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The Camino de Santiago in the 21st Century: Interdisciplinary Perspectives and Global Views (Routledge Studies in Pilgrimage, Religious Travel and Tourism)
by Samuel Sánchez y Sánchez Annie HespThe Spanish Camino de Santiago, a pilgrimage rooted in the Medieval period and increasingly active today, has attracted a growing amount of both scholarly and popular attention. With its multiple points of departure in Spain and other European countries, its simultaneously secular and religious nature, and its international and transhistorical population of pilgrims, this particular pilgrimage naturally invites a wide range of intellectual inquiry and scholarly perspectives. This volume fills a gap in current pilgrimage studies, focusing on contemporary representations of the Camino de Santiago. Complementing existing studies of the Camino’s medieval origins, it situates the Camino as a modern experience and engages interdisciplinary perspectives to present a theoretical framework for exploring the most central issues that concern scholars of pilgrimage studies today. Contributors explore the contemporary meaning of the Camino through an interdisciplinary lens that reflects the increasing permeability between academic disciplines and fields, bringing together a wide range of theoretical and critical perspectives (cultural studies, literary studies, globalization studies, memory studies, ethnic studies, postcolonial studies, cultural geographies, photography, and material culture). Chapters touch on a variety of genres (blogs, film, graphic novels, historical novels, objects, and travel guides), and transnational perspectives (Australia, the Arab world, England, Spain, and the United States).
The Campus Queen in Literature and Culture: Prom Queen Profiles
by Jamie Hammel CulverThe Campus Queen in Literature and Culture: Prom Queen Profiles explores the nuanced relationship between femininity and power and provides a scholarly framework for understanding the evolution of the prom queen’s archetypal ubiquity. Semantically, the titles are nearly synonymous—prom queen, homecoming queen, winterfest princess—as all denote the longstanding tradition in the United States of conferring royal status upon teenage popularity. Yet whatever we call it, high school royalty remains one of the most paradoxical realities of youth culture, for as fervently as it gets dismissed and discredited, it is just as frequently revered and respected. A physical manifestation of the student body’s collective hegemonic efforts, the campus queen occupies a significant space in literature and culture, excavating truths both timeless and telling. A signature survey of the genre, this study traces the historical underpinnings and cultural implications of the campus queen, examining the longevity of the archetype and ultimately reimagining the narrative for future generations.
The Canadian City: St. John's to Victoria: A Critical Commentary
by Roger KembleArchitect and artist Roger Kemble has demonstrated his ideas of urban design with images from sixteen major Canadian cities—among others. He has walked, measured, and sketched their streets, squares and places, scanned their horizons, probed the relationships between structures, land and landscape with unprecedented energy. More significantly, he has reacted to the negative effect that all the busy business of urban development is having on our daily lives and he has had the courage to offer concrete remedial plans. If, as Kemble (quoting Ruskin), reminds us: 'Architecture is the mother of the arts', then time spent with his bold, imaginative, idiosyncratic view of the making (and unmaking) of cities—drawn with passionate hindsight and compassionate foresight—will be a moving and healing experience.Through the beckoning text of The Canadian City and its 144 illustrations, we will come to know the map of our own country and city as never before. The long shadow cast by this knowledge will make us more aware travellers abroad, too. Principles of city living and city building will accompany us everywhere, with an unsuspecting vividness. There is only a short step from Roger Kemble's studio to the world.
The Canadian Home: From Cave to Electronic Cocoon
by Marc DenhezWould you want to live in a factory-molded cube made of plastic, asbestos, and UFFI? With an "H-bomb shelter" and the nuclear furnace underneath? Or a house designed by God to harmonize with the cosmic Muzak? The Canadian Home explains how our housing came to be including the pagan origins of "colonial" homes, why "Tudor" is not Tudor, and where so many predictions went wrong. But the book is not just about tastes and floor plans; it also celebrates technological innovation, from prehistoric Inuit windows (of stretched seal guts) to the R-2000 house and habitation in space. For the first time, records of the Canadian Home Builders’ Association have been opened to reveal the power plays of bureaucrats, developers, architects, and financiers and how they affect the quality, affordability, and choice of our housing today. Fiery debates over the sublime and the ridiculous (e.g. 1940s architectural articles on whether Toronto should be bombed) are set against the backdrop of Canadian politics and industrial history. Whether the reader’s interest is in construction, politics, or home decor, this book explains why the roof over our heads is the way it is." Pierre Berton "In his fascinating study of Canadian shelter, Marc Denhez takes us on a 20,000-year journey from the days of the cave, the tipi, and the igloo, to the H-bomb shelter and the mobile home. This is, in short, a lively as well as an erudite study of the development of housing . [It] deserves a permanent position on any library shelf." "If you live in a house or own one or build one if you have a roof over your head read this book. A housing book with punch and humour immensely enjoyable." -Charles Lynch author, journalist and former governor of Heritage Canada.
The Canadian Horror Film
by André Loiselle Gina FreitagFrom the cheaply made "tax-shelter" films of the 1970s to the latest wave of contemporary "eco-horror," Canadian horror cinema has rarely received much critical attention. Gina Freitag and André Loiselle rectify that situation in The Canadian Horror Film with a series of thought-provoking reflections on Canada's "terror of the soul," a wasteland of docile damnation and prosaic pestilence where savage beasts and mad scientists rub elbows with pasty suburbanites, grumpy seamen, and baby-faced porn stars.Featuring chapters on Pontypool, Ginger Snaps, 1970s slasher films, Quebec horror, and the work of David Cronenberg, among many others, The Canadian Horror Film unearths the terrors hidden in the recesses of the Canadian psyche. It examines the highlights of more than a century of Canadian horror filmmaking and includes an extensive filmography to guide both scholars and enthusiasts alike through this treacherous terrain.
The Canadian Kings of Repertoire: The Story of the Marks Brothers
by Michael V. TaylorThe Marks Brothers may well have been the most remarkable theatrical family in Canadian history. A phenomenon on the vaudeville circuit, the seven brothers left the farm and took to the boards and the footlights throughout the latter part of the 19th century and into the 1920s. The brothers from Christie Lake, near Perth in Eastern Ontario, played to an estimated eight million Canadians, as well as to sizeable audiences in the United States. Their road shows, largely melodramas and comedy, kept audiences crying, booing, laughing and cheering until movies sounded the death knell for touring repertory companies. The publication of The Canadian Kings of Repertoire brings back for one more curtain call the seven Marks boys, top hats, diamond rings and all. Joining them in a farewell performance are their glamorous leading ladies and a superb cast of supporting players. So clear the aisles and up with the curtain. It’s showtime once more.
The Candidate: Fear and Loathing on the Campaign Trail
by Noah RichlerA comical and revealing account of what it's like to run for office with no political experience, little money and only a faint hope of winning, told first-hand by celebrated writer Noah Richler.During the 2015 federal election, approximately 1200 political campaigns were held across Canada. One of those campaigns belonged to author, journalist and political neophyte Noah Richler. Recruited by the NDP to run in the bellwether riding of Toronto-St Paul's, he was handed $350 and told he would lose. But as veteran NDP activists and social-media-savvy newbies joined his campaign, Richler found himself increasingly insulated from the stark reality that his campaign was flailing, imagining instead that he was headed to Parliament Hill. In The Candidate, Richler recounts his time on the trail in sizzling detail and hilarious frankness, from door knocking in Little Jamaica to being internet-shamed by experienced opponents. The Candidate lays bare what goes on behind the slogans, canvassing and talking points, told from the perspective of a political outsider. With his signature wit and probing eye, Noah Richler's chronicle of running for office is insightful, brutally honest and devastatingly funny.
The Candlelight Murders: The Victorian Murder Mystery Series: 1 (The Victorian Murder Mystery Series #1)
by Gyles Brandreth'As good as Sherlock!!' Reader review ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐'Just so entertaining to read!' Reader review ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐'What joy! What a mystery! What a tale!' Reader review ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐As his eyes adjusted to the gloom of the attic, he saw by the light of guttering candles, stretched out on the floor before him, the body of a young man, his throat cut from ear to ear . . . London, 1889: Famous writer Oscar Wilde is the toast of London town. But when the body of a young man of his acquaintance is found in a dark attic room, surrounded by candles, he knows he can't rest until the killer is behind bars. Appealing to fellow author Arthur Conan Doyle, creator of the great Sherlock Holmes, the pair set out to solve the crime.But unravelling a real-life plot is very different to writing one. Can Wilde and Doyle outsmart the murderer hiding in the shadows, before it's too late? A wonderfully witty and gripping cosy historical mystery to transport you to the grand drawing rooms and back alleys of London. Perfect for fans of Sherlock Holmes, Agatha Christie and Richard Osman. Readers love The Candlelight Murders: 'I devoured this book in mere days and immediately moved on to the second in the series' Reader review ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐'Exciting, fast paced, at times humorous and with a dramatic denouement at the finish just like any good murder mystery . . . A great read' Reader review ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐'Entertaining, charming and evocative' Reader review ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐'This series is just what I needed; immersive, funny, clever, educational, and easy to read in the best of ways' Reader review ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐'If you are a fan of Sherlock Holmes and of Oscar Wilde, this is the book for you . . . Wonderful . . . The mystery itself is intriguing and the answer is shocking' Reader review ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
The Candlemaker's Companion: A Complete Guide to Rolling, Pouring, Dipping, and Decorating Your Own Candles
by Betty OppenheimerEnjoy some homemade glow. From wax to wick to wrapping, The Candlemaker’s Companion is a definitive guide to modern candle making. Learn how to create rolled, poured, molded, and dipped candles; play with your favorite scents and colors; and use specialty techniques to design glowing luminaria, candle holders, and other gorgeous accessories. With illustrated directions, complete source lists, and plenty of practical advice, Betty Oppenheimer invites even the beginner candlemaker to get in on the action. Fill your house with the warm light and enticing fragrances that only candles can bring.
The Caner's Handbook: Restoring Cane, Rush, Splint, Danish Cord, Rawhide, and Wicker Furniture
by Jim Widess Bruce W. MillerSince original publication in 1983 (Van Nostrand Reinhold, hardcover), has sold 100,000 copies.
The Cannabis Spa at Home: How to Make Marijuana-Infused Lotions, Massage Oils, Ointments, Bath Salts, Spa Nosh, and More
by Sandra HinchliffeThe First Book to Bring Together Spa, Cannabis, and Herbal Healing The Cannabis Spa at Home contains more than seventy-five cannabis spa recipes free of preservatives and major allergens that can be prepared in the home kitchen or professional spa with wholesome herbal ingredients. Cannabis spa isn’t new--cannabis has been used for thousands of years for external use in the traditional health practices of Eastern cultures. In locations where cannabis has renewed legal status today, cannabis spa potions such as lotions, salves, poultices, scrubs, and baths are being rediscovered as a healthy alternative for managing pain, soothing irritated skin, and enhancing the spa experience. In The Cannabis Spa at Home, you’ll discover which spa preparations provide local healing--and which have potential for a more euphoric experience. You’ll also learn how to make: Refrigerated and shelf-stable cannabis lotions, creams, balms, and masks Emulsions, cannabis base oils, cannabis herbal poultices, aromatherapy essence water, cannabis bath salts, and foot and hand soaks Edible treats such as luscious spa nosh, hemp smoothies, and cannabis bhang
The Canon Camera Hackers Manual
by Berthold DaumThe book addresses "geeky" owners of Canon consumer cameras who would like to explore the possibilities of their cameras, and eventually tweak them to do things way beyond their original specifications, such as - RAW file (or DNG) support in addition to the camera's JPEG output - Manual control for aperture, shutter speed, and ISO - Expand shutter speeds way beyond the specification limits - Enable bracketing The hacks are based on the Canon Hack Development Kit (CHDK), a free software maintained by a group of enthusiasts. Many scripts are already published on the web. The book teaches how to use existing scripts and how to write new ones. Canon cameras, especially their consumer lines of PowerShot/IXUS cameras, allow the user to temporarily upload so called add-ons into the camera through the memory card. The next time the camara is switched on, the add-on is active, when the camera is switched off, the camera returns to its original state, so there is no risk of loosing the manufacturers warranty.
The Canon EOS Digital Rebel T1i/500D Companion: Practical Photography Advice You Can Take Anywhere
by Ben LongThrough easy-to-follow lessons, this handy book offers a complete class on digital photography, tailored specifically for people who use the Canon EOS Digital Rebel T1i/500D. This is not your typical camera guide: rather than just show you what all the buttons do, it teaches you how to use the Digital Rebel's features to make great photographs -- including professional-looking images of people, landscapes, action shots, close-ups, night shots, HD video, and more. With Ben Long's creative tips and technical advice, you have the perfect, camera-bag-friendly reference that will help you capture stunning pictures anywhere, anytime. The Canon EOS Digital Rebel T1i/500D Companion will show you how to:Take creative control and go beyond automatic settings Learn the basic rules of composition Capture decisive moments, including fast-moving objects Discover ways to use a flash indoors and outdoors Learn about different lenses, and the best time to use them Understand the options for shooting RAW, and whether it's right for you Use the Digital Rebel's ability to shoot high definition video
The Canon EOS Digital Rebel XS/1000D Companion: Practical Photography Advice You Can Take Anywhere
by Ben LongThrough several easy-to-follow lessons, this handy book offers a complete class on digital photography, tailored specifically for people who use the Canon EOS Digital Rebel XS/1000D. This is not your typical camera guide: rather than just show you what all the buttons do, this book teaches you how to use various Digital Rebel XS/1000D features to make great photographs -- including professional-looking images of people, landscapes, action shots, close-ups, night shots, and more. The Canon EOS Digital Rebel XS/1000D Companion is the perfect reference for your camera bag. Written by professional photographer Ben Long, it's packed with creative tips and technical advice to help you capture stunning pictures anywhere, anytime. With this book, you'll learn how to: Take creative control and go beyond automatic settings Learn the basic rules of composition Capture decisive moments, including fast-moving objects Discover ways to use a flash indoors and outdoors Learn about different lenses, and the best time to use them Understand the options for shooting RAW, and whether it's right for you There are plenty of photography books, but only this one teaches you how to take high-quality digital photos using the exact camera model you own. Plenty of full-color examples show you what's possible once you graduate from snapshots and focus on the pictures you really want to take.
The Canon in Contemporary Theatre: Plays by Shakespeare, Ibsen, and Brecht in Contemporary Directors’ Theatre (ISSN)
by Lars Harald MaagerøThis book explores the relationship between contemporary theatre, particularly contemporary theatre directors, and the dramatic canon of plays.Through focusing on productions of plays by three canonical playwrights (Shakespeare, Ibsen, and Brecht) by eight contemporary European directors (Michael Buffong, Joe Hill-Gibbins, and Emma Rice from the UK, Christopher Rüping from Germany, Thorleifur Örn Arnarsson from Iceland, and Kjeriski Hom, Alexander Mørk-Eidem, and Sigrid Strøm Reibo from Norway) the book investigates why and how the theatre continues to engage with canonical plays. In particular, the book questions the political and cultural implications of theatrical reproductions of the literary canon. Drawing on Chantal Mouffe’s theories of agonism and ‘critical art,’ the book investigates whether theatrical reproduction of the canon always reconstitutes the hegemonic values and ideologies of the canon, or whether theatrical interventions in the canon can challenge such values and ideologies, and thereby also challenge the dominant ideologies and hegemonies of contemporary culture and society.This study will be of great interest to academics and students in drama and theatre, particularly those who work with theatre in the twenty-first century, directors’ theatre, and the political impact of theatre.
The Cape May Navy: Delaware Bay Privateers in the American Revolution
by J.P. Hand Daniel P. StitesThe Delaware Bay during the Revolutionary War was vital for trade and home to a host of armed conflicts between British vessels and American privateers. Cape May County captains in their light, fast vessels captured dozens of British merchant ships off the Atlantic coast. At the Battle of Delaware Bay, Lieutenant Joshua Barney aboard the Hyder Ally overcame massive odds and defeated the British warship General Monk. Colonel Elijah Hand, local hero of the skirmish at Quinton's Bridge, took his military talents to the seas, where he dueled with Tory privateers. Still in his twenties, Yelverton Taylor captured the Triton with hundreds of Hessian soldiers on board. Authors James P. Hand and Daniel P. Stites chart the exciting history of the Cape May Navy in the War for Independence.
The Capitals of the Confederacy: A History (Civil War Ser.)
by Michael C. Hardy&“A handy, all-in-one reference on the Confederate capitals . . . Rich details and effective anecdotes . . . evok[e] a real sense of the people, places, and events&” (The Civil War Monitor). The Confederate States of America boasted five capital cities in four years. The center of the Confederate government moved from one Southern city to another, including Montgomery, Richmond, Danville, Greensboro, and Charlotte. From the heady early days of the new country to the dismal last hours of a transient government, each city played a role in the Confederate story. While some of these sites are commemorated with impressive monuments and museums, others offer scant evidence of their importance in Civil War history. Join award-winning historian Michael C. Hardy as he recounts the harrowing history of the capitals of the Confederacy. Includes photos!
The Capsule Wardrobe: 1,000 Outfits from 30 Pieces
by Wendy MakDe-clutter your closet, maximize your fashion choices, and reinvent your own personal style.Cluttered closets create cluttered lives. Too often we are left rummaging around an overflowing wardrobe, ironically at a loss for what to wear. However, owning a capsule wardrobe, which consists of a limited amount of clothing, will-believe it or not-set you free!The Capsule Wardrobe introduces thirty wardrobe essentials-tops, bottoms, footwear, and accessories-that will create the ultimate mix-and-match wardrobe for the working woman. Professional stylist Wendy Mak instructs readers on how to use different pieces together to achieve one thousand different unique looks from work to weekend. Learn to: Curate and build a true mix-and-match wardrobe Create unique everyday looks specific to body type Pick the right pieces to stretch your fashion dollar Transition from the office to after dark in a flash Reduce fashion mistakes and impulse buying And more!With detailed descriptions and illustrations of each of the thirty pieces, plus a list of all one thousand outfits in a handy table, The Capsule Wardrobe will revitalize the way you use your closet, make dressing easy and worry-free, and help you reinvent your personal style.
The Caravaggio Conspiracy
by Alex ConnorWhen the bodies of twin brothers, both successful art dealers, are found stripped naked, necks bound with wire and legs obscenely contorted, their brutal murders are linked to the mysterious disappearance of two paintings by the master Caravaggio. Investigators are confounded and it falls to art expert Gil Eckhart to find the killer before he slays again. As the search for clues takes him from the glamorous skyline of New York to the fetid catacombs of Palermo, Sicily, Eckhart traces the horrific truth behind Caravaggio's dark and bloody secrets, bringing them to life in the present, and finds that in the high-stakes world of art, good and evil are often tarred with the same, blood-soaked, brush.
The Card Catalog: Books, Cards, and Literary Treasures
by The Library of CongressFrom the archives of the Library of Congress: “An irresistible treasury for book and library lovers.” —Booklist (starred review)The Library of Congress brings book lovers an enriching tribute to the power of the written word and to the history of our most beloved books. Featuring more than two hundred full-color images of original catalog cards, first edition book covers, and photographs from the library’s magnificent archives, this collection is a visual celebration of the rarely seen treasures in one of the world’s most famous libraries and the brilliant catalog system that has kept it organized for hundreds of years. Packed with engaging facts on literary classics—from Ulysses to The Cat in the Hat to Shakespeare’s First Folio to The Catcher in the Rye—this is an ode to the enduring magic and importance of books.“The Card Catalog is many things: a lucid overview of the history of bibliographic practices, a paean to the Library of Congress, a memento of the cherished card catalogs of yore, and an illustrated collection of bookish trivia . . . . The illustrations are amazing: luscious reproductions of dozens of cards, lists, covers, title pages, and other images guaranteed to bring a wistful gleam to the book nerd’s eye.” —The Washington Post
The Card: Collectors, Con Men, and the True Story of History's Most Desired Baseball Card
by Teri Thompson Michael O'KeeffeSince its limited release just after the turn of the twentieth century, this American Tobacco cigarette card has beguiled and bedeviled collectors. First identified as valuable in the 1930s, when the whole notion of card collecting was still young, the T206 Wagner has remained the big score for collectors who have scoured card shows, flea markets, estate sales, and auctions for the portrait of baseball's greatest shortstop. Only a few dozen T206 Wagners are known to still exist. Most, with their creases, stains, and dog-eared corners, look worn and tattered, like they've been around for almost a century. But one—The Card—appears to have defied the travails of time. Thanks to its sharp corners and its crisp portrait of Honus Wagner, The Card has become the most famous and desired baseball card in the world.Over the decades, as The Card has changed hands, its value has skyrocketed. It was initially sold for $25,000 by a small card shop in a nondescript strip mall. Years later, hockey great Wayne Gretzky bought it at the venerable Sotheby's auction house for $451,000. Then, more recently, it sold for $1.27 million on eBay. Today worth over $2 million, it has transformed a sleepy hobby into a billion-dollar industry that is at times as lawless as the Wild West. The Card has made men wealthy, certainly, but it has also poisoned lifelong friendships and is fraught with controversy—from its uncertain origins and the persistent questions about its provenance to the possibility that it is not exactly as it seems. Now for the first time, award-winning investigative reporters Michael O'Keeffe and Teri Thompson follow the trail of The Card from a Florida flea market to the hands of the world's most prominent collectors. They delve into a world of counterfeiters and con men and look at the people who profit from what used to be a kids' pastime, as they bring to light ongoing investigations into sports collectibles. O'Keeffe and Thompson also examine the life of the great Honus Wagner, a ballplayer whose accomplishments have been eclipsed by his trading card, and the strange and fascinating subculture of sports memorabilia and its astonishing decline.Intriguing and eye-opening, The Card is a ground-breaking look at a uniquely American hobby.
The Cards: The Evolution and Power of Tarot
by Patrick MailleTarot cards have been around since the Renaissance and have become increasingly popular in recent years, often due to their prevalence in popular culture. While Tarot means many different things to many different people, the cards somehow strike universal chords that can resonate through popular culture in the contexts of art, television, movies, even comic books. The symbolism within the cards, and the cards as symbols themselves, make Tarot an excellent device for the media of popular culture in numerous ways. They make horror movies scarier. They make paintings more provocative. They provide illustrative structure to comics and can establish the traits of television characters. The Cards: The Evolution and Power of Tarot begins with an extensive review of the history of Tarot from its roots as a game to its supposed connection to ancient Egyptian magic, through its place in secret societies, and to its current use in meditation and psychology. This section ends with an examination of the people who make up today’s tarot community. Then, specific areas of popular culture—art, television, movies, and comics—are each given a chapter in which to survey the use of Tarot. In this section, author Patrick Maille analyzes such works as Deadpool, Books of Magic by Neil Gaiman, Disney's Haunted Mansion, Sherlock Holmes: Game of Shadows, The Andy Griffith Show, Buffy the Vampire Slayer, and King of the Hill. The cards are evocative images in their own right, but the mystical fascination they inspire makes them a fantastic tool to be used in our favorite shows and stories.
The Care of Fine Books (Lyons Press Ser.)
by Nick Lyons Nicholas A. Basbanes Jane GreenfieldThe Care of Fine Books is a thorough, readable guide to caring for books of value. From a discussion of the various techniques and materials used in bookbinding to advice on handling and storage, Jane Greenfield has created a succinct yet complete resource for anyone who wants to preserve and protect their fine books.Whether you are a collector, a librarian, or a conservation professional, you will benefit from this expert advice. Learn about appropriate levels of light, temperature, relative humidity, and pollution; how to secure a collection against fire, insect infestation, flood, and theft; and methods for cleaning and repairing books that have already been damaged. Always practical and amply illustrated, this is a must-have reference for anyone who loves fine books.
The Caribbean Coral Reef: A Record of an Ecosystem Under Threat
by William K. SaccoThis book is a visual tour of Caribbean coral reefs between 1968 and 1978. They are the world’s second largest coral reef community and the most threatened. The Caribbean Coral Reef: A Record of an Ecosystem Under Threat offers a priceless historical record made by a photographer who set out to document the major reef species when those reefs were at their prime. Today, coral reefs are under threat as never before and, sadly, most of what is shown in the book's photographs is now gone forever. It is only by comparing the images in this book with what we see now that we are able to fully recognize what we have lost. With its stunning photography and precise, accurate scientific information, this book offers students of coral reefs a wealth of information about this rich, fragile ecosystem. It is also written accessibly for non-academic visitors to the Caribbean reef or anyone interested in the earth’s creatures. Many of the invertebrates will be unfamiliar to most people, and the author reveals fascinating insights into these otherworldly creatures and their lifestyles. Enjoy this field guide to the reefs that were, and savor the beauty of this vanishing environment and its organisms.
The Carole: A Study Of A Medieval Dance
by Robert MullallyThe carole was the principal social dance in France and England from c. 1100 to c. 1400 and was frequently mentioned in French and English medieval literature. However, it has been widely misunderstood by contributors in recent citations in dictionaries and reference books, both linguistic and musical. The carole was performed by all classes of society - kings and nobles, shepherds and servant girls. It is described as taking place both indoors and outdoors. Its central position in the life of the people is underlined by references not only in what we might call fictional texts, but also in historical (or quasi-historical) writings, in moral treatises and even in a work on astronomy. Dr Robert Mullally's focus is very much on details relevant to the history, choreography and performance of the dance as revealed in the primary sources. This methodology involves attempting to isolate the term carole from other dance terms not only in French, but also in other languages. Mullally's groundbreaking study establishes all the characteristics of this dance: etymological, choreographical, lyrical, musical and iconographical.