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The Development of Intellectual Property Regimes in the Arabian Gulf States: Infidels at the Gates (Routledge Research in Intellectual Property)
by David Price Alhanoof AlDebasiThis book examines the development of national legislative regimes for the protection of intellectual property rights in the Arabian Gulf states: Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. David Price analyses IP rights in these states in the context of WTO membership, and consequent compliance with the requirements of the WTO’s TRIPS Agreement. The challenges of domestic enforcement of the states’ IP laws receive critical attention. A particular focus of the book is on foreign forces which have shaped or influenced the character of the states’ IP protection regimes. It includes commentary on the contribution of foreign states, the WTO and WIPO in the pre-TRIPS and TRIPS compliance stages, and the US bilateral trade strategy for pursuing IP protection standards that exceed those enshrined in TRIPS, and the impact of these forces upon the states’ enforcement performance. The role of the Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR) and the Special 301 provisions as a powerful tool in the US’ bilateral strategy receives particular attention. The intellectual property laws of these states have been developed virtually in the span of a single generation, and the process of change is continuing. As such, this book will interest practitioners both in and outside of the region, and those with an interest in intellectual property law, comparative law, Middle East legal systems and affairs, and international trade.
The Development of International Banking in Asia (Studies in Economic History)
by Takeshi Nishimura Ayumu SugawaraTo provide an understanding of financial globalization from a historical point of view, this book sheds light on international banking in Asia before World War II. International banking facilitated the relationship between Asian economic development and international financial centres. Focusing on the origins of a wide variety of banks not just from Europe but beyond Europe, such as the United States and Asia, particularly Japan and China, this book comprehensively explores competition and collaboration among international banks in Asia. It clarifies international banking’s role of integrating the global market and the impact on both ends of the global economy—the international financial centres in the developed world and the developing economies in Asia. Economic development in Asia from the late nineteenth century to the 1930s as a part of the globalizing economy mirrors Asia’s current role as the global economic-growth powerhouse. This book focuses on the two key similarities between Asia’s past and present: intra-Asian relationships and the relationship between Asia and developed economies, namely, Europe, the United States, and Japan. Getting into the heart of the relationships, i.e., finance, this book presents a sophisticated and realistic image of the tangled network of international economic relations, distinguished from the conventional image of a one-sided advantage or disadvantage among involved nations.
The Development of International Insurance (Financial History #15)
by Robin PearsonDespite their economic and social importance, there are relatively few book-length studies of national insurance industries. This collection of nine essays by a group of international experts redresses this balance; providing an extensive geographical and thematic spread, linked via an extensive introduction.
The Development of International Monetary Policy (Routledge International Studies in Money and Banking)
by Christopher E.S. WarburtonThe Development of International Monetary Policy traces the development of international monetary policy from mercantilism to quantitative easing. It has been structured to present some of the pressing issues in international monetary relations involving currency valuation, inflation, exchange rates, and regional monetary policy. Additionally, it presents international monetary law as a basis for understanding the concept of monetary sovereignty and the limits of state autonomy in an interdependent world of legal arrangements. The book revisits some controversial arguments about stagflation and expansionary monetary policy, and it uses current time series data and empirical evidence to show why theories about the trade-off between inflation and unemployment are not extinct. Part of the concluding argument indicates that it is imperative for the international community to have a structure for monetary dispute resolutions involving autonomous states. Notably, the author further concludes that fiat money will continue to be a dominant unit of account, more so than crypto-currencies, into the distant future. An accessible and practical read, this is book is a valuable resource for postgraduates, academics and researchers of international trade, finance and economics.
The Development of Iran’s Upstream Oil and Gas Industry: The Potential Role of New Concession Contracts (Routledge Research in Energy Law and Regulation)
by Mahmoud Fard KardelThis book critically examines different forms of petroleum contracts, the historical perspective of the oil and gas industry and the political economy of the petroleum development in Iran. In doing this, the author provides analysis of the concept of concession in oil and gas development. This is discussed through the main forms of concession contracts; namely, the classic concession contract (CCC) and the new concession contract (NCC). The book ties together much of the existing work on the history of oil and gas regulation in Iran and builds on that foundation to propose a coherent and balanced approach within the framework of the NCC. To consider the role of the NCC in developing national upstream oil and gas industry, comparative examples are drawn from countries currently using, or having previously used, NCC oil and gas contracts. The selected developed and developing countries are Brazil, Thailand, the United Kingdom, Australia and Norway. The analysis considers the extent to which the NCC has served to advance the objectives and national interests of the national governments in this industry. The book involves a comparative exploration of the utilisation of NCCs in other jurisdictions and synthesises a framework through which Iran may develop its underutilised oil and gas resources. Of interest to academics, students and practitioners throughout the world, this book focuses on the relevant aspects of Iran’s Constitution and natural resource laws and makes recommendations for law reform to Iran’s legal frameworks.
The Development of Japanese Business: 1600-1973 (Routledge Library Editions: Business And Economics In Asia Ser. #8)
by Johannes Hirschmeier Tusenehiko YuiFirst Published in 2005. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
The Development Of Managerial Culture
by Arthur J. WolakThe Development of Managerial Culture examines the differences in underlying values and cultural distinctions in managerial cultures in Australia and Canada. It offers commentary on differences in attitudes to managerial culture and industrial relations through a comparison of national character development to provide context and insight for readers
The Development of Modern Industries in Bengal: ReIndustrialisation, 1858–1914 (Routledge Explorations in Economic History)
by Indrajit RayBengal’s traditional industries, once celebrated worldwide, largely decayed under the backwash effects of the British Industrial Revolution in the first half of the nineteenth century. Although colonial ambivalence is often cited as an explanation, this study also shows that a series of new industries emerged during this period. The book reappraises the thesis of India’s deindustrialisation and discusses the development status of the traditional industries in the early nineteenth century, examines their technology, employment opportunities and marketing and, finally, analyses the underlying reasons for their decay. It offers a study of how traditional industries evolved into modern enterprises in a British colony, and contributes to the broader discussion on the global history of industrialisation. This book will be of interest to scholars of Indian economic history as well as those who seek to understand the widespread effects of industrialisation, especially in a colonial context.
The Development of Natural Language Processing: Research on the Development of Electronic Information Engineering Technology in China
by China Info & Comm Tech Grp CorpThis book is a part of the Blue Book series “Research on the Development of Electronic Information Engineering Technology in China”, which explores the cutting edge of natural language processing (NLP) studies.The research objects of natural language processing are evolved from words, phrases, and sentences to text, and research directions are from language analysis, language understanding, language generation, knowledge graphs, machine translation, to deep semantic understanding, and beyond. This is in line with the development trend of applications. And for another typical NLP application machine translation, from text translation, to voice and image translation, now simultaneous interpretation, progress of technology makes the application of machine translation deeper and wider into diverse industries.This book is intended for researchers and industrial staffs who have been following the current situation and future trends of the natural language processing. Meanwhile, it also bears high value of reference for experts, scholars, and technical and engineering managers of different levels and different fields.
Development of Procedures and Technical Manuals for the Marine and Offshore Industries (Synthesis Lectures on Ocean Systems Engineering)
by Alexander Arnfinn Olsen Fidaa KarkoriThis book is devoted to the development of procedures and technical manuals for the marine and offshore industries, providing a comprehensive guide to creating clear, effective instructional materials. At the heart of this book is the matter of safety and environmental considerations, ensuring that all documentation aligns with current practices, policies, and regulatory requirements. The chapters cover topics such as the role of instructional materials, writing techniques, the use of graphics, and the processes for verifying, validating, approving, certifying, and implementing these materials. The authors present an expert analysis of how well-written administrative, regulatory, operating, emergency, maintenance, and routine duty procedures can enhance productivity and reduce accidents. Readers will also discover practical insights into managing instructional materials within safety programs. This book is essential for engineers and professionals tasked with developing technical manuals and texts in safety-critical industries. It serves as a valuable reference for academics and students in industrial design and engineering, as well as a textbook for students of marine architecture. Offshore installation managers and senior safety management professionals will find this guide indispensable for ensuring consistency and quality control in their operations.
The Development of Professional Management: Training, Consultancy, and Management Theory in Industrial History (Routledge Focus on Industrial History)
by John F. Wilson Ian Jones Steven TomsThis shortform book presents key peer-reviewed research selected by expert series editors and contextualised by new analysis from each author on the development of professional management. With contributions on consultancy and training consultants, Taylorism and its appeal to socialists, the social position of managers, and the growth of the managerial class. Of interest to business and economic historians, this shortform book also provides analysis and illustrative case-studies that will be valuable reading across the social sciences.
The Development of Service Economy
by Zhenhua ZhouThis book focuses on service economy development, particularly on how an industrial economy evolves into a service economy. The book is organized in three sections: The first theoretically answers the general question "what is the service economy?" The second explains the mechanism of the service economy's formation and development, revealing the evolution trends and attempts to answer the question "where does the service economy come from?" The third section includes an in-depth analysis of Chinese case studies to answer the key question "how can the service economy development be promoted?" Readers will discover what the service economy is and how it relates to and differs from the industrial economy. More importantly, it will provide policy-makers with suggestions for how to promote service-economy development.
Development of Small-scale Industries During the New Order Government in Indonesia (Routledge Revivals)
by Tulus Tahi TambunanThis title was first published in 2000: As in many other LDCs, in Indonesia small-scale industries (SSIs) are important, particularly with respect to the creation of employment opportunities. SSIs are expected to absorb many millions of workers who have been displaced by current economic crisis. This work seeks to explain the pattern of development of SSIs in Indonesia within a broader theoretical framework. It also deals with a number of SSI development-related aspects that in Indonesia so far have never or rarely been studied, such as the formation of strategic alliance, cluster development, and application of theories of flexible specialization to the LDCs. The book also tries to examine empirically the effects of the current economic crisis and to assess theoretically the likely impact of the full implementation of the agreed IMF reform package on SSI development in the country. Main problems faced by small producers and the government policy environment are highlighted through several detailed examples.
Development of Smart Context-Aware Services for Cargo Transportation: An Operational Management Approach (International Series in Operations Research & Management Science #330)
by Dalė Dzemydienė Aurelija Burinskienė Kristina Čižiūnienė Arūnas MiliauskasWith a focus on cargo transportation, this book addresses the development of approaches intended to secure an infrastructure of smart services to support the adaptive implementation of online multi-modal freight transport management processes. It discusses the development of multi-criteria decision-making components and their integration into the multi-layered computer-based information management of intelligent systems. Through detailed descriptions of various components of intelligent transport management systems, the book demonstrates how to develop the services needed in the right place and at the right time, and how to properly adapt to user needs, making necessary interventions to ensure the safety of the transportation process. Further, it describes the main ways to increase the autonomy and efficiency of user-vehicle interaction and shows how Information and Communications Technology (ICT) structural support for current and past situations in AI-based systems can help to anticipate future developments in freight transportation.
Development of Solar Cells: Theory and Experiment (Challenges and Advances in Computational Chemistry and Physics #32)
by Jerzy Leszczynski Supratik Kar Juganta K. RoyThis book presents a comprehensive overview of the fundamental concept, design, working protocols, and diverse photo-chemicals aspects of different solar cell systems with promising prospects, using computational and experimental techniques. It presents and demonstrates the art of designing and developing various solar cell systems through practical examples. Compared to most existing books in the market, which usually analyze existing solar cell approaches this volume provides a more comprehensive view on the field. Thus, it offers an in-depth discussion of the basic concepts of solar cell design and their development, leading to higher power conversion efficiencies. The book will appeal to readers who are interested in both fundamental and application-oriented research while it will also be an excellent tool for graduates, researchers, and professionals working in the field of photovoltaics and solar cell systems.
The Development of the American Public Accounting Profession: Scottish Chartered Accountants and the Early American Public Accountancy Profession (Routledge New Works in Accounting History #Vol. 7)
by T.A. LeeThe book presents a series of researched biographies of professional accountants who immigrated to the United States and developed their careers there in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. This volume is a tribute to the efforts of a relatively small group of Scots who helped to establish and nurture American public accountancy at a time when demand for its services greatly exceeded the ability of native-born accountants to provide them.
The Development of the Art Market in England: Money as Muse, 1730–1900 (Financial History #17)
by Thomas M Bayer John R. PageThis book gives a comprehensive account of the history and underlying economics of the modern art market in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Britain.
The Development of the Chinese Financial System and Reform of Chinese Commercial Banks (The\nottingham China Policy Institute Ser.)
by Dan LuoThe Chinese financial sector, despite having been developed at a much later stage compared with other developed nations, has achieved substantial progresses over the past decades. By the end of 2014, a total of 16 commercial banks had been listed on the stock exchanges, exerting strong impact onto the market indices and contributing significantly to the country's sustained economic growth. This book reviews the evolution of the Chinese financial system, examining the effectiveness of reform strategies made by the government over the last ten years. The first chapter offers a comprehensive review of the development of the Chinese banking sector and the state-owned banks (SOBs). The second chapter focuses on the efficiency of the Chinese banking sector. Employing data envelopment analysis (DEA) and stochastic frontier analysis (SFA), the author tests the change of efficiency within the Chinese banking sector over the past decade. It also looks at the strategy adopted by the Chinese government as the final attempt in reforming its troublesome SOBs and the effectiveness of such a reform strategy. The next chapter examines the corporate governance practise of the Chinese commercial banks, and the author follows by investigating the effect of the 2007 US credit crunch on Chinese banks and the country's wider economy. Other chapters survey the influence of foreign entry to the Chinese domestic banking sector, and the development of shadow banking in China. The author concludes by discussing the role of the central bank, namely the People's Bank of China (PBOC), and its role in implementing effective policies to promote economic growth.
Development of the Commercial Banking System in Afghanistan: Risks and Rewards
by Jelena Pavlović Joshua CharapA report from the International Monetary Fund.
The Development of the Economies of Continental Europe 1850-1914 (Routledge Revivals)
by Alan Milward S. B. SaulThis work, first published in 1977, is a reissue of a trailblazing work; the first textbook of economic history to deal comprehensively with the economic development of the whole continent in this period and to do so from a continental rather than a British perspective. But it is more than merely a textbook: it is an interpretative synthesis of the wide range of research on this subject in many countries. As such it will be an indispensable guide for teachers and will extend and improve the scope of teaching by making available for the first time in English the results of continental research. In addition, it is a work of fundamental interest to economists in which theories and hypotheses of economic development are now examined in a much wider historical context. In this way the book is an exploration of the objective validity of earlier theories and the starting point for further research into economic development and european history. The work covers the continental development of the German and French economies after 1870 and then in that context analyses the development of the smaller western economies. It then considers the relatively underdeveloped economies of eastern and southern Europe and includes the first attempt at a synthesis of economic development before 1914 in the Balkans. It concludes with an analysis of the international economy and its relationship to the economic development of the continent.
Development of the Global Film Industry: Industrial Competition and Cooperation in the Context of Globalization (China Perspectives)
by Qiao LiThe global film industry has witnessed significant transformations in the past few years. Regions outside the USA have begun to prosper while non-traditional production companies such as Netflix have assumed a larger market share and online movies adapted from literature have continued to gain in popularity. How have these trends shaped the global film industry? This book answers this question by analyzing an increasingly globalized business through a global lens. Development of the Global Film Industry examines the recent history and current state of the business in all parts of the world. While many existing studies focus on the internal workings of the industry, such as production, distribution and screening, this study takes a "big picture" view, encompassing the transnational integration of the cultural and entertainment industry as a whole, and pays more attention to the coordinated development of the film industry in the light of influence from literature, television, animation, games and other sectors. This volume is a critical reference for students, scholars and the public to help them understand the major trends facing the global film industry in today’s world.
The Development of the Hotel and Tourism Industry in the Twentieth Century: Comparative Perspectives from Western Europe, 1900–1970 (Palgrave Studies in Economic History)
by Carlos Larrinaga Donatella StrangioThis edited collection explores the pivotal role of the hotel industry in building Western Europe’s tourism economy during the 20th century. The book brings together ten contributions focused on the same period, 1900-1970, to offer comparative perspectives from across the region including Italy, Switzerland, France, Spain and Britain. Drawing on historical case studies, chapters illuminate the different factors linking hotels and the broader tourism system including interventions of the public authorities and the State, the importance of private involvement, commercial strategies, the medium-term development of private hotels, hotel entrepreneurship, and the impact of economic crises and wars. By placing differing national approaches taken to the growth of the hotel industry in comparison, the book aims to fill a gap in the historiography of European hospitality and shed light on the wider impact of hotels and tourism on economic development at both a national and regional level. It will be of interest to a range of scholars, including in economic and business history, tourism studies, the history of tourism management, and social history.
The Development of the National Economy Vol 1: The United States from the Civil War Through the 1890s
by William J BarberThis collection brings together a comprehensive selection of documents from the history of US and Canadian economic thought from the 17th century through to 1900.
The Development of the National Economy Vol 2: The United States from the Civil War Through the 1890s
by William J BarberThis collection brings together a comprehensive selection of documents from the history of US and Canadian economic thought from the 17th century through to 1900.
The Development of the National Economy Vol 3: The United States from the Civil War Through the 1890s
by William J BarberThis collection brings together a comprehensive selection of documents from the history of US and Canadian economic thought from the 17th century through to 1900.