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The Cost of Accidents
by Guido CalabresiAccident law is currently under review throughout the United States, and indeed the world, as present systems prove increasingly inadequate to handle the mounting costs of automobile accidents. In this pioneering work, Guido Calabresi develops a framework for evaluating different systems of accident law. Defining the goal of accident law as the maximum reduction of accident and accident avoidance costs that can be achieved fairly, he examines ten political and economic choices implied in various approaches to reducing these costs. Calabresi then considers two fundamental problems all systems of accident law must face: who should be held responsible for accident costs, and how should they be valued? He analyzes the fault-insurance system now widely used and finds it wanting on grounds both of cost reduction objectives and fairness. In conclusion, he discusses recent proposals for reform of the law, points out questions they raise, and ends by indicating the two he thinks most likely to prevail and the fundamental conflict between them."Calabresi's book is most significant for its first-rate combination of modern economic analysis and legal policy. The methodology and underlying principles extend far beyond the particular subject matter of accident law to many other legal areas that could benefit from economic analysis. In turn, some economic analyses may become the richer for the discussion in this book. It is truly one of those rare important volumes."-Gerald M Meier
The Cost of Bad Behavior
by Christine Porath Christine PearsonWhy incivility at work is a bigger problem than you suspect In an accessible and informative style, Pearson and Porath examine the toll that bad behavior can have on otherwise well-functioning companies. And they reveal strategies that successful organizations are using to stop incivility before it takes hold. Whether it's a standoffish coworker or an arrogant boss, incivility at the office doesn't just affect the moods of a few employees; it hurts an entire company. Consider these statistics: 12 percent of all employees say they've left jobs because they were treated badly. Fortune 1000 executives spend roughly seven weeks per year resolving employee conflicts. And an astonishing 95 percent of Americans say they've experienced rudeness at work. Christine Pearson and Christine Porath examine the devastating toll that bad behavior can have on otherwise well-functioning companies. Combining their own scientific research with stories from fields as diverse as criminology, education, and psychology, they show how to spot the roots of incivility, rip them out, and create a culture of respect. They urge managers to stop making excuses, set a zero-tolerance policy, and lead by example. Bestsellers like The No Asshole Rule and The Power of Nice have shown the hunger for more civility at work; now The Cost of Bad Behavior shows exactly what to do about it.
The Cost of Being Landlocked: Logistics, Costs, and Supply Chain Reliability
by Gaël Raballand Jean-François Marteau Jean-François Arvis'The Cost of Being Landlocked' proposes a new analytical framework to interpret and model the constraints faced by logistics chains on international trade corridors. The plight of landlocked developing countries (LLDCs) has naturally received special attention for decades, leading to a specific set of development priorities based upon the concept of dependence on the transit state. Therefore, the standard approach used to tackle the cost of being landlocked has been predominantly aimed at developing regional transport infrastructure and ensuring freedom of transit through regional conventions. But without sufficient attention given to the performance of logistics service delivery to traders, the standard approach is unable to address key bottleneck concerns and the factors that contribute to the cost of being landlocked. Consequently, the impact of massive investment on trade corridors could not materialize to its full extent. Based on extensive data collection in several regions of the world, this book argues that although landlocked developing countries do face high logistics costs, these costs are not a result of poor road infrastructure, since transport prices largely depend on trucking market structure and implementation of transit processes. This book suggests that high logistics costs in LLDCs are a result of low logistics reliability and predictability, which stem from rent-seeking and governance issues. 'The Cost of Being Landlocked' will serve as a useful guide for policy makers, supervisory authorities, and development agencies.
Cost of Capital
by Richard Brealey Roger J. Grabowski Shannon P. PrattA one-stop shop for background and current thinking on the development and uses of rates of return on capitalCompletely revised for this highly anticipated fifth edition, Cost of Capital contains expanded materials on estimating the basic building blocks of the cost of equity capital, the risk-free rate, and equity risk premium. There is also discussion of the volatility created by the financial crisis in 2008, the subsequent recession and uncertain recovery, and how those events have fundamentally changed how we need to interpret the inputs to the models we use to develop these estimates.The book includes new case studies providing comprehensive discussion of cost of capital estimates for valuing a business and damages calculations for small and medium-sized businesses, cross-referenced to the chapters covering the theory and data.Addresses equity risk premium and the risk-free rate, including the impact of Federal Reserve actionsExplores how to use Morningstar's Ibbotson and Duff Phelps Risk Premium Report dataDiscusses the global cost of capital estimation, including a new size study of European countriesCost of Capital, Fifth Edition puts an emphasis on practical application. To that end, this updated edition provides readers with exclusive access to a companion website filled with supplementary materials, allowing you to continue to learn in a hands-on fashion long after closing the book.
Cost of Capital at Ameritrade
by Erik Stafford Mark MitchellAmeritrade Holding Corp. is planning large marketing and technology investments to improve the company's competitive position in deep-discount brokerage by taking advantage of emerging economies of scale. In order to evaluate whether the strategy would generate sufficient future cash flows to merit the investment, Joe Ricketts, chairman and CEO of Ameritrade, needs an estimate of the project's cost of capital. There is considerable disagreement as to the correct cost of capital estimate. A research analyst pegs the cost of capital at 12%, the CFO of Ameritrade uses 15%, and some members of Ameritrade management believe that the borrowing rate of 9% is the rate by which to discount the future cash flows expected to result from the project. There is also disagreement as to the type of business that Ameritrade is in. Management insists that Ameritrade is a brokerage firm, whereas some research analysts and managers of other online brokerage firms suggest that Ameritrade is a technology/Internet firm. To obtain executable spreadsheets (courseware), please contact our customer service department at custserv@hbsp.harvard.edu.
Cost of Capital Fourth Edition Workbook and Technical Supplement
by Shannon P. Pratt Roger J. GrabowskiPraise for Fourth Edition of Cost of Capital Workbook and Technical Supplement "Pratt and Grabowski went the extra mile to supplement their magnum opus by providing this Workbook and Technical Supplement. As a finance professor for many years, I know from experience that students and teachers really value supplements to textbooks. It allows the teacher to help the student to review and apply what was presented in the text, and the PowerPoints are a great service to teachers in course preparation. The website provides various worksheets that show the inner workings of the models. I enthusiastically recommend the Workbook and Technical Supplement to finance professors and teachers and their students. -Daniel L. McConaughy, PhD, ASA, Professor of Finance, California State University, Northridge, Valuation Services, Crowe Horwath LLP "The Workbook and Technical Supplement provides a detailed tutorial on understanding and executing the theoretical concepts explained in the Fourth Edition. This supplement is three books in one. Part One is a step-by-step tutorial on estimating certain key components of the cost of equity capital. Part Two provides a bridge between the theory and some practical applications, such as estimating the cost of capital for real property. Parts Three and Four allow the readers to test their comprehension of the concepts and identify areas for a review. It is almost as good as having Professors Pratt and Grabowski looking over your shoulder to ensure that one is both comprehending and correctly implementing the complex concepts. . " -Ashok Abbott, PhD, Associate Professor of Finance, College of Business & Economics, West Virginia University "This text provides the most comprehensive coverage of cost of capital issues that I have seen to date. Messrs. Pratt and Grabowski have created a very accessible and lucid treatment of what most would consider an opaque subject. The Fourth Edition is especially important for its new topics as well as expanded coverage of concepts from earlier editions. Of particular interest is the review of the extreme market conditions during the 2008-2009 crisis and the effect that the unprecedented volatility had on traditional cost of capital models. For years, Pratt and Grabowski's research has informed the business valuation curriculum of the American Society of Appraisers. This book will be added to our reading list, and thousands of students worldwide will benefit from the state?of?the?art content of the Fourth Edition and the companion Workbook and Technical Supplement. Furthermore, Cost of Capital, Fourth Edition should be a mandatory part of every valuation practitioner's library. If you buy this book, you can expect it to become well worn and remain on your desk within arm's length until the publication of the Fifth Edition. " -John Barton, ASA, CPA, Chairman, Business Valuation Committee, ASA "Cost of capital is so much more complex than it used to be. With so many additional considerations regarding each variable of the cost of capital formula, this book is a must for anyone that needs to understand or develop a discount rate. Even the most experienced practitioner will benefit from the outstanding work of Pratt and Grabowski. This book has to become part of your library. " -Gary R. Trugman, CPA/ABV, MCBA, ASA, MVS, President, Trugman Valuation Associates, Inc.
Cost-of-Capital in Managerial Finance: An Examination of Practices in the German Real Economy Sector (Contributions to Management Science)
by Dennis SchlegelThis book examines cost-of-capital models and their application in the context of managerial finance. This includes the use of hurdle rates in capital allocation decisions, as well as target returns in performance management. Besides a review of classical finance models such as the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), other contemporary models and techniques to determine the cost-of-capital of business units and private companies are discussed. Based on a mixed methods approach, current cost-of-capital practices and their determinants are empirically analyzed among German companies.
The Cost of Environmental Degradation
by Lelia Croitoru Maria SarrafHow much is a cleaner environment worth? For policy makers, that question used to go largely unanswered. Many economic activities cause environmental degradation, entailing real costs to the economy and to people's welfare. Knowing the extent of these costs is crucial for identifying a country's main environmental priorities and allocating appropriate funds for environmental protection. Over the past decade, the World Bank has initiated a systematic effort to measure the costs of environmental degradation in the Middle East and North Africa, shedding new light on their magnitude and on the need for policy changes. In many cases, these costs were found to be surprisingly large. 'The Cost of Environmental Degradation: Case Studies from the Middle East and North Africa' brings together the best case studies of this program and summarizes their policy impacts at the national and regional levels. The case studies quantify monetarily the annual damage due to environmental degradation and express these estimates as percentages of the countries' gross domestic product. The studies use the most recent environmental valuation methods to estimate the economic costs resulting from air pollution, water degradation, deforestation, and land degradation. Uniquely, the book dedicates a case study to value the costs of environmental degradation resulting from an oil spill and demolition waste in times of conflict. The studies then illuminate the concrete implications on policy, investments, and institutions for the respective nations. This book will be of interest to policy makers, nongovernmental organizations, and academic and research institutions.
The Cost of Free Money: How Unfettered Capital Threatens Our Economic Future
by Paola SubacchiA penetrating account of how unchecked capital mobility is damaging international cooperation, polarizing the economic landscape, and ultimately reshaping the global order When it comes to the afflictions of the global economy, almost everyone—and especially Donald Trump—is quick to point the finger of blame at the state of international trade. But what about unconstrained capital flows? Unfettered capital has resulted in a string of financial and economic crises that have left our political systems strained and dialogue corroded. The once perceived benefits of openness have been cast to the wayside and the cracks in the global order can no longer be ignored. Paola Subacchi argues that international cooperation and interdependence have become crippled. Regional restrictions will soon strengthen and a multipolar order will take shape, leading to a distinctly transformed economic landscape in which China challenges the dominance of the US dollar. Combining history, analysis, and prediction, this book provides penetrating insight into the challenges facing the international economic order.
The Cost of IT: The Complexity of Managing an IT Budget
by Shannon O'Donnell Richard L. Nolan Robert D. Austin"The Adventures of an IT Leader" invites readers to "walk in the shoes" of Jim Barton, the new CIO of the fictional IVK Corporation, as he spends a difficult year learning effective information technology leadership, sidestepping the pitfalls that make the CIO job the most volatile, high-turnover job in the business. This chapter joins Barton as he sits down with the IT department's financial guru to answer what he believes are straightforward questions about IT spending and contribution to the company's bottom line. He is surprised to discover that there are no simple answers. This chapter is excerpted from "The Adventures of an IT Leader."
Cost of Living: Essays
by Emily Maloney“Astute, compassionate and lethally funny. Maloney is an exceptionally alert writer on whom nothing is lost, who sees everything with excruciating clarity.” —Sarah Manguso, The New York Times The searing intimacy of Girl, Interrupted combines with the uncomfortable truths of The Empathy Exams in a collection of essays chronicling one woman’s experiences as both patient and caregiver, giving a unique perspective from both sides of the hospital bed.What does it cost to live? When we fall ill, our lives are itemized on a spreadsheet. A thousand dollars for a broken leg, a few hundred for a nasty cut while cooking dinner. Then there are the greater costs for even greater misfortunes. The car accidents, breast cancers, blood diseases, and dark depressions. When Emily Maloney was nineteen she tried to kill herself. An act that would not only cost a great deal personally, but also financially, sending her down a dark spiral of misdiagnoses, years spent in and out of hospitals and doctor’s offices, and tens of thousands owed in medical debt. To work to pay off this crippling burden, Emily becomes an emergency room technician. Doing the grunt work in a hospital, and taking care of patients at their most vulnerable moments, chronicling these interactions in searingly beautiful, surprising ways. Shocking and often slyly humorous, Cost of Living is a brilliant examination of just what exactly our troubled healthcare system asks us to pay, as well as a look at what goes on behind the scenes at our hospitals and in the minds of caregivers.
Cost of Living
by Helen ThompsonBanks keep your money safe and offer an alternative to carrying piles of money around with you all the time. Learn all this and more in Banking Basics.
The Cost of Living Crisis: (and how to get out of it)
by Costas Lapavitsas James Meadway Doug NichollsA myth-busting pamphlet that charts a course out of the current cost of living crisis, focusing on Britain's current economic situationWe are living through a cost of living crisis, with interest rate hikes and the prices of everyday consumables and energy bills sky-rocketing. Why is this happening?Sometimes we are told that wages are too high, or that the government has "printed" too much money or that events far away, such as the war in Ukraine, are solely to blame. The plain argument that high prices go together with high profits, falling wages, and weak production is often distorted and hidden by mainstream commentary in the media and elsewhere.This plain-speaking pamphlet tells it straight: the big businesses dominating production and distribution make huge profits out of high inflation, while working people lose out. It sets out factual evidence to illustrate that the source of record profits is the fall in real wages as inflation rises.A large part of the income of working people is being transferred directly into the profits of big business. The pamphlet shows that the deeper roots of the "cost of living crisis" lie in the very low investment and poor productivity growth for many years. The basic steps to resolving the crisis are simple: prices, especially of essentials, must be brought down, and wages, salaries, benefits, and pensions must be increased.
The Cost of Living Crisis: Temporality, Provisioning, and Austerity in a Northern English City
by Natalie WoodSet in the Northern English City of Leeds, in the midst of Liz Truss’ 49 days in office, what we are now calling The Cost of Living Crisis emerges as the most recent incantation of economic decline. Challenging the ease with which this phrase has become commonplace, this monograph provokes questions of when and for whom it became normal to discuss the cost of being alive.The Cost of Living Crisis is both new and not new. With a focus on how economic decline is temporally experienced, Wood explores how consumption habits find solidarity with the past, claim membership in the present and grasp at uncertain futures. With a concern for where agency lies, Wood ultimately asks us: How is it that people deal, engage and reclaim precarious futures in the shop? Drawing from research conducted in a food pantry – a food bank that simulates a shop – Wood takes up a concept of provisioning as embodied knowledge and cultivated competence defined by the normalisation of economic recession. However, amidst hopelessness, the food pantry also materialises everyday acts of hope, care and play, which, in turn, perhaps provoke a reimagination not just of what a food bank is but of what shopping could be.This book is applicable to scholars of temporality, political and economic anthropology, the anthropology of Britain, economic crisis and consumption.
The Cost of Not Educating the World's Poor: The new economics of learning
by Lynn IlonIn The Cost of Not Educating the World’s Poor, Lynn Ilon observes from her 30 years of travel and work in some 20 developing countries, how global instability, problems of environmental degradation, spread of global disease, migration and political instability are a cost of viewing the uneducated poor as separated from a networked of fast-growing global knowledge. This book shows how powerful global learning systems are rapidly forming and linking the rich world with the world of the poor and developing nations. Using a narrative voice interleaved with concise introductions to the underlying theories (economics, development, learning, technology and networks) it shows us how changing our ways of thinking can lead to new possibilities. The Cost of Not Educating the World’s Poor is based on an emerging theory of development economics and the author’s own vast experiences and stories. It also discusses, among other issues: International development and how it has evolved toward an emphasis on knowledge How networked human capital creates new potential for poorly resourced countries The formation of a global system of learning networks The digitization of knowledge How nations improve their well-being through knowledge and equity This inter-disciplinary assessment of international learning inequality and the methods to overcome it will appeal to researchers concerned with emerging concepts of global learning networks and their effects on development. It will also be of interest to students and policymakers studying national inequality, economics, and global development.
Cost Per Action Domination Unique Money "Magnet" CPA Guide
by Brian GravesMake Hundreds Of Dollars/Day and Get That Dream Income Started Right Away! CPA marketing can appear daunting; especially when you’re new or have never had the sort of success you have always dreamt of. There are so many factors that need to be considered; from creating a website or a landing page to bringing visitors to your website to actually getting them to sign up for your CPA offers. It can be overwhelming if you don’t know how to go about it. I know how depressing it can be to open your Paypal only to find it in a sad state….with just a few dollars or nothing at all. I've been there........and wouldn't want anyone to go through that.
Cost Recovery
by Lanza Richard B.Cost Recovery: Turning Your Accounts Payable Department into a Profit Center shows how to identify a company's hidden financial assets. It provides tools to assist organizations generate cash recoveries, stop profit leaks, move away from control issues, and work towards process improvements. The book shows how to incorporate profit recovery technology, and how to pair a company with a recovery expert best suited to the company's needs to achieve bottom line results. The book discusses how to utilize free services offered by cost recovery consultants, using of top money-saving proves improvements, and how to create a plan to maximize recovering technology.
Cost Reduction Analysis
by Bragg Steven M.Discover the tools for knowing the costs your company should cut, without impacting its ability to deliver goods and services New from Steve Bragg, this book provides the tools for determining which costs a company should cut, without impacting its ability to deliver goods and services. It explains how to use throughput analysis in order to locate bottleneck operations in a company, which in turn dictates where capital investments should (and should not) be made. Delves into process analysis, to determine where excess resources are being used in a business process Describes the total cost of ownership, showing how a single purchasing decision actually snowballs into a variety of ancillary costs Shows how to create and use a spend management system to reduce procurement costs Shows how just-in-time systems can be used to eliminate inventory costs Cost Reduction Analysis: Tools and Strategies provides examples to show how much cost can potentially be eliminated to avoid drastic action later that can imperil your corporation's direction and future.
Cost Reduction and Control Best Practices
by Institute of Management and AdministrationCost Reduction and Control Best Practices provides financial manages with no-nonsense, balanced, and practical strategies that are being targeted and used nationwide for controlling costs by thousands of companies in areas such as human resources, compensation, benefits, purchasing, outsourcing, use of consultants, taxes, and exports. These best practices are based on the trenches experience, research, proprietary databases, and consultants from the Institute of Management and Administration (IOMA) and other leading experts in their fields.* Provides best practices and techniques for controlling costs within a company* New chapters focus on outsourcing costs, downsizing, consultants' costs, and business tax costs* Provides the latest strategies companies re using to control costs
Cost System Analysis
by Robert S. KaplanDescribes six characteristics of cost systems: standard vs. actual costs; job-order vs. process costing; variable vs. full costs; disaggregate vs. aggregate cost accumulation; and specific vs. average rates for labor and overhead. A rewritten version of an earlier case.
Cost & Value Engineering: Digital und nachhaltig im turbulenten Marktumfeld (essentials)
by Dirk A. WeberDigitalisierung, Künstliche Intelligenz und Nachhaltigkeit sind weder aus der betrieblichen Praxis noch aus dem wissenschaftlichen Diskurs wegzudenken. Hinzu kommen Turbulenzen, die seit der Corona-Pandemie und den vielfältigen Krisen sämtliche Marktakteure betreffen und zusätzliche Dynamik schaffen. Cost & Value Engineering (CVE) gehört dabei zu einem wichtigen Hebel des Kosten- und Wertmanagements von Industrieunternehmen. Dieses Essential zeigt, dass sich das CVE als eine wesentliche Aufgabe für technologieintensive Industrieunternehmen etabliert und stark gewandelt hat. Der Einkauf hat somit die Chance, sich von einer Kostenoptimierungsfunktion zu einer wertschaffenden Funktion zu entwickeln. Für diese strategische Weiterentwicklung ist eine enge Kollaboration mit unternehmensinternen Crossfunktionen erforderlich. Das Buch beschreibt, wo Cost & Value-Organisationen heute stehen und was die wesentlichen Gestaltungsdimensionen und Entwicklungstrends sind. Außerdem wird ein Reifegradmodell vorgestellt, das eine Weiterentwicklung von Cost & Value Engineering in den Gestaltungsdimensionen systematisieren kann.
Cost Variance Analysis
by Robert S. Kaplan Susanna GallaniThe Cost Variance Analysis note was written to provide students with fundamental concepts and methods for the analysis of cost variances. This note focuses on the decomposition of cost variances into price, quantity and mix variance components, an approach that allows students to identify the root causes of differences between expected and actual costs.