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Decentralised Pay Setting: A Study of the Outcomes of Collective Bargaining Reform in the Civil Service in Australia, Sweden and the UK

IThis title was first published in 2003. In the early 1990s, Australia, Sweden and the UK dismantled the old centralised pay setting systems which set the pay of civil servants and adopted decentralised pay systems. Consequently, these systems are now being considered by many other European countries as they look to reform their own systems. Bender and Elliott analyse the outcomes of these pioneering reforms in all three countries and, in doing so, provide the most detailed analysis of the pay of civil servants in these three countries to date. The authors further assess the effect that decentralisation had on the inequality of pay both within and between different departments, agencies and ministries. They identify the differences in the rates of pay growth for the different grades of civil servants that lie behind the changes in pay inequality, and assess whether decentralisation changed the way in which civil servants are paid.

Decentralization and Infrastructure in the Global Economy: From Gaps to Solutions (Routledge Studies in the Modern World Economy)

The subnational dimension of infrastructure has emerged as one of the greatest challenges in contemporary public finance policy and management. Ensuring the efficient provision of infrastructure represents a challenge for all countries irrespective of their level of centralization or decentralization. This book proposes an innovative approach for the strengthening of decentralized public investment and infrastructure management. Decentralization and Infrastructure in the Global Economy: From Gaps to Solutions covers the most important aspects of infrastructure investment in a decentralized setting. It discusses infrastructure gaps and the quality of subnational spending; how functional responsibilities, financing and equalization can be designed; sector-specific arrangements in high expenditure areas, such as health, education and roads; key steps of the public investment cycle and management; and analyses the political economy and corruption challenges that typically accompany decentralized infrastructure projects. This book challenges some of the well-accepted principles of intergovernmental fiscal relations and will be useful to researchers and practitioners of public finance policy and management.

Decentralization and the Social Economics of Development: Lessons from Kenya

Barrett (applied economics and management, Cornell U. , US), Mude (International Livestock Research Institute, Kenya), and Omiti (Kenya Institute of Public Policy Research and Analysis, Kenya) present research conducted under the auspices of the Strategies and Analysis for Growth and Access project, a USAID funded program cooperatively directed by Cornell and Clark Atlanta Universities. The specific subject of the research presented here concerns the effect of various forms of decentralization on rural development, individual and group empowerment, and rural well-being in Kenya, as well as the institutional correlates of successful and unsuccessful decentralization efforts.

Decentralization, Democracy, and Development: Recent Experience from Sierra Leone

The question of whether political, fiscal, and administrative decentralization improves government effectiveness is hotly debated among researchers and policy makers. 'Decentralization, Democracy, and Development' contributes to the empirical literature on decentralization and the debate on whether it is a viable and desirable state-building strategy for post-conflict countries. This book is a collection of eight papers written by nine authors who were intimately involved in the complex decentralization reform process in Sierra Leone from 2003-07. During this period, Sierra Leone's government established elected district and urban councils across the country, transferred certain responsibilities for primary services and local investment and some financial resources to the new councils, and invested heavily in building the administrative infrastructure and capacity of the local councils. Compared to most other Sub-Saharan African countries that have embarked upon decentralization, Sierra Leone's progress in building local government capacity and restructuring the fiscal system is enviable. The authors conclude that improved security and public services are possible in a decentralizing country and Sierra Leone's progress would not have been possible without significant effort at fiscal decentralization and intensive investment in local government capacity building. The most critical ingredient for this promising but fragile reform process is the dynamic leadership team in charge of promoting the new institutional framework and their persistent effort to achieve quick improvement in the local government system and public services.

The Decentralization Dilemma in India

A report from the International Monetary Fund.

Decentralization, Forests and Rural Communities: Policy Outcomes in Southeast Asia

Asian societies are entering a new era of decentralized governance of forests. The authority to make decisions on forest management has shifted to lower levels of government and, in some cases, to the local people themselves. But can governments simply `decentralize` authority away from the center, or are there certain core elements necessary to achieve sustainable management and conservation of forests in a decentralized world? This book argues that policy solutions to resource dilemmas faced by forest-accessing rural communities must be flexible, and should allow for local dynamics and innovations to take place. Presenting case studies from Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Nepal, Thailand and Vietnam, this volume investigates how decentralization is affecting local stakeholders and their management of forest resources.

Decentralization, Local Governance, and Localizing the Sustainable Development Goals in Asia and the Pacific (Routledge Studies in Sustainable Development)

Since its adoption in 2015, the 2030 Agenda on Sustainable Development has shaped not only international development cooperation but also the design of national trajectories for social and economic development. In tandem with other global agendas adopted that year (such as the Paris Agreement on Climate Change and UN Habitat’s New Urban Agenda) it remains the global and regional blueprint for sustainable development despite the COVID-19 pandemic. The term "localizing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)" has been used to capture the importance of subnational governments for achieving national SDG agendas. However, there is little deeper analysis of the required nexus between fiscal, political, and legal arrangements for SNGs; their involvement in national policy arenas (which discuss and decide on national SDG strategies); and the need for locally disaggregated data systems on the one hand, and effective SDG localization strategies on the other hand. It is this aspect which the present publication explores in greater detail by using country examples and conceptual analyses. The text will be of interest to policymakers, scholars, students and practitioners in public policy and public administration, decentralization, and sustainable development, with a focus on the Asia and Pacific region. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-No Derivative License (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGO).

Decentralization Technologies: Financial Sector in Change (Financial Innovation and Technology)

This book connects decentralization technologies with the world of finance and financial services. Increasingly, the financial sector is data-driven, with tensions arising between technical innovations and regulators’ and consumers’ expectations. Fundamentally, financial markets are competitive data markets. The authors of this edited book first identify where changes in the regulatory and business regime give rise to novel requirements and needs for these data markets. Next, the authors introduce three key decentralization technologies –decentralized digital identities, distributed ledger technologies, and federated learning. They discuss privacy-enhancing technologies such as zero-knowledge proofs and illustrate the demands of practical applications. The authors further provide explicit application examples to illustrate where and how these decentralization technologies allow to reflect business, customer, and regulatory requirements amid competitive markets. The volume concludes with an outlook on governance and the sustainability implications of decentralization.

Decentralized Autonomous Organizations: Innovation and Vulnerability in the Digital Economy (Routledge Studies in the Economics of Innovation)

Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs) constitute a comparatively novel area in academic research and scholarship, but the budding interest in this category of digital and algorithmic organization across various disciplines provides an indication of the possibilities that DAOs wield in terms of informing and advancing our understanding of the potentialities of the digital economy's forthcoming iterations. It also points towards practical use cases to solve problems that the increasing decentralization and amorphization of the structures of the digital economy portend. At the same time, DAOs are afflicted by various strands of skepticism that are attributable to their vulnerabilities, subjacent hype, ultimate purpose, and usefulness. This skepticism also requires scholarly attention and careful study through multidisciplinary perspectives, as further research may come to either dispel or confirm the array of concerns that continue to loom large about DAOs as technological, governance, societal, and economic instruments in the future.With all this in mind, the aim of this book is to offer multiple studied perspectives that explore DAOs from a variety of perspectives across several disciplinary prisms. It does not seek simply to weigh the balance of DAO's merits and demerits, but rather to conceive, appreciate, and discover various elements of ultimate import to DAOs over their future evolutionary course. Drawing upon the insights of interdisciplinary subject matter experts, this book allows for a holistic enquiry into the role, potential and limitations of DAOs. The book will thus be of interest to a multidisciplinary audience of scholars in organizational studies, computer science, economics, sociology of technology, philosophy, law, and the governance of innovation.

Decentralized Business: A Guide to Transforming Business Strategies with Distributed Ledger Technologies

Embark on a journey to business evolution grounded in the real-world experiences and challenges faced by those at the forefront of the Web2 revolution. In a landscape where adaptability is paramount, this book is a guiding light amidst a sea of uncertainty. Crafted by seasoned Web2 professionals, it offers a unique perspective on transitioning from traditional cloud computing to decentralized technologies. Delving beyond theory, this book provides actionable insights and strategies to navigate the complexities of Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLTs). Rather than just discussing the implementation of DLTs, it explores the intricacies of execution, offering tangible guidance to facilitate a seamless transition to the decentralized landscape. Moreover, this book doesn't stop at transition—it's a blueprint for thriving in the Web3 era. By offering strategic perspectives and tactical advice, it equips businesses of all sizes to not only survive but flourish in the decentralized economy. Whether you're a startup poised for disruption or an established enterprise seeking innovation, 'Decentralized Business' empowers you to confidently embrace the future. The time for passive observation is over; the future of business is decentralized, and Decentralized Business is your guide to navigating this evolution. Join the ranks of forward-thinkers shaping tomorrow's economy—secure your copy now and begin the journey of transformation and opportunity. What You Will Learn Understand the foundational concepts of DLTs and their relevance to Web2 professionals. Review security considerations and best practices for implementing decentralized solutions. Apply strategies for integrating DLTs into existing cloud-based infrastructures. Who This Book Is For IT managers and executives looking to explore the potential of decentralized solutions; technology consultants advising businesses on digital transformation and cloud-based strategies; professionals and architects are seeking to expand their knowledge into the realm of DLTs

Decentralized Control and Filtering in Interconnected Dynamical Systems

Based on the many approaches available for dealing with large-scale systems (LSS), Decentralized Control and Filtering in Interconnected Dynamical Systems supplies a rigorous framework for studying the analysis, stability, and control problems of LSS. Providing an overall assessment of LSS theories, it addresses model order reduction, parametric un

Decentralized Finance: The Impact of Blockchain-Based Financial Innovations on Entrepreneurship (Financial Innovation and Technology)

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the rapidly expanding field of decentralized finance (DF) and discusses how entrepreneurs can leverage it in their business activities. Decentralized finance (DF) is a system for exchanging value without centralized intermediaries. It relies heavily on peer-to-peer lending and borrowing, decentralized exchanges, trustless systems, and blockchain. Decentralized Finance is seen as a disruptive technology that could replace traditional financial systems in the future due to its advantages of being inclusive, non-discriminatory, resilient to risk management failures, cost-effective for lenders and borrowers to access the system and more efficient in terms of financial intermediation through automated trustless systems. This book explains the challenges and opportunities that these blockchain-based financial innovations present for both entrepreneurship and the broader financial system.

Decentralized Finance: From Core Concepts to DeFi Protocols for Financial Transactions (Financial Innovation and Technology)

This book addresses the main concepts of Decentralized Finance (DeFi) and the well-known economic problem of inflation within traditional financial systems (TradFi). The authors discuss how both systems are connected and describe how they influence each other. Furthermore, new technological developments in the finance sector are considered and explained. The book provides not only a theoretical background to understand how money has evolved over time but also many practical cases and advise to navigate the digital money era. While digitalization and innovation are evolving rapidly, this book aims to be time-independent in its content and in its focus on concepts. The book appeals not only to an academic audience but also to professionals working in the field.

Decentralized Finance: How Decentralized Applications (dApps) Disrupt Banking (Business Guides on the Go)

This book explores how decentralized finance (DeFi) can disrupt traditional centralized finance including the business areas of insurance companies, banks, money markets, and bonds. DeFi is not a company or a single product, rather it is a collection of products or services. As part of the Ethereum ecosystem, DeFi services are provided as Decentralized Applications (dApps), which require smart contracts to lock in assets for processing transactions. Changing consumer expectations, the availability of affordable technologies, and entrepreneurial drive create space for DeFi. Geopolitical crises and trust deterioration exacerbate the need. This book explains the concept of DeFi, the technological opportunities, the current reality and status quo of business transactions, and demonstrates the potential for future use and the eventual transformation of the financial industry. It further provides a comprehensive analysis of the real-world applications of DeFi, the Decentralized Ledger Technology (DLT), and digital assets, as well as their potential risks to consumers and financial institutions to bankers, managers, investors, and policymakers.

Decentralized Lending: Empirical Analysis of Interest and Liquidation Mechanisms (BestMasters)

This book deals with the concept of Decentralized Lending on the Blockchain.In order to familiarize with the topic, the basic principles of the underlying technology, such as blockchain, smart contracts or the general architecture of Decentralized Finance, are highlighted. More specific points of Decentralized Lending, such as the principle of supplying and borrowing, lending pools and the underlying logic of overcollateralization will be presented in more detail subsequently. Furthermore, the principle of liquidation is explained, with a focus on the underlying reasons for this. The aim is to provide an overview of how Decentralized Loans work and how the interest rates for them are composed. In addition, the empirical part addresses the question of the extent to which price fluctuations of the deposited collateral have an influence on its liquidation.

Decentralized Solutions for Developing Economies

The volume presents innovative approaches to improving energy access in underprivileged communities. A core theme is the use of previously underutilized or unrecognized resources that can be found through synergies in supply and value innovation, novel financing methods, and the use of leapfrog technologies. The contributors illustrate how decentralized approaches and small-scale localized solutions can promote climate change mitigation and adaptation and increase the resiliency of vulnerable communities. This book gathers selected articles from the 2014 Micro energy Systems Conference at UC Berkeley that focus on technical, financial, human, institutional, and natural resource capital. The contributions reflect the latest concepts, theories, methods and techniques, offering a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners and governmental institutions engaged in the field of energy access for developing countries.

Decentralizing Finance: How DeFi, Digital Assets, and Distributed Ledger Technology Are Transforming Finance

A Practitioner's Guide to Decentralized Finance (DeFi), Digital Assets, and Distributed Ledger Technology In Decentralizing Finance: How DeFi, Digital Assets and Distributed Ledger Technology Are Transforming Finance, blockchain and digital assets expert Kenneth Bok offers an insightful exploration of the current state of decentralized finance (DeFi). As distributed ledger technology (DLT) increasingly optimizes and democratizes financial ecosystems worldwide, this book serves as a comprehensive guide to the most salient aspects of the ongoing transformation. The text delves into both crypto-native DeFi and DLT applications in regulated financial markets, providing: Comprehensive analysis of crypto-native DeFi across key areas such as its competitive landscape, infrastructure, financial instruments, activities, and applications Coverage of key risks, mitigation strategies, and regulatory frameworks, analyzed through the perspective of international financial standard-setting bodies Insight into how DLT is reshaping traditional financial systems through innovations like central bank digital currencies (CBDCs), tokenized assets, tokenized deposits, and institutional-grade DeFi platforms In a world where financial technology is rewriting the fundamental code of digital currency, the future of money is undeniably DLT-centric. How will this seismic shift interact with existing financial infrastructures? Can decentralization and traditional banking coexist and potentially synergize? This book endeavors to answer these pressing questions for financial professionals navigating these transformative times. Authored by a former Goldman Sachs trader, past Head of Growth at Zilliqa, and an early Ethereum investor with extensive experience in both traditional finance and the crypto ecosystem, Decentralizing Finance provides you with an insider's perspective on the revolution that is DeFi.

Decentring Development: Understanding Change In Agrarian Society (Anthropology, Change And Development Ser.)

Decentring Health and Care Networks: Reshaping the Organization and Delivery of Healthcare (Organizational Behaviour in Healthcare)

Networks have become a prominent template for public service governance. Often seen as an alternative to hierarchies and contracts, networks cross institutionalized organizational or sectoral boundaries to promote collaboration and the sharing of resources when addressing complex problems. Nowhere is this more the case than in the field of health services modernization and improvement. Comprising unique empirical contributions, drawn primarily from the experience of the UK National Health Service (NHS), this edited collection develops a ‘decentred’ analysis of health and care networks. Contributors look beyond particular structures or patterns of governance and focus instead on the interpretation of the meaningful practices of policy actors as they encounter and enact policy instruments and structures. The approach offers a distinct form of analysis that deepens and enriches more traditional public policy accounts of network governance. It recognizes the influence of local history, highlights the influence of dominant economic, technical and corporate narratives, and acknowledges the continued influence of biomedical knowledge and professional expertise. Offering practical insight for current and future service leaders about the challenges of implementing, managing and working within networks, this book draws out key messages for practitioners and researchers alike.

Deception and Abuse at the Fed

The Federal Reserve-the central bank of the United States-is the most powerful peacetime bureaucracy in the federal government. Under the chairmanship of Alan Greenspan (1987-2006), the Fed achieved near mythical status for its part in managing the economy, and Greenspan was lauded as a genius. Few seemed to notice or care that Fed officials operated secretly with almost no public accountability. There was a courageous exception to this lack of oversight, however: Henry B. Gonzalez (D-TX)-chairman of the U. S. House of Representatives Financial Services (banking) Committee. In Deception and Abuse at the Fed, Robert Auerbach, a former banking committee investigator, recounts major instances of Fed mismanagement and abuse of power that were exposed by Rep. Gonzalez, including:- Blocking Congress and the public from holding powerful Fed officials accountable by falsely declaring-for 17 years-it had no transcripts of its meetings;- Manipulating the stock and bond markets in 1994 under cover of a preemptive strike against inflation;- Allowing $5. 5 billion to be sent to Saddam Hussein from a small Atlanta branch of a foreign bank-the result of faulty bank examination practices by the Fed;- Stonewalling Congressional investigations and misleading the Washington Post about the $6,300 found on the Watergate burglars. Auerbach provides documentation of these and other abuses at the Fed, which confirms Rep. Gonzalez's belief that no government agency should be allowed to operate with the secrecy and independence in which the Federal Reserve has shrouded itself. Auerbach concludes with recommendations for specific, broad-ranging reforms that will make the Fed accountable to the government and the people of the United States.

Deception at Work: Investigating and Countering Lies and Fraud Strategies

Deception at Work tells you how to recognize and deal with lies, in meetings, negotiations, discussions and in writing. It is guaranteed to make you a more effective and confident operator, no matter what job you do. Simply leaving the book on your desk for others to see will improve your chances of not being deceived. The book exposes deception in all of its forms, linking the authors' 40 years of experience in dealing with fraudsters with the most recent findings on MRI scanning and the human brain. It explains how, why and in what circumstances both achievement and exculpatory lies are told, and how they can be resolved. It sets out a low key but effective plan for dealing with liars in all shapes and sizes, from confidence tricksters to malingerers and hard-nosed fraudsters. This ground-breaking work includes the most comprehensive summary of the clues to deception of any book currently in print.

Deception in Business: A Legal Perspective

Discusses several of the most important prohibitions on deception found in U.S. law, starting with the basic elements of liability for fraud and moving to important antifraud provisions in federal statutes, restrictions on "misrepresentation" in consumer and contract law, deceptive nondisclosure, and forms of sales "puffery" that are not legally actionable.

Deception in Business: A Legal Perspective

Discusses several of the most important prohibitions on deception found in U.S. law, starting with the basic elements of liability for fraud and moving to important antifraud provisions in federal statutes, restrictions on "misrepresentation" in consumer and contract law, deceptive nondisclosure, and forms of sales "puffery" that are not legally actionable.

Deception In The Marketplace: The Psychology of Deceptive Persuasion and Consumer Self-Protection

This is the first scholarly book to fully address the topics of the psychology of deceptive persuasion in the marketplace and consumer self-protection. Deception permeates the American marketplace. Deceptive marketing harms consumers’ health, welfare and financial resources, reduces people’s privacy and self-esteem, and ultimately undermines trust in society. Individual consumers must try to protect themselves from marketers’ misleading communications by acquiring personal marketplace deception-protection skills that go beyond reliance on legal or regulatory protections. Understanding the psychology of deceptive persuasion and consumer self-protection should be a central goal for future consumer behavior research. The authors explore these questions. What makes persuasive communications misleading and deceptive? How do marketing managers decide to prevent or practice deception in planning their campaigns? What skills must consumers acquire to effectively cope with marketers’ deception tactics? What does research tell us about how people detect, neutralize and resist misleading persuasion attempts? What does research suggest about how to teach marketplace deception protection skills to adolescents and adults? Chapters cover theoretical perspectives on deceptive persuasion; different types of deception tactics; how deception-minded marketers think; prior research on how people cope with deceptiveness; the nature of marketplace deception protection skills; how people develop deception protection skills in adolescence and adulthood; prior research on teaching consumers marketplace deception protection skills; and societal issues such as regulatory frontiers, societal trust, and consumer education practices. This unique book is intended for scholars and researchers. It should be essential reading for upper level and graduate courses in consumer behavior, social psychology, communication, and marketing. Marketing practitioners and marketplace regulators will find it stimulating and authoritative, as will social scientists and educators who are concerned with consumer welfare.

Deception in Selection: Interviewees and the Psychology of Deceit

The latest research suggests that 33% of people lie deliberately to achieve employment. The costs of mis-hires are significant in terms of management time, selection and reselection costs and potential legal costs. There are 101 opportunities for applicants to economize with the truth, exaggerate or simply lie, both on their CV and at interview. They may be desperate in a competitive job market; they may think that exaggeration is an expected part of the process or they just rely on the fact that many employers still fail to make the most rudimentary of checks of what they are told. Max Eggert’s Deception in Selection will help you, the recruiter, to understand how and why candidates deceive. The book examines proven techniques and tactics to balance the interview game, to restore equity in the face of the clever approaches that sophisticated candidates bring to the interview. Although there is no foolproof way of identifying deception, you can, with practice, become amazingly accurate if there is a commitment to master the basics. The object of this book is to learn how to detect more effectively the fabrications that candidates present in selection situations that would have a direct adverse effect on their performance in the job. Reading it will encourage you to look at lying and truth telling in a new light and discover how pervasively lies and self-deception influence selection decisions. This is a must read guide from a best-selling business author for all those who participate in the selection process.