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International Monetary Cooperation Since Bretton Woods
by Harold JamesThis comprehensive account of the management of the international monetary system from the 1944 Bretton Woods conference to the present day documents the structure and movements of the world economy during a period of dramatic change. Commissioned by the International Monetary Fund to mark its fiftieth anniversary, the work is nevertheless a fully independent one: written by an outside historian with full access to IMF archives and staff, and reviewed by an independent editorial committee. An objective study of issues and events that are often controversial, the book skillfully interweaves the history of the IMF with that of world economic developments after the Second World War. The International Monetary Fund was created at Bretton Woods, but almost immediately the rivalry between the Soviet Union and the West split the industrialized world into two economic camps. As a result the IMF's role underwent significant changes in the immediate post-war years. Harold James analyzes the system during a period of relative stability until 1971, when the United States abandoned fixed exchange rates. Since that time countries have experienced radical fluctuations in the values of their currencies and the IMF has contended with the consequences. James brings to this history a unique breadth of knowledge and mastery of both economic theory and archival sources. In a well-paced and smoothly flowing narrative, key themes emerge, including the IMF's increasing surveillance role in global capital markets and its responsivenes in ensuring international monetary stability. Recent political changes make it possible to bring to light the Fund's work promoting liberalization in planned economies. James also reveals how intellectual changes have led to increasing consensus in the world about what constitutes good economic policy. The gold standard and the dollar standard, he concludes, have been replaced by a new "information standard" under which acccurate economic information is crucial to continuing properity. A story of continuity as well as change, International Monetary Cooperation Since Bretton Woods offers enduring lessons about international economic coordination. It will be of strong interest to all those concerned with the future, as well as the past, of the world economy.
International Monetary Cooperation: Lessons from the Plaza Accord after Thirty Years
by C. Fred Bergsten Russell A. GreenIn September 1985, emissaries of the world's five leading industrial nations—the United States, Britain, France, Germany, and Japan—secretly gathered at the Plaza Hotel in New York City and unveiled an unprecedented effort to correct the largest set of current account and exchange rate imbalances that had ever threatened the world economy. The Plaza Accord is credited with sharply realigning exchange rates, significantly reducing current account imbalances, and countering protectionist pressures in the United States. But did the Accord provide a foundation for ongoing international financial stability and policy coordination? Or was it simply a unique one-time coincidence of national interests?The Plaza experience continues to inform today's debates about the limits and possibilities of international monetary cooperation. In late 2015, leading policymakers and economists—including those who were involved in the Accord's design, negotiation, and implementation—held a Plaza Retrospective conference at the Baker Institute for Public Policy to evaluate the Accord's legacy and how its collaborative spirit can be applied today. This volume presents their views and analyses to provide guidance for a time when the world again faces the prospect of currency disequilibria, growing imbalances, trade policy reactions, and thus uncertainty for both the global economy and world politics.Data disclosure: The data underlying the analysis in this volume are available. The data used in chapter 14 are taken directly from William Cline's Policy Briefs 15-8 and 15-20, with the exception that they have been manipulated with a key assumption stated in the chapter.
International Monetary Economics: Special Papers In International Economics, No. 3, August 1962 (Routledge Library Editions)
by Fritz MachlupContaining Fritz Machlup's papers on international finance spanning thirty years, this volume includes pieces translated into English for the first time. Focussing on the theme of the balance of payments, the work is structured as follows: Foreign Exchanges and Balance of Payments, The Effects of Devaluation, Gold and Foreign Reserves, Capital Movements and the Transfer Problem. An introduction to each section by the author is included.
International Monetary Fund
by International Monetary FundA report from the International Monetary Fund.
International Monetary Fund Handbook
by Bernhard Fritz-Krockow Parmeshwar RamloganA report from the International Monetary Fund.
International Monetary Reform: A Specific Set of Proposals (Europa Economic Perspectives)
by John WilliamsonThis volume is a contribution to the debates surrounding international monetary reform. The author examines and analyses the workings of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and suggests how the international monetary system could, through changes to the IMF, be reshaped and reformed. Chapters examine the Palais-Royal report, explain how the IMF could be granted unlimited bailout powers to confront a global crisis, propose an exchange-rate based mechanism by which the international community could discipline excessive imbalances, examine alternative possibilities for the supply of future reserves, advocate `enthronement of the Special Drawing Right’, and discuss the obstacles in the way of such an ambitious reform agenda.
International Money And Capitalist Crisis: The Anatomy Of Global Disintegration
by E. A. BrettIn attempting to understand the growing importance of the monetary problem for deficit countries, the author found himself drawn into more and more abstract and general problems of economic theory and institutional change. The post-war period has completed the internationalisation of capitalism: production at any point depends directly upon a mult
International Money Laundering Through Real Estate and Agribusiness
by Fausto Martin De SanctisThis book examines two types of transnational money laundering: the use of offshores and wire transfers to "invest" in real estate; and agribusiness, a nebulous activity that is difficult to regulate. The author also examines current international mechanisms to combat money-laundering; whether these efforts have been successful or unsuccessful; and whether multilateral instruments are an effective tool in the war against international organized crime. As national borders have opened and trade barriers have fallen, transnational crime has grown at unprecedented levels. The current situation, better revealed by the so-called "Panama Papers," is a result of a lack of local cooperation in the investigations, prosecution, and/or extradition of criminals. Governments profit from ill-gotten wealth hosting international criminal enterprises in their own territories, thus providing a fertile ground for illicit practices, closing their eyes to the nexus among false or inappropriate identification, fraudulent records, corruption, and money laundering. If these types of transnational money-laundering are allowed to remain as they are currently treated, the shift in the financial paradigm, from centralized and regulated to decentralized and "unregulated," would allow for the continuation of some of the most dangerous criminal activity. In this timely book, the author presents arguments that by "following the money," capital movements involved in transnational money laundering through real estate and agribusiness can be examined, revealed, and understood.
International Money and Credit: The Policy Roles
by George M. von FurstenbergA report from the International Monetary Fund.
International Money and Finance
by Anthony J. MakinThis textbook focuses on key international monetary and financial phenomena, exploring the determinants of exchange rates, international competitiveness, interest rates, saving, investment, international capital flows, commodity prices, the terms of trade, financial crises, foreign investment and economic growth. The text enhances understanding of international money and finance by providing background on globalisation and characteristics of the world economy, as well as detailed explanation of important international monetary variables. It then systematically develops a suite of compatible theoretical frameworks to analyse perennially important international monetary questions. A major feature of the text is its emphasis on real world policy relevance, covering topics such as inflation targeting, the operation and effectiveness of fiscal and monetary policy, public debt sustainability, exchange rate regime choice, commodity price gyrations, the causes and consequences of financial crises, and the gains from foreign investment.
International Money: A Collection of Essays
by Charles P. KindlerbergerThis book was first published in 1981.
International Multi-Unit Leadership: Developing Local Leaders in International Multi-Site Operations
by Chris EdgerIn International Multi-Unit Leadership, Chris Edger builds on his earlier Effective Multi-Unit Leadership. First - showcasing up-to-date, contemporaneous case studies of market-leading international organisations - the book takes a cross-border perspective on leading from the middle in international subsidiaries that are committing significant capital to land-based multi-unit infrastructures. Secondly, it captures the zeitgeist of internationalizing hospitality, retail, service and leisure organizations facing challenges in relation to multi-channel/smart technology spread, divergent national cultures and emergent, imitative local competition. Thirdly, it addresses the conundrum that most subsidiary multi-unit leaders (regional, area and district managers) face, generating commitment amongst their unit managers and team members, whilst coping with their firm’s country of origin-based control and change agendas. Continuing the themes that emerged in his earlier book, particularly around how multi-unit leaders (MULs) and directors are expected to expedite a number of competing and contradictory functions, the author finds that in subsidiary-based international situations, complexity and ambiguity escalates due to 'distance decay' and the level of internal and external contextual turbulence. Based on exemplary case studies, the author examines how high-performance MULs manage paradox and ambiguity within an international context and how organizations can deliver local effectiveness within a strategic framework determined by a policy-making centre hundreds or thousands of miles away. The research and case studies in this book will appeal to managers within international multi-unit enterprises, service directors wishing to train and coach others, students on any of the increasing number of multi-unit management programmes being run in business schools, and academics with an interest in internationalizing service-based enterprises.
International NGO Engagement, Advocacy, Activism: The Faces and Spaces of Change (Non-Governmental Public Action Series)
by Helen YanacopulosInternational NGO Engagement, Advocacy, Activism.
International Natural Resources Law, Investment and Sustainability (Routledge Research in International Environmental Law)
by Shawkat Alam, Jahid Hossain Bhuiyan and Jona RazzaqueInternational Natural Resources Law, Investment and Sustainability provides a clear and concise insight into the relationship between the institutions that govern foreign investment, sustainable development and the rules and regulations that administer natural resources. In this book, several leading experts explore different perspectives in how investment and natural resources come together to achieve sustainable development in developing countries with examples from water, oil and gas, renewable energy, mineral, agriculture, and carbon trading. Despite varying perspectives, it is clear that several themes are central in considering the linkages between natural resources, investment and sustainability. Specifically, transparency, good governance and citizen empowerment are vital conditions which encourage positive social, economic and environmental outcomes for developing countries. In addition, this book provides new insights into key concepts which underpin international law, including sovereign rights and state responsibility principles. It is clear from this book that in the attempt to reconcile these concepts and principles from separate legal regimes, complex policy questions emerge whereby it is difficult to attain mutually beneficial or succinct outcomes. This book explores how countries prioritise their policy objectives to achieve their notion of sustainable natural resource use, which is strongly influenced by power imbalances that inform North–South cooperation, as well as South–South cooperation in the international investment regime. This book will be of great interest to students, academics and researchers of international environmental law, international human rights law, international investment law and international economic law. This book may also be of relevance to environmentalists, policy-makers, NGOs, and investors working in the natural resources field.
International Negotiation
by Ho-Won JeongNegotiation has always been an important alternative to the use of force in managing international disputes. This textbook provides students with the insight and knowledge needed to evaluate how negotiation can produce effective conflict settlement, political change and international policy making. Students are guided through the processes by which actors make decisions, communicate, develop bargaining strategies and explore compatibilities between different positions, while attempting to maximize their own interests. In examining the basic ingredients of negotiation, the book draws together major strands of negotiation theories and illustrates their relevance to particular negotiation contexts. Examples of well-known international conflicts and illustrations of everyday situations lead students to understand how theory is utilized to resolve real-world problems, and how negotiation is applied to diverse world events. The textbook is accompanied by a rich suite of online resources, including lecture notes, case studies, discussion questions and suggestions for further reading.
International Negotiation in China and India
by Rajesh Kumar Verner WormIn recent years China and India have captured the world's imagination and many foreign investors are now seeking to capitalize on opportunities in these countries. Yet, negotiation in India and China poses its own set of challenges for foreign investors and they will need to be shrewd, patient, and exercise perseverance if they are to succeed in these markets. The authors highlight the key differences between the two societies and show how these differences affect the negotiating style in each culture. The two countries differ in many respects. China is a Confucian based society while India's cultural legacy is that of Hinduism. China is an authoritarian state while India is democratic. China was never subject to foreign domination of the sort that India experienced. These differences have had a profound impact on their negotiating style and this book analyses the key aspects of such a style and the most appropriate strategies for negotiating in these environments.
International Networks, Advocacy and EU Energy Policy-Making (Palgrave Studies in European Union Politics)
by Alexandra-Maria BocseThis book explores the role which policy networks and particularly advocacy coalitions play in EU energy policy, and the factors that account for their policy success. It captures the often neglected interaction between public and private actors in EU energy security policy and between opposing advocacy coalitions. The volume’s case studies examine coalitions working on two issues central to EU energy policy debates over the last decade: fracking for shale gas and developing the Southern Gas Corridor, a pipeline system linking Europe with the gas region of the Caspian Sea. Although the coalitions studied are focused on impacting EU energy policy, they stretch beyond the EU borders. The book draws on original, rich, and intriguing data, around 90 interviews with energy stakeholders and over six months of fieldwork and participant observation, analysed through an innovative combination of frame analysis and social network analysis.
International Oil Markets in the Age of Climate Change: How the Energy Transition Affects the Price of Oil
by Adi ImsirovicThe oil industry is set to change dramatically over the next decade with oil consumption needing to drop substantially to achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement. Yet oil will be needed for many more years and oil markets will continue to be important. This book explores the impact of the energy transition on oil markets and the ways in which the producing countries, companies, crude oil values and benchmarks may change. It sets out the ways in which changes to the oil markets and prices resulting from the energy transition can be mitigated and managed, and will be relevant to professionals working within oil markets and policymakers interested in the energy transition.
International Operations Management: Lessons in Global Business
by Alberto F. ToniInternational Operations Management: Lessons in Global Business uses a fascinating selection of case studies researched during the 'International Operations Management Project', sponsored by the European Commission, to produce a valuable view of businesses in Western and Eastern traditions. Ranging from China Post and Flextronics International (Singapore) to Electrolux, Ford, and GlaxoSmithKline, the studies link conceptual and practical approaches in five areas: international operations management strategy, sourcing and manufacturing, new product development, logistics, and networked organisations. Throughout, the authors compare the Western and Eastern approaches to business, and introduce theory to clarify the comparison and the real consequences of internationalisation. With its balance of theoretical and applied content, this volume, created from an exciting collaboration between universities and schools of management in Europe and China, serves as both a primary and supplementary source for higher level students and educators, and as a worthwhile read for interested practitioners.
International Operations Networks
by John Johansen Sami Farooq Yang ChengAlthough the area of International Manufacturing Network (IMN) and International Operations Network (ION) has received considerable attention in the literature, most of studies appear multifaceted and interdisciplinary, and thereby require thorough investigation from both academic and practical perspectives, in order to deepen our related understanding. The book seeks advanced contributions that will combine theoretical insights and empirical experience by offering a detailed examination of IMN and, further, ION from various perspectives. This book can be used as a reference material for scholar-practitioners, business executives, and university researchers who need to deepen their understanding on the importance and influence of IMN and ION as well as their development. The book is important because there are few reference/resource materials available related to IMN and ION.
International Organizational Behavior: Transcending Borders and Cultures
by Dean McFarlin Paul SweeneyIn today’s increasingly diverse, multicultural business world, managers and employees alike need to transcend many borders (literally or figuratively) and grasp a wide variety of cultural nuances on a routine basis. Doing this well requires both a sophisticated understanding of cultural differences as well as a repertoire of skills and management tactics that can be brought to bear to build and maintain a competitive global workforce. International Organizational Behavior focuses on understanding and managing organizational behavior in an international context, providing both the conceptual framework needed for a transcendent understanding of culture along with plenty of practical advice for managing international challenges with organizational behavior.
International Organizational Behavior: Transcending Borders and Cultures
by Dean McFarlin Paul SweeneyThis book focuses on understanding and managing organizational behavior in an international context, considering the conceptual framework of culture and offering practical advice for navigating cultures in the workplace. Readers will gain new tools to interpret behavior, helping them to manage international challenges effectively. The authors outline the critical management and adaptation skills necessary to develop within a globalized organization, teaching the reader how to recruit, coordinate, and evaluate an international team. Updated "Culture Clash" and "Global Innovations" boxes provide important insights into identifying a core set of values to "customize" management techniques across cultures, focusing particularly on growing countries like India and China. The new edition features a more streamlined chapter structure, updated discussion questions, and new end-of-chapter cases with self-scoring quizzes for further development. International Organizational Behavior will prove a valuable resource for any student of organizational behavior, international management, and international business. A companion website provides additional support for instructors, featuring an instructor’s manual, test bank, and PowerPoint slides.
International Organizations Amid Global Crises: Analysing Role Selection and Impact through Role Theory
by Jeremy Youde Stefan Rother Alexander Libman Amy Below Sebastian Harnisch Rikard Bengtsson John F. Clark Laura Von Allwörden Maria J. Debre Leslie E. WehnerInternational Organizations (IOs) have been at the forefront of responding to crises in the 21st century, and yet there is little comparative research on how, and how effectively, they have done this. This book fills this gap by exploring what roles IOs take in response to global crises and to what effect. Bringing together a range of international contributors, the book examines a vast array of international and regional organizations, including the International Organization for Migration, World Health Organization, African Union and European Union. Aiming to answer key questions about IO behaviour, the book investigates these IOs’ responses to pressing issues including the global COVID-19 pandemic, the liberal order and security, and the climate crisis.
International Organizations Revisited: Agency and Pathology in a Multipolar World
by Dennis Dijkzeul and Dirk SalomonsDespite the sustained scholarly attention that the United Nations and international NGOs have received in the twenty-first century, they still remain under-researched from a management studies perspective. This volume brings together rich analyses of these organizations’ functioning, arguing that they are best understood as intermediaries between international decision-making and funding bodies in the developed world and initiatives that take place on the ground, primarily in the Global South. Based on current management research, this follow-up to Rethinking International Organizations (Berghahn, 2002) provides a wealth of both empirical and theoretical insights, along with practical recommendations how these organizations can function more effectively.
International Organizations and Development, 1945–1990
by Marc Frey Sönke Kunkel Corinna R. UngerThis volume explores how international organizations became involved in the making of global development policy. The book looks at the driving forces and dynamics behind that process, and critically assesses the consequences their policies have had around the world. It addresses problems that are at the core of today's debate about international organizations: how and why did international organizations and INGOs make development their mission in the first place? What did they promise and what were they expected to achieve? How did they conceptualize development and through what means did they promote it? What changes did they bring about in the field of global development? And thus, what difference did they make?