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Everyday Fashions of the Twenties: As Pictured in Sears and Other Catalogs
by Stella BlumThe Roaring Twenties, age of jazz and flappers, Model T Fords and Hollywood movie stars, was also a time when for millions the bulky catalogs of Montgomery Ward or Sears, Roebuck were a substitute for the window displays of Paris or New York fashion shops. Buying clothing through the mails had become an American institution, and entire families were often dressed via the U.S. Post Office. More conservative than the up-to-the-minute fashion shops, mail-order catalogs nevertheless offered surprisingly much of the haute couture. But, above all, they accurately record what men, women, and children were actually wearing in the 1920s.Now Stella Blum (Curator of the Costume Institute at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York) has distilled into this volume the essence of the fashion pages of the Sears, Roebuck and other mail-order catalogs of the Twenties. Her informative text and selection of over 150 representative catalog pages -- comprising over 750 illustrations with original captions -- gradually trace the evolution of dress modes from the vogue of stodgy postwar fashions to the impact on costume of the crash of '29. In a year-by-year survey, Mrs. Blum's introductory texts relate the trends in fashion to the social changes of the dynamic and restless era, assessing the influence of war and technological developments on the high hemlines, flattened busts and hips, geometric patterns and "bobbed" hairstyles of the boyish flapper look. And as she notes, it was through the Sears catalogs that Parisian designers like Coco Chanel, Jeanne Lanvin, and Madeleine Vionnet made their influence felt on Midwestern farms and in urban ghettos.You'll find here a marvelous panorama of "smart," "modish," "chic," "stylish," and "ultra fashionable" apparel, as well as more traditional garments: for women and "misses" there are Middy blouses, Russian boots modeled by Gloria Swanson, "Bob" hats modeled by Clara Bow and Joan Crawford; coats, suits, dresses (including the first maternity dresses), sweaters, capes; silk and rayon stockings, corsets, chemises, camisoles, negligees; and accessories like necklaces, belts, combs, headbands, umbrellas, gloves, compacts, hand bags, wristwatches, and powderpuff cases. You'll see slower-to-change men's fashions -- shirts, ties, suits, sweaters, and sports clothes -- become trimmer, brighter, smarter. And you can follow the trends in children's fashions as well.For historians of costume, nostalgia buffs, and casual browsers, these pages afford a rare picture -- unspoiled by recent myths about the Roaring Twenties -- of how average people really dressed in the jazz age.
Everyday Icon: Michelle Obama and the Power of Style
by Kate BettsIn many ways the world has never seen a First Lady like Michelle Obama. From the precedent of her race to the singularity of her style, she has been the object of immense fascination. What she says, what she does, and not least, what she wears, is scrutinized around the world.Writing at the crossroads of politics and fashion, Kate Betts explains why Michelle Obama's style matters, and how she has helped liberate a generation of women from the false idea that style and substance are mutually exclusive. Following the transformation of Mrs. Obama from her early days on the campaign trail to her first state dinner at the White House, Betts, a longtime fashion journalist and former editor in chief of Harper's Bazaar, reminds us that while style can be expressed in what you wear, it is inextricably bound up in who you are and what you believe in. In a smart, breezy voice backed by extensive interviews and historical research, Betts shows how Michelle Obama's bold confidence and self-possession have made her into an icon and transformed the way women see themselves, their roles, and their own style.With two hundred color photographs, original designer sketches, and historical images, Everyday Icon is not only a lavish tour of our First Lady's style statements, but also a fascinating behind-the-scenes account of how she created her image and, more important, what that image says about American style today. Much has been written about Michelle Obama, but Kate Betts places her in a broader cultural and historical context; Everyday Icon is the definitive book on how a working mother of two became an unforgettable, global style icon.From the Hardcover edition.
Everyday Joys in Twenty-First Century Queer American Painting: Ecstatic Ordinarinesses (Routledge Research in Gender and Art)
by David DeutschTaken together, the chapters in this book outline a theory and a practice of painting ecstatic ordinarinesses in contemporary, diverse American queer life. To do so, it offers the first sustained study of five individually renowned twenty-first-century queer painters—Gio Black Peter, Doron Langberg, Jonathan Lyndon Chase, Salman Toor, and João Gabriel—who have achieved substantial recognition from international museums, galleries, and critics working with short-form reviews but not yet from academics producing large-scale studies. This study argues for a broad understanding of what constitutes the queer American art of our time and for a broad sense of who can help to fashion American culture and history, including art by African American, Southeast Asian, Muslim and Jewish American, South American, and gender nonconforming queer artists. The book will be of interest to scholars working in art history, contemporary art, gender studies, and queer studies.
Everyday Knitting
by Megan GoodacreLearn how to knit with simple, easy-to-follow guides and over 20 cute and cozy project patterns!Interested in knitting but unsure where to start? Everyday Knitting offers simple, step-by-step tutorials geared toward beginning knitters. Master the basics of knitting and improve your technique with clear, comprehensive instructions for casting on, binding off, knit and purl stitches, and more. Once you&’ve mastered the basics, move on to fun and functional practice projects to hone your skills.From selecting the right yarn to choosing the tools you need to get started, Everyday Knitting covers everything you need to know to make lace bookmarks, scarves, fingerless mitts, and even friendly knitted critters. Features include:Clear, step-by-step instructions to build confidence in beginning knittersOver 20 practice projects to help you hone your skills and create fun, usable itemsHandy instructional guides to teach you how to decipher a chart, read a pattern, increase and decrease rows, purchase yarn for your project, and moreStitch galleries to provide inspiration with nearly two dozen stitch patterns including a variety of cable and lace stitches
Everyday Lace: Simple, Sophisticated Knitted Garments
by Heather ZoppettiSimple garments and accessories for everyday life. Knitters love lace and want to add it to their wardrobe in pretty yet non-fussy ways. In this collection of 18 garments and accessories, using lace motifs for edging is only the beginning. Author Heather Zoppetti shows how lace can be easily incorporated into feminine garments meant for daily wear: as a simple panel insert, as edgings and bands, and in an increasingly all-over manner. Simple shaping and construction are the rule here, letting lace take center stage. Heather's work features thoughtful construction such as linen-stitch bands to prevent awkward stretching and shoulder slippage, mock cables to play up a raglan shoulder, and reversible stitch patterns on garments that show both sides. Hidden among the collection of lovely garments is a thorough introduction to the basics of lace knitting, including various cast-ons and bind-offs appropriate for lace knitting. Throughout the book, Heather offers tips designed to help the novice knitter.
Everyday Magic
by Emily AlbrightFrom the critically acclaimed author of The Heir and the Spare comes another enchanting tale of love and fame set in England, among the privileges and pressures of the red-carpet life. Maggie's dad is a Hollywood director, and he has her whole life planned: Not only will she grow up to be an entertainment lawyer and work for him, he literally blackmails her to date the boy who's starring in his new movie. But Maggie loves Preston, the British boy who stole her heart, and despite the risk that her dad will make her mother miserable if she doesn't give in, Maggie decides to go for it, designing a red-carpet gown for a young duchess that puts her and the duchess in the limelight. Once there, she turns to Preston and issues a challenge: Can a girl who has given up the glamorous life any other girl would want...be the girl for him?
Everyday Magic for Kids: 30 Amazing Magic Tricks That You Can Do Anywhere
by Justin FlomPerfect the art of magic with simple every day objects and tips from professional magician Justin Flom.Using every day objects, daring magician Justin Flom (434K Facebook followers and 153K subscribers on YouTube) will teach kids all they need to know to perform 30 amazing and how-did-you-do-that magic tricks at the turn of a hat. Featuring step-by-step instructions and illustrations, Everyday Magic for Kids will give budding magicians all the tips they need in order to wow their friends and family, whether at home, at school, or on the go. Tricks will vary from card tricks to tricks with coins and other small objects to tricks that can be done with friends/family members. The book also includes introductory material about how to act like a magician and the basics of performing magic in front of an audience (be it a friend or a room of people).
Everyday Makeup Secrets: Tips for Choosing the Best Makeup for Your Unique Features (Idiot's Guides)
by Daniel KlinglerThe cosmetics industry rakes in a whopping $42 billion annually and for good reason. Women love how makeup can make facial features pop and can hide flaws. Idiot's Guides: Everyday Makeup Secrets shows readers how to achieve everyday looks using reasonably priced makeup. Ideal for any age range, skin type, or skin color, this book features large, full-color photos showing step-by-step application for lips, cheeks, and eyes. It also includes helpful tips on correcting flaws, weather-proofing makeup, caring for skin, and creating the most popular looks.
Everyday Monet: A Giverny-Inspired Gardening and Lifestyle Guide to Living Your Best Impressionist Life ("rebel Inc. " Classics Ser. #17)
by Aileen BordmanBring Monet’s paintings and gardens to life using this gorgeously illustrated book that will teach you how to create a Monet lifestyle from your living room to your kitchen to your garden—from the documentarian and author of Monet’s Palate Cookbook, with the support of the American steward and all the head gardeners at Giverny.Aileen Bordman has long been influenced by the work of Claude Monet, one of the founders of French Impressionist painting whose esteemed works capturing the simple beauties of fin de siècle French life—from waterlilies to haystacks—have fetched astonishing sums at private auction houses and can be found in the greatest art museums around the globe. With direct access to Giverny through a pair of insiders—her mother, a steward of the Giverny estate, and its head gardener—she transports you to Monet’s garden at Giverny, the third most visited site in France, in Everyday Monet.Combining the history, palette colors, and designs of Monet’s gardens and paintings in this one-of-a-kind volume, Aileen shows how to encapsulate a home and lifestyle inspired by the artist. Filled with insights, step-by-step instructions, musings, recipes, gorgeous photography, and how-to graphics, Everyday Monet teaches how to grow a garden like Monet, preserve a waterlily inside the home, decorate a dining room table or a bathroom inspired by Monet’s aesthetic, and prepare foods that inspire your inner-Impressionist.Filled with lush photos of Monet’s milieu—from the gardens of Giverny to the streets of Normandy—and reproductions of Monet’s most famous paintings, Everyday Monet is a practical guide to finding ways to implement Monet’s beautiful designs into any home and garden, whether you live on a country estate or in a city apartment, and is a memorable keepsake Monet devotees will treasure.
Everyday Movies: Portable Film Projectors and the Transformation of American Culture
by Haidee WassonEveryday Movies documents the twentieth-century rise of portable film projectors. It demonstrates that since World War II, the vast majority of movie-watching did not happen in the glow of the large screen but rather took place alongside the glitches, distortions, and clickety-clack of small machines that transformed home, classroom, museum, community, government, industrial, and military venues into sites of moving-image display. Reorienting the history of cinema away from the magic of the movie theater, Haidee Wasson illustrates the remarkable persistence and proliferation of devices that fundamentally rejected the sleek, highly professionalized film show. She foregrounds instead another kind of apparatus, one that was accessible, affordable, adaptable, easy to use, and crucially, programmable. Revealing rich archival discoveries, this book charts a compelling and original history of film that brings to light new technologies and diverse forms of media engagement that continue to shape contemporary life.
Everyday Pornography
by Karen BoylePublic and academic debate about ‘porn culture’ is proliferating. Ironically, what is often lost in these debates is a sense of what is specific about pornography. By focusing on pornography’s mainstream – contemporary commercial products for a heterosexual male audience – Everyday Pornography offers the opportunity to reconsider what it is that makes pornography a specific form of industrial practice and genre of representation. Everyday Pornography presents original work from scholars from a range of academic disciplines (Media Studies, Law, Sociology, Psychology, Women’s Studies, Political Science), introducing new methodologies and approaches whilst reflecting on the ongoing value of older approaches. Among the topics explored are: the porn industry’s marketing practices (spam emails, reviews) and online organisation commercial sex in Second Life the pornographic narratives of phone sex and amateur videos the content of best-selling porn videos how the male consumer is addressed by pornography, represented within the mainstream, understood by academics and contained by legislation. This collection places a particular emphasis on anti-pornography feminism, a movement which has been experiencing a revival since the mid-2000s. Drawing on the experiences of activists alongside academics, Everyday Pornography offers an opportunity to explore the intellectual and political challenges of anti-pornography feminism and consider its relevance for contemporary academic debate.
Everyday Quilting: The Complete Beginner's Guide to 15 Fun Projects
by Jennifer FultonLearn how to quilt today!Whether you want to make a functional quilt or one you can hang on a wall in your home for family and friends to admire, this book is the singular resource you need. Filled with step-by-step techniques ideal for beginners as well as aspirational designs for even the most experienced quilter, Everyday Quilting lives up to its name with patterns for all seasons. With more than 300 full-color photos, more than 20 projects, and expert quilting directions, this guide to quilting will help ensure you not only become a successful quilter but also become one that maintains a quilting practice. Even the tutorial pages offer inspiration to would-be and dedicated quilters, confirming your skills while also encouraging them. Everyday Quilting also includes these features:• Instructions for machine and hand sewing• Tips for selecting and preparing fabric• Basic and advanced sewing techniques• Appliqué techniques and tips• Detailed directions for making quilts
Everyday Representations of War in Late Modernity (Identities and Modernities in Europe)
by Violeta Davoliūtė Nerijus Milerius Agnė Narušytė Lukas BrašiškisThis book analyses photographic and cinematographic representations of war and its memorialisation rituals in the period of late modernity from the perspectives of cultural sociology, philosophy, art theory and film studies. It reveals how the experience of war trauma takes root in everydayness and shows how artists try to question the ‘normality’ of the everyday, to actualise the memory of war trauma, to rethink the contrasting experiences of the time of war and everydayness, and to oppose the imposed historical narratives. The new representations are analysed by developing theories of war as a ‘magic spectacle’, also by using such concepts as spectres, triumph and trauma, collective social catastrophes, forensic architecture and others.
Everyday Watercolor Flowers: A Modern Guide to Painting Blooms, Leaves, and Stems Step by Step
by Jenna RaineyAuthor of Everyday Watercolor and Instagram darling Jenna Rainey presents a beautiful step-by-step guide to painting botanicals from lilies to daffodils in a wide variety of styles.Artist Jenna Rainey shares easy-to-follow ways to paint a wide range of botanicals, all in her fresh, modern style that appeals to the next generation of watercolor artists and creatives, from beginners to hobbyists. With gorgeously illustrated instructions for both loose and realistic watercolor depictions of more than 25 flowers, leaves, and plants, organized by form and shape, Everyday Watercolor Flowers is every nature-lover's answer to capturing that beauty on paper.
Everyday Watercolor Seashores: A Modern Guide to Painting Shells, Creatures, and Beaches Step by Step
by Jenna RaineyFrom the Instagram artist behind Everyday Watercolor comes a beautiful step-by-step guide to painting shells, sea creatures, and oceanscapes in her effortlessly modern style.Jenna Rainey shares a gorgeously illustrated guide to painting a wide range of ocean-inspired subjects, from starfish and whales to beach landscapes and cresting waves. Featuring step-by-step instructions easy enough for beginners and inspiring for hobbyists, Rainey's fresh, contemporary illustrations bring more than thirty-five fishes, shells, sea creatures, corals, beaches, and ocean scenes to life. Everyday Watercolor Seashores is an accessible muse for the next generation of watercolor artists, creatives, and nature lovers alike.
Everyday Watercolor: Learn to Paint Watercolor in 30 Days
by Jenna RaineyA contemporary paint-every-day watercolor guide that explores foundational strokes and patterns and then builds new skills upon the foundations over the course of 30 days to create finished pieces. This beautifully illustrated and inspiring guided watercolor-a-day book is perfect for beginning watercolor artists, artists who want to improve their watercolor skills, and visual creatives. From strokes to shapes, this book covers the basics and helps painters gain confidence in themselves along with inspiration to develop their own style over the course of 30 days. Featuring colorful contemporary art from Mon Voir design agency founder and Instagram trendsetter Jenna Rainey, this book's fresh perspective paints watercolor in a whole new light.
Everyday Woodworking: A Beginner's Guide to Woodcraft With 12 Hand Tools
by Rex KruegerGet started with simple, useful, handcrafted woodworking projects for everyday people—with only 12 basic tools! Lots of people want to try woodwork, but they get intimidated by dangerous power tools and difficult techniques. Good news: there are lots of ways to work with wood and anyone can get a few tools and start making projects.Everyday Woodworking starts at the very beginning—with wood. How can this common material make everything from furniture to houses? What makes it so strong? Why does it break? More importantly, what can you do to a piece of wood? Sometimes we cut it with a saw. Other times, we split it with an ax or shave it with a knife. This book explains why we choose each tool and how to pick the right cut for any project. As Rex likes to say: "Trust me, it&’s not hard." Once you get a few tools and learn some simple techniques, you&’ll start making things right away. You&’ll begin with a simple mallet and some wooden wedges and then advance to splitting green logs into usable lumber. Next you&’ll pick up a knife and a drill and after just a little practice, you&’ll be making things you can give to your friends; things they&’ll actually use: A wooden butter knifeA desk organizerA few pieces of sturdy furnitureSawhorsesA small workbench Each project is shown step-by-step with the beginner in mind. The projects are simple but not primitive. Everyday Woodworking will give you skills that you can build on as you grow as a craftsperson.
Everyday Writing Center: A Community of Practice
by Meg Carroll Anne Ellen Geller Frankie Condon Michele Eodice Elizabeth BoquetIn a landmark collaboration, five co-authors develop a theme of ordinary disruptions ("the everyday") as a source of provocative learning moments that can liberate both student writers and writing center staff. At the same time, the authors parlay Etienne Wenger’s concept of "community of practice" into an ethos of a dynamic, learner-centered pedagogy that is especially well-suited to the peculiar teaching situation of the writing center. They push themselves and their field toward deeper, more significant research, more self-conscious teaching.
Everynight Life: Culture and Dance in Latin/o America
by José Esteban Muñoz Celeste Fraser DelgadoThe function of dance in Latin/o American culture is the focus of the essays collected in Everynight Life. The contributors interpret how Latin/o culture expresses itself through dance, approaching the material from the varying perspectives of literary, cultural, dance, performance, queer, and feminist studies. Viewing dance as privileged sites of identity formation and cultural resistance in Latin/o America, Everynight Life translates the motion of bodies into speech, and the gestures of dance into a provocative socio-political grammar.This anthology looks at many modes of dance--including salsa, merengue, cumbia, rumba, mambo, tango, samba, and norteño--as models for the interplay of cultural memory and regional conflict. Barbara Browning's essay on capoeira, for instance, demonstrates how dance has been used as a literal form of resistance, while José Piedra explores the meanings conveyed by women of color dancing the rumba. Pieces such as Gustavo Perez Fírmat's "I Came, I Saw, I Conga'd" and Jorge Salessi's "Medics, Crooks, and Tango Queens" illustrate the lively scope of this volume's subject matter.Contributors. Barbara Browning, Celeste Fraser Delgado, Jane C. Desmond, Mayra Santos Febres, Juan Carlos Quintero Herencia, Josh Kun, Ana M. López, José Esteban Muñoz, José Piedra, Gustavo Perez Fírmat, Augusto C. Puleo, David Román, Jorge Salessi, Alberto Sandoval
Everyone Loves Live Music: A Theory of Performance Institutions (Big Issues in Music)
by Fabian HoltFor decades, millions of music fans have gathered every summer in parks and fields to hear their favorite bands at festivals such as Lollapalooza, Coachella, and Glastonbury. How did these and countless other festivals across the globe evolve into glamorous pop culture events, and how are they changing our relationship to music, leisure, and public culture? In Everyone Loves Live Music, Fabian Holt looks beyond the marketing hype to show how festivals and other institutions of musical performance have evolved in recent decades, as sites that were once meaningful sources of community and culture are increasingly subsumed by corporate giants. Examining a diverse range of cases across Europe and the United States, Holt upends commonly-held ideas of live music and introduces a pioneering theory of performance institutions. He explores the fascinating history of the club and the festival in San Francisco and New York, as well as a number of European cities. This book also explores the social forces shaping live music as small, independent venues become corporatized and as festivals transform to promote mainstream Anglophone culture and its consumerist trappings. The book further provides insight into the broader relationship between culture and community in the twenty-first century. An engaging read for fans, industry professionals, and scholars alike, Everyone Loves Live Music reveals how our contemporary enthusiasm for live music is more fraught than we would like to think.
Everyone Loves Live Music: A Theory of Performance Institutions (Big Issues in Music)
by Fabian HoltFor decades, millions of music fans have gathered every summer in parks and fields to hear their favorite bands at festivals such as Lollapalooza, Coachella, and Glastonbury. How did these and countless other festivals across the globe evolve into glamorous pop culture events, and how are they changing our relationship to music, leisure, and public culture? In Everyone Loves Live Music, Fabian Holt looks beyond the marketing hype to show how festivals and other institutions of musical performance have evolved in recent decades, as sites that were once meaningful sources of community and culture are increasingly subsumed by corporate giants. Examining a diverse range of cases across Europe and the United States, Holt upends commonly-held ideas of live music and introduces a pioneering theory of performance institutions. He explores the fascinating history of the club and the festival in San Francisco and New York, as well as a number of European cities. This book also explores the social forces shaping live music as small, independent venues become corporatized and as festivals transform to promote mainstream Anglophone culture and its consumerist trappings. The book further provides insight into the broader relationship between culture and community in the twenty-first century. An engaging read for fans, industry professionals, and scholars alike, Everyone Loves Live Music reveals how our contemporary enthusiasm for live music is more fraught than we would like to think.
Everyone Loves Live Music: A Theory of Performance Institutions (Big Issues in Music)
by Fabian HoltFor decades, millions of music fans have gathered every summer in parks and fields to hear their favorite bands at festivals such as Lollapalooza, Coachella, and Glastonbury. How did these and countless other festivals across the globe evolve into glamorous pop culture events, and how are they changing our relationship to music, leisure, and public culture? In Everyone Loves Live Music, Fabian Holt looks beyond the marketing hype to show how festivals and other institutions of musical performance have evolved in recent decades, as sites that were once meaningful sources of community and culture are increasingly subsumed by corporate giants. Examining a diverse range of cases across Europe and the United States, Holt upends commonly-held ideas of live music and introduces a pioneering theory of performance institutions. He explores the fascinating history of the club and the festival in San Francisco and New York, as well as a number of European cities. This book also explores the social forces shaping live music as small, independent venues become corporatized and as festivals transform to promote mainstream Anglophone culture and its consumerist trappings. The book further provides insight into the broader relationship between culture and community in the twenty-first century. An engaging read for fans, industry professionals, and scholars alike, Everyone Loves Live Music reveals how our contemporary enthusiasm for live music is more fraught than we would like to think.
Everyone You Hate Is Going to Die: And Other Comforting Thoughts on Family, Friends, Sex, Love, and More Things That Ruin Your Life
by Daniel SlossOne of this generation's hottest and boldest young comedians presents a transgressive and hilarious analysis of all of our dysfunctional relationships, and attempts to point us in the vague direction of sanity.Daniel Sloss's stand-up comedy engages, enrages, offends, unsettles, educates, comforts, and gets audiences roaring with laughter—all at the same time. In his groundbreaking specials, seen on Netflix and HBO, he has brilliantly tackled everything from male toxicity and friendship to love, romance, and marriage—and claims (with the data to back it up) that his on-stage laser-like dissection of relationships has single-handedly caused more than 300 divorces and 120,000 breakups. Now, in his first book, he picks up where his specials left off, and goes after every conceivable kind of relationship—with one's country (Sloss's is Scotland); with America; with lovers, ex-lovers, ex-lovers who you hate, ex-lovers who hate you; with parents; with best friends (male and female), not-best friends; with children; with siblings; and even with the global pandemic and our own mortality. In Everyone You Hate Is Going to Die, every human connection gets the brutally funny (and unfailingly incisive) Sloss treatment as he illuminates the ways in which all of our relationships are fragile and ridiculous and awful—but also valuable and meaningful and important.
Everyone’s Theater: Literature and Daily Life in England, 1860–1914
by Michael MeeuwisNearly all residents of England and its colonies between 1860 and 1914 were active theatergoers, and many participated in the amateur theatricals that defined late Victorian life. The Victorian theater was not an abstract figuration of the world as a stage, but a media system enmeshed in mass lived experience that fulfilled in actuality the concept of a theatergoing nation. Everyone’s Theater turns to local history, the words of everyday Victorians found in their diaries and production records, to recover this lost chapter of theater history in which amateur drama domesticates the stage. Professional actors and playwrights struggled to make their productions compatible with ideas and techniques that could be safely reproduced in the home—and in amateur performances from Canada to India. This became the first true English national theater: a society whose myriad classes found common ground in theatrical display. Everyone’s Theater provides new ways to extend Victorian literature into the dimension of voice, sound, and embodiment, and to appreciate the pleasures of Victorian theatricality.
Everything About Theatre!: The Guidebook Of Theatre Fundamentals
by Robert L. Lee Theodore O. ZapelAn overview of all aspects of theatre The history, the crafts and the art of the stage are presented in eighteen units.