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Government Policy and Program Impacts on Technology Development, Transfer, and Commercialization: International Perspectives
by Kimball Marshall William PiperIn recent decades, government-funded technologies have produced radar, microwave ovens, modern cell phone systems, the Internet, new materials for aircraft and motor vehicles, and new medical instrumentation. This first-of-its-kind book examines how access to technology is affected by government policies and government-sponsored programs.Government Policy and Program Impacts on Technology Development, Transfer, and Commercialization: International Perspectives provides an easy-to-read overview of the field and several studies serving as examples to guide government policymakers and private sector decision makers. This forward-looking book also forecasts the potential impacts of government regulation upon the field and presents provocative discussions of the ethical implications of the cross-cultural and cross-national challenges facing technologically developed nations in the global economy.This book reviews this broad field by first providing an overview of the goals of government technology policies and programs as well as of generic types of government technology programs. Next, it presents carefully selected studies that illustrate the potential impacts of government decisions upon marketing constraints, industry acceptance of regulatory requirements, economic development, gross domestic product, and the choices firms make when it comes to location, competitiveness, product development, and other factors. The final chapters explore ethical considerations from a global perspective. These chapters also explore the implications of these considerations in relation to the success of governmental and private sector technology transfer and commercialization programs. The macromarketing perspective taken by the contributors serves to ground the impacts of government technology policies and programs in practical implications for economic development, business productivity, and quality of life. The contributors to this unique collection share their expertise on government sponsorship of technology research, the impact of government regulation upon technology marketing and economic development, the effects of government policies on business practices, intellectual property rights, and much more.Government Policy and Program Impacts on Technology Development, Transfer, and Commercialization shows how evolving technology and government policy changes have affected: the commercialization of music-new media, piracy problems, consumer choices and costs, and changes in the radio and concert promotion industries the adoption of new household technology licensure requirements for telemedicine-with an essential overview of telemedicine plus examinations of relevant governmental regulations and potential applications patents, copyrights, trademarks, licensing, and proprietary information scrap tire disposal-new alternatives for a chronic waste disposal problem food product development state-owned enterprises-with a case study illustrating how a stagnant state-owned company quickly evolved into China&’s leading firm in the textile machinery field
Government Regulation and the Legal Environment of Business
by Don Mayer Daniel M. Warner George J. Siedel Jethro K. LiebermanMayer, Warner, Siedel and Lieberman's Government Regulation and the Legal Environment of Business is an up-to-date textbook that covers legal issues that students must understand in today’s highly regulated business environment. The text is organized to permit instructors to tailor the materials to their particular approach. The authors take special care to engage students by relating law to everyday events with their clear, concise and readable style.
Government Responses to Crisis (Mercatus Studies in Political and Social Economy)
by Virgil Henry Storr Stefanie HaeffeleWhen crises occur, citizens, media and policymakers alike expect government to respond and to take a leading role in recovery. Given the scale and scope of crises, whether natural (such as hurricanes, floods, and earthquakes), manmade (such as conflict and economic downturns), or often a combination of the two, governments are often seen as being in the best position to identify the problems, understand the circumstances, and direct action. They are also likely to be the entities that have adequate resources to devote to such large-scale efforts. Yet, governments are not spared from the effects of crises. They are composed of individuals who are impacted by disasters and face many of the same challenges in identifying needs, prioritizing action, and adjusting to changing circumstances. It is by no surprise that governments are also often scrutinized during and after crises. How, then, do we understand the capability of and proper role for governments to respond to crisis and to drive recovery? This edited volume—comprised of chapters by accomplished scholars and seasoned practitioners in disaster and crises studies and management, spanning multiple disciplines including sociology, economics, and public administration—examines the roles, expectations, and capabilities of government responses to crises. It gives an overview of the literature, provides lessons learned from both research and experience on the ground during crises, and puts forth a framework for understanding crisis management and subsequent policy implications. It will be of use to any scholars, students, practitioners or policymakers interested in learning from and better preparing for crises and responding when they do occur.
Government Size and Output Volatility: Should We Forsake Automatic Stabilization?
by Xavier Debrun Jean Pisani-Ferry André SapirA report from the International Monetary Fund.
Government, SMEs and Entrepreneurship Development: Policy, Practice and Challenges
by Robert A. BlackburnRecent decades have seen substantial growth in the range of assistance programmes for SMEs and entrepreneurs across the world. Once regarded as peripheral to the economy and public policy, the role of small firms and of entrepreneurship is now recognized as of key importance in the economic growth and development strategies of many nations. The range of interventions and support focused on promoting SMEs and entrepreneurship is substantial and expanding, so Government, SMEs and Entrepreneurship Development asks ’what are some of the main policy instruments being used, and how effective are they?’ It considers policies in different countries, examines key interventions and tools used to promote entrepreneurship and SME development and concludes with contributions on how to best evaluate their effectiveness. The contributor chapters by academics and practitioners from businesses, enterprise development agencies and governments, are empirical or evidence-based and use both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Drawing on experience from a wide range of both developed and emerging countries and economies, the contributions focus on the broad strategies that different governments and communities have adopted to foster entrepreneurship and SMEs; the policy tools and instruments that can be used to promote small business and entrepreneurship; and on the outcomes of policy instruments and the methods used to evaluate interventions. Their findings will help researchers, policy-makers, economic development officers, civil servants, elected officials, and business associations to better understand the issues in this important field.
Government Spending on Health Care and Education in Croatia: Efficiency and Reform Options
by Etibar Jafarov Victoria GunnarssonA report from the International Monetary Fund.
The Government Subcontractor's Guide to Terms and Conditions
by Kenneth R. SegelNavigating Contract Terms and Conditions Just Got Easier!Organizations are at risk when contract terms and conditions are not fully understood. The Government Subcontractor's Guide to Terms and Conditions quickly guides you through the process of reviewing and negotiating contracts, identifying terms and conditions of concern, and mitigating potential risks. Author Kenneth Segel has tapped over 20 years of contract experience to write a handbook that walks even the most junior contracts administrator through the daunting task of reviewing and negotiating a government contractor's terms and conditions.This critical resource will help you• Determine what specific terms and conditions to address• Distinguish between a favorable and an unfavorable provision• Address potentially damaging provisions• Understand the potential economic impact of indemnification provisions• Apply risk management to address indemnification provisionsThe Government Subcontractor's Guide to Terms and Conditions will guide you through the inevitable challenges of the negotiation process. Put this updated resource to work in your organization today!
Government Support to Agricultural Insurance
by Olivier Mahul Charles J. StutleyGovernments in developing countries have been increasingly involved in the support of agricultural (crop and livestock) insurance programs in recent years. In their attempts to design and implement agricultural insurance, they have sought technical and financial assistance from the international community and particularly from the World Bank. One of the recurrent requests from governments regards international experience with agricultural insurance, not only in developed countries, where in some cases agricultural insurance has been offered for more than a century, but also in middleand low-income countries. Governments are particularly interested in the technical, operational, financial, and institutional aspects of public support to agricultural insurance. 'Government Support to Agricultural Insurance' informs public and private decision makers involved in agricultural insurance about recent developments, with a particular focus on middle- and low-income countries. It presents an updated picture of the spectrum of institutional frameworks and experiences with agricultural insurance, ranging from countries in which the public sector provides no support to those in which governments heavily subsidize agricultural insurance. This analysis is based on a survey conducted by the World Bank's agricultural insurance team in 2008 in 65 developed and developing countries. Drawing on the survey results, the book identifies some key roles governments can play to support the development of sustainable, affordable, and cost-effective agricultural insurance programs.
Government, the Railways and the Modernization of Britain: Beeching's Last Trains (British Politics and Society)
by Charles LoftMore than 40 years after its publication, the 1963 Beeching Report on British railways remains controversial for recommending the closure of a third of Britain’s railways. In this book, Charles Loft examines: why the nationalized railways were in such dire financial straits by 1963 how government work on future transport needs led to conclusions which would have cut Britain’s railways down by thousands of miles what difficulties eventually halted attempts by Conservative and Labour governments to implement these cuts. This book will be invaluable to anyone interested in how transport policy is made or how it has arrived at its current state and sheds fascinating new light on the working of government, the economy and the mood of the times under Churchill, Eden, Macmillan and Wilson.
Government Transparency: State of the Art and New Perspectives (Elements in Public Policy)
by Gregory Porumbescu Albert Meijer Stephan GrimmelikhuijsenThis Element argues that to understand why transparency “works” in one context, but fails in another, we have to take into account how institutional (macro), organizational (meso) contexts interact with individual behavior (micro). A review of research from each of these perspectives shows that the big promises thought to accompany greater transparency during the first two decades of the 20th century have not been delivered. For example, transparency does not necessarily lead to better government performance and more trust in government. At the same time, transparency is still a hallmark of democratic governance and as this book highlights, for instance, transparency has been relatively successful in combating government corruption. Finally, by explicitly taking a multilayered perspective into account, this Element develops new paths for future research.
Government Unions and the Bankrupting of America
by Daniel DisalvoGovernment-workers unions have been political juggernauts in the U.S. since the unseen collective-bargaining-rights revolution of the 1960s and '70s. These unions are different and more powerful than those that battle owners and managers in the private sector. To advance their interests, unions in the public sector have created cartels with their political allies, mostly in the Democratic Party, to the exclusion of the taxpaying public.In this Broadside, Daniel DiSalvo shows us how this government takeover happened and tells us what can be done to protect the public interest. The fiscal consequences have already proven dire and threaten the long-term power and prestige of the United States on the world stage.
Government versus Markets: A Contemporary and Historical Perspective
by Vito TanziVito Tanzi offers a truly comprehensive treatment of the economic role of the state in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries from a historical and world perspective. The book addresses the fundamental question of what governments should do, or have attempted to do, in economic activities in past and recent periods. It also speculates on what they are likely or may be forced to do in future years. The investigation assembles a large set of statistical information that should prove useful to policy-makers and scholars in the perennial discussion of government's optimal economic roles. It will become an essential reference work on the analytical borders between the market and the state, and on what a reasonable 'exit strategy' from the current fiscal crises should be.
Governmental Accounting and Auditing Update (AICPA)
by Melisa F. GalassoBe prepared for change by ensuring that you are current in accounting and auditing developments affecting government. Learn the latest accounting and auditing developments affecting governments by covering these hot topics: Risk assessment Documentation Leases Yellow Book Major program determination New GASB pronouncements
Governmental Accounting Made Easy
by Warren RuppelA hands-on guide to the ins and outs of governmental accounting--made easy!Governmental Accounting Made Easy, Second Edition equips you with the tools you need to run the financial and accounting operations within your organization. This complete and straightforward manual covers a broad range of governmental accounting topics that fall under the Governmental Accounting Standards Board, and its recently revised financial reporting model.Boiling down the complicated details of governmental accounting into manageable essentials, author Warren Ruppel, a leading authority on governmental accounting, offers practical information in easy-to-understand terminology. Even if you do not have a professional understanding of accounting principles and financial reporting, the Second Edition makes it all clear with accounting rules explained in terms anyone can understand, to help you better fulfill your managerial and fiduciary duties.Always practical and never over-technical, this helpful guide:Discusses basic accounting terminologyClearly explains fund accountingCovers the nuts and bolts of governmental financial statementsEquips you to understand the reporting entityDiscusses revenues from non-exchange transactionsHelps you become conversant in various accounting topicsThe recently adopted reporting model for governments resulted in a radical change in the way governmental financial statements are presented. Suitable for professional managers, budget preparers, school boards, city councils, state legislators, and comptrollers, Governmental Accounting Made Easy, Second Edition is your essential guide for a clear, concise, understandable explanation of government finances.
Governmental and Nonprofit Accounting: Theory and Practice
by Robert J. Freeman Craig D. Shoulders Gregory S. Allison G. Robert Smith Terry K. PattonThis comprehensive textbook is written through the eyes of the learner to prepare them for professional government and not-for-profit accounting practice and the CPA exam. The updated ninth edition now includes information on new GASB Statement 54,Fund Balance Reporting and Governmental Fund Type Definitions.
Governmental and Nonprofit Financial Management
by Charles K. CoeThe first book to comprehensively discuss both governmental and nonprofit financial management!Governmental and Nonprofit Financial Management makes it easy for both nonprofit and governmental managers to understand essential governmental and nonprofit financial management topics and their various subfields.• Understand the similarities and differences between governmental and nonprofit financial management standards and procedures• Learn multiple cost-saving techniques• Explore highly technical financial management subfields, from auditing and financial analysis to capital budgeting and risk management• Use over 40 applications to calculate everything from T-bill yield to lost cash discounts• Benefit from the in-depth coverage — an excellent primer for the non-accountantBonus! Apply what you have learned by completing problems, cases, and report writing exercises at the end of each chapter.
Governmental Forms and Economic Development
by Maria BrouwerThis book investigates the performance of economic development under different forms of government, ranging from autocratic states to liberal democracies. Starting with a critical review of the literature on social and economic development, including the works of Frank Knight, Max Weber, Joseph Schumpeter and Peter Drucker, it offers a historical analysis of the expansion of markets, cities and trade in medieval Europe, and the monopolization of trade by the emerging European nation states. The book also presents a case study on the rise and decline of the Dutch Republic, discusses topics such as the disadvantages of the central direction of economic organizations, and federal decentralization as a model for promoting growth and investment, and illustrates how successful companies like Semco and Google are building on centuries-old management principles.
Government–NGO Relationships in Africa, Asia, Europe and MENA
by Raffaele MarchettiThis volume brings together some of the most recent scholarship on government and civil society. It examines the axis of the relationship between national governments and civil society organisations (NGOs) by highlighting commonalities as well as differences among four key regions in the world. Using the stability vs. instability framework, the book explores a range of pertinent issues, including human rights, development, foreign policy, state-building, regime change, governance frameworks, wars and civil liberties. It studies diverse situations, from those entailing comprehensive cooperation to those involving politically contentious and revolutionary activities. With case studies from Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), this volume will be useful to scholars and researchers of political science, global politics, international relations, sociology, development studies, global governance and public policy, as well as to those in the development sector and NGOs.
Governments and Markets in East Asia: The Politics of Economic Crises (Routledge Malaysian Studies Series #Vol. 3)
by Jungug ChoiGovernments and Markets in East Asia examines the relationship between economic performance, elite co-operation, and political regime stability in the context of the Asian crisis, and argues that economic crisis is not the cause of greater political harmony or discord, but rather that it serves as a catalyst that may encourage elites to cooperate or conflict depending upon the particular circumstances at the time of crisis. This book maintains that the political consequences of the Asian crisis varied according to the type of elite that existed in each stricken society. Including a comprehensive comparative study of five countries' experiences during the economic crisis: Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, South Korea and the Philippines, this book investigates the pre-crisis political context and elite configuration of these five countries, and considers what lessons can be drawn from their experiences. Constituting an impressive body of descriptive and theoretical material on the Asian crisis, this book looks towards the implications of economic crisis for elite behaviour and political stability.
Governments And Mining Companies In Developing Countries
by James H. CobbeThis book examines the relationship between the governments of less developed countries (LDCs) and foreign-owned firms engaged in the extraction of minerals for export. With an approach that synthesizes economic theory, technical considerations, and political factors, Cobbe provides a fresh look at the policy aspects of the "resource bargaining pro
Governments and Tourism
by David Jeffries'Governments and Tourism' is a unique text that studies the general and specific tourism policies from central to local government. Through case studies from around the world, including the UK, USA and France, the role and function of Official Tourism Administrations (OTAs) are evaluated. Governments and Tourism is essential reading for busy practitioners,who wish to know:* How different countries and communities have coped with the opportunities and threats posed by tourism* How they plan to address future opportunities and thresats posed by tourism* What lessons can be applied elsewhere* What should be the complementary functions of the public and private sectors
Governments, Banks and Global Capital: Securities Markets in Global Politics (Routledge Revivals)
by Miroslava FilipovićPublished in 1997, this study analyzes the global capital market as one of the most dynamic aspects of the world economy. As more financial markets were created, the security of the structure came under scrutiny. The book examines the crises in its history and how the global structure can be regulated.
Governments, Markets, And Growth: Financial Systems And Politics Of Industrial Change (Cornell Studies In Political Economy Series)
by John ZysmanThe deterioration in the economic performance of the advanced industrial democracies during the 1970s has provoked an intense debate about the role of government in economic adjustment and growth. In Governments, Markets, and Growth, John Zysman makes a significant contribution to our understanding of these critical international issues by demonstrating that there is a direct relationship between a nation's financial system and its government's ability to restart the growth engine. Professor Zysman argues that there are three distinct types of financial systems, each with different consequences for the political ties between financial markets, industry, and government. Zysman tests his argument by analyzing and comparing the patterns of industrial adjustment in five advanced nations. He contrasts the differing strategies of industrial adjustments primarily in France and Great Britain, but also in Japan, West Germany, and the United States. Governments, Markets, and Growth will be invaluable to the international banking and business community, a wide variety of government officials, and students of political science, economics, and business administration.
Governments, Non-State Actors and Trade Policy-Making
by Ann Capling Patrick LowOne of the most pressing issues confronting the multilateral trade system is the challenge posed by the rapid proliferation of preferential trade agreements. Plenty has been written about why governments might choose to negotiate preferentially or multilaterally, but until now it has been written almost exclusively from the perspective of governments. We know very little about how non-state actors view this issue of 'forum choice', nor how they position themselves to influence choices by governments about whether to emphasize PTAs or the WTO. This book addresses that issue squarely through case studies of trade policy-making and forum choice in eight developing countries: Chile, Colombia, Mexico, South Africa, Kenya, Jordan, Indonesia and Thailand. The case studies are based on original research by the authors, including interviews with state and non-state actors involved in the trade policy-making process in the eight countries of this study.
The Governor's Hounds
by Barry A. Crouch Donaly E. BriceIn the tumultuous years following the Civil War, violence and lawlessness plagued the state of Texas, often overwhelming the ability of local law enforcement to maintain order. In response, Reconstruction-era governor Edmund J. Davis created a state-wide police force that could be mobilized whenever and wherever local authorities were unable or unwilling to control lawlessness. During its three years (1870-1873) of existence, however, the Texas State Police was reviled as an arm of the Radical Republican party and widely condemned for being oppressive, arrogant, staffed with criminals and African Americans, and expensive to maintain, as well as for enforcing the new and unpopular laws that protected the rights of freed slaves. Drawing extensively on the wealth of previously untouched records in the Texas State Archives, as well as other contemporary sources, Barry A. Crouch and Donaly E. Brice here offer the first major objective assessment of the Texas State Police and its role in maintaining law and order in Reconstruction Texas. Examining the activities of the force throughout its tenure and across the state, the authors find that the Texas State Police actually did much to solve the problem of violence in a largely lawless state. While acknowledging that much of the criticism the agency received was merited, the authors make a convincing case that the state police performed many of the same duties that the Texas Rangers later assumed and fulfilled the same need for a mobile, statewide law enforcement agency.