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Corruption
by Nick Kochan Robin GoodyearConcerns about corruption have advanced rapidly up the list of priorities for companies throughout the world. Today, firms of every size are under particular pressure as the recently passed UK Bribery Act places some onerous obligations on their directors and employees. Now, for the first time, corporate strategy and responsibility have been analysed in the context of the new law, as well as that of previous statutes and the law of other countries. This book provides a clear and comprehensive introduction to the new legal and political landscape and examines future issues in compliance and enforcement. Corruption: The New Corporate Challenge surveys the roots of corruption, outlines worldwide efforts to combat the problem, and explores enforcement and policy choices for businesses faced with a new international environment that is ever more hostile to corruption Numerous case studies and practical compliance tips provide businesses with the knowledge needed to operate in high-risk industrial sectors and geographical regions. The authors have conducted extensive interviews with senior figures in law enforcement, academics and lawyers to explore likely developments in the law, and predict how it might be enforced. This book is essential reading not only for businesses that seek advice on tailoring compliance regimes but also for those wanting a deeper context to the global crackdown by governments and the courts on corruption. This is a subject that no corporation can avoid. The strongest response to the new challenge is for a company to re-evaluate its ethical standards and to impress those standards upon its employees and associates. Failure to do so could be very costly indeed.
Corruption Prevention and Governance in Hong Kong (Routledge Research in Public Administration and Public Policy)
by Ian Scott Ting GongThis book analyses central questions in the continuing debate about success factors in corruption prevention and the efficacy and value of anti-corruption agencies (ACAs). How do ACAs become valued within a polity? What challenges must they overcome? What conditions account for their success and failure? What contributions can corruption prevention make to good governance? And in what areas might they have little or no effect on the quality of governance? With these questions in mind, the authors examine the experience of Hong Kong’s Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC), widely regarded as one of the few successful examples of an ACA. The book is grounded in an analysis of ICAC documents and surveys, the authors’ survey of social attitudes towards corruption in Hong Kong, and interviews with former officials.
Corruption and Development
by Mark RobinsonThe problem of corruption is of central significance for the developmental prospects of poor countries. Corruption undermines development by siphoning off resources for infrastructures and public services and by weakening the legitimacy of the state. The volume will appeal to academics and policy-makers concerned with problems of governance and public management in developing countries, as well as specialists working on corruption and designing anti-corruption strategies.
Corruption and Economic Growth in Africa: The Impact on Development (Routledge Studies in Development Economics)
by David N. AbdulaiCorruption is one of the major challenges impeding Africa’s growth and development efforts and its impact is much more pronounced at this point of the continent’s development trajectory. Corruption has political, economic, and social consequences and this book argues that any efforts to help Africa grow and develop must prioritise the fight against it, so that the aid and funding given for projects in the region can continue to be sustained. The book also tackles the issue of national security and instability caused by corruption. The author argues that progress cannot happen in countries and environments where instability exists and persists. Corruption in Africa has contributed to instability and other national security challenges, especially in fragile states on the continent. The book starts by looking at the three major types of corruption: petty, grand, and systemic and then goes on to address the different categories of corruption such as bureaucratic, legislative, political, as well as public and private sector aspects. It also deals with common forms of corruption as well as some of the causes, such as bad governance and excessive greed, to mention a few. Further, it critically examines how current political systems on the continent contribute to this condition. The book argues that some of the solutions that have been proposed to date are not viable or have not worked in practice, and through applied research, offers workable solutions that policy makers, African politicians, academics, and students of economics and development can use as a reference guide in the fight against corruption.
Corruption and Economic Growth in Africa: The Impact on Development (Routledge Studies in Development Economics)
by David N. AbdulaiCorruption is one of the major challenges impeding Africa’s growth and development efforts and its impact is much more pronounced at this point of the continent’s development trajectory. Corruption has political, economic, and social consequences and this book argues that any efforts to help Africa grow and develop must prioritise the fight against it, so that the aid and funding given for projects in the region can continue to be sustained. The book also tackles the issue of national security and instability caused by corruption. The author argues that progress cannot happen in countries and environments where instability exists and persists. Corruption in Africa has contributed to instability and other national security challenges, especially in fragile states on the continent.The book starts by looking at the three major types of corruption: petty, grand, and systemic and then goes on to address the different categories of corruption such as bureaucratic, legislative, political, as well as public and private sector aspects. It also deals with common forms of corruption as well as some of the causes, such as bad governance and excessive greed, to mention a few. Further, it critically examines how current political systems on the continent contribute to this condition.The book argues that some of the solutions that have been proposed to date are not viable or have not worked in practice, and through applied research, offers workable solutions that policy makers, African politicians, academics, and students of economics and development can use as a reference guide in the fight against corruption.
Corruption and Entrepreneurship: Testing the Theory of Planned Behavior (Routledge Studies in Entrepreneurship)
by Mohammad HeydariThis book examines corruption as a collective behavior problem for entrepreneurs. In particular, it considers Azjen’s theory of planned behavior (TPB) to explain perceived corruption and its effects on entrepreneurship.Heydari argues that behavioral intentions are shaped by variables such as attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control. He proposes the novel Heydari Behavioral Synthesis Theory (HBST) model and applies it to two case studies to highlight the institutional, individual and societal factors that may inhibit entrepreneurial behavior. He concludes that corruption may persist not just because of difficulties in monitoring and prosecuting, but because it is systemically pervasive and discourages individual countermeasures. He closes by looking at anti-corruption policies and outlining future research directions.Arguing that widespread corruption may be theoretically mischaracterized in the literature, this book is of interest to policy-makers, researchers and postgraduate students in the fields of management science, industrial and organizational psychology, entrepreneurship and corruption studies.
Corruption and Fraud in Financial Markets: Malpractice, Misconduct and Manipulation
by Carol Alexander Douglas CummingIdentifying malpractice and misconduct should be top priority for financial risk managers today Corruption and Fraud in Financial Markets identifies potential issues surrounding all types of fraud, misconduct, price/volume manipulation and other forms of malpractice. Chapters cover detection, prevention and regulation of corruption and fraud within different financial markets. Written by experts at the forefront of finance and risk management, this book details the many practices that bring potentially devastating consequences, including insider trading, bribery, false disclosure, frontrunning, options backdating, and improper execution or broker-agency relationships. Informed but corrupt traders manipulate prices in dark pools run by investment banks, using anonymous deals to move prices in their own favour, extracting value from ordinary investors time and time again. Strategies such as wash, ladder and spoofing trades are rife, even on regulated exchanges – and in unregulated cryptocurrency exchanges one can even see these manipulative quotes happening real-time in the limit order book. More generally, financial market misconduct and fraud affects about 15 percent of publicly listed companies each year and the resulting fines can devastate an organisation's budget and initiate a tailspin from which it may never recover. This book gives you a deeper understanding of all these issues to help prevent you and your company from falling victim to unethical practices. Learn about the different types of corruption and fraud and where they may be hiding in your organisation Identify improper relationships and conflicts of interest before they become a problem Understand the regulations surrounding market misconduct, and how they affect your firm Prevent budget-breaking fines and other potentially catastrophic consequences Since the LIBOR scandal, many major banks have been fined billions of dollars for manipulation of prices, exchange rates and interest rates. Headline cases aside, misconduct and fraud is uncomfortably prevalent in a large number of financial firms; it can exist in a wide variety of forms, with practices in multiple departments, making self-governance complex. Corruption and Fraud in Financial Markets is a comprehensive guide to identifying and stopping potential problems before they reach the level of finable misconduct.
Corruption and Fraud in Investment Arbitration: Procedural and Substantive Challenges (European Yearbook of International Economic Law #22)
by Adilbek TussupovThis book offers an exciting overview of how the investor-state dispute settlement mechanism currently deals with allegations and/or evidence of fraud and corruption. It provides a detailed analysis of the legal framework under which arbitral tribunals usually operate in investment disputes involving allegations of illegality. Readers will find step-by-step examinations of the corruption and fraud arguments employed by arbitral tribunals in ten landmark ISDS cases, followed by a chapter summarizing the status quo on the topic. The final part of the book discusses the identified challenges of addressing illegality issues in investment arbitration and potential solutions, including the creation of a multilateral investment court.
Corruption and Illegality in Asian Investment Arbitration (Asia in Transition #22)
by Luke Nottage Bruno Jetin Nobumichi TeramuraThis open access book explores Asian approaches towards investment arbitration—a transnational procedure to resolve disputes between a foreign investor and a host state—setting it in the wider political economy and within domestic law contexts. It considers the extent to which significant states in Asia are, or could become, “rule makers” rather than “rule takers” regarding corruption and serious illegality in investor-state arbitration. Corruption and illegality in international investment are widely condemned in any society, but there remains a lack of consensus on the consequences, especially in investment arbitration. A core issue addressed is whether a foreign investor violating a host state’s law should be awarded protection of its investment, as per its contract with the host state and/or the applicable investment or trade agreement between the home state and the host state. Some suggest such protection would be unnecessary as the investor committed a crime in the host state, while others attempt to establish an equilibrium between the investor and the host state. Others claim to protect investment, invoking the sanctity of promises made. The book starts with a deep dive into economic and legal issues in corruption and investment arbitration and then explores the situation and issues in major countries in the region in detail. It is a useful reference point for lawyers, economists, investors, and government officials who are seeking comprehensive and up-to-date information on anti-bribery rules in Asian investment treaties. It is of particular interest to students and researchers in economics, finance, and law, who are undertaking new research relating to the multifaceted impacts of corruption.
Corruption and Post-Conflict Peacebuilding: Selling the Peace? (Cass Series on Peacekeeping)
by Dominik Zaum Christine S. ChengThis edited volume explores and evaluates the roles of corruption in post-conflict peacebuilding. The problem of corruption has become increasingly important in war to peace transitions, eroding confidence in new democratic institutions, undermining economic development, diverting scarce public resources, and reducing the delivery of vital social services. Conflict-affected countries offer an ideal environment for pervasive corruption. Their weak administrative institutions and fragile legal and judicial systems mean that they lack the capacity to effectively investigate and punish corrupt behaviour. In addition, the sudden inflow of donor aid into post-conflict countries and the desire of peacebuilding actors (including the UN, the international financial institutions, aid agencies, and non-governmental organisations) to disburse these funds quickly, create incentives and opportunities for corruption. While corruption imposes costs and compromises on peacebuilding efforts, opportunities for exploiting public office can also be used to entice armed groups into signing peace agreements, thus stabilising post-war environments. This book explores the different functions of corruption both conceptually and through the lens of a wide range of case studies. It also examines the impact of key anti-corruption policies on peacebuilding environments. The dynamics that shape the relationship between corruption and the political and economic developments in post-conflict countries are complex. This analysis highlights that fighting corruption is only one of several important peacebuilding objectives, and that due consideration must be given to the specific social and political context in considering how a sustainable peace can be achieved. This book will be of great interest to students of peacekeeping and peacebuilding, criminology, political economy, war and conflict studies, international security and IR.
Corruption and Public Administration: The Italian Case in a Comparative Perspective
by Francesco MerloniCorruption and Public Administration looks at public sector organizations and what they have achieved since signing the UN Convention Against Corruption (UNCAC) Agreement in Merida in 2004. It examines how the signee countries engaged in the set-up of institutions to contain corruption in public administration, and how these governments and institutions have progressed. The book compares several developed countries, and undertakes an especially detailed examination of Italy. It highlights strengths and weaknesses, and proposes organizational means of addressing the issues, which include diversity in organizational structures and systems, and a focus on prevention rather than repression. The book shines a light on anti-corruption practices and aims to foster open discussion about this pressing topical issue among peers in all relevant fields of the social sciences.
Corruption and the Lava Jato Scandal in Latin America (Routledge Corruption and Anti-Corruption Studies)
by Jan Svejnar Paul F. LagunesCorruption and the Lava Jato Scandal in Latin America brings together key international and interdisciplinary perspectives to shine new light on Lava Jato, or Operation Car Wash, Latin America’s largest corruption scandal to date. Since 2014, this scandal has unfolded in surprising ways to expose collusion between construction companies and state officials in Brazil and 11 other countries. The corruption uncovered amounts in the order of hundreds of millions of dollars in bribes and billions of dollars in stolen state funds. The volume features evidence that the main construction company at the center of the scandal was—apparently—deliberate about seeking business in corrupt markets. It also evaluates the ambiguous role played by the media, whose members often relied uncritically on classified information released by the authorities. The volume further contributes to our understanding with studies on a number of other relevant topics, including: the overlap between corruption and the planning of the Rio Olympics; Mexico and Peru’s contrasting responses to Lava Jato; the policy reforms needed to avoid a similar scandal in the future; and the roadmap for how Lava Jato should end. Across 15 chapters by leading and emerging scholars and practitioners, this book engages with these issues from a balanced and unbiased perspective, including interviews with key stakeholders on both sides of the case. As one of the first book-length studies to deal with Lava Jato in the English language, this ground-breaking volume is a compelling reading for advanced students and researchers in areas including Corruption Studies, Public Ethics, Political Science, and Latin American Studies, as well as for practitioners working to make governments more accountable.
Corruption and the Management of Public Safety: The Governance of Technological Systems (ISSN)
by Simon Ashley BennettGraft is a common and persistent social pathogen that afflicts the developed and developing world in equal measure. This book describes, through the medium of international case studies, how graft undermines public safety and how, following a near-miss, incident or accident, investigators can use actor-network theory (ANT) to ascertain to what degree and through what mechanisms graft contributed to the event.The book introduces the reader to graft through a variety of case studies and explains how graft works against the public interest. The relatable case studies include the 1989 Hillsborough football stadium disaster, 2007 Adam Air crash, 2015-ongoing Volkswagen diesel emissions scandal and 2020 Beirut ammonium nitrate explosion (Lebanon). It demonstrates the threat graft poses to public safety, economic success and corporate and national reputation. By the end of the book the reader will understand the nature and extent of the problem of graft, how graft undermines safety, confidence and reputation, and how ANT can be used to identify and quantify graft in respect of the governance of technological systems and to ascertain to what degree and through what mechanisms graft contributed to a near-miss, incident or accident.Primarily aimed at an academic audience, this book will offer essential insights to students, researchers and faculty within the fields of risk, crisis and disaster management, as well as corporate governance and safety. The accessible nature of the book will also appeal to safety practitioners, risk managers and accident investigators.
Corruption and the Voter's Decision: Experimental Evidence from Brazil (Elements in Law, Economics and Politics)
by Miguel F. FigueiredoDespite voters' distaste for corruption, corrupt politicians frequently get reelected. This Element provides a framework for understanding when corrupt politicians are reelected. One unexplored source of electoral accountability is court rulings on candidate malfeasance, which are increasingly determining politicians' electoral prospects. The findings suggest that (1) low-income voters – in contrast to higher-income voters – are responsive to such rulings. Unlike earlier studies, we explore multiple trade-offs voters weigh when confronting corrupt candidates, including the candidate's party, policy positions, and personal attributes. The results also surprisingly show (2) low-income voters, like higher-income voters, weigh corruption allegations and policy positions similarly, and are slightly more responsive to candidate attributes. Moreover, irrespective of voter income, (3) party labels insulate candidates from corruption, and (4) candidate attributes like gender have little effect. The results have implications for when voters punish corrupt politicians, the success of anti-corruption campaigns, and the design and legitimacy of electoral institutions.
Corruption as a Last Resort: Adapting to the Market in Central Asia
by Kelly M. McmannWhy do ordinary people engage in corruption? Kelly M. McMann contends that bureaucrats, poverty, and culture do not force individuals in Central Asia to pay bribes, use connections, or sell political support. Rather, corruption is a last resort when relatives, groups in society, the market, and formal government programs cannot provide essential goods and services. Using evidence from her long-term research in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, McMann shows that Islamic institutions, secular charities, entrepreneurs, and banks cannot provide the jobs and credit people need. This drives individuals to illicitly seek employment and loans from government officials. A leading cause of this resource scarcity is market reform, as demonstrated by McMann's analysis of these countries as well as of Uzbekistan and global data. Market reform without supporting institutions, such as credit registries and antimonopoly measures, limits the resources available from the market and societal groups. McMann finds that in these circumstances only those individuals who have affluent relatives have an alternative to corruption.By focusing on ordinary people, McMann offers a new understanding of corruption. Previously, our knowledge was largely restricted to government officials’ role in illicit exchanges. From her novel approach comes a useful policy insight: supplying ordinary people with alternatives to corruption is a fundamental and important anticorruption strategy.
Corruption in Developing Countries (Routledge Library Editions: Development)
by Ronald Wraith Edgar SimpkinsFirst published in 1963, this study of corruption in the developing countries of Africa takes as its point of comparison Britain, pre-1880, as the authors question whether Britain’s experience in overcoming corruption can throw any light the means of overcoming corruption in contemporary developing countries.
Corruption in Germany
by Jonathan Schlefer Rawi Abdelal Rafael Di TellaWhy do managers become corrupt? Does corruption ever pay? When do friendly relations cross into bribery? How can CEOs manage and prevent outbreaks of corruption? These and other questions are raised by three short case studies of corruption in Germany: at the global engineering firm Siemens, the automaker VW, and the chemical giant BASF. While German law not only permitted overseas bribery but even made it tax deductible until 1999, it was not welcomed in some nations where Siemens did business such as the United States-or in Germany after 2000-but old practices continued. Cooperative management-labor relations, often seen as key to the post-World War II German industrial powerhouse, went sour at VW, as a top manager secured key concessions by paying for union leaders' lavish foreign travel and visits to prostitutes. After vitamin prices sagged in the late 1980s, BASF and the Swiss chemical firm Hoffmann-La Roche plotted a global cartel that lasted a decade and raised the prices of many vitamins 50 percent or more. In the end, even after record criminal fines and jail time for some executives, some observers argued, such practices were likely to recur.
Corruption in Infrastructure Procurement: Addressing the Dynamic Criticalities (Spon Research)
by Albert P.C. Chan Emmanuel Kingsford OwusuThis book presents an extensive study on the extant constructs of corruption in infrastructure-related projects and aims to contribute to the determination and elimination of its incidence and prevalence in infrastructure projects. The book conducts a comprehensive examination of the various determining factors of corruption that negatively affect the procurement process and, in the end, result in cost and time overruns. The authors present an in-depth understanding of how the identified determining factors of corruption can be addressed. Thus, it is intended to broaden the reader's knowledge of the causes, risk indicators, and different forms of corrupt practices in the procurement process of infrastructure works, before explaining how they affect its stages and activities A dynamic model is developed to demonstrate how to tackle the overall impact of corruption within the procurement process and, at the same time, increase the effectiveness of the extant anti-corruption measures. In short, this book demonstrates that the fight against corruption in the procurement process is strategically feasible and must continue. This book is essential reading for academics, researchers, professionals and stakeholders in the procurement of infrastructure projects and civil works, as well as those with an interest in corruption, construction management and construction project management.
Corruption in International Business: The Challenge of Cultural and Legal Diversity (Corporate Social Responsibility)
by Sharon EicherIt is common practice to assume that business practices are universally similar. Business and social attitudes to corruption, however, vary according to the wide variety of cultural norms across the countries of the world. International business involves complex, ethically challenging, and sometimes threatening, dilemmas that can involve political and personal agendas. Corruption in International Business presents a broad range of perspectives on how corruption can be defined; the responsibilities of those working for publicly traded companies to their shareholders; and the positive influences that corporations can have upon combating international corruption. The authors differentiate between public and private sector corruption and explore the implications of both, as well as methods for qualifying and quantifying corruption and the challenges facing policy makers, legal systems, corporations, and NGOs, as they seek to mitigate the effects of corruption and enable cultural and social change.
Corruption in Latin America
by David Arellano-GaultIn Corruption in Latin America the reader is presented with an alternative starting point for understanding corruption in this key region. The author asserts that corruption is a stable and rational social and organizational mechanism. Seen through this lens, we can begin to understand why it persists, and how to implement strategies to control corruption effectively. Beginning with an in-depth, nuanced examination of the concept of corruption, the author establishes the theoretical basis for viewing corruption as a social construct. An analysis of the experiences of four countries in the region – Argentina, Brazil, Guatemala and Mexico – provides the reader with concrete data from which they can understand how and why these behaviors are reproduced, validated, and tolerated in everyday settings between governments and citizens, governments and firms, and firms and clients. Once we see corruption as the socially sanctioned norm for getting business done, we can begin to produce and propose effective solutions to reduce corruption in Latin America by designing and implementing instruments that transform this dynamic. This rigorous and original approach will challenge the reader’s assumptions about corruption, and will appeal to students of corporate governance, international business, public management, and business ethics.
Corruption in Sport: Causes, Consequences, and Reform (Routledge Research in Sport and Corruption)
by Lisa A. KihlCorruption in the sport industry is a pervasive issue that threatens the integrity of sport as an institution. From doping and match-fixing to money laundering, corruption should be a concern to anybody interested in sport policy, management, governance, or ethics. This is the first book to explore the complexity of sport corruption in terms of its conceptualisation, causes, consequences, and reform. The first part looks at the concept of sport corruption, while the second examines the causes of sport corruption from individual, organisational, industry-wide, and longitudinal viewpoints. The third part discussed is the consequences of sport corruption and its impact on the global sport industry. Various approaches to regulatory reform are considered in the next part, as well as the challenges of combatting corruption in the sport industry. The final part assesses the current state of literature in this area and suggests opportunities for future research. Drawing on multidisciplinary case studies from across the world, this is a seminal contribution to the academic study of corruption in sport. It is important reading for all students and scholars of sport management, business, criminology, and law.
Corruption in the Global Era: Causes, Sources and Forms of Manifestation (The Law of Financial Crime)
by Nicholas Ryder Lorenzo PasculliCorruption is a globalising phenomenon. Not only is it rapidly expanding globally but, more significantly, its causes, its means and forms of perpetration and its effects are more and more rooted in the many developments of globalisation. The Panama Papers, the FIFA scandals and the Petrobras case in Brazil are just a few examples of the rapid and alarming globalisation of corrupt practices in recent years. The lack of empirical evidence on corrupt schemes and a still imperfect dialogue between different disciplinary areas and between academic and practitioners hinder our knowledge of corruption as a global phenomenon and slow down the adoption of appropriate policy responses. Corruption in the Global Era seeks to establish an interdisciplinary dialogue between theory and practice and between different disciplines and to provide a better understanding of the multifaceted aspects of corruption as a global phenomenon. This book gathers top experts across various fields of both the academic and the professional world – including criminology, economics, finance, journalism, law, legal ethics and philosophy of law – to analyze the causes and the forms of manifestation of corruption in the global context and in various sectors (sports, health care, finance, the press etc.) from the most disparate perspectives. The theoretical frameworks elaborated by academics are here complemented by precious insider accounts on corruption in different areas, such as banking and finance and the press. The expanding links between corrupt practices and other global crimes, such as money laundering, fraud and human trafficking, are also explored. This book is an important resource to researchers, academics and students in the fields of law, criminology, sociology, economics and ethics, as well as professionals, particularly solicitors, barristers, businessmen and public servants.
Corruption in the MENA Region: Beyond Uprisings (Political Corruption and Governance)
by Dina ElsayedThis book explores the causes of corruption in the Middle East and North Africa through a systematic cross-national comparative analysis of fifteen countries in the region. It aims to explain causal relationships between corruption and differences in political and socio-economic dimensions within these different countries over the period 1999-2010. The countries are grouped together into three sub-regions (the Gulf region, North Africa, and Mashreq plus Yemen). The author finds that the main variables that showed robustness in impacting the intensity of corruption are the rule of law, quality of regulations, and trade openness. Poverty rates and income inequality have been clear triggers for petty corruption. Meanwhile, natural resources endowments have shown less of an impact on the levels of corruption, and similarly women's empowerment has not been found to be a strong indicator.
Corruption in the Public Construction Sector: A Holistic View
by Yi Hu Ming Shan Yun Le Albert P.C. ChanThis book is committed to provide a holistic view of corruption in the public construction sector, a sector that has been perceived as the most corrupt in the world. Relying on the new findings achieved from a series of qualitative and quantitative studies, this book unveils the specific forms of corruption, the principal causes of corruption, and the prevailing anti-corruption strategies that are used by the current practice. Furthermore, this book provides two metrics that can assess the potential of corruption and the risk of collusion in given public construction projects, respectively. This book will enhance industry and research communities’ understandings of corruption in the public construction sector. It is also informative to policy-makers and can help them come up with some more effective strategies to eliminate corruption in the public construction sector.