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Agroecology: The Science of Sustainable Agriculture (2nd Edition)
by Miguel A. AltieriThis new edition builds on the explosion of research on sustainable agriculture since the late 1980s. By separating myth from reality, Miguel Altieri extracts the key principles of sustainable agriculture and expounds on management systems that "really work. " Providing case studies of sustainable rural development in developing countries, he goes beyond a mere description of practices to include data that reveal the socioeconomic and environmental impacts of alternative projects. Each chapter of Agroecology has been enriched and updated with the latest research results from around the world. New emphasis has been placed on such issues as the ecological economics of agriculture, policy changes needed for promoting sustainable agriculture, rural development in the Third World, the role of biodiversity in agriculture, and new research methodologies.
Agronomy for Development: The Politics of Knowledge in Agricultural Research (Pathways to Sustainability)
by James SumbergOver the last decade there has been renewed interest in food security and the state of the global food system. Population growth, climate change and food price spikes have combined to focus new attention on the technologies and institutions that underpin the production and consumption of food that is varied, nutritious and safe. Knowledge politics within development-oriented agronomy set the stage for some models of agricultural development to be favoured over others, with very real implications for the food security and wellbeing of many millions of people. Agronomy for Development demonstrates how the analysis of knowledge politics can shed valuable new light on current debates about agricultural development and food security. Using bio-physical and social sciences perspectives to address the political economy of the production and use of knowledge in development, this edited collection reflects on the changing politics of knowledge within the field of agronomy and the ways in which these politics feed and reflect the interests of a broad set of actors. This book is aimed at professionals working in agricultural research as well as students and practitioners of agricultural, rural and international development. ?
Aguas Argentinas: Settling a Dispute
by Alexandra De Royere Louis T. Wells Jr.The French-owned Aguas Argentinas faces a demand from the Argentine government that it renegotiate its concession to operate the Buenos Aires water and sewage services. The company must decide whether to continue with efforts to settle on a new contract or to exercise its rights to go to international arbitration. Either way, it must decide on its strategy going forward.
Agudeza: Afilando tu potencial (Lidere)
by John M. Vereecken Juan Carlos GarciaAGUDEZA AFILANDO TU POTENCIAL >. Agudeza es el nuevo libro de Juan Vereecken que nos confronta y desafía a través de nueve factores que revisan nuestra actitud como individuos en esta generación. Contiene fascinantes historias con situaciones extraordinarias y personajes inolvidables con los que podrás identificarte.
Aha!: 10 Ways to Free Your Creative Spirit and Find Your Great Ideas
by Jordan Ayan"Aha! is a joyful, upbeat survey of ideas for enhancing creativity. Jordan Ayan's enthusiasm is hard to resist, and every reader will find personally suitable strategies. Aha! is an inspiring yet practical guidebook for freeing the creative spirit. " --Betty Edwards, author of Drawing on the Right Side of the Brain "A delightful romp through the rich and complicated field of creativity. Ayan's Aha! is bound to make the reader's thinking more interesting and original. " --Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, ph. d. , author of Flow: the Psychology of Optimal Experience "The future belongs to those who create it. Jordan Ayan's exceptional book will show you how to create yours by providing the keys to unlock your great ideas. " --Daniel Burrus, author of Technotrends and a leading technology forecaster Behind every successful venture, there's a great idea. If you haven't found your great idea yet, or if you've always thought you "just weren't the creative type," Jordan Ayan's accessible and entertaining book will give you the confidence to listen to your own creative spirit and to find the breakthrough you've been waiting for. Based on the notion that creativity is a life skill that must be continually cultivated, Ayan offers ten strategies for finding and harnessing inspiration--wherever and whenever it occurs. His mini workshops will show you how travel, reading, the arts, new technology, journaling, and more can form the basic building blocks of a more creative and rewarding life.
Ahead of Her Time
by Judy PiatkusInspiring memoir by entrepreneur Judy Piatkus, who launched her startup at a time when mothers were not expected to be businesswomen and grew it into a highly successful international brand. The story of a pioneer of female entrepreneurship, values-led management and the rise of personal development publishing.Judy Piatkus did not come from a monied background and began her career as a secretary after failing to achieve a university place. By the time she founded Piatkus Books from her spare bedroom, she was married with a disabled small daughter and pregnant with her second child. Gradually she learned how to be both a publisher and a managing director and to combine that with her family life as she had become a single mother of three. A lot of mistakes were made but she also got a lot of things right. The company prospered, thanks to the risks Judy took in tackling new subjects in the marketplace and also her approach to running the company, which focused on transparency, honesty and trust and was rewarded by the loyalty of the staff, many of whom worked alongside Judy for upwards of twenty years.Throughout the book Judy describes her learning experience as an entrepreneur, what it really means to run a company, the many triumphs and the pitfalls, what worked and what didn't, how the company learned to reinvent itself through lean times and how it felt to finally strike gold.
Ahead of the Curve
by Hilary KramerHilary Kramer has built a wildly successful career based on her prescient analyses of the stock market and her savvy financial tips designed for average investors. A longtime presence online, on TV, in newspapers and on radio, Kramer has now written a book for anyone who is concerned about growing money and wealth--from the long term investor to the short term trader. It is for the millions of people throughout the nation - and now the world - who are increasingly taking their finances into their own hands.ds: nine powerful yet simple methods for discovering trend indicators all around you. Who would have thought that, in the days of the Atkins diet anti-carb craze, a company called Panera Bread -- now a booming chain -- would be a great investment? Hilary Kramer knew it would be. How did she know, way ahead of the crowd, that Embraer, an aircraft manufacturer located in Brazil, of all places, was becoming a market leader and had great growth potential? She knew how to spot the trend. As she shows, if you follow her simple methods, you, too, will be able to: Identify reliable market trends early Spot other, secondary, trends that will be sparked by more obvious trends Discover the clues in everyday life that will lead you to great growth companies Evaluate which companies among the competition are the best investments Recognize when a trend is peaking and it's time to sell Armed with her time-tested techniques, your own eyes and ears become your most reliable and powerful resources for market-beating wealth creation, not only today but for the rest of your life.
Ahead of the Curve
by Philip Delves BroughtonTwo years in the cauldron of capitalism-"horrifying and very funny" (The Wall Street Journal)In this candid and entertaining insider's look at the most influential school in global business, Philip Delves Broughton draws on his crack reporting skills to describe his madcap years at Harvard Business School. Ahead of the Curve recounts the most edifying and surprising lessons learned in the quest for an MBA, from the ingenious chicanery of leveraging and the unlikely pleasures of accounting, to the antics of the "booze luge" and other, less savory trappings of student culture. Published during the one hundredth anniversary of Harvard Business School, this is the unflinching truth about life in the trenches of an iconic American institution.
Ahead of the Curve: A Commonsense Guide to Forecasting Business and Market Cycles
by Joseph H. EllisEconomic and stock market cycles affect companies in every industry. Unfortunately, a confusing array of anecdotal and conflicting indicators often renders it impossible for managers and investors to see where the economy is heading in time to take corrective action. Now, a 35-year Wall Street veteran unveils a new forecasting method to help managers and investors understand and predict the economic cycles that control their businesses and financial fates. In Ahead of the Curve, Joseph H. Ellis argues that the problem with current forecasting models lies not in the data, but rather in the lack of a clear framework for putting the data in context and reading it correctly. The book explains critical economic indicators in nontechnical language, identifies and documents the recurring cause-and-effect relationships that consistently predict turning points in the economy, and provides the tools managers and investors need to position themselves ahead of cyclical upturns and downturns. Economic events are not as random and unpredictable as they seem. This book helps readers recognize and react to signs of change that their rivals don't see--and win a sizeable competitive advantage. Joseph H. Ellis was a partner at Goldman Sachs and was ranked for 18 consecutive years by Institutional Investor magazine as Wall Street's No. 1 retail industry analyst.
Ahead of the Game: The Unlikely Rise of a Detroit Kid Who Forever Changed the Esports Industry
by Kevin J. RyanPrepare to be inspired by the story of Delane Parnell, the unlikeliest of CEOs now leading a gaming empire at the center of the booming, multibillion-dollar esports industry.Delane Parnell is not your typical tech entrepreneur. He was raised in a gang-riddled neighborhood on Detroit&’s west side, bouncing between homes as his mother tried to make ends meet. Many of his closest friends and family members ended up in jail or dead.This makes it even more incredible that Delane became the 25-year-old founder and CEO of PlayVS, a Los Angeles company that is forever changing the gaming landscape in America. In 2018, esports— team-based competitive video gaming—became an officially sanctioned high school sport, meaning student gamers can now earn varsity letters just like their basketball and volleyball player peers. Delane&’s startup is making that happen, providing the infrastructure that hosts the competitions, compiles the statistics, organizes playoff tournaments, and streams state championships for tens of thousands of students across the country.Ahead of the Game is a deeply reported narrative that tells the story of Delane, the motley group of underdogs and hustlers that helped build his several-hundred-million-dollar startup, and the previously overlooked students now participating in America&’s growing esports phenomenon. It&’s a tale of perseverance, courage, loyalty, race, family, tragedy, and believing you can overcome the odds—no matter how severely they&’re stacked against you. Readers will also:Learn how the growing Esports industry is changing the lives of students across the country who were previously not engaged in the high school experience.Get a glimpse into a successful entrepreneur path unlike any other by following the story of how Delane Parnell created PlayVs in spite of the greatest of challenges.Be inspired that there is hope and opportunity available to people who go against conventional paths to realize their dreams.With a foreword by Sean "Diddy" Combs
Ahead of the Market: The Zacks Method for Spotting Stocks Early—In Any Economy
by Mitch ZacksBeat the Pros at Their Own GameAll too often, you learn about good stocks far too late to profit from the information. By the time you actually buy a stock, professional investors have already been there, bought the stock, driven up the price, and are just waiting to unload it at an inflated price.All That's About to Change. . . .In Ahead of the Market, Mitch Zacks shows investors how they can spot stocks that are poised to take off long before the rest of the crowd learns about them. How? By unlocking the gems of priceless information buried in Wall Street's often self-serving research. Ahead of the Market is the first book, ever, that enables you to profitably use the analyst stock research for which Wall Street firms pay more than one billion dollars annually. Many investors have rightly felt misled in the past by analysts who continued to hype stocks as prices plummeted. You may have even concluded that Wall Street research is totally worthless. But it's not.In Ahead of the Market, Mitch Zacks shows that analysts actually provide a wealth of market-moving information that can generate exceptional returns if interpreted correctly.The key is to use the research produced by Wall Street analysts the same way the professional money managers do.Pioneered by the firm Zacks Investment Research and based on more than twenty years of intensive analysis, the investment strategies revealed in this book are indeed the same ones used by successful professional investors everywhere.In these pages you will learn how to form an investment plan by locating stocks that are poised for price appreciation and avoiding stocks heading for a fall. Zacks shows how you could have prevented being burned when the recent bubble burst, if you had known how to use analyst research correctly and teaches you the rules of the research game so you will not fall victim the next time around. In sum, this book is your guide to picking the right stock at the right time.Mitch Zacks's groundbreaking research provides new insights and new strategies to:Use revisions to analysts' earnings estimates to predict the rise and fall of stock prices Interpret the real meaning behind analysts' stock recommendations Employ the "cockroach" phenomenon and other methodologies to predict earnings surprises before they occur Determine how to react when a company reports earnings and how to profit from "post-earnings announcement drift"Understand and profit from "analyst creep"—the reason that earnings estimate revisions occur incrementally over timeAvoid being duped by the games that companies play with their earnings reportsWhether the economy is healthy or stalled, whether the market is up or down, by focusing on the strategies contained in this book you will always come out ahead. Well-picked individual stocks will always carry the day. Now with Ahead of the Market, you will finally have the same tools institutional investors have and will be able to find great stocks in any market environment.
Ahold versus Tesco--Analyzing Performance
by Penelope Rossano Suraj SrinivasanThe case relates to understanding and comparing the performance of two leading retail companies-Ahold and Tesco. The case introduces the tools of Dupont and Modified Dupont Decomposition. While performance as measured by return on equity has been similar for the two companies, Ahold has had significantly better stock market performance compared to Tesco. Ahold also has a significant amount of cash on its balance sheet leading to low levels of net debt. The case requires students to analyze performance using Modified Dupont Decomposition techniques to assess if firm performance is resulting from operating profitability or from financial leverage and then suggest strategies to improve performance. To perform the modified Dupont Decomposition, students learn how to reformat and condense the balance sheet and income statement to separately measure profitability arising from operating activities and financing activities. Students also see how excess cash holdings can depress profitability and what factors should drive the appropriate level of leverage for a company.
Ahora contaminamos nosotros: La competencia entre el planeta, la gente y los beneficios ante la sostenibilidad
by Ronald RwakigumbaAhora contaminamos nosotros utiliza como título un argumento oído a menudo en las negociaciones sobre el cambio climático, donde las naciones menos desarrolladas sugieren que dado que las naciones desarrolladas generaron la mayor parte de la contaminación del pasado, ahora tienen la obligación histórica de satisfacer los costes asociados con la atenuación del cambio climático o la adaptación al mismo. Simultáneamente, argumentan que dado que la contaminación de la industrialización es una consecuencia inevitable del desarrollo, las naciones en vías de desarrollo han de contaminar para conseguir el crecimiento económico. Decir lo contrario no es nada nuevo, lo que falta en el discurso es explicar claramente el crecimiento ecológico como una alternativa que combina perfectamente algo tan aparentemente opuesto como el desarrollo con los objetivos ecológicos y sociales. Lo que también falta en los discursos es una la estrategia multisectorial del desarrollo sostenible en la que se conjunten las distintas facetas del desarrollo sostenible y se aproveche el enfoque combinado. Este es el viaje que se explica en las páginas de "Ahora contaminamos nosotros". Tras profundizar en la sostenibilidad, el libro presenta el valor del medioambiente y ofrece formas de solucionar los errores de la monetarización del medioambiente, para continuar con una narración general de la acción (¿o es inacción?) climática. También la energía, elemento que juega un papel clave en el funcionamiento de hogares y economías, necesita un buen análisis que se ofrece en uno de los últimos capítulos. Lo que diferencia a teste libro es el enfoque holístico con que conecta los distintos aspectos para trazar una imagen más completa de cómo avanzamos, lo que se explica en el capítulo final sobre desarrollo sostenible, con ejemplos, lecciones y reflexiones. Finalmente, estamos juntos en esto, en nuestro hogar compartido, la Tierra, y la mejor forma de
Ahora o nunca: 5 claves para dar grandes pasos en tu carrera profesional
by Arancha RuizLas oportunidades de éxito están al alcance de todos quienes desarrollen estas 3 habilidades imprescindibles para el profesional del siglo XXI: aprender de forma constante, tejer una red de colaboradores y ser perseverantes. ¿Te sumarías a un proyecto que te apasiona y te recompensa con prestigio y dinero a costa de sacrificar gran parte de tu tiempo y libertad? El «sí» exige un sacrificio personal; el «no» deja pasar un tren que no sabes si volverá. Es una decisión difícil, pues las alternativas no son equivalentes. El éxito de una carrera laboral es el resultado de un cúmulo de disyuntivas profesionales y personales en las que elegimos usando la inteligencia y el cálculo de probabilidades. Hay decisiones excelentes y otras mejorables; decisiones mediocres y malas decisiones. Pero todas son difíciles y siempre se aprende. ¿Y sabes cuál es la peor? La que no se toma. También es de la que uno más se arrepiente. Porque cuando decidimos, asumimos el control sobre nuestra propia vida; nos implicamos emocionalmente y podemos sentir la alegría, el amor, el dolor y la ira. Sentir es vivir. Participar es vivir. Decidir es vivir. Seguro que en alguna ocasión has presentido que te hallabas ante una buena oportunidad, pero no fuiste a por ella. Pero no es momento para lamentaciones, todavía tienes muchas oportunidades por delante. Este libro habla de los errores en clave de aprendizaje y de los aprendizajes en clave de grandes pasos para el éxito. Y explica cientos de historias de personas que, como cualquiera de nosotros, viven aciertos y fracasos cotidianos, y de cómo crearon repetidas oportunidades de calidad para aprovechar los trenes que después pasaron; personas que fueron héroes cuando debían serlo, porque supieron que era su «Ahora». A partir de su amplia experiencia profesional como head-hunter y especialista en marca personal, y con el testimonio revelador de muchas personas que han sabido dar un nuevo impulso a su carrera, Arancha Ruiz ofrece las claves para aprovechar con éxito las oportunidades y vencer frenos y adversarios.
Ahora o nunca: La gran oportunidad de México para crecer
by Jorge Suárez VélezEn el mundo globalizado en el cual vivimos, hay importantes razones para pensar que "las estrellas se están alineando" para darle a este país una oportunidad única que, de ser aprovechada, podría acelerar en forma históricamente relevante el desarrollo de su economía. Advertencia: este libro contiene la agenda económica del nuevo sexenio. Ahora o nunca es un diagnóstico urgente y puntual acerca de la oportunidad histórica que tiene México de acelerar su desarrollo económico. ¿Cómo? A partir de 2008, cuando el crecimiento de los países industrializados disminuyó, naciones como Brasil, Rusia, India y China compensaron el cuadro con su desarrollo vigoroso. Sin embargo, en la actualidad esos motores han comenzado a apagarse y han propiciado una crisis sin precedentes en Europa. Ese proceso alimentará movimientos populistas, nacionalistas y aislacionistas, pero también puede ser un oportuno catalizador para que se adopten medidas impostergables, explica Jorge Suárez Vélez. Tras varios años de capacidad industrial que ha migrado hacia China, explica el autor, la tendencia empieza a revertirse de manera clara conforme la nación asiática pierde competitividad y muchas empresas norteamericanas privilegian la cercanía geográfica con nuestro país. Además, la elección de Brasil como destino favorito de la inversión extranjera en América Latina está cambiando, y muchos inversionistas han puesto sus ojos en México por la relativa superioridad de sus manufacturas, su fortaleza comercial y su menor carga burocrática. Con un estilo ágil, este minucioso análisis de nuestro panorama económico agrega un elemento clave: las enormes posibilidades de la integración energética de Estados Unidos ofrecen un escenario ideal para generar cooperación económica en la región y que México se convierta, contra todos los pronósticos, en el principal beneficiario de la consolidación de ese país.
Ahoy, Money!: How To Chart Your Course To Genuine Financial Freedom
by Paul LemonPaul wrote "Ahoy, Money!" to offer genuine financial freedom to anyone who is willing to honestly look at money and their life. It appeals especially to those who are worried about not having enough to retire or live out the 'American Dream.' What makes "Ahoy, Money!" unique is that it offers an entirely new paradigm or way of seeing money, along with practical guidance as to how to implement this new philosophy. The book truly teaches people how to give money their "attention" rather than their "energy." A few lines from the back cover: "Identify and break free of old money patterns; Discover a new, refreshing way to manage all ten aspects of your personal finances; Assess your overall financial condition; Calculate exactly what you need to save to retire comfortably; Find lasting relief from stress and anxiety over money issues."
Aid Dependence in Cambodia: How Foreign Assistance Undermines Democracy
by Sophal EarInternational intervention liberated Cambodia from pariah state status in the early 1990s and laid the foundations for more peaceful, representative rule. Yet the country's social indicators and the integrity of its political institutions declined rapidly within a few short years, while inequality grew dramatically. Conducting an unflinching investigation into these developments, Sophal Ear reveals the pernicious effects of aid dependence and its perversion of Cambodian democracy.International intervention and foreign aid resulted in higher maternal (and possibly infant and child) mortality rates and unprecedented corruption by the mid-2000s. Similarly, in example after example, Ear finds the more aid dependent a country, the more distorted its incentives to develop sustainably. Contrasting Cambodia's clothing sector with its rice and livestock sectors and internal handling of the avian flu epidemic, he showcases the international community's role in preventing Cambodia from controlling its national development. <P><P>A postconflict state unable to refuse aid, Cambodia is rife with trial-and-error donor experiments and their unintended consequences, such as bad governance and poor domestic and tax revenue performance—a major factor curbing sustainable, nationally owned growth. By outlining the terms through which countries can achieve better ownership of their development, Ear offers alternatives for governments still on the brink of collapse, despite ongoing dependence on foreign intervention and aid.
Aid Effectiveness for Environmental Sustainability
by Unai Pascual Yongfu HuangThis collection examines the role that foreign aid can play in dealing with the severe global challenge of climate change, one of the most pressing international development issues of the 21st century. Addressing the key threats of rising temperatures, changes in precipitation, coastal erosion and natural disasters, the book considers the implications for policy and future research, particularly in developing countries. Focusing on the worth of foreign aid in ensuring environmental sustainability, this collection consider how it can be used to improve access to sustainable energy, to promote efficient use of energy resources, to improve emission reduction and support the preservation of biodiversity in forests. Advancing our knowledge about foreign aid and climate change, it provides policy recommendations for the donors and recipient country governments. A cutting edge text on one of the most pressing international development issues of this century, this is key reading for all scholars of international development and climate change.
Aid Paradoxes in Afghanistan: Building and Undermining the State (Routledge Studies in Middle East Development)
by Nematullah BizhanThe relationship between aid and state building is highly complex and the effects of aid on weak states depend on donors’ interests, aid modalities and the recipient’s pre-existing institutional and socio-political conditions. This book argues that, in the case of Afghanistan, the country inherited conditions that were not favourable for effective state building. Although some of the problems that emerged in the post-2001 state building process were predictable, the types of interventions that occurred—including an aid architecture which largely bypassed the state, the subordination of state building to the war on terror, and the short horizon policy choices of donors and the Afghan government—reduced the effectiveness of the aid and undermined effective state building. By examining how foreign aid affected state building in Afghanistan since the US militarily intervened in Afghanistan in late 2001 until the end of President Hamid Karzai’s first term in 2009, this book reveals the dynamic and complex relations between the Afghan government and foreign donors in their efforts to rebuild state institutions. The work explores three key areas: how donors supported government reforms to improve the taxation system, how government reorganized the state’s fiscal management system, and how aid dependency and aid distribution outside the government budget affected interactions between state and society. Given that external revenue in the form of tribute, subsidies and aid has shaped the characteristics of the state in Afghanistan since the mid-eighteenth century, this book situates state building in a historical context. This book will be invaluable for practitioners and anyone studying political economy, state building, international development and the politics of foreign aid.
Aid Performance and Climate Change
by Julian CaldecottThe richer countries spend about US$165 billion yearly on overseas aid, mainly to keep human development going. These efforts are undermined by climate change, water-catchment damage, biodiversity loss, and desertification, and their interactions with social systems at all scales, which few aid designs or evaluations fully address. This must change if aid performance is to be improved. Constraints to be overcome include limited understanding of the very complex systems that aid investments affect, and of the ecology behind climate change adaptation and mitigation. Aid Performance and Climate Change targets these problems and others, by explaining how to use multiple points of view to describe each aid investment as a complex system in its own unique context. With examples throughout, it reviews cases, ideas, and options for mitigation using technology and ecology, and for adaptation by preserving resilience and diversity, while exploring related priorities, treaties, and opportunities. Combining an empirical, eye-witness approach with methodological conclusions, this book is an essential resource for those looking to improve aid design and evaluation, and will be a necessary tool in training the next generation of aid professionals to respond to the causes and consequences of climate change.
Aid Scaling Up: Do Wage Bill Ceilings Stand in the Way?
by Gerd Schwartz Annalisa Fedelino Marijn VerhoevenInformation on wage bill ceilings.
Aid and Dependence: British Aid to Malawi (Routledge Library Editions: Development)
by Kathryn MortonFirst published in 1975, in conjunction with the Overseas Development Institute, this study examines the case for and against aid for developing nations, taking the specific example of British aid to Malawi’s economic development since independence in 1964. Kathryn Morton suggests that without Britain’s aid, Malawi’s capacity to develop would have been severely undermined and that aid has not generally inhibited Malawi’s efforts to help itself. The rapid growth of both agricultural and industrial output alongside foreign exchange earnings and avoidance of large-scale urban unemployment and balance of payment problems do not bear out the critics' gloomy predictions. This book does much to counter the critics’ case against aid and raises a number of vital questions in determining the future shape of aid policies for both Britain and other developed countries.
Aid and Fiscal Management
by Timothy Lane Aleš BulìřThis paper focuses on the macroeconomic aspects of fiscal management in aid-receiving countries. Despite the declining share of aid in budgets of donor countries, aid continues to play an important role in many developing countries. The paper first discusses the implications of aid in the economy as a whole and highlights the possibility of Dutch-disease effects of aid. Second, it discusses the implications of aid for short-term fiscal policy management - in particular, how actual or anticipated changes in aid receipts should be reflected in government spending.
Aid and Growth: What Does the Cross-Country Evidence Really Show?
by Raghuram G. Rajan Arvind SubramanianWe examine the effects of aid on growth--in cross-sectional and panel data--after correcting for the bias that aid typically goes to poorer countries, or to countries after poor performance. Even after this correction, we find little robust evidence of a positive (or negative) relationship between aid inflows into a country and its economic growth. We also find no evidence that aid works better in better policy or geographical environments, or that certain forms of aid work better than others. Our findings, which relate to the past, do not imply that aid cannot be beneficial in the future. But they do suggest that for aid to be effective in the future, the aid apparatus will have to be rethought. Our findings raise the question: what aspects of aid offset what ought to be the indisputable growth enhancing effects of resource transfers? Thus, our findings support efforts under way at national and international levels to understand and improve aid effectiveness.
Aid and Inequality in Kenya: British Development Assistance to Kenya (Routledge Library Editions: Development)
by Gerald Holtham Arthur HazelwoodThis reissue, first published in 1976, considers the rapid rate of economic growth in Kenya, combined with its apparent political stability, to determine whether or not this is indeed a case of ‘growth without development’ and, if so, where the responsibility for aid lies in this situation. The book concludes that while Kenyan growth has not been to an ideal pattern, accompanied by an increase in inequality, there is little or no reason to believe that living standards have not improved. It examines the impact of aid on Kenya’s progress at both the microeconomic and macroeconomic level and provides an institutional study of the impact of aid on Kenyan Government policy formation and administration and a discussion of British aid’s political purposes and influence in Kenya. The authors conclude that some of the effects predicted by the critics of aid are visible, but that the net effect on general living standards has been strongly positive, concluding that the problems constitute a case for improving aid procedures, but not against aid itself.