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Adapting Agricultural Extension to Peacebuilding: Roundtable on Technology, Science, and Peacebuilding
by Andrew RobertsonSocieties have sought to improve the outputs of their agricultural producers for thousands of years. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, efforts to convey agricultural knowledge to farmers became known as extension services, a term adopted from programs at Oxford and Cambridge designed to extend the knowledge generated at universities to surrounding communities. Traditionally, extension services have emphasized a top-down model of technology transfer that encourages and teaches producers to use crop and livestock varieties and agricultural practices that will increase food production. More recently, extension services have moved toward a facilitation model, in which extension agents work with producers to identify their needs and the best sources of expertise to help meet those needs. On May 1, 2012, the Roundtable on Science, Technology, and Peacebuilding held a workshop in Washington, DC, to explore whether and how extension activities could serve peacebuilding purposes. The Roundtable is a partnership between the National Academy of Engineering (NAE) and the U. S. Institute of Peace (USIP). It consists of senior executives and experts from leading governmental organizations, universities, corporations, and nongovernmental organizations, was established in 2011 to make a measurable and positive impact on conflict management, peacebuilding, and security capabilities. Its principal goals are: To accelerate the application of science and technology to the process of peacebuilding and stabilization; To promote systematic, high-level communication between peacebuilding and technical organizations on the problems faced and the technical capabilities required for successful peacebuilding; and To collaborate in applying new science and technology to the most pressing challenges for local and international peacebuilders working in conflict zones.
Adapting African Agriculture to Climate Change: Transforming Rural Livelihoods (Climate Change Management)
by Walter Leal Filho Anthony O. Esilaba Karuturi P. C. Rao Gummadi SridharThis book summarizes the evidence from different African countries about the local impacts of climate change, and how farmers are coping with current climate risks. The different contributors show how agricultural systems in developing countries are affected by climate changes and how communities prepare and adapt to these changes.
Adapted Primary Literature: The Use of Authentic Scientific Texts in Secondary Schools (Innovations in Science Education and Technology #22)
by Stephen P. Norris Linda M. Phillips Anat YardenThis book specifies the foundation for Adapted Primary Literature (APL), a novel text genre that enables the learning and teaching of science using research articles that were adapted to the knowledge level of high-school students. More than 50 years ago, J. J. Schwab suggested that Primary Scientific Articles "afford the most authentic, unretouched specimens of enquiry that we can obtain" and raised for the first time the idea that such articles can be used for "enquiry into enquiry". This book, the first to be published on this topic, presents the realization of this vision and shows how the reading and writing of scientific articles can be used for inquiry learning and teaching. It provides the origins and theory of APL and examines the concept and its importance. It outlines a detailed description of creating and using APL and provides examples for the use of the enactment of APL in classes, as well as descriptions of possible future prospects for the implementation of APL. Altogether, the book lays the foundations for the use of this authentic text genre for the learning and teaching of science in secondary schools.
Adapted Compressed Sensing for Effective Hardware Implementations: A Design Flow for Signal-Level Optimization of Compressed Sensing Stages
by Gianluca Setti Mauro Mangia Fabio Pareschi Valerio Cambareri Riccardo RovattiThis book describes algorithmic methods and hardware implementations that aim to help realize the promise of Compressed Sensing (CS), namely the ability to reconstruct high-dimensional signals from a properly chosen low-dimensional "portrait". The authors describe a design flow and some low-resource physical realizations of sensing systems based on CS. They highlight the pros and cons of several design choices from a pragmatic point of view, and show how a lightweight and mild but effective form of adaptation to the target signals can be the key to consistent resource saving. The basic principle of the devised design flow can be applied to almost any CS-based sensing system, including analog-to-information converters, and has been proven to fit an extremely diverse set of applications. Many practical aspects required to put a CS-based sensing system to work are also addressed, including saturation, quantization, and leakage phenomena.
Adaptation to Climate Change in Agriculture: Research and Practices
by Toshichika Iizumi Ryuichi Hirata Ryo MatsudaThis book highlights state-of-the-art research and practices for adaptation to climate change in food production systems (agriculture in particular) as observed in Japan and neighboring Asian countries. The main topics covered include the current scientific understanding of observed and projected climate change impacts on crop production and quality, modeling of autonomous and planned adaptation, and development of early warning and/or support systems for climate-related decision-making. Drawing on concrete real-world examples, the book provides readers with an essential overview of adaptation, from research to system development to practices, taking agriculture in Asia as the example. As such, it offers a valuable asset for all researchers and policymakers whose work involves adaptation planning, climate negotiations, and/or agricultural developments.
Adaptation and Resilience: The Economics of Climate, Water, and Energy Challenges in the American Southwest (RFF Press Water Policy Series)
by Bonnie G. Colby George B. FrisvoldIn America�s arid southwest, climate change will occur in the context of already-keen competition for water for agriculture, urban growth, electricity generation, water-based recreation, and environmental protections. This book explores the challenges that climate change and variability pose for water and energy managers and users, communities, and policy makers in the arid Southwest and demonstrates the application of economic methods to address these challenges. It provides valuable tools for both those interested in resource management and climate change, and those seeking to understand how economic methods can be used to analyze contemporary social problems and craft appropriate responses. The book considers both adaptation to long-term climate change and more immediate issues of water and electricity management in the face of inter-annual climate variability and drought. Thus, no matter what one�s perspective on long-run climate change projections, the book provides useful lessons for some of the region�s most pressing resource management problems.
Adaptation and Cross Layer Design in Wireless Networks
by Mohamed IbnkahlaAdaptive techniques play a key role in modern wireless communication systems. The concept of adaptation is emphasized in the Adaptation in Wireless Communications Series through a unified framework across all layers of the wireless protocol stack ranging from the physical layer to the application layer, and from cellular systems to next-generation wireless networks. Adaptation and Cross Layer Design in Wireless Networks is devoted to adaptation in the data link layer, network layer, and application layer. The book presents state-of-the-art adaptation techniques and methodologies, including cross-layer adaptation, joint signal processing, coding and networking, selfishness in mobile ad hoc networks, cooperative and opportunistic protocols, adaptation techniques for multimedia support, self –organizing routing, and tunable security services. It presents several new theoretical paradigms and analytical findings which are supported with various simulation and experimental results. Adaptation in wireless communications is needed in order to achieve high capacity and ubiquitous communications. The current trend in wireless communication systems is to make adaptation dependent upon the state of the relevant parameters in all layers of the system. Focusing on simplified cross layer design approaches, this volume describes advanced techniques such as adaptive resource management, adaptive modulation and coding, 4G communications, QoS, diversity combining, and energy and mobility aware MAC protocols. The first volume in the series, Adaptive Signal Processing in Wireless Communications (cat no.46012) covers adaptive signal processing at the physical layer.
Adaptable Embedded Systems
by Luigi Carro Carlos Arthur Lang Lisbôa Antonio Carlos BeckAs embedded systems become more complex, designers face a number of challenges at different levels: they need to boost performance, while keeping energy consumption as low as possible, they need to reuse existent software code, and at the same time they need to take advantage of the extra logic available in the chip, represented by multiple processors working together. This book describes several strategies to achieve such different and interrelated goals, by the use of adaptability. Coverage includes reconfigurable systems, dynamic optimization techniques such as binary translation and trace reuse, new memory architectures including homogeneous and heterogeneous multiprocessor systems, communication issues and NOCs, fault tolerance against fabrication defects and soft errors, and finally, how one can combine several of these techniques together to achieve higher levels of performance and adaptability. The discussion also includes how to employ specialized software to improve this new adaptive system, and how this new kind of software must be designed and programmed.
Adaptable Design: Methods and Applications (Research on Intelligent Manufacturing)
by Peihua Gu Deyi Xue Qingjin Peng Jian ZhangThis book provides a comprehensive discussion of Adaptable Design (AD). It covers the conception, method, and application of AD to the real-world product design. AD's benefits are substantial as it upgrades, reuses, remanufactures and recycles products throughout the product lifecycle. It rapidly adapts the existing design in development of new designs. Key elements of AD include rationalized function structures, adaptable product architectures, adaptable interfaces, and adaptability evaluations. The main feature of AD is adaptability in design methods and product applications with general and specific adaptability. AD has also modeling and evaluating adaptabilities.
Adapt: How Humans Are Tapping into Nature's Secrets to Design and Build a Better Future
by Amina KhanAmina Khan believes that nature does it best. In Adapt, she presents fascinating examples of how nature effortlessly solves the problems that humans attempt to solve with decades worth of the latest and greatest technologies, time, and money. Humans are animals too, and animals are incredibly good at doing more with less. If a fly’s eye can see without hundreds of fancy lenses, and termite mounds can stay cool in the desert without air conditioning, it stands to reason that nature can teach us a thing or two about sustainable technology and innovation. In Khan’s accessible voice, these complex concepts are made simple. There is so much we humans can learn from nature’s billions of years of productive and efficient evolutionary experience. This field is growing rapidly and everyone from architects to biologists to nano-technicians to engineers are paying attention. Results from the simplest tasks, creating Velcro to mimic the sticking power of a burr, to the more complex like maximizing wind power by arranging farms to imitate schools of fish can make a difference and inspire future technological breakthroughs.Adapt shares the weird and wonderful ways that nature has been working smarter and not harder, and how we can too to make billion dollar cross-industrial advances in the very near future.
Adam Smith’s Invisible Hand as Self-control Mechanism of Social Structures: Theory and Applications (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems #477)
by Tadeusz SzubaThis book shows how such a computational process functions, how great is its power and versatility, since it is possible to show how discoveries are made. In 1759, A. Smith realized that there must exist an additional powerful control mechanism behind Great Britain’s authority and government, explaining the extraordinary successes of Great Britain. He called this the Invisible Hand. Despite having used this term only 3 times, the idea evokes extreme scientific and political emotions to this day. If we apply a molecular model of computation, such as in in Adleman’s DNA computer, a computational model for the Invisible Hand can be built to show how it affects a society. It is a spontaneous, unconscious, distributed, noncontinuous computational process on the platform of minds of, e.g., people or ants. Knowing this mechanism, a future self-steering and self-optimization system for AI robot teams can be proposed, e.g., for construction sites and rescue operations.
Ada Twist's Big Project Book for Stellar Scientists: 40+ Things to Discover, Draw, and Make (The Questioneers)
by Andrea BeatyAlong the way, Ada Twist will help her fellow young scientists solve mysteries big and small and show how the powerful impact of scientific research is felt all around us. Do you ask questions? Is why your favorite word? Do you like to search for answers and conduct experiments? Then you’re a scientist, just like Ada Twist, and this book is for you! Here young scientists have the opportunity to explore all of Ada’s favorite sciences—from botany to astronomy to chemistry, and everything in between. They’ll create experiments, follow the scientific method, and learn to look more closely at the world around them. Track the phases of the moon Build an aquascope Grow plants in your own garden Watch decomposition at work Record weather changes Observe a chemical reaction Design a vehicle powered by renewable energy And much more! For any parent who wants STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math) to be fun for their girl or boy, this book is packed with experiments and activities designed to inspire children to be excited about science, school, and learning.
Ada Magnífica y los pnatalones peligrosos
by BEATY, ANDREA / ROBERTS,DAVID«¡Bestseller del New York Times! Continúan las aventuras de los Preguntones: Rosa Pionera, Ada Magnífica y Pedro Perfecto. En esta segunda entrega, Ada Magnífica deberá confiar en su mente curiosa y en sus amigos, Rosa y Pedro, para resolver un misterio en su propio vecindario. Ada Magnífica es la reina de las preguntas. Científica de corazón, Ada pregunta por qué una y otra vez. Una pregunta siempre lleva a otra, hasta que se embarca en un viaje de descubrimiento. Cuando el viento se lleva a Ned, el tío de Rosa Pionera, con sus famosos pantalones de helio, depende de Ada y sus amigos salvarlo. Mientras el tío Ned flota más y más lejos, Ada comienza a hacer muchas preguntas. ¿Qué tan alto puede volar el tío Ned? ¿Subirá volando hasta el espacio? Y, lo más importante: ¿cómo pueden bajarlo?
Ada Lovelace Cracks the Code (Rebel Girls Chapter Books)
by Rebel Girls Corinne PurtillFrom the world of Good Night Stories for Rebel Girls comes a story based on the exciting real-life adventures of Ada Lovelace, one of the world's first computer programmers.Growing up in nineteenth century London, England, Ada is curious about absolutely everything. She is obsessed with machines and with creatures that fly. She even designs her own flying laboratory!According to her mother, Ada is a bit too wild, so she encourages Ada to study math. At first Ada thinks: Bleh! Who can get excited about a subject without pictures? But she soon falls in love with it. One day she encounters a mysterious machine, and from that moment forward Ada imagines a future full of possibility-one that will eventually inspire the digital age nearly two hundred years later.Ada Lovelace Cracks the Code is the story of a pioneer in the computer sciences, and a testament to women's invaluable contributions to STEM throughout history.This historical fiction chapter book also includes additional text on Ada Lovelace's lasting legacy, as well as educational activities designed to teach simple coding and mathematical concepts.About the Rebel Girls Chapter Book SeriesMeet extraordinary real-life heroines in the Good Night Stories for Rebel Girls chapter book series! Introducing stories based on the lives and times of extraordinary women in global history, each stunningly designed chapter book features beautiful illustrations from a female artist as well as bonus activities in the backmatter to encourage kids to explore the various fields in which each of these women thrived. The perfect gift to inspire any young reader!
Ada Lace, Take Me to Your Leader: Ada Lace, On The Case; Ada Lace Sees Red; Ada Lace, Take Me To Your Leader; Ada Lace And The Impossible Mission (An Ada Lace Adventure #3)
by Emily Calandrelli Renée Kurilla Tamson WestonFrom Emily Calandrelli—host of Xploration Outer Space, correspondent on Bill Nye Saves the World, and graduate of MIT—comes the third novel in a fun illustrated chapter book series about an eight-year-old girl with a knack for science, math, and solving mysteries with technology.Third grader and inventor extraordinaire Ada Lace likes nothing more than to tinker with mechanics like her robot, George. Her latest project is to fix up a ham radio, something that she could use to contact people on this planet…and beyond. The only problem is that she just can’t get it to work properly. During a sleepover, Ada’s best friend Nina hears something strange coming from the radio in the middle of the night. A distant voice says, “Release the swarm!” convincing Nina that aliens are about to invade planet Earth. Could Ada and Nina have stumbled upon something…extraterrestrial?
Ada Lace Sees Red
by Emily Calandrelli Renée Kurilla Tamson WestonFrom Emily Calandrelli—host of Xploration Outer Space, correspondent on Bill Nye Saves the World, and graduate of MIT—comes the second novel in a brand-new chapter book series about an eight-year-old girl with a knack for science, math, and solving mysteries with technology.Ada Lace is building a new robot! She’s determined to beat Milton in the upcoming robotics competition. But she’s distracted—Ada finds her dad’s art class impossible, while Nina is the star of the class, basking in the glory of being Mr. Lace’s star pupil. When Mr. Lace suggests that Nina put on an art show, Ada becomes jealous and loses her temper. Now Ada isn’t speaking to her dad, she’s falling behind in art class, and she still doesn’t know how to fix her robot. As the competition looms closer, Ada starts to wonder if there might be a way to use both science and art to solve her problems. Will Ada make up with her father in time to test her hypothesis? Or will her hurt feelings leave her seeing red and without a medal at the end of the day?
Ada Lace, on the Case (An Ada Lace Adventure #1)
by Emily CalandrelliFrom Emily Calandrelli—host of Xploration Outer Space, correspondent on Bill Nye Saves the World, and graduate of MIT—comes the first novel in a brand-new chapter book series about an eight-year-old girl with a knack for science, math, and solving mysteries with technology.Ada Lace—third-grade scientist and inventor extraordinaire—has discovered something awful: her neighbor&’s beloved Yorkie has been dognapped! With the assistance of a quirky neighbor named Nina (who is convinced an alien took the doggie) and her ever-growing collection of gadgets, Ada sets out to find the wrongdoer. As their investigation becomes more and more mysterious, Ada and Nina grow closer, proving that opposites do, in fact, attract.
Ada Lace Gets Famous (An Ada Lace Adventure #6)
by Emily CalandrelliFrom Emily Calandrelli—Emmy-nominated host of Xploration Outer Space, host of Netflix&’s Emily&’s Wonder Lab, and graduate of MIT—comes the sixth novel in a fun illustrated chapter book series about an eight-year-old girl with a knack for science, math, and solving mysteries with technology.When third grader and inventor extraordinaire Ada Lace learns her teachers are in dire need of new school supplies, she&’s eager to lend a helping hand—but how? With a bake sale? A class carnival? Most ideas seem out of reach for a kid like her, until Tycho suggests Ada try her hand at posting informational videos. If she&’s able to build up a big online viewership, she could easily raise funds for their school. And with Nina as her visionary director, Milton as her comedic cohost, and Ada as the scientist star, making fun videos will be a piece of cake! Or so they think. What starts as an earnest try at making fun, science-based shorts ends up being a whole mess for Ada and the gang as they gain popularity and take on peer pressure, trolls, and tests of their friendships. With her rising internet stardom, will Ada be able to stay true to herself?
Ada Lace and the Suspicious Artist (An Ada Lace Adventure #5)
by Emily Calandrelli Renée Kurilla Tamson WestonFrom Emily Calandrelli—Emmy-nominated host of Xploration Outer Space, correspondent on Bill Nye Saves the World, and graduate of MIT—comes the fifth novel in a fun illustrated chapter book series about an eight-year-old girl with a knack for science, math, and solving mysteries with technology.Third grader and inventor extraordinaire Ada Lace is on spring break. But it’s just a little less relaxing than she’d imagined. Nina is beside herself with excitement about meeting her favorite artist and enlists Ada and Mr. Peebles’s coding-whiz nephew to help revamp her online portfolio. When Nina finally meets Miroir, he snubs her, and her confidence is shaken—but not enough to miss the art show opening. While there, Ada spots a suspiciously familiar painting that may mean Miroir isn’t the original he claims to be. Will the friends be able to reveal the artist’s true nature, before he fools someone else?
Ada Lace and the Impossible Mission: Ada Lace, On The Case; Ada Lace Sees Red; Ada Lace, Take Me To Your Leader; Ada Lace And The Impossible Mission (An Ada Lace Adventure #4)
by Emily Calandrelli Renée Kurilla Tamson WestonFrom Emily Calandrelli—Emmy-nominated host of Xploration Outer Space, correspondent on Bill Nye Saves the World, and graduate of MIT—comes the fourth novel in a fun illustrated chapter book series about an eight-year-old girl with a knack for science, math, and solving mysteries with technology.Third grader and inventor extraordinaire Ada Lace has a new social studies teacher—who loves group projects. While most of the class has constructed regular dioramas with clay and construction paper, Ada, her best friend Nina, and sometimes nemesis Milton have built a complex scale model of an historic silver mine. But when Milton reveals that he added his “old Milton touch” on their project right before turning it in, Ada worries that he has sabotaged their work. In a desperate attempt to save their project, Ada and Nina use their combined creative and technical prowess to perform a heist and break into their teacher’s supply closet after school. Do the two friends have what it takes to deceive the school’s security system? Or will they get caught trying to pull off this seemingly impossible mission.
Ad Hoc Networks Telecommunications and Game Theory
by Malek Benslama Hadj Batatia Mohamed Lamine BoucennaRandom SALOHA and CSMA protocols that are used to access MAC in ad hoc networks are very small compared to the multiple and spontaneous use of the transmission channel. So they have low immunity to the problems of packet collisions. Indeed, the transmission time is the critical factor in the operation of such networks.The simulations demonstrate the positive impact of erasure codes on the throughput of the transmission in ad hoc networks. However, the network still suffers from the intermittency and volatility of its efficiency throughout its operation, and it switches quickly to the saturation zone. In this context, game theory has demonstrated his ability to lead the network to a more efficient equilibrium. This, we were led to propose our model code set that formalizes the behavior of nodes during transmission within SALOHA networks and CSMA respectively
Ad-hoc Networks and Wireless: ADHOC-NOW 2014 International Workshops, ETSD, MARSS, MWaoN, SecAN, SSPA, and WiSARN, Benidorm, Spain, June 22--27, 2014, Revised Selected Papers (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #8629)
by Miguel Garcia Pineda Jaime Lloret Symeon Papavassiliou Stefan Ruehrup Carlos Becker WestphallThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of six workshops collocated with the 13th International Conference on Ad-Hoc Networks and Wireless, ADHOC-NOW Workshops 2014, held in Benidorm, Spain, in June 2014. The 25 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 59 submissions. The papers address the following topics: emerging technologies for smart devices; marine sensors and systems; multimedia wireless ad hoc networks; security in ad hoc networks; smart sensor protocols and algorithms; wireless sensor, actuator and robot networks.
Ad Hoc Networks: Routing, Qos and Optimization
by Mounir FrikhaThis work presents ad hoc networks and their characteristics. It explains a new protocol of routing with QoS as well as its implementation in a network simulator and compares it with the existing protocols. The book discusses the principle of the load balancing, treats the approaches of optimization of energy, and proposes a new approach with an analytical model that gives a better performance.
Ad Hoc Mobile Wireless Networks: Principles, Protocols, and Applications, Second Edition
by Subir Kumar Sarkar T.G. Basavaraju C. PuttamadappaThe military, the research community, emergency services, and industrial environments all rely on ad hoc mobile wireless networks because of their simple infrastructure and minimal central administration. Now in its second edition, Ad Hoc Mobile Wireless Networks: Principles, Protocols, and Applications explains the concepts, mechanism, design, and
Ad-hoc, Mobile, and Wireless Networks: 16th International Conference on Ad Hoc Networks and Wireless, ADHOC-NOW 2017, Messina, Italy, September 20-22, 2017, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #10517)
by Dario Bruneo Salvatore Distefano Antonio Puliafito Francesco LongoThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Ad-hoc, Mobile, and Wireless Networks, ADHOC-NOW 2017, held in Messina, Italy, in September 2017. The 22 full and 9 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 55 submissions. The contributions were organized in topical sections named: internet of things; security; smart city; ad-hoc networks; implementations and validations; wireless sensor networks; data management; wireless systems.