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Erblichkeit der Intelligenz: Eine Klarstellung aus biologischer Sicht (essentials)

Ist Intelligenz erblich? Karl-Friedrich Fischbach und Martin Niggeschmidt zeigen, dass „Erblichkeit“ in der biologischen Fachsprache etwas anderes bedeutet als in der Alltagssprache – was fast zwangsläufig zu Fehlinterpretationen führt. Die 2. Auflage dieses essentials wurde um Kapitel zur Aussagekraft von Zwillingsstudien und genomweiten Assoziationsstudien über IQ-Unterschiede erweitert. Wer sich die Logik der Modelle und Methoden vergegenwärtigt, stellt fest: Intelligenz als „erblich“ zu bezeichnen, ist unpräzise und irreführend. Die Autoren:Prof. Dr. Karl-Friedrich Fischbach ist Entwicklungsbiologe und Neurogenetiker. Er war von 1985 bis 2013 Professor für Biophysik und Molekularbiologie an der Universität Freiburg, davon zwei Jahre lang als geschäftsführender Direktor des Instituts für Biologie III.Martin Niggeschmidt ist Redakteur in Hamburg.Stimmen zur 1. Auflage:„... Das zugänglich geschriebene Werk erklärt faktenbasiert und anhand zahlreicher Abbildungen den komplexen Stoff, um so Missverständnisse, aber auch bewusste Falschaussagen aufzudecken.” (Arne Baudach, in: Spektrum der Wissenschaft)„... wirklich lohnenswert, ja verdienstvoll ...“ (Joachim Müller-Jung, in: Planckton, Frankfurter Allgemeine Blogs)

Heritability of Intelligence: A Clarification From a Biological Point of View (essentials)

Is intelligence heritable? Karl-Friedrich Fischbach and Martin Niggeschmidt show that "heritability" means something different in biological terminology than in everyday language - which almost inevitably leads to misinterpretations. They explain why twin studies are controversial - and why genetic predictions of IQ and "educational attainment" must be treated with skepticism. This book is a translation of the original German 2nd edition Erblichkeit der Intelligenz by Karl-Friedrich Fischbach & Martin Niggeschmidt, published by Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, part of Springer Nature in 2019. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content, so that the book will read stylistically differently from a conventional translation. Springer Nature works continuously to further the development of tools for the production of books and on the related technologies to support the authors.The Authors:Prof. Dr. Karl-Friedrich Fischbach is a developmental biologist and neurogeneticist. He was professor of biophysics and molecular biology at the University of Freiburg from 1985 to 2013, including two years as executive director of the Institute of Biology III. Martin Niggeschmidt is an editor in Hamburg.

Children's Learning From Educational Television: Sesame Street and Beyond

At its best, educational television can provide children with enormous opportunities and can serve as a window to new experiences, enrich academic knowledge, enhance attitudes and motivation, and nurture social skills. This volume documents the impact of educational television in a variety of subject areas and proposes mechanisms to explain its effects. Drawing from a wide variety of research spanning several disciplines, author Shalom M. Fisch analyzes the literature on the impact of educational resources. He focuses on television programs designed for children rather than for adults, although adult literature is included when it is particularly relevant. In addition, much of the discussion concerns the effects of unaided viewing by children, rather than viewing in the context of adult-led follow-up activities. The role of parent-child co-viewing and issues relevant to the use of television in school or child care also receives consideration. This volume is intended to make the disparate literature on educational television's impact more accessible, by bringing it together into a centralized resource. To that end, the volume draws together empirical data on the impact of educational television programs--both academic and prosocial--on children's knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behavior. In addition to its emphasis on positive effects, this volume addresses a gap in the existing research literature regarding children's learning from exposure to educational television. Acknowledging that little theoretical work has been done to explain why or how these effects occur, Fisch takes a step toward correcting this situation by proposing theoretical models to explore aspects of the mental processing that underlies children's learning from educational television. With its unique perspective on children's educational television and comprehensive approach to studying the topic, this volume is required reading for scholars, researchers, and students working in the area of children and television. It offers crucial insights to scholars in developmental psychology, family studies, educational psychology, and related areas.

Coparticipant Psychoanalysis: Toward a New Theory of Clinical Inquiry

Traditionally, two clinical models have been dominant in psychoanalysis: the classical paradigm, which views the analyst as an objective mirror, and the participant-observation paradigm, which views the analyst as an intersubjective participant-observer. According to John Fiscalini, an evolutionary shift in psychoanalytic consciousness has been taking place, giving rise to coparticipant inquiry, a third paradigm that represents a dramatic shift in analytic clinical theory and that has profound clinical implications.Coparticipant inquiry integrates the individualistic focus of the classical tradition and the social focus of the participant-observer perspective. It is marked by a radical emphasis on analysts' and patients' analytic equality, emotional reciprocity, psychic symmetry, and relational mutuality. Unlike the previous two paradigms, coparticipant inquiry suggests that we are all inherently communal beings and, yet, are simultaneously innately self-fulfilling, unique individuals. The book looks closely at the therapeutic dialectics of the personal and interpersonal selves and discusses narcissism—the perversion of the self—within its clinical role as the neurosis that contextualizes all other neuroses. Thus the goal of this book is to define coparticipant inquiry; articulate its major principles; analyze its implications for a theory of the self and the treatment of narcissism; and discuss the therapeutic potential of the coparticipant field and the coparticipant nature of transference, resistance, therapeutic action, and analytic vitality. Fiscalini explores "analytic space," which marks the psychic limit of coparticipant activity; the "living through process," which, he suggests, subtends all analytic change; and "openness to singularity," which is essential to analytic vitality.Coparticipant Psychoanalysis brings crucial insights to clinical theory and practice and is an invaluable resource for psychoanalysts and therapists, as well as students and practitioners of psychology, psychiatry, and social work.

Coparticipant Psychoanalysis: Toward a New Theory of Clinical Inquiry

Traditionally, two clinical models have been dominant in psychoanalysis: the classical paradigm, which views the analyst as an objective mirror, and the participant-observation paradigm, which views the analyst as an intersubjective participant-observer. Coparticipant inquiry emphasizes analysts' and patients' analytic equality, emotional reciprocity, psychic symmetry, and relational mutuality, suggesting that we are all inherently communal beings yet are simultaneously self-fulfilling, unique individuals. In this book, practicing psychoanalyst John Fiscalini defines coparticipant inquiry; articulates its major principles; analyzes its implications for a theory of the self and the treatment of narcissism; and discusses the therapeutic potential of the coparticipant field and the coparticipant nature of transference, resistance, therapeutic action, and analytic vitality. He lays out the therapeutic dialectics of the personal and interpersonal selves and discusses narcissism within its clinical role as the neurosis that contextualizes all other neuroses.

Anxiety in Preschool Children: Assessment, Treatment, and Prevention

Anxiety in Preschool Children provides a comprehensive, integrated, and scientifically current resource for both clinicians and researchers who work with or encounter anxiety in preschool-aged children. With a focus on organizing and consolidating the most current research, this informative new volume offers an assortment of practical interventions and evidence-based strategies for assessment, treatment, and prevention that are tailored to preschool-aged children. This groundbreaking volume will prove to be an invaluable resource for anyone working with this unique patient population, from parents to practitioners.

Homo emoticus: La historia de la Humanidad contada a través de las emociones

La historia humana contada desde las emociones. A los humanos nos gusta pensar en nosotros mismos como criaturas racionales. Sin embargo, algunos de los momentos más excepcionales de la historia no tratan de acontecimientos sino de sentimientos: los orígenes de la filosofía, el nacimiento del cristianismo, la caída de Roma, la Revolución científica o los grandes conflictos bélicos del siglo XX no pueden entenderse sin las emociones. Gracias a sus sólidos conocimientos en psicología, neurociencia, arte, filosofía y religión, Richard Firth-Godbehere hilvana un fascinante recorrido por la historia de la humanidad desde una perspectiva absolutamente original, un relato que explica cómo las emociones han modelado el mundo en el que vivimos con toda su complejidad, maravilla y diversidad. La crítica ha dicho...«Una mirada fascinante al papel de las emociones humanas en la forja de la historia y la cultura universales.»Gina Rippon, autora de El género y nuestros cerebros «Las emociones son una parte mucho más importante de la experiencia del ser humano de lo que la mayoría de la gente cree. Si quieres saber más sobre las emociones y cómo hemos llegado a entenderlas, este libro es exactamente lo que necesitas.»Dean Burnett, autor de El cerebro feliz «Tanto si buscas nuevas ideas, como historia narrativa, teoría psicológica o antropología cultural, este libro te enseñará algo nuevo sobre cómo la gente ha sentido a través de los tiempos. Un libro como ningún otro.»Thomas Dixon, autor de Weeping Britannia: Portrait of a Nation in Tears

A Human History of Emotion: How the Way We Feel Built the World We Know

A sweeping exploration of the ways in which emotions shaped the course of human history, and how our experience and understanding of emotions have evolved along with us. "Eye-opening and thought-provoking!&” (Gina Rippon, author of The Gendered Brain) We humans like to think of ourselves as rational creatures, who, as a species, have relied on calculation and intellect to survive. But many of the most important moments in our history had little to do with cold, hard facts and a lot to do with feelings. Events ranging from the origins of philosophy to the birth of the world&’s major religions, the fall of Rome, the Scientific Revolution, and some of the bloodiest wars that humanity has ever experienced can&’t be properly understood without understanding emotions.Drawing on psychology, neuroscience, philosophy, art, and religious history, Richard Firth-Godbehere takes readers on a fascinating and wide ranging tour of the central and often under-appreciated role emotions have played in human societies around the world and throughout history—from Ancient Greece to Gambia, Japan, the Ottoman Empire, the United States, and beyond. A Human History of Emotion vividly illustrates how our understanding and experience of emotions has changed over time, and how our beliefs about feelings—and our feelings themselves—profoundly shaped us and the world we inhabit.

Revival: (aziloth Books) (Routledge Revivals)

This book is one of the shortest and clearest of the many popular books upon modern psychology which have been published. The beginner would find this book, with its clear explanations of technical terms, a useful companion to more advanced treatises.

Love, Loyalty and Deceit: Rosemary Firth, a Life in the Shadow of Two Eminent Men

How much do we really know about our parents’ lives? What secrets lie in plain sight? This is the true story of hidden love within a small circle of some of the most acclaimed anthropologists of the 20th century. Told by Rosemary and Raymond Firth's son, and the daughter of Celia and Edmund Leach, the man Rosemary loved all her life, this part love-story, part biography, part social history is the tale of a highly influential circle of social anthropologists in Britain from the 1930s, through the Second World War, to the end of the century. The book explores their early influences, their insecurities, their flaws, struggles and achievements. It is a story of passion and commitment, but also of deceit and betrayal, including the inexplicable disappearance, death and alleged murder of a very close friend. It also narrates Rosemary's struggles for emotional and intellectual independence in the face of societal expectations of women and her own guilt, loss and self-doubt. From the Prologue: Rosemary loved many people in many different ways, but she loved two men in particular throughout most of her life. One was her husband, Raymond Firth, regarded by some as among the founding fathers of social anthropology. Yet she also retained a passionate devotion to her first love, Edmund Leach, who would subsequently become the public intellectual face of social anthropology in the later 1960s. Both separately and together they were part of the process of defining the nature of this still growing discipline in the first part of the mid-twentieth century.

Clinical Guide to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Mental Disorders

Two key challenges face mental health practitioners: making the correct psychiatric diagnosis and choosing the most appropriate treatment option. This book aims to help with both.Clinical Guide to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Mental Disorders - Second Edition combines clinically-relevant information about each of theDSM-IV-TR diagnoses with clear, detailed information on treatment options, giving full clinical management advice. Once again, the editors, both leading psychiatrists, have condensed the chapters on Disorders from Tasman et al's acclaimed two volume textbook of Psychiatry (now in its Third Edition), retaining only the content they deem particularly relevant to the clinician for ease of use.Each disorder is discussed under the headings of Diagnosis (including Assessment Issues, Comorbidity, Course, and Differential Diagnosis, giving diagnostic decision trees where relevant) and Treatment (listing all therapeutic options, giving practical advice for patient management, summarising treatment specifics with tables and treatment flowcharts).The original edition established itself as the first point of reference for any clinician or mental health practitioner needing expert advice on therapeutic options for any psychiatric disorder. This edition features an additional chapter on the psychiatric interview and assessment of mental status to increase its utility.It echoes the progress in psychiatry regarding the establishment of an evidenced-based model of taxonomy, diagnosis, etiology, and treatment. Indeed, from a psychologist's perspective, the equal consideration provided to empirically supported psychosocial treatments versus somatic treatment is a significant development in the field of psychiatry.Jonathan Weinand in PsycCritiques, the American Psychological Association Review of Books

SCID-I Administration Booklet: Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders. Clinician Version

The Administration Booklet contains interview questions and DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. It is designed to be used with the Scoresheet during a 45- to 90-minute session and is tabbed to help the clinician move from one section to another.

Psychiatry, 2 Volume Set: Self-assessment And Review (National Medical Ser.)

Now in a new Fourth Edition, Psychiatry remains the leading reference on all aspects of the current practice and latest developments in psychiatry.From an international team of recognised expert editors and contributors, Psychiatry provides a truly comprehensive overview of the entire field of psychiatry in 132 chapters across two volumes. It includes two new sections, on psychosomatic medicine and collaborative care, and on emergency psychiatry, and compares Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5) and International Classification of Diseases (ICD10) classifications for every psychiatric disorder.Psychiatry, Fourth Edition is an essential reference for psychiatrists in clinical practice and clinical research, residents in training, and for all those involved in the treatment psychiatric disorders.

DSM-5 Handbook of Differential Diagnosis

This Handbook of Differential Diagnosis helps clinicians and students improve their skill in formulating a comprehensive differential diagnosis by including the DSM-5 classification and providing a variety of approaches, including a six-step diagnostic framework, 29 bottom-up "decision trees," and 66 differential diagnosis tables.

Abuse Between Young People: A Contextual Account

Awareness of peer-on-peer abuse is on the rise and is a matter of increasing international concern. Abuse Between Young People: A Contextual Account is the first book to offer a contextualised narrative of peer-on-peer abuse that moves beyond recognising an association between environments and individual choice, and illustrates the ways in which such interplay occurs. Using both sociological and feminist perspectives, Firmin reshapes the way that peer-on-peer abuse is perceived and investigates the effect of gendered social context on the nature of abuse between young people. This text also uses an in-depth case study to explore associations between abusive incidents and young people’s homes, peer groups, schools and neighbourhoods, in addition to broader societal influences such as pornography and politics. National and international policies are woven into each chapter, along with insights from parenting programmes, the troubled families’ agenda, and bullying and community safety policies. Abuse Between Young People presents a clear insight into the various contexts that affect the nature of peer-on-peer abuse, providing a thorough analysis into the debates on this issue. In so doing, Firmin creates a vital contextual approach to safeguarding young people affected by this issue. It is invaluable reading for students and researchers in social work, education, criminology, sociology and psychology, as well as practitioners and policymakers concerned with the protection of young people.

Psychosynthesis: A Psychology of the Spirit (SUNY series in Transpersonal and Humanistic Psychology)

Conceived by Italian psychiatrist Roberto Assagioli, psychosynthesis is one of the first Western psychologies that addresses both spiritual development and psychological healing and growth by recognizing and supporting the particular life journey of the person—the individual's own unique path of Self-realization. Firman and Gila present a comprehensive account of psychosynthesis, providing a transpersonal integration of developmental, personality, and clinical theory. They reveal some of the relationships between psychosynthesis and contemporary developmental research, object relations theory, intersubjective psychology, trauma theory, the recovery movement, Jungian psychology, humanistic and transpersonal psychology, and common psychological diagnoses. Case examples and practical theory designed to support both the layperson and the professional seeking to understand and facilitate psychospiritual growth are included.

The Self Under Siege: A Therapeutic Model for Differentiation

How much of our identity or 'self' is truly representative of our own wants, needs, and goals in life and how much does it reflect the desires and priorities of someone else? Are we following our own destiny or are we unconsciously repeating the lives of our parents, living according to their values, ideals, and beliefs? In this thought-provoking book, noted clinical psychologist Robert Firestone and his co-authors explore the struggle that all of us face in striving to retain a sense of ourselves as unique individuals. The self is under siege from several sources: primarily pain and rejection in the developmental years, problems in relationships, detrimental societal forces, and existential realities that affect all people. Through numerous case studies and personal stories from men and women who participated in a 35-year observational study, the authors illustrate how voice therapy, a cognitive/affective/behavioral methodology pioneered by Firestone, is used to elicit, identify, and challenge the destructive inner voice and to change aversive behaviors based on its prescriptions. The theory they describe integrates the psychodynamic and existential approaches underlying voice therapy and is enriched by research findings in the neurosciences, attachment research, and terror management theory (TMT). An important addition to the area of personality development theory, The Self under Siege offers a new perspective on differentiation and the battle to separate ourselves from the chains of the past. It provides psychotherapists and other mental health professionals with the tools needed to help clients differentiate from the dysfunctional attitudes and toxic personality traits of their parents, other family members, and harmful societal influences that have unconsciously dominated their lives. This book will have a special appeal to clients and, in fact, to any person interested in his/her own personal development

Failure: Why Science is so Successful

The general public has a glorified view of the pursuit of scientific research. However, the idealized perception of science as a rule-based, methodical system for accumulating facts could not be further from the truth. Modern science involves the idiosyncratic, often bumbling search for understanding in uncharted territories, full of wrong turns, false findings, and the occasional remarkable success. In his sequel to Ignorance (Oxford University Press, 2012), Stuart Firestein shows us that the scientific enterprise is riddled with mistakes and errors - and that this is a good thing! Failure: Why Science Is So Successful delves into the origins of scientific research as a process that relies upon trial and error, one which inevitably results in a hefty dose of failure. <p><p>Scientists throughout history have relied on failure to guide their research, viewing mistakes as a necessary part of the process. Citing both historical and contemporary examples, Firestein strips away the distorted view of science as infallible to provide the public with a rare, inside glimpse of the messy realities of the scientific process. An insider's view of how science is carried out, this book will delight anyone with an interest in science, from aspiring scientists to curious general readers. Accessible and entertaining, Failure illuminates the greatest and most productive adventure of human history, with all the missteps along the way.

Seven Rules for Social Research

Seven Rules for Social Research teaches social scientists how to get the most out of their technical skills and tools, providing a resource that fully describes the strategies and concepts no researcher or student of human behavior can do without. Glenn Firebaugh provides indispensable practical guidance for anyone doing research in the social and health sciences today, whether they are undergraduate or graduate students embarking on their first major research projects or seasoned professionals seeking to incorporate new methods into their research. The rules are the basis for discussions of a broad range of issues, from choosing a research question to inferring causal relationships, and are illustrated with applications and case studies from sociology, economics, political science, and related fields. Though geared toward quantitative methods, the rules also work for qualitative research. Seven Rules for Social Research is ideal for students and researchers who want to take their technical skills to new levels of precision and insight, and for instructors who want a textbook for a second methods course. The Seven Rules There should be the possibility of surprise in social research Look for differences that make a difference, and report them. Build reality checks into your research. Replicate where possible. Compare like with like. Use panel data to study individual change and repeated cross-section data to study social change. Let method be the servant, not the master.

On Freud's Femininity (The\international Psychoanalytical Association Contemporary Freud: Turning Points And Critical Issues Ser.)

In this book a group of contemporary psychoanalytic authors dedicated to studies on women and the feminine have been assembled with the objective of displaying points of concordance and discordance in relation to Freudian proposals. Discourse on women has changed greatly since Freud's time. It coincides with deep changes experienced by women and the feminine position, at least in most of the Western world. It is common knowledge that contraceptives, assisted fertilization, advances in women's rights, growingly evident sublimational capacities and demonstrations of professional success have definitely changed ideas regarding an eternal and immutable feminine nature. The authors are interested in illuminating ways in which these changes have or have not influenced psychoanalytic debate in relation to the feminine. This implies renewing the question of what is authentically feminine and whether there is any essential truth concerning the feminine.

The Experience of Time: Psychoanalytic Perspectives (The International Psychoanalytical Association Controversies in Psychoanalysis Series)

In contemporary psychoanalysis, the concepts of time and history have become increasingly complex. It is evident that this trend offers us an opportunity to think about the intercrossing of the different temporal dimensions imbuing the subject, an inevitable aspect of the analytic process. History is time past but what is recovered is now the working through of the subject history, which carries the mark of both passing time and re-signifying time. It is precisely the notion of history that gains different dimensions when a purely deterministic analysis is disassembled. Continuities and breaks are found between subjective time and chronological time; between the inevitable decrepitude of the biological body with the passing of time and the timelessness of the unconscious; between linear, circular times and retroactive re-signification; between facts, screen memories, memory and the work of constructing history; between the times of repetition and the times of difference; between reversible and irreversible time; between the timelessness of the unconscious and the temporalities of the ego.

Mental Health Research and Practice: From Evidence To Experience

The Face of Emotion: How Botox Affects Our Moods and Relationships

William Shakespeare famously wrote that "a face is like a book," and common wisdom has it that our faces reveal our deep-seated emotions. But what if the reverse were also true? What if our facial expressions set our moods instead of revealing them? What if there were actual science to support the exhortation, "smile, be happy?" Dermatologic surgeon Eric Finzi has been studying that question for nearly two decades, and in this ground breaking book he marshals evidence suggesting that our facial expressions are not secondary to, but rather a central driving force of, our emotions. Based on clinical experience and original research, Dr. Finzi shows how changing a person's face not only affects their relationships with others but also with themselves. In his studies using Botox, he has shown how inhibiting the frown of clinically depressed patients leads many to experience relief. This work is a dramatic departure from the neuroscience-based thinking on emotions that tends to view emotions solely as the result of neurotransmitters in the brain. Part absorbing medical narrative, part think piece on the nature of emotion, this is a bold call for us to rethink the causes of unhappiness.

Erotic Lifestyles: Real People Discuss Their Unusual Sexual Practices

Few writers know sex like Steven and Iris Finz. For more than a decade they have interviewed men and women across America, asking them to reveal their most intimate fantasies and their most sensual experiences to share with their readers. They've talked to regular housewives and hard-working husbands, confirmed bachelors, computer techies, nurses, ski instructors-people from all walks of life-to find out how they keep their sex fresh and exciting. Their books about the sexual experiences and fantasies of real people have become standard night-table fare in bedrooms all around the world. Readers use them not only to put erotic sparks into their own relationships, but also develop a better understanding of the sexual behaviors of others. Their latest expose, Erotic Lifestyles, offers a glimpse into the lives of those who make the unconventional a part of their everyday sexual routine. From voyeurs to exhibitionists, there is guaranteed to be a tale to suit every taste.

A Grief Out Of Season: When Your Parents Divorce In Your Adult Years

From the book: "This book is divided in two parts. Part I, "A Map of the Terrain," lays the groundwork, seeking to understand the underlying sources of the adult child's pain. Part II, "The Journey," focuses on the more practical issues that confront the adult child at each stage of development." The authors provided many case histories to illustrate their points. In writing this book, the author used research results, case material, and their experience in dealing with the effects of divorce on adult children. Not only is this book scholarly, it is also applicable to some readers.