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Deficits, Debt, and American Politics: Paper Shackles
by Marc Allen Eisner"For most of the history of the United States, periods of growing indebtedness—a product of wars and economic crises—were followed by reductions in the debt-to-GDP ratio." But why have the last several decades failed to follow this pattern, leaving the national debt at its highest level since World War II? In this groundbreaking new book, author Marc Allen Eisner, who has devoted most of his scholarly career to studying the evolution of the US political economy, explores the significant changes in the fiscal conditions of the United States during the postwar period, embedding the discussion in a broader historical context. He demonstrates that the national debt is in part a product of reduced revenues and the growing costs of the largest entitlement programs, but it also reflects a long series of shocks, including two wars, the financial crisis and Great Recession, and the COVID-19 pandemic. Deficits, Debt, and American Politics chronicles the history of the US debt in the postwar period, placed in the context of broader changes in the political economy and partisan politics. But it grounds this exploration in reader-friendly, chapter-length discussions of public finance, taxation, mandatory spending, and the budgetary process from a policy perspective. The volume concludes with a discussion of the challenges of comprehensive tax and program reforms in the current political climate.Deficits, Debt, and American Politics assumes little prior knowledge on the part of the reader, making it an ideal book for courses on public policy and political economy taught at both the upper-level undergraduate and graduate level. The material on public finance, long-term trends in taxation and spending, and the budgetary process, often relegated to descriptive texts, will be invaluable in courses engaging the deficit and debt.
Deficits, Debt, and the New Politics of Tax Policy
by Dennis S. IppolitoThe Constitution grants Congress the power 'to lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises'. From the First Congress until today, conflicts over the size, role and taxing power of government have been at the heart of national politics. This book provides a comprehensive historical account of US tax policy that emphasizes the relationship between taxes and other budget components. It explains how wars, changing conceptions of the domestic role of government, and beliefs about deficits and debt have shaped the modern tax system. The contemporary focus of this book is the partisan battle over budget policy that began in the 1960s and triggered the disconnect between taxes and spending that has plagued the budget ever since. With the US government now facing its most serious deficit and debt challenge in the modern era, partisan debate over taxation is almost completely divorced from fiscal realities.
Define Broad and Simple Rules: One Path to Executing the "Workforce of One" Approach to People Management
by Susan Cantrell David Y. SmithWhen it comes to crafting HR practices that are highly relevant and tailored to individuals, organizations can choose one of four different approaches to what talent management experts Susan Cantrell and David Smith call the "workforce of one." But no matter which approach you choose, the goal is the same: work that is sculpted to fit lives instead of lives that are sculpted to fit work. The reward? Lower employee turnover, greater productivity, and improved profit margins. In this chapter, the authors explore defining broad and simple rules to guide employees toward a desired outcome. This approach allows individuals or their managers to customize people practices by giving them structured freedom-essentially "widening the guardrails" along the route to achieving company goals. This is by no means a laissez-faire approach: workers' freedom is constrained by clear, organizationally determined and approved boundaries and limits. These could be based on the organization's mission and strategy, its values, its resources and budgetary restrictions, or its benchmarks for success. Using rich examples from companies like American Airlines, The Container Store, Best Buy, and Google, the authors show how broad and simple rules work in practice. The chapter concludes with recommendations for customizing your people management practices using this approach-which empowers your workforce and allows your organization to nimbly respond to changing customer needs. This chapter was originally published as Chapter 4 of "Workforce of One: Revolutionizing Talent Management Through Customization."
Define Your Operating Model: Designing a Foundation for Execution
by Jeanne W. Ross Peter Weill David C. RobertsonIn this chapter, the authors introduce the operating model as the first essential element for creating the foundation for execution. They describe four different types of operating models, using case studies of JM Family Enterprises, Merrill Lynch, Dow Chemical, TD Banknorth, and Schneider National.
Define the Future: Manage for a World of Change-Why Leading Toward the Future Is Imperative to Becoming a Great Boss
by Kent Lineback Linda A. HillDo you and the people you lead know where you're going? Have you defined a clear purpose and the goals you must achieve along the way? Do you keep your purpose and goals constantly in mind as you carry out your everyday work? Leading toward the future is a key part of being a great boss, but many bosses admit that they are simply carried along by events, allowing the pressures of today to trump the needs of tomorrow. In this chapter, authors Linda Hill and Kent Lineback explain why you, as a manager, must prepare for the future, because it will inevitably be different from today. They describe the benefits of defining where you're going-for example, it imbues your work with purpose, fosters commitment, reduces conflict, and helps you and your team deal with unforeseen change. The chapter also includes a discussion of written and unwritten plans, including easy-to-follow steps for creating a plan and a list of key questions to ask yourself in the process. The chapter concludes with a section about how you-as a great boss-can guide your group through difficult change. This chapter was originally published as Chapter 8 of "Being the Boss: The 3 Imperatives for Becoming a Great Leader."
Defined by Design: The Surprising Power of Hidden Gender, Age, and Body Bias in Everyday Products and Places
by Eric Schmidt Kathryn H. AnthonyThis wide-ranging overview of design in everyday life demonstrates how design shapes our lives in ways most of us would never imagine. The author, a leading expert in social and psychological issues in design, uncovers the gender, age, and body biases inherent in the designs of common products and living spaces that we all routinely use. From the schools our children attend and the buildings we work in to ill-fitting clothes and one-size-fits-all seating in public transportation, restaurants, and movie theaters, we are surrounded by an artificial environment that can affect our comfort, our self-image, and even our health.Anthony points out the flaws and disadvantages of certain fashions, children's toys, high-tech gadgets, packaging, public transportation, public restrooms, neighborhood layouts, classrooms, workplaces, hospitals, and more. In an increasingly diverse populace where many body types, age groups, and cultures interact, she argues that it's time our environments caught up. This fascinating book--full of aha moments--will teach readers to recognize the hidden biases in certain products and places and to work for more intelligent and healthy design in all areas of life.From the Trade Paperback edition.
Defining Aerospace Policy: Essays in Honor of Francis T. Hoban
by Julianne Lammersen-BaumFeaturing contributions from many of the most prominent contemporary figures in the US aerospace community, this book provides unprecedented insights into the ways in which aerospace policy is developed and implemented. Based on a wide range of real-life case studies and the personal experiences of those directly involved, its coverage includes some of the most influential and wide-ranging policies of modern times, including: the privatization of the Canadian air navigation system; government-industry cooperation; Leasecraft; NASA and the evolution of the hush kit; US activities to reduce launch costs; the emergence of a spaceport policy; VentureStar; issues in institutional restructuring: the problem with the FAA. Contributed in memory of Frank Hoban, the book compiles the work of a NASA funded team at George Mason University working on various institutional aspects of the aerospace policy and the aerospace industry, and also seeking out new directions for using the insights gathered from the NASA and other programs. The readership will include the management of aerospace companies and government agencies, especially in North America but also elsewhere, eg Europe (ESA), Russia and Japan. It will also include researchers and graduate students in university departments and agencies and other facilities.
Defining Democracy: Voting Procedures in Decision-Making, Elections and Governance
by Peter EmersonDefining Democracy looks both at the theory of why and the history of how different voting procedures have come to be used - or not, as the case may be - in the three fields of democratic structures: firstly, in decision-making, both in society at large and in the elected chamber; secondly, in elections to and within those chambers; and thirdly, in the various forms of governance, from no-party to multi-party and all-party, which have emerged as a result.
Defining Desired Results: Developing Results-Based Leaders
by Dave Ulrich Norm Smallwood Jack ZengerThis chapter outlines the reliable criteria leaders need to consistently pay attention to in order to attain their short- and long-term objectives, along with a set of tools to make sure that leadership attributes translate into the right results.
Defining Enterprise Data and Analytics Strategy: Pragmatic Guidance on Defining Strategy Based on Successful Digital Transformation Experience of Multiple Fortune 500 and Other Global Companies (Management for Professionals)
by Prakash SahThis is the first of its kind book that describes key elements of enterprise data and analytics strategy, and prescribes a pragmatic approach to define the strategy for large enterprises. The book is based on successful digital transformation experience of multiple Fortune 500 and other large enterprises. It is estimated that more than 50% of data and analytics initiatives fail globally because of the inherent complexity of such initiatives. Some of the questions that enterprises struggle with are: How to define enterprise data and analytics strategy? What are the key elements that should be considered while doing so? Why one-size-fits-all approach does not work for all enterprises? How to align data and analytics initiative with the business strategy of the CEO? How to establish a futuristic technology and architecture foundation, given the exponential rate of innovation in data and analytics technologies? How to define the right data and analytics organization model? Why data and analytics organization and processes need to be different from other functions? How to manage organizational change to ensure success of data and analytics initiative? How to define a business value measurement framework and calculate ROI from data and analytics initiative? What are the key skills required in a data and analytics leader to wade through political and other challenges of a large enterprise? This book will help executives, chief digital/analytics officers, data and analytics professionals, and consultants, in answering the above questions. It will help them in addressing various dilemmas that they face every day and making their enterprises data-driven.
Defining HR Success: 9 Critical Competencies for HR Professionals
by Debra J. Cohen Alexander Alonso James N. Kurtessis Kari R. StrobeToday's HR professionals are expected to be valued team members and contribute as business partners, delivering strategic value and solving complex talent challenges to achieve growth for the organization.Defining HR Success provides a deep dive into the nine core competencies that define high-performing HR practitioners:· HR Expertise (HR Knowledge)· Business acumen· Communication· Consultation· Critical evaluation· Ethical practice· Global and cultural effectiveness· Leadership and navigation· Relationship managementThe book helps readers assess their current capabilities and build the skills needed to lead and influence within their organizations. With clear explanations and practical applications, it's an essential guide for aligning HR strategy with business growth and provides HR professionals with a roadmap for personal development and professional excellence in a rapidly evolving field.
Defining Leadership Code: The Five Rules of Effective Leadership
by Dave Ulrich Norm Smallwood Kate SweetmanEveryone agrees that leadership matters. But what makes an effective leader? The answer to this simple question is elusive, but according to Ulrich, Smallwood, and Sweetman, there is actually a leadership code comprised of five rules. If you want to be a better leader or build more effective leadership in your organization, you need to master these five rules. In this chapter, the authors define the five rules of leadership and describe briefly how to make the leadership code real for you and your organization. This chapter is excerpted from "The Leadership Code: Five Rules to Lead By."
Defining Management: Business Schools, Consultants, Media
by Lars Engwall Matthias Kipping Behlül ÜsdikenDefining Management charts the expansion of management as an idea and practice from a time when it was limited to churches and households to its current ubiquity, focusing in particular on the role of business schools, consultants, and business media in this process. How did an entire industry develop around business schools, consultants, and business media who are now widely considered the authorities regarding best management practice? This book shows how these actors – on their own and in interaction – became taken-for-granted and gained such definitional power over management and managers, expanded across the globe from often modest and not always respected origins, and impacted, and continue to impact businesses and, increasingly, the broader economic and social context. Building on extant and some new research, the book is unique in bringing together issues and actors that have been examined elsewhere separately. Any student or professional of management interested in the evolution of their field or the rise of business schools, consultants and business media will find this book both novel and thought-provoking.
Defining Moments
by Joseph BadaraccoMaking decisions when there is a clear choice between "right" and "wrong" is easy. Making decisions where the choice is between "right" and "right" is not. This book lays out a series of general principles and guidelines, drawn from ancient and modern Western philosophy, which can help managers and leaders chart a course through the thickets of conflicting values and moral choices which make up all "right versus right" decisions.
Defining Moments
by Joseph L. Badaracco Jr."Defining moments," according to Badaracco, occur when managers face business problems that trigger difficult, deeply personal questions. In deciding how to act, managers reveal their inner values, test their commitment to those values, and ultimately shape their characters. Badaracco builds a framework for approaching these dilemmas around three cases of increasing complexity, reflecting the escalating responsibilities managers face as they advance in their careers. The first story presents a young man whose choice will affect him only as an individual; the second, a department head, whose decision will influence his organization; the third, a corporate executive, whose actions will have much larger, societal ramifications. To guide the decision-making process, Badaracco draws on the insights of four philosophers--Aristotle, Machiavelli, Nietzsche, and James--because they offer practical rather than theoretical advice. He thus bridges the gap between classroom philosophy and corporate pragmatism. The result is a flexible framework that managers can draw on to resolve issues of conflicting responsibility in practical ways.
Defining Moments
by Peter ShawOur lives are full of defining moments, but do we recognize them? We often fail to appreciate the significance of these moments. At work the pressure can be relentless and we can fail to enjoy these moments. The author shows how to recognize and appreciate these moments, which in turn helps us to better cope during more difficult times.
Defining Moments Define Your Leadership: Lesson 3 from Leadership Gold
by John MaxwellSmart leaders learn from their own mistakes. Smarter ones learn from others' mistakes--and successes. John C. Maxwell wants to help you become the smartest leader you can be by sharing Chapter 3: Defining Moments Define Your Leadership of Leadership Gold with you. After nearly forty years of leading, Maxwell has mined the gold so you don't have to. Each chapter contains detailed application exercises and a "Mentoring Moment" for leaders who desire to mentor others using the book. Gaining leadership insight is a lot like mining for gold. You don't set out to look for the dirt. You look for the nuggets. You'll find them here.
Defining Moments: When Managers Must Choose Between Right and Right
by Joseph L. Badaracco Jr.When Business and Personal Values Collide"Defining moments" occur when managers face business decisions that trigger conflicts with their personal values. These moments test a person's commitment to those values and ultimately shape their character. But these are also the decisions that can make or break a career. Is there a thoughtful, yet pragmatic, way to make the right choice?Bestselling author Joseph Badaracco shows how to approach these dilemmas using three case examples that, when taken together, represent the escalating responsibilities and personal tests managers face as they advance in their careers. The first story presents a young manager whose choice will affect him only as an individual; the second, a department head whose decision will influence his organization; the third, a corporate executive whose actions will have much larger, societal ramifications. To guide the decision-making process, the book draws on the insights of four philosophers-Aristotle, Machiavelli, Nietzsche, and James-who offer distinctly practical, rather than theoretical, advice. Defining Moments is the ultimate manager's guide for resolving issues of conflicting responsibility in practical ways.
Defining Personal and Team Objectives
by Robert S. Kaplan David P. NortonFor strategy to become truly meaningful to employees, personal goals and objectives must be aligned with the organizational objectives. The Balanced Scorecard provides individuals with a broad understanding of company and business unit strategy. This chapter illustrates several different methods, including the "Super Bowl" approach and Personal Balanced Scorecards, to connect the strategic objectives that appear on a company or business unit scorecard to personal and team objectives.
Defining Problems and Opportunities: A Foundation for Success
by Michael L. Tushman Charles A. O'ReillyThis chapter introduces the fundamental building blocks of winning through innovation--setting a unit's strategy, objectives, and vision and clarifying crucial performance and opportunity gaps.
Defining You: How to profile yourself and unlock your full potential
by Fiona MurdenTake the online psychometric test and receive a full professional reportHave you ever wondered what a profiling session would tell you about yourself? Fiona Murden helps some of the most successful people in the world to understand their behavior and improve their performance. Here she guides you through the professional profiling assessment process in private, to help you discover your strengths, understand what really drives you and learn which environments will help you to excel. Step by step you will build your unique personal profile. Take a psychometric test, run a 360 assessment, draw up your early years timeline and enjoy some valuable self-reflection. Fiona then expertly - and sensitively - coaches you through interpreting your results and taking your next steps to fulfill your potential.Our behavior is at the core of what we do. This is your ultimate self-awareness toolkit to help you understand both your own and other's behavior and to positively influence it. Along the way you may even start to sleep better, think more clearly and have good moods more often.Defining You opens a window into the elite process of psychological profiling and presents a clear path to improving your effectiveness with immediate actions and tangible tips.
Defining Your Market: Winning Strategies for High-Tech, Industrial, and Service Firms
by Art Weinstein William WinstonVisionary companies build markets today to be market leaders tomorrow. This book provides the blueprint. Defining Your Market: Winning Strategies for High-Tech, Industrial, and Service Firms contains research, case studies, and literature reviews on market definition to help marketers, managers, researchers, and strategic planners formulate profitable marketing strategies. Timely and practical, this book offers a research-based methodology for defining markets that will help your company determine relevant markets and make it the most competitive business in the industry. Although market definition is the foundation for formulating business strategies and is critical to corporate performance, marketers and top management often rely on intuition or incomplete analyses when targeting markets. This text discusses the marketing methods used by leading companies and executive and provides you with the knowledge to create strategies that will work for your company. Defining Your Market examines the topics that will help your company become more successful now and into the next century, including:customer and competitive-driven market definitionsthe five core dimensions of market definition-- customer needs, customer groups, technology, products, and competitionmanagerial implications related to strategic planning, formulating the marketing mix, integrating marketing and technology, and global strategystrategies for businesses for redefining markets and successfully competing in the 21st centurythe impact company size has on marketing strategieshow to avoid the dangers of creating a market definition that is too narrow and limiting or one that is too broad and overlooks profitable niches in the marketEach chapter of Defining Your Market features exercises that will help you understand new concepts and allows you to put these methods to immediate and profitable use. You will be able to learn about the tools and techniques that work for Andersen Consulting, Dell, General Electric, Intel, Merck, and Microsoft, and dozens of leading business marketers.Defining Your Market provides you with strategies that will help you define and redefine the most relevant and profitable markets for a successful and competitive business.
Defining Your Operating Model: Make IT a Strategic Asset by Developing a Clear Vision of the Role of IT
by Jeanne W. Ross Peter WeillMany firms have not addressed the key question of how they want to profit and grow, and how IT can help create their platform. IT savvy firms, on the other hand, clarify what they are trying to do with IT by defining an operating model. In this chapter, Weil and Ross look at IT systems as tools for integration and standardization of business processes rather than an end solution. Using examples of companies like P&G, PepsiAmericas, and ING Direct, they categorize four operating models which can help you decipher how much or how little integration and standardization is needed to run your business smoothly. They also explain how multiple operating systems can work within various areas of your company to meet the needs of different departments. This chapter was originally published as chapter 2 of "IT Savvy: What Top Executives Must Know to Go from Pain to Gain."
Defining and Defying Organised Crime: Discourse, Perceptions and Reality (Routledge Advances in International Relations and Global Politics)
by Felia AllumOrganized crime is now a major threat to all industrial and non-industrial countries. Using an inter-disciplinary and comparative approach this book examines the nature of this threat. By analysing the existing, official institutional discourse on organized crime it examines whether or not it has an impact on perceptions of the threat and on the reality of organized crime. The book first part of the book explores both the paradigm and the rationale of policy output in the fight against organized crime, and also exposes the often ‘hidden’ internal assumptions embedded in policy making. The second part examines the perceptions of organized crime as expressed by various actors, for example, the general public in the Balkans and in Japan, the criminal justice system in USA and circles within the international scientific community. Finally, the third part provides an overall investigation into the realities of organized crime with chapters that survey its empirical manifestations in various parts of the world. This book will be of interest to students and scholars of international relations, criminology, security studies and practitioners.