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Defense Spending And Economic Growth
by James E. Payne Anandi P. SahuThis book examines the impact defense spending has on economic growth. While defense spending was not deliberately invented as a fiscal policy instrument, its importance in the composition of overall government spending and thus in determining employment is now easily recognized. In light of the collapse of the Soviet Union and the consequent reduction in the threat to the security of the United States, maintaining defense spending at the old level seems indefensible. The media has concentrated on the so-called peace dividend. However, as soon as the federal government is faced with defense cuts, it realizes the macroeconomic ramifications of such a step. Based on studies included in this volume, we examine the effects of defense spending on economic growth and investigate how the changed world political climate is likely to alter the importance and pattern of defense spending both for developed and developing countries.
Defensive Expectations: Reinventing the Phillips Curve as a Policy Mix
by Liviu VoineaThis book explains why inflation remains subdued after recessions, based on three revolutionary concepts: defensive expectations, compensatory savings, and cumulative wage gap. When income falls, consumption falls, and savings rise, as people rebuild their past wealth. Households will not spend more until they fully recover what they lost. The revised Phillips Curve explains that current inflation depends on the cumulative difference between current income and past income.This new theory is tested and validated by data for US since 1960 to date and for 35 OECD countries from 1990 to date. A number of policy implications are derived from these results. The book calls for an optimal policy mix between monetary policy and fiscal policy; it also discusses the coronavirus crisis as an extreme case of defensive expectations.
Defensive Internationalism: Providing Public Goods in an Uncertain World
by Davis B. Bobrow Mark A. BoyerIn this pathbreaking study, authors Davis B. Bobrow and Mark A. Boyer argue for "muted optimism" about the future of international cooperation. Leaders of a growing movement that integrates constructivism into traditional international studies concepts and methods, Bobrow and Boyer analyze four key international issues: development cooperation, debt management, peacekeeping operations, and environmental affairs. Their approach integrates elements of public goods theory, identity theory, new institutionalism, and rational choice. Defensive Internationalism is a well-written, creative and coherent synthesis of ideas that have up to now been considered irreconcilable. It is appropriate for upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in international relations, conflict studies, and political economy, and promises to become a foundational work in its field.
Defensive Tactics: Street-Proven Arrest and Control Techniques
by Loren W. ChristensenDefensive Tactics: Street Proven Arrest and Control Techniques Whether you are a law enforcement officer seeking to improve your edge or a martial artist wanting to expand your knowledge of street-proven techniques, you will find Defensive Tactics: Street-Proven Arrest and Control Techniques is filled with invaluable information to prepare you for even the most difficult scenarios.Highlights include* Joint manipulation that works* Leverage control vs. pain control* Striking with the hands, feet, forearms, and elbows* Safely and quickly crossing the gap* Blocking an assailant's strikes* Using vulnerable points to gain compliance* Head disorientation* Safe application of carotid constriction or "sleeper" holds* Controlling a suspect on the ground* Arresting big guys* Fighting concepts to take on patrol* Weapon retention in close quarters and on the ground Loren W. Christensen is a retired cop and high-ranking martial artist who survived everything the mean streets threw at him, working patrol, gang enforcement, and dignitary protection. Defensive Tactics goes beyond what is taught in the academy, during an officer's in-service training, and what is allowed by the administration.This book also includes a chapter on proven ways to control a suspect on the ground, written by LAPD officer Mark Mireles, an MMA coach, police academy trainer, and champion wrestler.
Deferred Prosecution Agreements and Directors’ Liability (ISSN)
by Natalie TurneyThis book provides in-depth analysis of deferred prosecution agreements (DPAs), a tool first introduced in the United States and since implemented in the United Kingdom and other jurisdictions. The central focus of the book is the impact of DPAs on company directors: DPAs were first introduced in the US for individuals, but are now used predominantly for corporate defendants. In the UK, DPAs have only ever been available for companies.The consideration of individuals in the introductory stage in the UK is explored in depth, as well as the consideration and targeting of individuals in cases that have followed. Company directors are exposed to liability because of this negotiated deal between the company and prosecutors, and this book addresses the key areas of exposure, and how various parties should address these risk areas in accordance with the law. The book is an increasingly necessary contribution to the topical discussion of the fallout of unsuccessful prosecutions of individuals implicated in the wrongdoing constituting the basis of DPAs, calling into question not only treatment of those individuals but also the integrity of the DPA tool itself. It also considers the impact of DPAs and arising exposures on directors’ and officers’ (D&O) liability insurance, therefore covering potential risk areas and the ability of directors to access a defence in protecting themselves from liability. The book covers the impact on all areas of a D&O policy, considering D&O policy wording and insurance law in doing so, providing a rounded account of issues arising in relation to company directors and how interested parties can act in the best interests of all whilst in accordance with law and policy.The primary audience for this book will be lawyers and practitioners in the corporate crime and/or insurance law space, including general counsels, solicitors, barristers, consultants, prosecuting authorities, legal academics, and so forth. It will also be of interest to company directors, and to students of financial crime, corporate criminal crime and insurance law, and will have great international appeal. Organisations likely to use the book will include prosecuting authorities, law firms working on corporate criminal liability or D&O insurance cases, and companies looking to protect themselves where there is alleged wrongdoing.
Deferred Taxes and the Valuation Allowance at Lucent Technologies, Inc. (A)
by Gregory S. Miller Jacob CohenThe concept of deferred tax accounting is introduced, along with examples to demonstrate the balance sheet perspective of FAS #109.
Deferred Taxes and the Valuation Allowance at Lucent Technologies, Inc. (B)
by Gregory S. Miller Jacob CohenSupplements the (A) case.
Deferred Taxes at Obadiah Vineyard
by Romana L. AutreyObadiah Vineyard's owners create financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) to help them obtain funding to plant more acreage. The owners grapple with deferred taxes and the differences between tax and financial reporting books.
DeFi and the Future of Finance
by Campbell R. Harvey Ashwin Ramachandran Joey SantoroDuring the Global Financial Crisis in 2008, our financial infrastructure failed. Governments bailed out the very institutions that let the economy down. This episode spurred a serious rethink of our financial system. Does it make any sense that it takes two days to settle a stock transaction? Why do retailers, operating on razor thin margins, have to pay 3% for every customer credit card swipe? Why does it take two days to transfer money from a bank account to a brokerage—or any other company? Why are savings rates miniscule or negative? Why is it so difficult for entrepreneurs to get financing at traditional banks? In DeFi and the Future of Finance, Campbell R. Harvey, Ashwin Ramachandran and Joey Santoro, introduce the new world of Decentralized Finance. The book argues that the current financial landscape is ripe for disruption and we are seeing, in real time, the reinvention of finance. The authors provide the reader with a clear assessment of the problems with the current financial system and how DeFi solves many of these problems. The essence of DeFi is that we interact with peers—there is no brick and mortar and all of the associated costs. Savings and lending are reinvented. Trading takes place with algorithms far removed from traditional brokerages. The book conducts a deep dive on some of the most innovative protocols such as Uniswap and Compound. Many of the companies featured in the book you might not have heard of—however, you will in the future. As with any new technology, there are a myriad of risks and the authors carefully catalogue these risks and assess which ones can be successfully mitigated. Ideally suited for people working in any part of the finance industry as well as financial policy makers, DeFi and the Future of Finance gives readers a vision of the future. The world of finance will fundamentally be changed over the coming decade. The book enables you to become part of the disruption – not the target of the disruption.
DeFi For Dummies
by Seoyoung KimGet to know the building blocks of a new economy The promise of decentralized finance (DeFi for those up on their financial lingo) as a disruptor to financial institutions makes it must-know for anyone involved in finance. DeFi For Dummies provides an easy-to-understand option for unraveling the past, present, and future of DeFi. Understand current DeFi applications, including how to build basic applications on the leading platforms, and get a look into the future&’s most promising new DeFi solutions. Staying ahead of the game is critical for finance professionals these days, and this Dummies guide makes it possible, with full coverage of how DeFi affects asset management, lending and borrowing, and investment markets. Wrap your mind around DeFi and start getting hands on, the Dummies way. Learn how the DeFi revolution started and where it&’s going Get insight into opportunities for getting started and building value with DeFi Discover the leading assets, exchanges, and marketplaces built on DeFi principles Create secure DeFi applications on established platformsThis book is great for current pros or active investors in the world of finance who need to get up to speed on the world of DeFi as quickly and clearly as possible.
Defiance of the Patriots
by Benjamin L. CarpOn the evening of December 16, 1773, a group of disguised Bostonians boarded three merchant ships and dumped more than forty-six tons of tea into Boston Harbor. The Boston Tea Party, as it later came to be known, was an audacious and revolutionary act. It set the stage for war and cemented certain values in the American psyche that many still cherish today. But why did the Tea Party happen? Whom did it involve? What did it mean? The answers to these questions are far from straightforward. In this thrilling new book, Benjamin L. Carp tells the full story of the Tea Party--exploding myths, exploring the unique city life of Boston, and setting this extraordinary event in a global context for the first time. Bringing vividly to life the diverse array of people and places that the Tea Party brought together--from Chinese tea-pickers to English businessmen, Native American tribes, sugar plantation slaves, and Boston's ladies of leisure--Carp illuminates how a determined group shook the foundations of a mighty empire, and what this has meant for Americans since. As he reveals many little-known historical facts and considers the Tea Party's uncertain legacy, he presents a compelling and expansive history of an iconic event in America's tempestuous past.
Defiant Braceros: How Migrant Workers Fought for Racial, Sexual, and Political Freedom (The david J. Weber Series In The New Borderlands History Ser.)
by Mireya LozaIn this book, the author sheds new light on the private lives of migrant men who participated in the Bracero Program (1942-1964), a binational agreement between the United States and Mexico that allowed hundreds of thousands of Mexican workers to enter this country on temporary work permits. While this program and the issue of temporary workers have long been politicized on both sides of the border, the author argues that the prevailing romanticized image of braceros as a family-oriented, productive, legal workforce has obscured the real, diverse experiences of the workers themselves. Focusing on underexplored aspects of workers' lives--such as their transnational union-organizing efforts, the sexual economies of both hetero and queer workers, and the ethno-racial boundaries among Mexican indigenous braceros--author reveals how these men defied perceived political, sexual, and racial norms. Basing her work on an archive of more than 800 oral histories from the United States and Mexico, the author is the first scholar to carefully differentiate between the experiences of mestizo guest workers and the many Mixtec, Zapotec, Purhepecha, and Mayan laborers. In doing so, she captures the myriad ways these defiant workers responded to the intense discrimination and exploitation of an unjust system that still persists today.
The Deficit Myth: Modern Monetary Theory and How to Build a Better Economy
by Stephanie KeltonTHE INTERNATIONAL BESTSELLER'Kelton has succeeded in instigating a round of heretical questioning, essential for a post-Covid-19 world, where the pantheon of economic gods will have to be reconfigured' Guardian'Stephanie Kelton is an indispensable source of moral clarity ... the truths that she teaches about money, debt, and deficits give us the tools we desperately need to build a safe future for all' Naomi Klein'Game-changing ... Read it!' Mariana Mazzucato'A rock star in her field' The Times'This book is going to be influential' Financial Times'Convincingly overturns conventional wisdom' New York TimesSupporting the economy, paying for healthcare, creating new jobs, preventing a climate apocalypse: how can we pay for it all? Leading economic thinker Stephanie Kelton, shows how misguided that question is, and how a radical new approach can maximise our potential as a society. Everything that we've been led to believe about deficits and the role of money and government spending is wrong. Rather than asking the self-defeating question of how to pay for the crucial improvements our society needs, Kelton guides us to ask: which deficits actually matter?
The Deficit Myth: Modern Monetary Theory and the Birth of the People's Economy
by Stephanie KeltonThe leading thinker and most visible public advocate of modern monetary theory - the freshest and most important idea about economics in decades - delivers a radically different, bold, new understanding for how to build a just and prosperous society. Stephanie Kelton's brilliant exploration of modern monetary theory (MMT) dramatically changes our understanding of how we can best deal with crucial issues ranging from poverty and inequality to creating jobs, expanding health care coverage, climate change, and building resilient infrastructure. Any ambitious proposal, however, inevitably runs into the buzz saw of how to find the money to pay for it, rooted in myths about deficits that are hobbling us as a country.Kelton busts through the myths that prevent us from taking action: that the federal government should budget like a household, that deficits will harm the next generation, that deficits crowd-out private investment and undermine long-term growth, that entitlements are propelling us toward a grave fiscal crisis.MMT, as Kelton shows, shifts the terrain from narrow budgetary questions to one of broader economic and social benefits. With its important new ways of understanding money, taxes, and the critical role of deficit spending, MMT redefines how to responsibly use our resources so that we can maximize our potential as a society. MMT gives us the power to imagine a new politics and a new economy and move from a narrative of scarcity to one of opportunity.
The Deficit Myth: Modern Monetary Theory and How to Build a Better Economy
by Stephanie Kelton'Game-changing ... Read it!' - Mariana MazzucatoIn a world of epic, overlapping crises, Stephanie Kelton is an indispensable source of moral clarity ... the truths that she teaches about money, debt, and deficits give us the tools we desperately need to build a safe future for all. Read it - then put it to use. - Naomi KleinThe leading thinker and most visible public advocate of modern monetary theory - the freshest and most important idea about economics in decades - delivers a radically different, bold, new understanding for how to build a just and prosperous society.Any ambitious proposal - ranging from fixing crumbling infrastructure to Medicare for all or preventing the coming climate apocalypse - inevitably sparks questions: how can we afford it? How can we pay for it? Stephanie Kelton points out how misguided those questions really are by using the bold ideas of modern monetary theory (MMT), a fundamentally different approach to using our resources to maximize our potential as a society.We've been thinking about government spending in the wrong ways, Kelton argues, on both sides of the political aisle. Everything that both liberal/progressives and conservatives believe about deficits and the role of money and government spending in the economy is wrong, especially the fear that deficits will endanger long-term prosperity.Through illuminating insights about government debt, deficits, inflation, taxes, the financial system, and financial constraints on the federal budget, Kelton dramatically changes our understanding of how to best deal with important issues ranging from poverty and inequality to creating jobs and building infrastructure. Rather than asking the self-defeating question of how to pay for the crucial improvements our society needs, Kelton guides us to ask: which deficits actually matter? What is the best way to balance the risk of inflation against the benefits of a society that is more broadly prosperous, safer, cleaner, and secure?With its important new ways of understanding money, taxes, and the critical role of deficit spending, MMT busts myths that prevent us from taking action because we can't get beyond the question of how to pay for it. 'The best book on rethinking economics that anyone will find right now.' - Richard Murphy, Political Economist and author of The Joy of Tax (P)2020 Hachette Audio
Deficit Politics in the United States: Taxes, Spending and Fiscal Disconnect (Europa Economic Perspectives)
by Dennis S IppolitoFrom the clashes between Federalists and Republicans in the 1790s until today, partisan battles over taxing, spending, and public debt have shaped American political development. These battles were formerly constrained by fiscal norms that mandated balanced budgets and low debt. In his Farewell Address, President George Washington counseled the nation to "cherish public credit" by using "it as sparingly as possible". In the 1980s, however, tax cuts and spending increases created large structural deficits and much higher debt levels. With only a brief interruption in the late 1990s, deficit politics has been a mainstay ever since. Over this period, the Republican Party has passed large tax cuts but failed to retrench the large entitlement programs that continue to raise spending. Likewise, the Democratic Party has expanded the domestic role of government but has abandoned the broad-based taxation it supported in the 1990s. Funding their domestic agenda with matching revenues is now as unappealing for Democrats as entitlement cutbacks are for Republicans, contributing to the current stalemate of Republican tax policy, Democratic spending policy, and soaring deficits and debt. The economic risks this entails are serious, yet an end to the era of deficit politics is nowhere in sight.
Deficits and Debt in Industrialized Democracies (Routledge Research in Comparative Politics)
by Gene Park Eisaku IdeSince the global financial crisis, government debt has soared globally by 40 percent and now exceeds an astonishing $100 trillion. Not all countries, though, have fared the same. Indeed, even prior to the financial crisis, the fiscal fates of countries have been diverging, despite predictions that pressures from economic globalization push countries toward more convergent fiscally conservative policies. Featuring the work of an international interdisciplinary team of scholars, this volume explains patterns of fiscal performance (persistent patterns of budget deficits and government debt) from the 1970s to the present across seven countries – France, Italy, Germany, Japan, South Korea, Sweden, and the United States. Employing a comparative case study approach, seldom employed in studies of fiscal performance, contributions illuminate the complex causal factors often overlooked by quantitative studies and advances our theoretical understanding of fiscal performance. Among other things, the cases highlight the role of taxpayer consent, tax structure, the welfare state, organization of interests, and labor and financial markets in shaping fiscal outcomes. A necessary resource to understand a broader array of factors that shape fiscal outcomes in specific national contexts, this book will reinvigorate the study of fiscal performance.
Deficits, Debt, and American Politics: Paper Shackles
by Marc Allen EisnerFor most of the nation’s history, periods of growing indebtedness in the United States—a product of wars and economic crises—were followed by reductions in the debt-to-GDP ratio. But why have the last several decades failed to follow this pattern, leaving the national debt at its highest level since World War II? In this groundbreaking new book, author Marc Allen Eisner, who has devoted most of his scholarly career to studying the evolution of the US political economy, explores the significant changes in the fiscal conditions of the United States during the postwar period, embedding the discussion in a broader historical context. He demonstrates that the national debt is in part a product of reduced revenues and the growing costs of the largest entitlement programs, but it also reflects a long series of shocks, including two wars, the financial crisis and Great Recession, and the COVID-19 pandemic. Deficits, Debt, and American Politics chronicles the history of the US debt in the postwar period, placed in the context of broader changes in the political economy and partisan politics. But it grounds this exploration in reader-friendly, chapter-length discussions of public finance, taxation, mandatory spending, and the budgetary process from a policy perspective. The volume concludes with a discussion of the challenges of comprehensive tax and program reform in the current political climate. Deficits, Debt, and American Politics assumes little prior knowledge on the part of the reader, making it an ideal book for courses on public policy and political economy taught at both the upper-level undergraduate and graduate level. The material on public finance, long-term trends in taxation and spending, and the budgetary process, often relegated to descriptive texts, will be invaluable in courses engaging the deficit and debt.
Deficits, Debt, and American Politics: Paper Shackles
by Marc Allen Eisner"For most of the history of the United States, periods of growing indebtedness—a product of wars and economic crises—were followed by reductions in the debt-to-GDP ratio." But why have the last several decades failed to follow this pattern, leaving the national debt at its highest level since World War II? In this groundbreaking new book, author Marc Allen Eisner, who has devoted most of his scholarly career to studying the evolution of the US political economy, explores the significant changes in the fiscal conditions of the United States during the postwar period, embedding the discussion in a broader historical context. He demonstrates that the national debt is in part a product of reduced revenues and the growing costs of the largest entitlement programs, but it also reflects a long series of shocks, including two wars, the financial crisis and Great Recession, and the COVID-19 pandemic. Deficits, Debt, and American Politics chronicles the history of the US debt in the postwar period, placed in the context of broader changes in the political economy and partisan politics. But it grounds this exploration in reader-friendly, chapter-length discussions of public finance, taxation, mandatory spending, and the budgetary process from a policy perspective. The volume concludes with a discussion of the challenges of comprehensive tax and program reforms in the current political climate.Deficits, Debt, and American Politics assumes little prior knowledge on the part of the reader, making it an ideal book for courses on public policy and political economy taught at both the upper-level undergraduate and graduate level. The material on public finance, long-term trends in taxation and spending, and the budgetary process, often relegated to descriptive texts, will be invaluable in courses engaging the deficit and debt.
Deficits, Debt, and the New Politics of Tax Policy
by Dennis S. IppolitoThe Constitution grants Congress the power 'to lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises'. From the First Congress until today, conflicts over the size, role and taxing power of government have been at the heart of national politics. This book provides a comprehensive historical account of US tax policy that emphasizes the relationship between taxes and other budget components. It explains how wars, changing conceptions of the domestic role of government, and beliefs about deficits and debt have shaped the modern tax system. The contemporary focus of this book is the partisan battle over budget policy that began in the 1960s and triggered the disconnect between taxes and spending that has plagued the budget ever since. With the US government now facing its most serious deficit and debt challenge in the modern era, partisan debate over taxation is almost completely divorced from fiscal realities.
Define Broad and Simple Rules: One Path to Executing the "Workforce of One" Approach to People Management
by David Y. Smith Susan CantrellWhen it comes to crafting HR practices that are highly relevant and tailored to individuals, organizations can choose one of four different approaches to what talent management experts Susan Cantrell and David Smith call the "workforce of one." But no matter which approach you choose, the goal is the same: work that is sculpted to fit lives instead of lives that are sculpted to fit work. The reward? Lower employee turnover, greater productivity, and improved profit margins. In this chapter, the authors explore defining broad and simple rules to guide employees toward a desired outcome. This approach allows individuals or their managers to customize people practices by giving them structured freedom-essentially "widening the guardrails" along the route to achieving company goals. This is by no means a laissez-faire approach: workers' freedom is constrained by clear, organizationally determined and approved boundaries and limits. These could be based on the organization's mission and strategy, its values, its resources and budgetary restrictions, or its benchmarks for success. Using rich examples from companies like American Airlines, The Container Store, Best Buy, and Google, the authors show how broad and simple rules work in practice. The chapter concludes with recommendations for customizing your people management practices using this approach-which empowers your workforce and allows your organization to nimbly respond to changing customer needs. This chapter was originally published as Chapter 4 of "Workforce of One: Revolutionizing Talent Management Through Customization."
Define the Future: Manage for a World of Change-Why Leading Toward the Future Is Imperative to Becoming a Great Boss
by Kent Lineback Linda A. HillDo you and the people you lead know where you're going? Have you defined a clear purpose and the goals you must achieve along the way? Do you keep your purpose and goals constantly in mind as you carry out your everyday work? Leading toward the future is a key part of being a great boss, but many bosses admit that they are simply carried along by events, allowing the pressures of today to trump the needs of tomorrow. In this chapter, authors Linda Hill and Kent Lineback explain why you, as a manager, must prepare for the future, because it will inevitably be different from today. They describe the benefits of defining where you're going-for example, it imbues your work with purpose, fosters commitment, reduces conflict, and helps you and your team deal with unforeseen change. The chapter also includes a discussion of written and unwritten plans, including easy-to-follow steps for creating a plan and a list of key questions to ask yourself in the process. The chapter concludes with a section about how you-as a great boss-can guide your group through difficult change. This chapter was originally published as Chapter 8 of "Being the Boss: The 3 Imperatives for Becoming a Great Leader."
Define Your Operating Model: Designing a Foundation for Execution
by David C. Robertson Peter Weill Jeanne W. RossIn this chapter, the authors introduce the operating model as the first essential element for creating the foundation for execution. They describe four different types of operating models, using case studies of JM Family Enterprises, Merrill Lynch, Dow Chemical, TD Banknorth, and Schneider National.
Defined by Design: The Surprising Power of Hidden Gender, Age, and Body Bias in Everyday Products and Places
by Eric Schmidt Kathryn H. AnthonyThis wide-ranging overview of design in everyday life demonstrates how design shapes our lives in ways most of us would never imagine. The author, a leading expert in social and psychological issues in design, uncovers the gender, age, and body biases inherent in the designs of common products and living spaces that we all routinely use. From the schools our children attend and the buildings we work in to ill-fitting clothes and one-size-fits-all seating in public transportation, restaurants, and movie theaters, we are surrounded by an artificial environment that can affect our comfort, our self-image, and even our health.Anthony points out the flaws and disadvantages of certain fashions, children's toys, high-tech gadgets, packaging, public transportation, public restrooms, neighborhood layouts, classrooms, workplaces, hospitals, and more. In an increasingly diverse populace where many body types, age groups, and cultures interact, she argues that it's time our environments caught up. This fascinating book--full of aha moments--will teach readers to recognize the hidden biases in certain products and places and to work for more intelligent and healthy design in all areas of life.From the Trade Paperback edition.