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Design Principles and Methodologies: From Conceptualization to First Prototyping with Examples and Case Studies (Springer Tracts in Mechanical Engineering)
by Alessandro Freddi Mario SalmonThis book introduces readers to the core principles and methodologies of product development, and highlights the interactions between engineering design and industrial design. It shows to what extent the two cultures can be reconciled, and conversely what makes each of them unique. Although the semantic aspect is fundamental in industrial design, while the functional aspect is essential for the industrial product, the interaction between the two worlds is strategically vital. Design is also a strategic problem-solving process that drives innovation, builds business success and leads to better quality of life through innovative products, systems, services and experiences. The book connects product development with the concepts and strategies of innovation, recognizing that product design is a complex process in which invention, consumers’ role, industrial technologies, economics and the social sciences converge. After presenting several examples of artifacts developed up to the conceptual phase or built as prototypes, the book provides a case study on a packaging machine, showcasing the principles that should underlie all design activities, and the methods that must be employed to successfully establish a design process. The book is primarily targeted at professionals in the industry, design engineers and industrial designers, as well as researchers and students in design schools, though it will also benefit any reader interested in product design.
Design Principles for Process-driven Architectures Using Oracle BPM and SOA Suite 12c
by Matjaz B. Juric Sven BernhardtThis book is intended for BPM and SOA architects, analysts, developers, and project managers who are responsible for, or involved in, business process development, modelling, monitoring, or the implementation of composite, process-oriented applications. The principles are relevant for the design of on-premise and cloud solutions.
Design Project Management
by Griff BoyleDesign Project Management is a guide to contracting and working with designers, and managing design projects proactively through to successful completion. It provides guidance for clients on simultaneously optimizing the business outcome and the creative opportunity of a design project by getting the best from a design project team through leadership, team building, mutual understanding and good communication. It also gives professional guidance to design and architecture students, and can help design consultants to ensure that they and their clients are doing everything right. Griff Boyle takes you through the whole design project from setting business objectives and design parameters, preparation of briefing documentation, shortlisting design consultants and evaluating concept design proposals and fees, to preparing forms of appointment and assembling in-house and 'external' project teams. The author explains how best to establish and meet project objectives, select works contractors and sub-contractors, and administer tenders and contracts. Advice on balancing and monitoring costs and resources, progress and financial reporting, and change control mechanisms is also given. To highlight typical problems and their solutions the author quotes case study examples from interiors, exhibition, refurbishment and multidisciplinary projects. Public and private sector managers involved in building services, retail, leisure, exhibition and office schemes will find this book saves them time and money, whether or not they have an in-house design team.
Design Research in Information Systems
by Alan Hevner Samir ChatterjeeThe study of Information Systems (IS) design is an essential part of the education of IS students and professionals. The purpose of this book is to provide a thorough reference on Design Science Research (DSR), and it comes from two authors closely identified with DSR - Alan Hevner and Samir Chatterjee. As founders of the Design Science Research in Information Systems and Technology (DESRIST) annual conference, and as leading educators and researchers in the field, these authors, along with several invited contributors , are uniquely qualified to create this easy-to-read, easy-to-understand, and easy-to-apply text/reference. Suitable for graduate courses in IS, computer science, software engineering, engineering design and other design-oriented fields, it can be used as a core text or a reference for doctoral seminars in DSR. IS faculty and researchers will find much of value here as well. It requires no extensive background in design and can be appreciated by practitioners working in IS or technology design. Its 18 chapters are all individually referenced, and two appendices provide a reprint of the seminal 2004 MISQ paper by Hevner, March, Park, and Ram, as well as a list of exemplar papers in Design Science. The book provides a thorough introduction to DSR, a look at DSR in IS, examinations of DSR frameworks and design theory, and a look at the key principles of DSR in IS. Other chapters look at design for software-intensive systems, people and design, the past and present of software designs, evaluation methods, focus-group use, design creativity, and a design language for knowledge management systems. Later chapters explore integrating action research with design research, design science in management disciplines, a critical realist perspective of DSR in IS, a taxonomic look at design of emerging digital services, the dissemination of DSR, and, finally, a look at the future for DSR in IS.
Design Research: The Sociotechnical Aspects of Quality, Creativity, and Innovation
by Dorian Marjanović Mario Štorga Stanko ŠkecThe book provides a holistic insight into design research, a comprehensive and cohesive vision of state-of-the-art knowledge about creating and improving quality products, creativity and innovation. Contributions in this volume serve as the illuminating compass for understanding engineering design research, offering a comprehensive perspective on product development, creativity, innovation, invention, and productivity, providing the historical trajectory of design science and exploring the frontiers of engineering design research. The presented educational projects were deployed across EU universities, providing insights for future design courses.Central to the discussions is the pivotal role of sociotechnical dimensions in engineering design, discussing issues of creativity, quality, human-centric methodologies, and the demands of emerging technologies emphasizing their pivotal role in engineering design success.The text offers a panoramic view of design research's current state and critical themes, providing a comprehensive overview for young researchers. Educators and mentors will deepen their knowledge, while experts will refine their methodologies and tools.
Design Rules, Volume 1: The Power of Modularity (The\mit Press Ser. #1)
by Carliss Y. Baldwin Kim B. ClarkWe live in a dynamic economic and commerical world, surrounded by objects of remarkable complexity and power. In many industries, changes in products and technologies have brought with them new kinds of firms and forms of organization. We are discovering news ways of structuring work, of bringing buyers and sellers together, and of creating and using market information. Although our fast-moving economy often seems to be outside of our influence or control, human beings create the things that create the market forces. Devices, software programs, production processes, contracts, firms, and markets are all the fruit of purposeful action: they are designed. Using the computer industry as an example, Carliss Y. Baldwin and Kim B. Clark develop a powerful theory of design and industrial evolution. They argue that the industry has experienced previously unimaginable levels of innovation and growth because it embraced the concept of modularity, building complex products from smaller subsystems that can be designed independently yet function together as a whole. Modularity freed designers to experiment with different approaches, as long as they obeyed the established design rules. Drawing upon the literatures of industrial organization, real options, and computer architecture, the authors provide insight into the forces of change that drive today's economy.
Design Science in Tourism
by Daniel R. Fesenmaier Zheng XiangThis book explores the impact of design science and design thinking on tourism planning, gathering contributions from leading authorities in the field of tourism research and providing a comprehensive and interconnected panorama of cutting-edge results that influence the current and future design of tourist destinations. The book builds on recent findings in psychology, geography and urban and regional planning, as well as from economics, marketing and communications, and explores the opportunities arising from recent advances in the Internet and related technologies like memory, storage, RFID, GIS, mobile and social media in the context of collecting and analyzing traveler-related data. It presents a broad range of insights and cases on how modern design approaches can be used to develop new and better touristic experiences, and how they enable the tourism industry to track and communicate with visitors in a more meaningful way and more effectively manage visitor experiences.
Design Science Methodology for Information Systems and Software Engineering
by Roel J. WieringaThis book provides guidelines for practicing design science in the fields of information systems and software engineering research. A design process usually iterates over two activities: first designing an artifact that improves something for stakeholders and subsequently empirically investigating the performance of that artifact in its context. This "validation in context" is a key feature of the book - since an artifact is designed for a context, it should also be validated in this context. The book is divided into five parts. Part I discusses the fundamental nature of design science and its artifacts, as well as related design research questions and goals. Part II deals with the design cycle, i. e. the creation, design and validation of artifacts based on requirements and stakeholder goals. To elaborate this further, Part III presents the role of conceptual frameworks and theories in design science. Part IV continues with the empirical cycle to investigate artifacts in context, and presents the different elements of research problem analysis, research setup and data analysis. Finally, Part V deals with the practical application of the empirical cycle by presenting in detail various research methods, including observational case studies, case-based and sample-based experiments and technical action research. These main sections are complemented by two generic checklists, one for the design cycle and one for the empirical cycle. The book is written for students as well as academic and industrial researchers in software engineering or information systems. It provides guidelines on how to effectively structure research goals, how to analyze research problems concerning design goals and knowledge questions, how to validate artifact designs and how to empirically investigate artifacts in context - and finally how to present the results of the design cycle as a whole.
Design Science Methodology for the Management Sciences: From Foundations to Implementation (Springer Texts in Business and Economics)
by Raymond Opdenakker Carin CuijpersThis textbook is a comprehensive guide to applying design science methodology to solve field problems within and between organizations. Aimed at students, managers, researchers, and professionals in the management sciences, this textbook explores how tacit knowledge can be scientifically extracted and transformed into actionable solution concepts, or artifacts. Key concepts include the co-evolution of problem and design spaces, the development of design propositions, and the creation of practical models, protocols, and policies. The book introduces a new paradigm that balances rigor with relevance, detailing how design propositions can lead to real-world applications. Through its detailed exploration of design science research, the book not only offers tools for immediate problem-solving but also contributes to the broader body of knowledge in management sciences.
Design Science Research. Cases (Progress in IS)
by Jan Vom Brocke Alan Hevner Alexander MaedcheDesign Science Research is a powerful paradigm enabling researchers to make important contributions to society and industry. Simply stated, the goal of DSR is to generate knowledge on how to find innovative solutions to important problems in the form of models, methods, constructs and instantiations. Over the past 20 years, the design science research (DSR) paradigm has developed into an established paradigm in Information Systems Research and it is of strong uptake in many other disciplines, including Management Science and Computer Science. This book provides a collection of twelve DSR cases, presented by experienced researchers in the field. It offers readers access to real-world DSR studies, together with the authors’ reflections on their research processes. These cases will support researchers who want to engage in DSR, and represent a valuable addition to existing introductions to DSR methods and processes. Readers will learn from the hands-on experiences of respected experts who have conducted extensive DSR in a range of application contexts.
Design Science Research Methodology: Theory Development from Artifacts
by José Osvaldo De SordiThis book addresses the science of artificial and design theory in the context of the scientific research development environment. The author discusses the concepts, activities and techniques associated with the emerging methodology Design Science Research (DSR). Further, he examines the main challenges for its implementation, based on an analysis of the DSR literature, variations of DSR (i.e. Action Design Research, and Grounded Design), and the applicability of DSR in various disciplines related to innovation, both within and outside of the professional school. As a result, this book goes beyond conceptual issues of DSR, presenting and discussing more pragmatic issues and challenges faced by researchers. Design Science Research Methodology offers researchers in a variety of disciplines an examination of the various phases of scientific research development and communication.
Design Social Change: Take Action, Work toward Equity, and Challenge the Status Quo (Stanford d.school Library)
by Lesley-Ann Noel Stanford d.schoolDiscover design strategies for using your own unique social identities and experiences as inspiration to challenge the status quo and create the kind of lasting change that leads to greater equity and social justice, from Stanford University's d.school.Who are you? What motivates you as a changemaker? What forces are preventing you (and others) from thriving? These questions are essential to the work of creating social change, and they are exactly what Design Social Change asks you to explore.Designer and design educator Lesley-Ann Noel shares the essential design strategies for making a lasting impact. This work starts with knowing yourself and builds outward into making change in your community and the larger world. Design Social Change gives you tools to tailor your approach to design, taking into account your history, personality, ethics, and goals for a better future.The strategies for change are based on equity and fairness, understanding your own role in these systems of both justice and inequity. These strategies demonstrate how to use anger, joy, and empathy as inspiration for understanding what people need to thrive. Using the tools of design, these new approaches will help you craft projects that are relevant to you and create more just, equitable futures. The time is always right to work toward a fair and just society.
Design Sprint: A Practical Guidebook for Building Great Digital Products
by Richard Banfield C. Todd Lombardo Trace WaxWith more than 500 new apps entering the market every day, what does it take to build a successful digital product? You can greatly reduce your risk of failure with design sprints, a process that enables your team to prototype and test a digital product idea within a week. This practical guide shows you exactly what a design sprint involves and how you can incorporate the process into your organization.Design sprints not only let you test digital product ideas before you pour too many resources into a project, they also help everyone get on board—whether they’re team members, decision makers, or potential users. You’ll know within days whether a particular product idea is worth pursuing.Design sprints enable you to:Clarify the problem at hand, and identify the needs of potential usersExplore solutions through brainstorming and sketching exercisesDistill your ideas into one or two solutions that you can testPrototype your solution and bring it to lifeTest the prototype with people who would use it
Design Strategy: Challenges in Wicked Problem Territory (Design Thinking, Design Theory)
by Nancy C. RobertsA new approach to addressing the contemporary world&’s most difficult challenges, such as climate change and poverty.Conflicts over &“the problem&” and &“the solution&” plague the modern world and land problem solvers in what has been called &“wicked problem territory&”—a social space with high levels of conflict over problems and solutions. In Design Strategy, Nancy C. Roberts proposes design as a strategy of problem solving to close the gap between an existing state and a desired state. Utilizing this approach, designers and change agents are better able to minimize self-defeating conflicts over problems and solutions, break the logjam of opposition, and avoid the traps that lock problem solvers into a never-ending cycle of conflict.Design as a field continues to grow and evolve, but Design Strategy focuses on three levels of design where &“wicked problems&” tend to lurk—strategic design (of private and public organizations), systemic design (of networked and overlapping economic, technical, political, and social subsystems), and regenerative design (of life-giving realignment between humanity and nature). Within this framework, Roberts presents refreshingly interdisciplinary case studies that integrate theory and practice across diverse fields to guide professionals in any domain—from business and nonprofit organizations to educational and healthcare systems—and finally offers hope that humanity can tackle the existential challenges we face in the twenty-first century.
Design Structure Matrix Methods and Applications (Engineering Systems)
by Steven D. Eppinger Tyson R. BrowningAn introduction to a powerful and flexible network modeling tool for developing and understanding complex systems, with many examples from a range of industries.Design structure matrix (DSM) is a straightforward and flexible modeling technique that can be used for designing, developing, and managing complex systems. DSM offers network modeling tools that represent the elements of a system and their interactions, thereby highlighting the system's architecture (or designed structure). Its advantages include compact format, visual nature, intuitive representation, powerful analytical capacity, and flexibility. Used primarily so far in the area of engineering management, DSM is increasingly being applied to complex issues in health care management, financial systems, public policy, natural sciences, and social systems. This book offers a clear and concise explanation of DSM methods for practitioners and researchers.
The Design Student's Journey: understanding How Designers Think
by Bryan LawsonBeing a professional designer is one of the most intellectually rewarding careers. Learning to become a designer can be tremendous fun but it can also be frustrating and at times painful. What you have to do to become a designer is not often clearly laid out and can seem mysterious. Over the past 50 years or so we have discovered a great deal about how designers think. This book relies upon that knowledge but presents it in a way specifically intended to help the student and perhaps the teacher. Bryan Lawson’s classic book How Designers Think has been in print since 1980 and has gone through four editions to keep it up to date. This book can be seen as a companion volume for the design student.
Design Technology and Digital Production: An Architecture Anthology
by Gabriel EsquivelThis book is a rigorous account of architecture’s theoretical and technological concerns over the last decade. The anthology presents projects and essays produced at the end of the first digital turn and the start of the second digital turn. This anthology engages and deploys a variety of discourses, topics, criteria, pedagogies, and technologies, including some of today’s most influential architects, practitioners, academics, and critics. It is an unflinchingly rigorous and unapologetic account of architecture’s disciplinary concerns in the last decade. This is a story that has not been told; in recent years everything has been refracted through the prism of the post-digital generation.Design Technology and Digital Production illustrates the shift to an architectural world where we can learn with and from each other, develop a community of new technologies and embrace a design ecology that is inclusive, open, and visionary. This collection fosters a sense of shared experience and common purpose, along with a collective responsibility for the well-being of the discipline of architecture as a whole.
Design Technology in Contemporary Architectural Practice
by Dominik HolzerDesign Technology in Contemporary Architectural Practice lifts the curtain to unveil how eleven world-leading design studios integrate technology (such as computational design, BIM, and digital fabrication) as part of their day-to-day design exploration and delivery. Via first-hand accounts, the book offers rare insights about how these firms apply technology to purposefully disrupt and support their creative design processes in order to then explore how technology can be integrated on an organisational level. The resulting practice stories are loosely tied to four chapters that discuss how Design Technology corresponds to studio culture, collaboration and delivery protocols, business opportunities, knowledge sharing, staff empowerment, and more. The author is less interested in presenting the latest and greatest tools than in focusing on cultural and organisational challenges and opportunities. This book benefits both the professional market (such as design firms reflecting on their technology use), as well as the academic context (with its critical reflection on the interface between design process and technology support). Stories from the following design firms are included: Coop Himmelb(l)au Foster + Partners Bjarke Ingels Group (BIG) Zaha Hadid Architects Diller Scofidio + Renfo Heatherwick Studio Morphosis Architects SO-IL Woods Bagot Herzog & de Meuron LASSA
Design that Scales: Creating a Sustainable Design System Practice
by Dan MallAfter years of building the same interface elements, some designers and developers get wise and try to create reusable, common solutions to help everyone stop reinventing the wheel every time. Most fail. In Design That Scales, design systems expert Dan Mall draws on his extensive experience helping some of the world's most recognizable brands create design practices that are truly sustainable and successful. "Dan's book is a game–changer for our approach to design systems, leading to significant changes at my company, making it a must–read for streamlining anyone’s complex design systems!" —Nadine Sarraj, Product Designer, 365 Retail Markets Who Should Read This Book? People who are building and maintaining design systems, large or small. Designers, engineers, and product managers who are in search of a more efficient way to work. Leaders and executives who want to effect change but aren't sure how to do it. People who have designed web forms and tables, but don't know what’s next. Takeaways - A design system is crucial for any organization managing two or more digital products. Learn how to create, manage, and sustain a successful design system. - See how the ecosystem of a design system works in order to understand the context for success. - Figure out where the people involved in a design system fit and how they can best collaborate. - Learn the metrics for success within a design system and how to measure them. - Determine the best techniques for marketing your design system to stakeholders. - Learn what guidance and relationships are crucial for a design system to succeed. - See the end-of-chapter questions that highlight how to guide your design system to a profitable outcome.
Design Thinking (Routledge-Noordhoff International Editions)
by Teun den DekkerThis book is not just for reading. Design Thinking is something you need to actually do. Reading about design thinking will increase your knowledge, but by doing it, you will learn what design thinking can mean for you, in your studies and your work. In this book we encourage you to take action: design thinking by doing. Since the end of the last millennium, design thinking has received an increasing amount of attention from the business community, social organizations, universities and colleges.Organizations are confronted with complex problems and issues that are no longer self-containe, clear or easy to define. The creative solution strategy offered by design thinking appears to be increasingly needed to adequately respond to the questions, wishes and needs of customers and society as a whole. This book unravels the thinking and working process of design thinking and offers practical tools for getting started. The author approaches design thinking in four chapters, from different perspectives: as a way of thinking, a way of working, a project approach and a tool box.Design thinking is a way of thinking answers the questions: How do design thinkers approach problems and challenges? Which six fundamental attitudes do they use and what do you need to know in order to use them? Design thinking is a way of working answers questions such as: What phases and milestones does the design process distinguish? What is the difference between the more structured design process and the ‘messy’ cycle of design thinking? Because you learn design thinking by doing, you will practice this in Design thinking is a project approach.Finally, in the last chapter Design thinking is a tool box, the methods and tools that you use in a design project will be discussed. This international edition of Design Thinking is written for students and workers who want to apply design thinking to tackle challenges, problems or complex (social) issues in a different, practical way within their own professional practice.
Design Thinking: Beyond the Sticky Notes
by Devyani M. LalDesign thinking may forever remain as Ideo’s original creative solution to innovation but today it has been popularly adopted by Apple, Google, Samsung and the GEs of the world as a go to mantra for business growth. While Ideo and other Silicon Valley experts have always been emulated for their unique thinking, the dynamic variables of Indian industry such as its competitive economy, evolving demographics, tastes and preferences prove that prescribed design thinking models do not always provide absolute solutions. Design Thinking: Beyond the Sticky Note showcases that design is much more than developing aesthetically appealing products. It discusses various philosophies of design in today’s context such as design for debate, design for growth, design for social impact, human-centered design and mindful design. The book captures the views of design practitioners working in organizations like BYJU’S, Microsoft, Zoom, Rovio Entertainment, Google and Palantir Technologies. Design thinking is not limited to a position, profession or specialization. It is for everyone! The book incorporates evolved tools of design thinking which allows the creation and validation of design solutions focusing on user needs. In addition, this book highlights the shift in design from industrial product design to systems thinking through examples of technology and data driven aspects of design. It will be an insightful and useful read for design practitioners and thinkers in India as well as for industry professionals who would like to learn, use and apply the design thinking approach in daily and professional lives.
Design Thinking: Integrating Innovation, Customer Experience, and Brand Value
by Thomas LockwoodThis thought-provoking and inspirational book covers such topics as: developing a solid creative process through "Visual Reflection Notebooks” and "Bring Play to Work”; understanding the artist’s unique identity in relation to the larger culture; building systems of support and collaboration; explaining how an artist’s needs and passions can lead to innovation and authenticity; using language to inspire visual creativity; responding to the Internet and changing concepts of what is public and private; and accepting digression as a creative necessity. Through the exercises and techniques outlined in Art Without Compromise*, the reader will develop new confidence to pursue individual goals and inspiration to explore new paths, along with motivation to overcome creative blocks. With a revised understanding of the relevance in their own work within the sphere of contemporary culture, the artist will come away with a clearer perspective on his or her past and future work and a critical eye for personal authenticity.
Design Thinking: New Product Development Essentials from the PDMA
by Michael G. Luchs Scott Swan Abbie GriffinDevelop a more systematic, human-centered, results-oriented thought process Design Thinking is the Product Development and Management Association's (PDMA) guide to better problem solving and decision-making in product development and beyond. The second in the New Product Development Essentials series, this book shows you how to bridge the gap between the strategic importance of design and the tactical approach of design thinking. You'll learn how to approach new product development from a fresh perspective, with a focus on systematic, targeted thinking that results in a repeatable, human-centered problem-solving process. Integrating high-level discussion with practical, actionable strategy, this book helps you re-tool your thought processes in a way that translates well beyond product development, giving you a new way to approach business strategy and more. Design is a process of systematic creativity that yields the most appropriate solution to a properly identified problem. Design thinking disrupts stalemates and brings logic to the forefront of the conversation. This book shows you how to adopt these techniques and train your brain to see the answer to any question, at any level, in any stage of the development process. Become a better problem-solver in every aspect of business Connect strategy with practice in the context of product development Systematically map out your new product, service, or business Experiment with new thought processes and decision making strategies You can't rely on old ways of thinking to produce the newest, most cutting-edge solutions. Product development is the bedrock of business —whether your "product" is a tangible object, a service, or the business itself — and your approach must be consistently and reliably productive. Design Thinking helps you internalize this essential process so you can bring value to innovation and merge strategy with reality.
Design Thinking: How Thinking Like a Designer Can Create Sustainable Advantage
by Roger L. MartinDesigners tend to actively look for new data points, challenge prevailing wisdom, and wonder about possible new worlds. However, to many middle managers, asking them to think like a designer is tantamount to asking them to be less productive and more subversive and flaky. For many leaders, the risk of breaking with time-tested data and experience in favor of innovation is too great. But for design-thinking expert Roger Martin, the real danger to the corporation is to maintain an environment that is hostile to creativity, leaving it at the mercy of competitors who look upstream to find unprecedented solutions to business problems. In this chapter, he explains why embracing abductive reasoning--a skill exhibited by the most imaginative designers--alongside more traditional inductive and deductive models is in the best interest of organizations that want to prosper from design thinking, and individuals who want to be design thinkers. The case of RIM--creator of the Blackberry--is examined. This chapter was originally published as Chapter 3 of "The Design of Business: Why Design Thinking Is the Next Competitive Advantage."
Design Thinking
by Hasso Plattner Larry Leifer Christoph Meinel"Everybody loves an innovation, an idea that sells." But how do we arrive at such ideas that sell? And is it possible to learn how to become an innovator? Over the years Design Thinking - a program originally developed in the engineering department of Stanford University and offered by the two D-schools at the Hasso Plattner Institutes in Stanford and in Potsdam - has proved to be really successful in educating innovators. It blends an end-user focus with multidisciplinary collaboration and iterative improvement to produce innovative products, systems, and services. Design Thinking creates a vibrant interactive environment that promotes learning through rapid conceptual prototyping. In 2008, the HPI-Stanford Design Thinking Research Program was initiated, a venture that encourages multidisciplinary teams to investigate various phenomena of innovation in its technical, business, and human aspects. The researchers are guided by two general questions: 1. What are people really thinking and doing when they are engaged in creative design innovation? How can new frameworks, tools, systems, and methods augment, capture, and reuse successful practices? 2. What is the impact on technology, business, and human performance when design thinking is practiced? How do the tools, systems, and methods really work to get the innovation you want when you want it? How do they fail? In this book, the researchers take a system's view that begins with a demand for deep, evidence-based understanding of design thinking phenomena. They continue with an exploration of tools which can help improve the adaptive expertise needed for design thinking. The final part of the book concerns design thinking in information technology and its relevance for business process modeling and agile software development, i.e. real world creation and deployment of products, services, and enterprise systems.