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Informal Learning in the Workplace: Unmasking Human Resource Development
by John GarrickInformal learning has become an extremely important issue as post-industrial workplaces seek to harness its productive potential. Managers and HRD practitioners have attempted to deploy informal learning in the design of corporate cultures, however, most discussions of the subject have tended to be uncritical expositions which do not challenge the underlying economic, philosophical and organisational rationale. Uniquely, this book goes against this tendency. It critically examines definitions of informal learning, and focuses on its application in a variety of workplace contexts. It features: * theories of informal learning* the unmasking of contemporary corporate rhetoric * the implications for accounts of workplace learning of poststructuralist and post-modern perspectives. Incorporating case studies based on interviews with practising managers and HRM practitioners, and a detailed glossary of key concepts and issues, this book will be a valuable reference for students of workplace learning.
Informal Markets, Livelihood and Politics: Street vendors in urban India
by Debdulal SahaLow industrial growth, declining agricultural sector and limited expansion of formal sector employment in India have increasingly forced the poor to take recourse to informal sources of livelihoods. Street vending is one such thriving source of self-employment across cities. This book delves into the sustenance and survival strategies of street vendors across 17 cities in India and assesses the issues revolving around self-created markets, livelihood and politics that are contested in public space. It also presents a conceptual and theoretical understanding of different socio-economic and policy concerns pertaining to street vending in the country. The study shows how despite the absence of legal frameworks and institutional support, these urban self-employed informal workers subsist by arranging ad-hoc alternatives, creating informal institutions and negotiating with formal and informal actors in the market. It also discusses the Street Vendors (Protection of Livelihood and Regulation of Street Vending) Act, 2014, and examines how inclusive the legal recognition is for these workers of informal economy. Drawing on exhaustive research and a wealth of primary data, this book will be useful to scholars and researchers in development studies, labour studies, economics, sociology and those in public policy and urban planning.
Informal Networks: The Company Behind the Chart
by David Krackhardt Jeffrey R. HansonA formal organizational chart won't reveal which people confer on technical matters or discuss office politics over lunch. Much of the real work in any company gets done through an informal organization, with complex networks of relationships that cross functions and divisions. According to the authors, managers can harness the power in their companies by diagramming the advice network, which reveals the people to whom others turn to get work done; the trust network, which uncovers who shares delicate information; and the communication network, which shows who talks about work-related matters.
Informal Sector Innovations: Insights from the Global South
by Mammo Muchie, Saradindu Bhaduri, Angathevar Baskaran and Fayaz Ahmad SheikhIt is well documented that the space of informal economic activity is rising across the globe. This rise has been particularly significant in the least developed and developing countries, especially after the onset of neo-liberal policies and withdrawal of welfare state. There has also been a shift in academic thinking on informal sector, with attempts being made to understand the contribution of informal sector in generating employment and economic growth rather than focusing solely on exploitative labour conditions in these economic activities. Indeed, with the retreat of welfare state and the introduction of contract labour in the formal sector, many issues related to occupational hazards and improper labour conditions do not remain unique to the informal sectors of the economy, particularly in less developed countries.This volume addresses a specific concern: the issue of knowledge generation and innovative activities, which lies at the core of sustained competitive advantage of these activities. The chapters in this book were originally published in the African Journal of Science Technology Innovation and Development.
Informal Sector in Economic Development: An Analytical Foundation
by Prabir BhattacharyaThis book bridges the gap between theoretical and empirical understandings of the informal sector to provide insight into the role of the informal sector within the development process. By analysing three economic sectors, it sets out a framework for analysing urbanisation, rural-urban migration, agriculture- industry relationship, income inequality, structural change, employment, and optimal growth. Through highlighting the economic contribution of the informal sector, its impact on the national output and influence on the labour market is shown, alongside how employment opportunities in the informal sector drive rural and urban migration. This book presents a nuanced understanding of the dynamics of the informal sector and its role in the development of economies. It will be of interest to researchers and policymakers working within development economics and growth economics.
Informal Sector, Migration, and the Beginnings of Structural Transformation: Evidence from India’s Recent Economic History
by Prabir BhattacharyaThis book explores the role of the informal sector at the beginning of the structural transformation of the Indian economy. It highlights the dynamic nature of the informal sector and the crucial role that it played in that transformation. The growth of the informal sector is analysed alongside the decline in agriculture and the growth of industry. Issues such as unemployment, wages, rural-to-rural migration, in addition to rural-to-urban migration, are discussed. The book also considers the role of social factors, including those relating to caste and tribe, in migration decisions. It also highlights the links between migration, the informal sector, and economic growth that are also relevant to other developing countries. This book will be of interest to students and researchers in development economics, development studies, and economic history.
Informal Social Protection and Poverty
by Zahid MumtazThis book analyzes the importance of informal social protection provided by religious institutions such as madrassas in a low-income country such as Pakistan. This book explains that Madrassas are religious schools that have existed in many Muslim countries for centuries and contributed significantly to preserving, forming, and extending human knowledge in medieval times. Further, madrassas are now more commonly viewed as the providers of a narrow education, supporting religious fundamentalism, that may lead to terrorism. However, this book asserts that education is not the only function performed by madrassas. They are a significant source of welfare support for the vulnerable and marginalized households in many low-income countries. This book helps the readers to understand the concept of informal social protection not conceptualized previously. In addition, its various attributes and institutions providing such a form of welfare worldwide are explained in detail; analyzing the usefulness of such a form of social protection would benefit readers of social policy, national governments, and international donor/aid agencies. This book also provides a prescriptive framework for integrating formal and informal social protection. This book provides a new "Multiple Regime Framework", for identifying various regimes in one country at one point in time by applying a novel data collection and analysis methodology. The application of this framework would be of particular interest to social policy scholars, national governments, and donor/aid agencies because it will result in better targeting of social protection policies in the wake of fiscal constraints. Lastly, this book provides a novel data collection and analysis strategy that will benefit the reader of research methodology, development consultants, donor agencies, and policy practitioners interested in using artificial intelligence to make informed and targeted policy decisions.
Informal Women Workers in the Global South: Policies and Practices for the Formalisation of Women's Employment in Developing Economies (Routledge IAFFE Advances in Feminist Economics)
by Jayati GhoshFormalising employment is a desirable policy goal, but how it is done matters greatly, especially for women workers. Indeed, formalisation policies that do not recognise gendered realities and prevailing socio-economic conditions may be less effective and even counterproductive. This book examines the varying trajectories of formalisation and their impact on women workers in five developing countries in Asia and Africa: India, Thailand, South Africa, Ghana and Morocco. They range from low- to middle-income countries, which are integrated into global financial and goods markets to differing degrees and have varying labour market and macroeconomic conditions. The case studies, using macro and survey data as well as in-depth analysis of particular sectors, provide interesting and sometimes surprising insights. Despite some limited successes in providing social protection benefits to some informal workers, most formalisation policies have not really improved the working conditions of women workers. In many cases, that is because the policies are gender-blind and insensitive to the specific needs of women workers. The impact of formalisation policies on women in developing countries is relatively under-researched. This book provides new evidence that will be applicable across a wide range of developing country contexts and will be of interest to policymakers, feminist economists and students of economics, labour, gender and development studies, public policy, politics and sociology.
Informal Work in Developed Nations (Routledge Advances in Heterodox Economics)
by Colin C. Williams Enrico Marcelli Pascale JoassartAlmost everyone residing in a developed nation knows someone who has engaged in paid work that is licit but not reported to the government (e.g., babysitting, gardening, construction, financial consulting). But while most acknowledge that such work is helpful to the individuals involved, and that informal work may enhance a sense of community, most scholars view it as a pre-modern form of exchange and something that disappears as capitalist markets expand globally. Both mainstream and heterodox economics typically assume that there is an inevitable shift towards the formalization of goods and services provisioning as societies become more "advanced" or "developed" (the "formalization thesis"). In these views, the existence of informal activities is a manifestation of backwardness and it is assumed that they will disappear as an economy becomes more "modern." This book challenges these conventional theses about the linear trajectory of informal work and economic development by arguing that informal work is not trivial for understanding modern capitalist economies, and that both mainstream and heterodox theories about the economy must be altered to address the role of informal work in relatively developed economies. This edited collection focuses on informal work in various developed nations, including Canada, the United States, and several in Europe. It will therefore be of interest to policymakers, as well as students and researchers in development studies, social policy, sociology, anthropology, public health, geography, economics and planning. Enrico Marcelli is Assistant Professor of Sociology at San Diego State University, USA. Colin C. Williams is Professor of Public Policy at the University of Sheffield, UK. Pascale Joassart is Assistant Professor of Geography at San Diego State University, USA.
Informal Workers and Collective Action: A Global Perspective
Informal Workers and Collective Action features nine cases of collective action to improve the status and working conditions of informal workers. Adrienne E. Eaton, Susan J. Schurman, and Martha A. Chen set the stage by defining informal work and describing the types of organizations that represent the interests of informal workers and the lessons that may be learned from the examples presented in the book. Cases from a diverse set of countries—Brazil, Cambodia, Colombia, the Dominican Republic, Georgia, Liberia, South Africa, Tunisia, and Uruguay—focus on two broad types of informal workers: "waged" workers, including port workers, beer promoters, hospitality and retail workers, domestic workers, low-skilled public sector workers, and construction workers; and self-employed workers, including street vendors, waste recyclers, and minibus drivers.These cases demonstrate that workers and labor organizations around the world are rediscovering the lessons of early labor organizers on how to aggregate individuals' sense of injustice into forms of collective action that achieve a level of power that can yield important changes in their work and lives. Informal Workers and Collective Action makes a strong argument that informal workers, their organizations, and their campaigns represent the leading edge of the most significant change in the global labor movement in more than a century.ContributorsGocha Aleksandria, Georgian Trade Union ConfederationMartha A. Chen, Harvard University and WIEGO Sonia Maria Dias, WIEGO and Federal University of Minas Gerais, BrazilAdrienne E. Eaton, Rutgers, the State University of New JerseyMary Evans, Rutgers, the State University of New JerseyJanice Fine, Rutgers, the State University of New JerseyMary Goldsmith, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-XochimilcoDaniel Hawkins, National Trade Union School of ColombiaElza Jgerenaia, Labor and Employment Policy Department for the Ministry of Labour, Health and Social Affairs, Republic of GeorgiaStephen J. King, Georgetown UniversityAllison J. Petrozziello, UN Women and the Center for Migration Observation and Social DevelopmentPewee Reed, Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Republic of LiberiaSahra Ryklief, International Federation of Workers' Education AssociationsSusan J. Schurman, Rutgers, the State University of New JerseyVera Alice Cardoso Silva, Federal University of Minas Gerais, BrazilMilton Weeks, Devin Corporation
Informal Workers and Organized Action: Narratives From the Global South
by Neetu ChoudharyThis book utilizes the School to Work Transition Survey (SWTS) of the ILO to discuss what shapes an individual worker’s decision to participate in unionization and how her working condition is affected by that.. There remains a disconnect as far as our understanding of the relationship between the labour’s choice to unionize as individual actor and the broader socioeconomic, political and cultural context of that choice, is concerned.Using the SWTS data, the book focuses on the identification of the correlates of workers’ propensity to unionize, the outcomes of unionizing and their synthesis with the wider political economy context to arrive at stylized patterns in the way informal workers exercise their agency.The book also reflects upon field data on organizing challenges of migrant workers in the light of the COVID-19 pandemic in India. The book does not claim to establish any causality but is interested in bringing out broad patterns that define informal workers’ organizing in a particular context. In the process, the book ends up with the preposition that despite all the heterogeneities across regions, informal workers’ organizing today can be understood through the lens of pragmatism.
Informal Workers and a Political Economy of Lifelong Learning: Provocations from the Margins of Global Capitalism
by Peter Kelly Seth Brown Scott K. PhillipsThis book makes an innovative, sociologically informed contribution to academic and policy discussions about informal work, skills and training for lifelong learning (LLL) and the promise of decent work and just transitions for sustainable development. It does so with an explicit focus on challenges and opportunities as they shape informal economies and the experiences of informal workers in Latin America and the Caribbean, the Middle East and North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, Central and Eastern Europe, and the Asia Pacific. The authors highlight historical and contemporary characteristics of informality in different regions from a political economy of LLL perspective. This political economy approach draws on theories of post- and neo- colonialism, space, place and globalisation, critical accounts of curriculum and pedagogy in skills and vocational education and training. The book will appeal to students and scholars of education, particularly adult education and LLL and technical and vocational education and training, as well as sociology, labour economics, and international and sustainable development.
Informal Workplace Learning and Employee Development: Growing in the Organizational New Normal (Routledge Studies in Management, Organizations and Society)
by Malgorzata Rozkwitalska-Welenc Beata A. Basinska Alicja DettlaffThe new paradigm in employee development assumes that employees should proactively direct their learning and growth. Most workplace learning is basically informal and occurs through daily work routines, peer-to-peer interactions, networking, and typically brings about significant positive outcomes to both individuals and organizations. Yet, workplace learning always occurs in a pre-defined context and this context has recently changed, and hereafter many people have been delegated to work from home or any other remote locations. Many employees would like to maintain remote or hybrid work design in the future, as well. In this research monograph, the authors explore an unexplored topic in social science research concerning proactive employee development through informal learning in new ways of working (NWW). The authors are esteemed experts in organizational studies, organizational psychology, and human resource management. The monograph will be of interest to students and researchers in organizational studies, organizational behavior, organizational psychology and organizational learning, as well as human resource professionals concerned with employee development and the changing nature of work.
Informality and Bank Credit: Evidence from Firm-Level Data
by Junko Koeda Era Dabla-NorrisA report from the International Monetary Fund.
Informality and Inclusive Growth in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA Development Report)
by Gladys Lopez-Acevedo Marco Ranzani Nistha Sinha ElsheikhiThe long-standing informality debate in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region has taken on a new urgency as it looks for a pathway to more socially inclusive growth that is less reliant on fossil fuels. This is occurring against a backdrop of subpar labor market outcomes, further growth setbacks, and deteriorating fiscal and current account deficits in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic--and in the wake of high inflation and supply chain disruptions triggered by the Russian Federation-Ukraine war. 'Informality and Inclusive Growth in the Middle East and North Africa' aims to better understand the characteristics and incentive structure that have led to the prevalence of informal employment in three MENA countries--the Arab Republic of Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia. The report breaks new ground by adopting a comprehensive perspective to focus on the features of, and interrelationships among, different aspects of these countries' institutional landscapes to make sense of the complex incentive structure that workers and firms face when deciding between formal and informal options. Specifically, the report groups these issues in three broad realms: (1) entrepreneur-worker relations, (2) taxes and transfers, and (3) market conditions. 'This report is an extremely welcome addition to the literature on MENA labor markets. By analyzing the incentive structure and institutional factors that have led to the prevalence of informal employment in Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia, it points the way to policy actions that can be taken to reduce informality and increase social protection for workers. It is a must-read for anyone who cares about greater economic inclusion in MENA.' --Ragui Assaad, Professor, Hubert H. Humphrey School of Public Affairs, University of Minnesota 'A compelling account of the implications of informality in the workforce and how economies of MENA can design appropriate policy responses. This timely report comes amid multiple social reforms in MENA and is a must-read for policy practitioners and economists in the region.' --Karim El Aynaoui, Executive President, Policy Center for the New South 'This report is particularly timely given the negative impact the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent crises have had on living standards and poverty rates around the world and especially in MENA countries. While the focus on boosting growth and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals has revolved around financing, the report sheds new light on the benefits that tackling informality through institutional, regulatory, and policy changes could present to achieving these goals.' --Mahmoud Mohieldin, Executive Director, International Monetary Fund
Informality, Labour Mobility and Precariousness: Supplementing the State for the Invisible and the Vulnerable (International Political Economy Series)
by Abel PoleseFrom the erosion of state legitimacy in Lebanon to the use of smartphones in Kyrgyzstan, from a Polish suburb to the music scene in Azerbaijan, this volume attempts to explain why, in a variety of world regions, a substantial number of people tend to ignore or act against state rules. We propose to look at informality beyond simplistic associations of the phenomenon with a single category such as "informal labour" or "corruption". By doing this, we propose to look for a correlation between the emergence, and persistence, of some informal practices and the quality of governance in a given area. We also suggest that a better understanding of the variety of informal practices present in a region can help conceptualising more adequate interventions and eventually improve the socio-economic conditions of its inhabitants.
Informantenschutz: Ethische, rechtliche und technische Praxis in Journalismus und Organisationskommunikation (Journalistische Praxis)
by Peter Welchering Manfred KloiberDie Kommunikation der B#65533;rger - vor allem im Internet - wird fl#65533;chendeckend kontrolliert und #65533;berwacht. Das stellt Journalistinnen und Journalisten vor gro#65533;e Herausforderungen: Wie k#65533;nnen sie die Kommunikation mit Informanten und Gew#65533;hrsleuten so absichern, dass sie Ihre Quelle nicht in Gefahr bringen? Wie sichert man Rechercheergebnisse vor Manipulation, Diebstahl oder Verlust? Das Buch beantwortet Fragen rund um die ethischen, rechtlichen und technischen Aspekte des Informantenschutzes. Nach der Lekt#65533;re k#65533;nnen die Leser wichtige Sicherungsma#65533;nahmen sofort umsetzen: Vom Verschl#65533;sseln der Festplatte bis hin zur stenografischen Sicherung wichtiger Informationen.
Informatics Education in Healthcare: Lessons Learned
by Eta S. BernerWith the growth of the use of electronic medical records there has been a concomitant increase in training and education programs in informatics and health IT to prepare individuals as researchers, leaders, managers and developers of informatics tools, intervention and systems. This book will provide both theoretical and practical information for educators in a variety of these programs. We will include the "tacit knowledge" of experienced teachers, which is often not captured in traditional education textbooks. The book would be a blend of strategies, methods and suggested curriculum content. The book is designed to address issues common to all programs as well as education programs for special audiences. The chapter authors are all nationally recognized for their expertise in, and commitment to, informatics education. Although some chapters appear to be addressing specialized areas, there are general lessons to be learned even from those chapters in addition to the chapters that are specifically addressing general issues. The aims of the book are as follows: To address the lack of a broad based book in best practices for informatics education To provide a educational knowledge foundation for informatics educators at all levels To provide specific lessons learned in specialized informatics education areas.
Informatics Education in Healthcare: Lessons Learned (Health Informatics #92)
by Eta S. BernerThis heavily revised second edition defines the current state of the art for informatics education in medicine and healthcare. This field has continued to undergo considerable changes as the field of informatics continues to evolve. The book features extensively revised chapters addressing the latest developments in areas including relevant informatics concepts for those who work in health information technology and those teaching informatics courses in clinical settings, techniques for teaching informatics with limited resources, and the use of online modalities in bioinformatics research education. New topics covered include how to get appropriate accreditation for an informatics program, data science and bioinformatics education, and undergraduate health informatics education. Informatics Education in Healthcare: Lessons Learned addresses the broad range of informatics education programs and available techniques for teaching informatics. It therefore provides a valuable reference for all involved in informatics education.
Informatics and Management Science I: 204 (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering)
by Wenjiang DuThe International Conference on Informatics and Management Science (IMS) 2012 will be held on November 16-19, 2012, in Chongqing, China, which is organized by Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Nanyang TThe International Conference on Informatics and Management Science (IMS) 2012 will be held on November 16-19, 2012, in Chongqing, China, which is organized by Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Nanyang Technological University, University of Michigan, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, and sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC). The objective of IMS 2012 is to facilitate an exchange of information on best practices for the latest research advances in a range of areas. Informatics and Management Science contains over 600 contributions to suggest and inspire solutions and methods drawing from multiple disciplines including:<P><P> Computer Science<P> Communications and Electrical Engineering<P> Management Science<P> Service Science<P> Business Intelligence<P> Management Science<P> Service Science<P> Business Intelligence<P> echnological University, University of Michigan, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, and sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC). The objective of IMS 2012 is to facilitate an exchange of information on best practices for the latest research advances in a range of areas. Informatics and Management Science contains over 600 contributions to suggest and inspire solutions and methods drawing from multiple disciplines including: Computer Science Communications and Electrical Engineering Management Science Service Science Business Intelligence
Informatics and Management Science II: 205 (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering)
by Wenjiang DuThe International Conference on Informatics and Management Science (IMS) 2012 will be held on November 16-19, 2012, in Chongqing, China, which is organized by Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Nanyang Technological University, University of Michigan, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, and sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC). The objective of IMS 2012 is to facilitate an exchange of information on best practices for the latest research advances in a range of areas. Informatics and Management Science contains over 600 contributions to suggest and inspire solutions and methods drawing from multiple disciplines including:<P><P> Computer Science<P> Communications and Electrical Engineering<P> Management Science<P> Service Science<P> Business Intelligence<P> Management Science<P> Service Science<P> Business Intelligence<P>
Informatics and Management Science III: 206 (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering)
by Wenjiang DuThe International Conference on Informatics and Management Science (IMS) 2012 will be held on November 16-19, 2012, in Chongqing, China, which is organized by Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Nanyang Technological University, University of Michigan, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, and sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC). The objective of IMS 2012 is to facilitate an exchange of information on best practices for the latest research advances in a range of areas. Informatics and Management Science contains over 600 contributions to suggest and inspire solutions and methods drawing from multiple disciplines including:<P><P> Computer Science<P> Communications and Electrical Engineering<P> Management Science<P> Service Science<P> Business Intelligence<P> Management Science<P> Service Science<P> Business Intelligence<P>
Informatics and Management Science IV: 207 (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering)
by Wenjiang DuThe International Conference on Informatics and Management Science (IMS) 2012 will be held on November 16-19, 2012, in Chongqing, China, which is organized by Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Nanyang Technological University, University of Michigan, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, and sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC). The objective of IMS 2012 is to facilitate an exchange of information on best practices for the latest research advances in a range of areas. Informatics and Management Science contains over 600 contributions to suggest and inspire solutions and methods drawing from multiple disciplines including:<P><P> Computer Science<P> Communications and Electrical Engineering<P> Management Science<P> Service Science<P> Business Intelligence<P> Management Science<P> Service Science<P> Business Intelligence<P>
Informatics and Management Science V
by Wenjiang DuThe International Conference on Informatics and Management Science (IMS) 2012 will be held on November 16-19, 2012, in Chongqing, China, which is organized by Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Nanyang Technological University, University of Michigan, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, and sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC). The objective of IMS 2012 is to facilitate an exchange of information on best practices for the latest research advances in a range of areas. Informatics and Management Science contains over 600 contributions to suggest and inspire solutions and methods drawing from multiple disciplines including: Computer Science Communications and Electrical Engineering Management Science Service Science Business Intelligence
Informatics and Management Science V: 208 (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering)
by Wenjiang DuThe International Conference on Informatics and Management Science (IMS) 2012 will be held on November 16-19, 2012, in Chongqing, China, which is organized by Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Nanyang Technological University, University of Michigan, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, and sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC). The objective of IMS 2012 is to facilitate an exchange of information on best practices for the latest research advances in a range of areas. Informatics and Management Science contains over 600 contributions to suggest and inspire solutions and methods drawing from multiple disciplines including:<P><P> Computer Science<P> Communications and Electrical Engineering<P> Management Science<P> Service Science<P> Business Intelligence<P> Management Science<P> Service Science<P> Business Intelligence<P>