditation on what it means to be human. Poetic, eloquent, and profoundly perceptive, this book will transform the way you view your body.
Adventures in Food and Nutrition!
by Carol Byrd-BredbennerAdventures in Food and Nutrition! is designed to help you explore the exciting world of food and nutrition. You will explore beyond familiar foods and preparation methods. A multicultural, multiethnic emphasis will encourage you to try new foods.
Adventures in Food and Nutrition!
by Carol Byrd-BredbennerIntroduce your students to food and nutrition with Adventures in Food and Nutrition! Packed with student appeal, this full-color text generates student interest with action photos, interesting activities, and real-world experiments. The text encourages students to develop scientific and inquiry skills as they learn about nutrition, food management, and preparation. The text is written at a lower level for younger students or beginning level classes. -- Multicultural focus, reflecting foods from a cross section of diverse backgrounds. -- Math and science applications and activities are provided throughout the text and in special-interest features. -- Involves students in the science and creativity of preparing meals and snacks. -- Chapters include Objectives, New Terms, Review Questions, Application Questions, Activities, and a Summary.
Adventure and Extreme Sports Injuries: Epidemiology, Treatment, Rehabilitation and Prevention
by Mike Carmont Omer Mei-DanAdventure and extreme sports are increasing in popularity and it is not surprising that commercial adventure tourism and the accompanying life style and fashion, have become increasingly important to world economy. These unique sports involve not only major physical endurance and mental challenges but interaction and bonding with nature. They also tend to attract and excite audiences, both at the event and in the media. They are exciting to watch and redraw the boundaries of human achievement with the accompanying risks of injury and death. Adventure sports are usually performed in beautiful, exciting and remote locations or in extreme environments far away from medical assistance. Extreme sports usually involve an element of increased risk. These risks are highlighted by the media, usually after a reported accident or fatality but may vary according to the involvement of the participant; the weekend recreational adventure sports athlete or the experienced professional. A wide variety of sports fall into the category of adventure and extreme sports and with an increasing number of disciplines, this field is ever expanding. Sports are performed in contact with the "ground"; mountain running and biking, rock climbing, ice climbing and mountaineering. In the air: skydiving and base jumping. On water: surfing, white water kayaking and rafting, board sailing and diving. And also involve mechanical vehicles and animals! Some sports may be performed as a combination of few disciplines, such as water and air, e.g. kite surfing, and as so involve very unique mechanisms of injury. Sports events can also be merged to form a multi-sport race comprising many disciplines lastly from single to multi day races. Sports may involve competition with others, against the environment or with oneself, frequently the most ferocious adversary. Adventure sports are becoming increasingly popular in the general public and a few take these sports to an extreme level with the accompanying risks. Those that do, bring such time and dedication that they become professional in terms of training, preparation and finance. More and more people are enjoying adventure sports and unfortunately increased numbers are becoming injured as a result. Future research is progressing alongside the sport development, to allow the sport mechanisms, injury patterns and predisposing factors to be better understood. It is the hope of all researchers to make the sports safer without detracting from their adventurous nature. The aim and scope of our book would be to bring the sports medicine involved ineach of these sports into one volume. We would explain each sport including subtle similarities and differences, the common injury mechanisms, patterns of injury and treatment options. Additional chapters would include the mental characteristics of adventure racers and extreme sports athletes, together with the complexities of competing in hot and cold extreme environments. The book will present chapters focussing on the sports listed below, concentrating on published literature and newly formed studies by experts in the fields of injury epidemiology, prevention, management and rehabilitation.
Advancing Your Career: Concepts of Professional Nursing
by Rose Kearney NunneryAdvance your career to the next level of professional practice! <p><p> Here are all the concepts and theories practicing RNs need to continue their education and reach the next level of professional practice. You’ll find in-depth coverage of the critical components of professional nursing practice, including effective communication, professional ethics, leadership, group theory, teaching/learning, and multicultural issues. <p><p> Explore the challenges and issues that are changing the field of nursing. Then, apply them to the situations you encounter in practice today . . . and to the challenges you’ll encounter tomorrow.
Advancing Women's Health Through Medical Education: A Systems Approach in Family Planning and Abortion
by Uta Landy Philip D. Darney Jody SteinauerNeither legalization of abortion nor scientific and political advances in contraception and abortion ensure that training and research in family planning are routinely integrated into medical education. Without integration, subsequent generations of healthcare professionals are not prepared to incorporate evidence-based family planning into their practices, teaching, or research. Omission of this crucial component prevents the cultural and professional normalization of an often stigmatized and embattled aspect of women's health. Taking the successful US-based Ryan and Family Planning Fellowship programs as templates for training, teaching, and academic leadership, this book describes the integration of family planning and pregnancy termination into curricula with an international outlook. With an evidence- and systems-based approach, the book is a unique and practical guide to inspire and train the next generation of healthcare professionals.
Advancing the Science of Cancer in Latinos
by Amelie G. Ramirez Edward J. TrapidoThis open access book gives an overview of the sessions, panel discussions, and outcomes of the Advancing the Science of Cancer in Latinos conference, held in February 2018 in San Antonio, Texas, USA, and hosted by the Mays Cancer Center and the Institute for Health Promotion Research at UT Health San Antonio. Latinos – the largest, youngest, and fastest-growing minority group in the United States – are expected to face a 142% rise in cancer cases in coming years. Although there has been substantial advancement in cancer prevention, screening, diagnosis, and treatment over the past few decades, addressing Latino cancer health disparities has not nearly kept pace with progress. The diverse and dynamic group of speakers and panelists brought together at the Advancing the Science of Cancer in Latinos conference provided in-depth insights as well as progress and actionable goals for Latino-focused basic science research, clinical best practices, community interventions, and what can be done by way of prevention, screening, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer in Latinos. These insights have been translated into the chapters included in this compendium; the chapters summarize the presentations and include current knowledge in the specific topic areas, identified gaps, and top priority areas for future cancer research in Latinos. Topics included among the chapters: Colorectal cancer disparities in Latinos: Genes vs. EnvironmentBreast cancer risk and mortality in women of Latin American originDifferential cancer risk in Latinos: The role of dietOvercoming barriers for Latinos on cancer clinical trialsEs tiempo: Engaging Latinas in cervical cancer researchEmerging policies in U.S. health care Advancing the Science of Cancer in Latinos proves to be an indispensable resource offering key insights into actionable targets for basic science research, suggestions for clinical best practices and community interventions, and novel strategies and advocacy opportunities to reduce health disparities in Latino communities. It will find an engaged audience among researchers, academics, physicians and other healthcare professionals, patient advocates, students, and others with an interest in the broad field of Latino cancer.
Advancing the Science of Cancer in Latinos: Building Collaboration for Action
by Amelie G. Ramirez Edward J. TrapidoThis open access book is a collection of articles based on presentations from the 2020 Advancing the Science of Cancer in Latinos conference that gives an overview of conference outcomes. The vision of the conference has been to unite researchers, scientists, physicians and other healthcare professionals, patient advocates, and students from across the world to discuss research advancements, identify gaps, and develop actionable goals to translate basic research findings into clinical best practices, effective community interventions, and professional training programs to decrease cancer risks and eliminate cancer disparities for Latinos. This conference comes at an especially important time when Latinos – the largest and youngest minority group in the U.S. – are expected to face a 142% rise in cancer cases in the coming years. Disparities continue to impact this population in critical areas: access to preventive and clinical care, changeable risk behaviors, quality of life, and mortality. Each chapter summarizes the presentation and includes current knowledge in the specific topic areas, identified gaps, and opportunities for future research. Topics explored include: Applying an Exposome-Wide (ExWAS) Approach to Latino Cancer DisparitiesSupportive Care Needs and Coping Strategies Used by Latino Men Cancer SurvivorsOptimizing Engagement of the Latino Community in Cancer ResearchLatino Population Growth and the Changing Demography of CancerImplementation Science to Enhance the Value of Cancer Research in Latinos A Strength-Based Approach to Cancer Prevention in LatinxsOvercoming Clinical Research Disparities by Advancing Inclusive Research Advancing the Science of Cancer in Latinos: Building Collaboration for Action will appeal to a wide readership due to its comprehensive coverage of topics ranging from basic science and community prevention research to clinical practice to policy. The book is an essential resource for physicians and other medical professionals, researchers, scientists, academicians, patient advocates, and students. It also will appeal to policy-makers, NCI-designated cancer centers, academic centers, state health departments, and community organizations.
Advancing Surgical Education: Theory, Evidence and Practice (Innovation and Change in Professional Education #17)
by Debra Nestel Kirsten Dalrymple John T. Paige Rajesh AggarwalThis book is designed for anyone involved in surgical education. While it is intended as a core reference for surgeons who want to develop their surgical education knowledge and practice, it also a valuable resource for anyone undertaking a higher degree in health professions education. Divided into five parts, it starts with chapters on foundational knowledge, exploring the past before documenting the current state of surgical education and highlighting various educational leadership and governance topics. The second part examines a range of theories that inform surgical education – cognitive, behavioural and social, while the third part offers practical guidance on elements of surgical education – curriculum design, selection, feedback, assessment, evaluation, simulation and managing trainee underperformance. It also includes chapters on supporting the development of psychomotor skills, operative skills in theatre, professionalism, teamwork and patient safety. The next part shifts the focus to research in surgical education, introducing readers to all phases of conducting education research based on qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods paradigms. The final part looks to the future of surgical education and of surgical educators. Assembling these topics in one volume makes this book invaluable to anyone involved in surgical education.
Advancing Sports and Exercise via Innovation: Proceedings of the 9th Asian South Pacific Association of Sport Psychology International Congress (ASPASP) 2022, Kuching, Malaysia (Lecture Notes in Bioengineering)
by Garry Kuan Yu-Kai Chang Tony Morris Teo Eng Wah Rabiu Muazu Musa Anwar P. P. Abdul MajeedThis book presents the proceedings of the 9th Asian South Pacific Association of Sport Psychology International Congress (ASPASP) 2022, Kuching, Malaysia, which entails the different sporting innovation themes, namely, Applied Sport and Social Psychology, Health and Exercise, Motor Control and Learning, Counselling and Clinical Psychology, Biomechanics, Data Mining and Machine Learning in Sports amongst others. It presents the state-of-the-art technological advancements towards the aforesaid themes and provides a platform to shape the future direction of sport science, specifically in the field sports and exercise psychology.
Advancing Social Work Practice in the Health Care Field: Emerging Issues and New Perspectives
by Gary Rosenberg Helen Rehr, DswCommemorating the 75th anniversary of the Department of Social Work at the Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York City, this innovative and exciting book traces the growth of the social work mission and the development of vanguard social work programs at Mount Sinai. Leading social work educators and practitioners look at where the profession is today and speculate on where it might be going. Each article is new and original to this book, and each contributor is a distinguished representative from his specialty in the field. Advancing Social Work Practice in the Health Care Field, with its wealth of historical, practical, and theoretical information, reflects today’s state of the art in selected areas and should serve as an information source not only for practitioners and administrators, but also for educators who are committed to enhancing the social work services and the quality of social health care.
Advancing Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights in Africa: Constraints and Opportunities (ISSN)
by Ebenezer Durojaye Gladys Mirugi-Mukundi Charles NgwenaThis book explores recent developments, constraints and opportunities relating to the advancement of sexual and reproductive health and rights in Africa.Despite many positive developments in relation to sexual and reproductive health in recent years, many Africans still encounter challenges, for instance in poor maternity services, living with HIV, and discrimination on the basis of age, gender, sexual orientation or identity. Covering topics such as abortion, gender identity, adolescent sexuality and homosexuality, the chapters in this book discuss the impact of culture, morality and social beliefs on the enjoyment of sexual and reproductive health and rights across the continent, particularly in relation to vulnerable and marginalized groups. The book also explores the role of litigation, national human rights institutions and regional human rights bodies in advancing the realization of sexual and reproductive health and rights in the region. Throughout, the contributions highlight the relevance of a rights-based framework in addressing topical and contentious issues on sexual and reproductive health and rights within Sub-Saharan Africa.This book will be of interest to researchers of sexuality, civil rights and health in Africa.The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9781003175049, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.
Advancing Regulatory Science for Medical Countermeasure Development
by The National Academy of SciencesWhether or not the United States has safe and effective medical countermeasures--such as vaccines, drugs, and diagnostic tools--available for use during a disaster can mean the difference between life and death for many Americans. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the scientific community at large could benefit from improved scientific tools and analytic techniques to undertake the complex scientific evaluation and decision making needed to make essential medical countermeasures available. At the request of FDA, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) held a workshop to examine methods to improve the development, evaluation, approval, and regulation of medical countermeasures. During public health emergencies such as influenza or chemical, biological, radiological/nuclear (CBRN) attacks, safe and effective vaccines, treatments, and other medical countermeasures are essential to protecting national security and the well being of the public. Advancing Regulatory Science for Medical Countermeasure Developmentexamines current medical countermeasures, and investigates the future of research and development in this area. Convened on March 29-30, 2011, this workshop identified regulatory science tools and methods that are available or under development, as well as major gaps in currently available regulatory science tools. Advancing Regulatory Science for Medical Countermeasure Developmentis a valuable resource for federal agencies including the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), the Department of Defense (DoD), as well as health professionals, and public and private health organizations.
Advancing Quality Improvement Research: Challenges And Opportunities
by Institute of Medicine of the National AcademiesThe National Academies Press (NAP)--publisher for the National Academies--publishes more than 200 books a year offering the most authoritative views, definitive information, and groundbreaking recommendations on a wide range of topics in science, engineering, and health. Our books are unique in that they are authored by the nation's leading experts in every scientific field.
Advancing Professional Development through CPE in Public Health (Global Science Education)
by Yashwant V. Pathak Ira NurmalaThe education division is a prominent part of the public health profession. It focuses on educating individuals and communities to promote health and prevent disease. The educators are drawn from a diverse range of disciplines and defined as professionally prepared individuals who serve in a variety of roles using appropriate educational strategies and methods to facilitate the development of policies, procedures, interventions, and systems conducive to the health of individuals.This unique volume in the Global Science Education Series describes some of the challenges faced by this profession in helping the audience to understand public health and solve health issues. Key Features: Aids researchers in designing an evaluation study in CPE for health professions and related fields Presents data on how public health practice comprises of individuals working together toward promoting population health Covers continuing professional education in the US and how it can be adopted globally Discusses the Kirkpatrick’s four-level evaluation model at length Demonstrates how questionnaires are preferable in evaluating CPE programs due to their cost effectiveness and being user friendly
Advancing Prion Science: Guidance for the National Prion Research Program
by Committee on Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies: Assessment of Relevant ScienceReport on Advancing Prion Science
Advancing Oral Health in America
by Committee on an Oral Health InitiativeThough it is highly preventable, tooth decay is a common chronic disease both in the United States and worldwide. Evidence shows that decay and other oral diseases may be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. However, individuals and many health care professionals remain unaware of the risk factors and preventive approaches for many oral diseases. They do not fully appreciate how oral health affects overall health and well-being. In Advancing Oral Health in America, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) highlights the vital role that the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) can play in improving oral health and oral health care in the United States. The IOM recommends that HHS design an oral health initiative which has clearly articulated goals, is coordinated effectively, adequately funded and has high-level accountability. In addition, the IOM stresses three key areas needed for successfully maintaining oral health as a priority issue: strong leadership, sustained interest, and the involvement of multiple stakeholders from both the public and private sectors. Advancing Oral Health in America provides practical recommendations that the Department of Health and Human Services can use to improve oral health care in America. The report will serve as a vital resource for federal health agencies, health care professionals, policy makers, researchers, and public and private health organizations.
Advancing Occupational Therapy in Mental Health Practice
by Elizabeth McKay Christine Craik Kee Hean Lim Gabrielle RichardsAdvancing Occupational Therapy in Mental Health Practice looks at the contribution that occupational therapists make to the lives of clients living with mental illness. It examines current practice developments and the innovative research that is shaping occupational therapy within the mental health arena, nationally and internationally. The book employs a distinctive and engaging narrative approach, bringing to life key issues in practice and research. It introduces the reader to the mental health context, opening with a historical overview and then exploration of the current developments in occupational therapy before moving on to discuss the cultural context and the need for cultural sensitivity in practice. Service users and expert clinicians offer their narratives, through which the clinical utility and cultural appropriateness of existing occupational therapy concepts, assessments and outcome measures are discussed and the associated implications for practice highlighted. Advancing Occupational Therapy in Mental Health Practice introduces and explores a variety of specialised work contexts from practicing in acute inpatient settings to crisis intervention, home treatment, forensic mental health settings and the specialist role of occupational therapy in community mental health and social services. Chapters are enriched with case stories, personal narratives and guided reflection.
Advancing Nursing Practice: Exploring Roles and Opportunities for Clinicians, Educators, and Leaders
by Carolyn Hart Pegge BellAdvancing Nursing Practice: Exploring Roles and Opportunities for Clinicians, Educators, and Leaders helps your students understand how to apply classroom knowledge to eventual professional practice as a CRNA, CNM, CNS, or NP/DNP, or in a faculty or administrative position. With the book’s succinct, conversational style, you can easily focus their attention on the core competencies, practices, leadership styles, and other essential topics. This brand-new volume features interviews with advanced practice nurses in active practice in the book as well as videos available online.
Advancing Nuclear Medicine Through Innovation
by National Research Council Institute of Medicine of the National AcademiesNearly 20 million nuclear medicine procedures are carried out each year in the United States alone to diagnose and treat cancers cardiovascular disease and certain neurological disorders. Many of the advancements in nuclear medicine have been the result of research investments made during the past 50 years where these procedures are now a routine part of clinical care. Although nuclear medicine plays an important role in biomedical research and disease management its promise is only beginning to be realized. Advancing Nuclear Medicine Through Innovation highlights the exciting emerging opportunities in nuclear medicine which include assessing the efficacy of new drugs in development individualizing treatment to the patient and understanding the biology of human diseases. Health care and pharmaceutical professionals will be most interested in this book's examination of the challenges the field faces and its recommendations for ways to reduce these impediments.
Advancing The Nation's Health Needs
by Committee for Monitoring the Nation's Changing Needs for Biomedical Behavioral Clinical PersonnelThe National Institutes of Health’s role in supporting research has long been recognized as a major factor in advancing the health needs in the nation and the world. The National Research Council was charged with the responsibility of periodically assessing the National Institutes of Health’s National Research Service Awards program, thus this book is the twelfth edition in the series. While the National Research Service Awards program now supports only a fraction of the training in the biomedical, clinical, behavioral, and social sciences, it sets a high standard for the training in all doctoral programs in these fields. Also included are the training needs of oral health, nursing, and health services research. This book has been broadly constructed to take into account the rapidly evolving national and international health care needs. The past and present are analyzed and predictions with regard to future needs are presented.