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Africa-to-Africa Internationalization: Key Issues and Outcomes (AIB Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) Series)
by Ifedapo Adeleye Lyal White Nathaniel BosoHighlighting an important emerging trend in FDI to Africa, thisbook consists of important contributions focusing on an increase in trade andinvestment between African countries. An area that until now has receivedlittle attention, this volume aims to define the key issues and explores thechallenges and outcomes that have characterized Africa-to-Africainternationalization, providing guidance on directions for future research. Africa-to-Africa Internationalizationincludes both conceptual and empirical contributions, illustrating thepractical issues in intra-African trade and investment. Providing readers witha deep sense of the realities and challenges of cross-border investments withinthe region, the cases included in the book are useful pedagogical materials forfaculty members interested in teaching international business in the Africancontext.
Africa Toward 2030
by Erik LundsgaardeWith the deadline of the Millennium Development Goals approaching, governments are considering the main elements for a global development policy reference system after 2015. Adapting insights from the scenario analysis tradition, the contributors identify six major underlying causes of change and key uncertainties affecting Africa's development prospects. The drivers of change considered vital in shaping Africa's future include demography, climate change, technology and innovation, domestic political development, new actors in international development, and global governance. The book outlines several generalized scenarios for the continent's future and discusses the implications of the changing African development context for the priorities and organization of European development cooperation.
African Air Transport Management: Strategic Analysis of African Aviation Market (Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development)
by Eyden SamunderuThis book provides a comprehensive overview of the African air transport market from a strategic management perspective. Drawing on well-grounded theories, research applications and real-world case studies, it examines competition dynamics, interconnectivity, the growth of low-cost carriers, and demand patterns in air transport for both passenger and cargo traffic. It also presents an expert analysis on the introduction of the Single African Air Transport Market (SAATM), made possible by the liberalization of the air transport market, from a regulatory perspective. Based on the results of the analysis, the book evaluates both the benefits and limitations of an open skies agreement. Furthermore, it shed lights on the challenges and complexities of African public infrastructure investments and airport financing, discusses the impact of COVID-19, and provides strategic recommendations for airlines. The book is aimed at professionals in aviation and airline industries and students interested in the African air transport market.
African-American Business Leaders and Entrepreneurs
by Rachel KranzTo fill a gap in US history, an author/documentary film producer specializing in racial issues profiles a broad spectrum of African-American business leaders from the colonial period to the present. Entries are listed by type of business and individual's year of birth. Among the figures featured on the cover are Maggie L. Walker (1867-1934), the first US woman bank president, and Omar Wasow, who created a black-oriented Web site. Annotation ©2004 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)
African American Economic Development and Small Business Ownership (Garland Studies in Entrepreneurship)
by Kilolo KijakaziFirst Published in 1997. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
African American Inequality in the United States
by Janice H. Hammond A. Kamau Massey Mayra GarzaThis note describes how historical and on-going policies and practices that discriminate against African Americans led to present-day inequality. Topics include slavery, segregation, Jim Crow laws, "black codes," and policies and practices relating to criminal justice, housing, and education.
African American Men and the Labor Market during the Great Recession
by Michelle HolderThis book analyzes the status and position of African American men in the U.S. labor market prior to, during, and after the Great Recession. Using a model of occupational crowding, the book outlines how the representation of African American men in major occupational categories almost universally declined during the recent recession even as white non-Hispanic men were able to maintain their occupational representation in the face of staggering job losses. Using US Census Bureau data, this book illustrates how African American men sought to insulate their group from devastating job losses by increasing their educational attainment in a job market where employers exercised more leverage in hiring. However, this strategy was unable to protect this group from disparate job losses as African American men became further marginalized in the workforce during the Great Recession. Policy approaches to address high African American male unemployment are outlined in the final chapter.
The African American Writer's Handbook: How to Get in Print and Stay in Print
by Robert FlemingWith African Americans writing and buying books in record numbers, the time is ripe for a comprehensive publishing guide tailored expressly to the needs of this vibrant, creative community. The African American Writers Handbook meets this challenge perfectly. Written by veteran journalist and published author Robert Fleming, this book gives writers the heart, the determination, and above all the crucial information to publish successfully in this highly competitive field. Knowing the inner workings of the publishing industry provides any writer, novice or veteran, with a much needed advantage in the quest to get into print. Inside you'll find - A complete, step-by-step guide to every aspect of the publishing process, from the germination of a winning idea to the nuts and bolts of book production - Tips on submitting proposals, query letters, and preparing manuscripts for submission - Advice on negotiating contracts that extend careers - How to use on-line resources for research and profit - Interviews with top editors, agents, publishing executives, and bookstore owners - Updated information on copyrights, subsidiary rights, sales and marketing - The trials and triumphs of self-publishing - The art of promoting your work and yourself to a wider audience - An insider's look at the economic realities of the book business - And much more! Here, too, are scores of inspiring interviews and capsule biographies of leading African American writers both past and present. How did Richard Wright become America's first bestselling black writer? How did Zora Neale Hurston break through the artistic boundaries of the Harlem Renaissance long after her death? What was Toni Cade Bambara doing before she sold her first book? Why should Ann Petry, William Gardner Smith, Nella Larson, and William Melvin Kelley be revered wherever African American literature is read? Blending practical information and fascinating anecdotes with a mini literary history of African American writing, this upbeat, savvy, essential guide is a publishing primer with soul. From the Trade Paperback edition.
African Americans and the Mississippi River: Race, History, and the Environment (Routledge Environmental Humanities)
by Dorothy Zeisler-VralstedThis book follows the historical trajectory of African Americans and their relationship with the Mississippi River dating back to the 1700s and ending with Hurricane Katrina and the still-contested Delta landscape. Long touted in literary and historical works, the Mississippi River remains an iconic presence in the American landscape. Whether referred to as "Old Man River" or the "Big Muddy," the Mississippi River represents imageries ranging from the pastoral and Acadian to turbulent and unpredictable. However, these imageries—revealed through the cultural production of artists, writers, poets, musicians, and even filmmakers—did not reflect the experiences of everyone living and working along the river. Missing is a broader discourse of the African American community and the Mississippi River. Through the experiences of African Americans with the Mississippi River, which included narratives of labor (free and enslaved), refuge, floods, and migration, a different history of the river and its environs emerges. The book brings multiple perspectives together to explore this rich history of the Mississippi River through the intersection of race and class with the environment. The text will be of great interest to students and researchers in environmental humanities, including environmental justice studies, ethnic studies, and US and African American history.
African Americans in Business (Major Black Contributions from Emancipat)
by Tish DavidsonMany people dream of owning their own business or making it to the top of the corporate ladder. In the pages of this book, you'll meet African Americans who overcame obstacles and stereotypes to make their dreams a reality. Madam C. J. Walker was orphaned at age 7, married at 14, became a mother at 18, and was widowed at 20. She went on make a million dollars selling hair care products. Berry Gordy loved music but went broke after opening a record store. He didn't give up, though. Gordy eventually started Motown Records, which became one of the country's most successful record labels and introduced a host of talented black artists to mainstream American audiences. Stanley O'Neal grew up on a farm without running water or indoor toilets. Through intelligence and hard work he became the head of a $50 billion investment bank. Read about these and other inspiring figures in this book.
African Artisanal Mining from the Inside Out: Access, norms and power in Congo’s gold sector (Routledge Studies of the Extractive Industries and Sustainable Development)
by Sara GeenenArtisanal mining is commonly associated with violent conflict, rampant corruption and desperate poverty. Yet millions of people across Sub Sahara Africa depend on it. Many of them are living in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), home to important mineral reserves, but also to a plethora of armed groups and massive human rights violations. African Artisanal Mining from the Inside Out provides a rich and in-depth analysis of the Congolese gold sector. Instead of portraying miners and traders as passive victims of economic forces, regional conflicts or disheartening national policies, it focuses on how they gain access to and benefit from gold. It shows a professional artisanal mining sector governed by a set of specific norms, offering ample opportunities for flexible employment and local livelihood support and being well-connected to the local economy and society. It argues for the viability of artisanal gold mining in the context of weak African states and in the transition towards a post-conflict and more industrialized economy. This book will be of great interest to researchers and postgraduates studying natural resources and development as well as those in development studies, African studies, sociology, political economy, political ecology, legal pluralism, and history.
The African-Asian Divide: Analyzing Institutions and Accumulation in Kenya (New Political Economy)
by Paul VandenbergWhy have Africans not gained a more dominant position in urban manufacturing in Kenya? This question is explored through an analysis of the institutions, both formal and informal, that have affected patterns of capital accumulation in Kenya by the African and Asian (Indian) communities. Using a new institutional economics approach, this book explores the history of economic activity through the pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial periods, including the transformative period of British rule. During the colonial period, Asians were brought in to build the railways and subsequently focused on urban-based activities. Africans, meanwhile, found it difficult to move out of agriculture. Thus, the ethnic-sectoral division of activities was entrenched by the formal laws and powers of the British. Following independence, the network and financial capital that Asians had built up allowed them to survive early attempts at the Africanization of industry. Africans, now supported by the formal institutions of the state, still found it difficult to engage in manufacturing because they lacked the informal networks that support trade and credit. The analysis is supported by the results of a contemporary survey of 120 manufacturing firms in Nairobi’s metal sector that highlight the division between smaller African firms and larger Asian ones.
African Bank Investments Limited (A)
by Lynn Sharp Paine Will HurwitzLess than a year after joining the board of African Bank Investments Limited (ABIL), the newest director finds himself in difficult discussions with other directors about removing the struggling company's CEO. The case is set in South Africa in mid-2014 as shares in ABIL, which traded on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange, are declining precipitously. The case describes ABIL's origins and evolution, including the acquisition and growth of its wholly owned subsidiary African Bank, a provider of unsecured loans to help individuals pay for expenses such as vehicle repairs, home renovations, funeral costs, medical bills, and education. As ABIL's profits rose and share price soared, it became the darling of analysts. However, when the South African economy turned sour, customers started defaulting on their loans, and ABIL and African Bank began to struggle. As ABIL's stock price dropped, the management team faced difficult questions about the company's lending practices, risk management processes, and plans to turn the business around. By 2014, the situation was grim, and pressure mounted from shareholders and market regulators for the board to take action. The case details the history of unsecured lending in South Africa, describes the regulatory, social, and legal contexts for the company and its business model, and explores the company's unique corporate structure and executive and director dynamics.
African Bank Investments Limited (B)
by Lynn Sharp Paine Will HurwitzLess than a year after joining the board of African Bank Investments Limited (ABIL), the newest director finds himself in difficult discussions with other directors about removing the struggling company's CEO. The case is set in South Africa in mid-2014 as shares in ABIL, which traded on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange, are declining precipitously. The case describes ABIL's origins and evolution, including the acquisition and growth of its wholly owned subsidiary African Bank, a provider of unsecured loans to help individuals pay for expenses such as vehicle repairs, home renovations, funeral costs, medical bills, and education. As ABIL's profits rose and share price soared, it became the darling of analysts. However, when the South African economy turned sour, customers started defaulting on their loans, and ABIL and African Bank began to struggle. As ABIL's stock price dropped, the management team faced difficult questions about the company's lending practices, risk management processes, and plans to turn the business around. By 2014, the situation was grim, and pressure mounted from shareholders and market regulators for the board to take action. The case details the history of unsecured lending in South Africa, describes the regulatory, social, and legal contexts for the company and its business model, and explores the company's unique corporate structure and executive and director dynamics.
African Bargaining Power with China: Foreign Investment and Rising Influence (African Governance)
by Christina SeyfriedThis book provides a detailed account of the political economy around investment deal negotiations between African governments and private Chinese investors. The book draws on evidence from experiments and hundreds of interviews with policy makers and Chinese investors across Nigeria, South Africa, Kenya, Ethiopia and Tanzania. It shows that governments of authoritarian or one-party dominant states, which are among the top-receivers of Chinese investments, are able to easily and successfully act collectively to impose human capital and technology transfer requirements. The book argues that, rather than treating African countries as "price-takers" in the face of increasing Chinese influence in the continent, we should instead recognise the significant bargaining leverage that many African governments have to influence deal conditions, especially with smaller private Chinese companies. It demonstrates that several African governments can instead act "as price-setters" and that the success of the rising Chinese presence in Africa, and whether this leads to positive or negative development outcomes, fundamentally depends on the development strategies that individual African governments decide on. In the context of an often-polarised debate, the original research presented in this book has important implications for the future economic development strategies of African countries. As such, it will be of interest to researchers working on Chinese and African investment, politics, institutions, business, economics, and international relations.
African-Centred Management Education: A New Paradigm for an Emerging Continent
by David N. AbdulaiIn African-Centred Management Education, Professor Abdulai looks critically at the failings of management education in Africa and how that has impacted growth and development efforts, especially at this critical stage in the continent’s positive growth and development trajectory. He concludes that Africa’s current positive economic growth cannot be sustained without a significant contribution from its human capital. He adds that, the outstanding economic record of Asian economies in recent decades dramatically illustrates how important human capital is to growth. These countries lacking natural resources and importing practically all their energy requirements have grown rapidly by relying on a well-trained, educated and conscientious workforce. Professor Abdulai believes that Africa, too, can sustain its current growth and development by effectively combining its abundant natural resources with its human capital to attain its economic development, but this will require an African cadre of well-trained managers at the helm of both private and public sector institutions. For this to become a reality, management education in Africa will have to play a significant role, but the author argues that it cannot be effective by continually mimicking the West in the programmes it delivers. It must come up with innovative and relevant pedagogy that will address the special challenges that the continent faces and deliver an African-centred management education. As well as pointing to the failures of management education in Africa, Abdulai offers suggestions as to how to make management education really contribute to the education of Africans, in order to sustain current and future development.
African Childhoods
by Marisa O. EnsorWith 70 per cent of its people under the age of 30, Africa is the world's youngest continent. African youngsters have been largely characterized as either vulnerable victims of the frequent humanitarian crises that plague their homelands, or as violent militarized youth and 'troubled' gang members. Young people's contributions to processes of educational provision, peace building and participatory human development in Africa are often ignored. While acknowledging the profound challenges associated with growing up in an environment of uncertainty and deprivation, African Childhoods sheds light on African children's often constructive engagement with a variety of societal conditions, adverse or otherwise, and their ability to positively influence their own lives and those of others.
African Communications Group
by Anita M. Mcgahan Dale O. CoxeDescribes the opportunities that confront the African Communications Group, an entrepreneurial organization that plans to introduce a wireless pay-phone system in Tanzania. Provides a foundation for the analysis of value creation and of value capture. The possibility of entry by other companies, the presence of a large supplier, and uncertainties about demand all create important tradeoffs for the new venture.
The African Continental Free Trade Area: Economic and Distributional Effects
by World BankThe African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) agreement will create the largest free trade area in the world, measured by the number of countries participating. The pact will connect 1.3 billion people across 55 countries with a combined GDP valued at $3.4 trillion. It has the potential to lift 30 million people out of extreme poverty by 2035. But achieving its full potential will depend on putting in place significant policy reforms and trade facilitation measures. The scope of the agreement is considerable. It will reduce tariffs among member countries and cover policy areas, such as trade facilitation and services, as well as regulatory measures, such as sanitary standards and technical barriers to trade. It will complement existing subregional economic communities and trade agreements by offering a continent-wide regulatory framework and by regulating policy areas—such as investment and intellectual property rights protection—that have not been covered in most subregional agreements. The African Continental Free Trade Area: Economic and Distributional Effects quantifies the long-term implications of the agreement for growth, trade, poverty reduction, and employment. Its analysis goes beyond that in previous studies that have largely focused on tariff and nontariff barriers in goods—by including the effects of services and trade facilitation measures, as well as the distributional impacts on poverty, employment, and wages of female and male workers. It is designed to guide policy makers as they develop and implement the extensive range of reforms needed to realize the substantial rewards that the agreement offers. The analysis shows that full implementation of AfCFTA could boost income by 7 percent, or nearly $450 billion, in 2014 prices and market exchange rates. The agreement would also significantly expand African trade—particularly intraregional trade in manufacturing. In addition, it would increase employment opportunities and wages for unskilled workers and help close the wage gap between men and women.
The African Continental Free Trade Area: Prospects, Problems and Challenges
by Benjamin Ofori-AmoahIn March of 2018, 44 African countries signed the African Continental Free Trade Area agreement (AfCFTA) to launch what is considered as the largest free trade area in the world. The signing of the agreement has been hailed as a major breakthrough for African development by African countries and organizations as well as external observers of African affairs. This is not the first time African countries have proposed a new organizational and institutional structure for development. African countries have signed at least 13 regional trade agreements (RTAs) for intraregional trade since 1959. However, the track record of these groups has been relatively mediocre compared to RTAs elsewhere. Thus, Africa has the lowest percentage of intracontinental trade in the world. This volume evaluates the prospects and challenges for the AfCFTA through a deep-dive assessment of previous trade blocs on the African continent and of regional free trade areas in other parts of the world. The central question of the book is this: If pre-AfCFTA trade blocs in Africa did not encourage more intracontinental trade, what guarantees that the AfCTA will? The formation of the AfCFTA will definitely remove overlapping membership that existed with previous trading blocs on the continent, but what is different about the AfCFTA that will get rid of cumbersome regulation, boost manufacturing, and create jobs? This book argues that the dreams of AfCFTA will not be realized unless African countries make efforts to address the industry mix of their economies and to enforce the rules and regulations they set down on paper.
The African Continental Free Trade Area Agreement: Legal and Policy Frameworks (Routledge Research in International Law)
by Collins C. AjiboThis book provides a comprehensive assessment of African economic integration through the lens of International Economic Law. The analysis is contextualised within the prevailing regional economic integrations, the WTO and the peculiarity of the AfCFTA.Through legal analysis, bolstered by economic and political dimensions, the book illustrates the complex interplay of diverse factors that shape the AfCFTA. Each chapter presents a separate element of economic integration within the principles of international economic law, with an interdisciplinary approach encompassing legal, economic and political perspectives. Covering topics such as economic integration and multilateralism, market access, exceptions, trade facilitation, rules of origin and non-tariff barriers, the book also discusses trade remedies, dispute settlement, investment, intellectual property and completion policy. Additionally, human rights, corporate social responsibility and sustainable development principles are discussed, alongside small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), digital trade and gender in economic integration.The book will be of interest to students, instructors, practitioners and nonpractitioners in this area of international economic law.
The African Continental Free Trade Area Agreement: The Development of a Rules-Based Trading Order (Routledge Studies on Law in Africa)
by Kofi Oteng KufuorIn 2018, the members of the African Union adopted the African Continental Free Trade Area Agreement (AfCFTA). This book examines the AfCFTA, dissecting its key provisions. It stresses the importance of the AfCFTA in the context of increasing episodes of trade protection in Africa, and it theorizes on the role of the treaty organs. The book also examines the importance of citizen participation for the success of the AfCFTA, as well as exploring the role sub-state actors can play. Ultimately, the study adds to the understanding of the array of problems that are associated with regional trade in Africa and the role law plays in resolving these problems. It will be of importance to academics and students of international law, especially those with an interest in African trade law, as well as legal professionals and policymakers.
The African Debt Crisis (Routledge Library Editions: Development)
by Trevor W. Parfitt Stephen P. RileyAssessing both the macro- and micro-economic levels of the contemporary African Debt Crisis, this book, first published in 1989, begins by looking at the origins of the world debt crisis, and then looks closely at the problem as it affects Sub-Saharan Africa. The effects of debt on Africa’s position in international relations are considered, and the roles played by organisations such as the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank are assessed. The authors also examine the local effects in a series of case studies of various states including Nigeria, Ghana and Sierra Leone, the Francophone States and Zaire.
African Department: Wage Policy and Fiscal Sustainability in Benin
by Charlotte LundgrenFinancial report from the IMF
African Department: Expenditure Composition and Economic Development in Benin
by Marco Pani Mohamed El HarrakThis paper estimates how changes in the composition of public expenditure affect growth, employment, and income inequality in Benin. These estimates are based on a model of labor market segmentation with partial labor mobility along the lines of Harris and Todaro (1970). The model is calibrated to fit the data for the Beninese economy over the period 2003-07. Despite some data limitation, the results obtained suggest that a shift in the composition of expenditure from wages to public investment would have beneficial effects on growth, employment, and income equality, particularly through its effects on wages and labor demand in the private formal sector; conversely, an increase in civil servants' wages, even if it were financed by grants, could result in lower growth, higher unemployment, and larger wage disparities across sectors.