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Local Action on Climate Change: Opportunities and Constraints (Routledge Advances in Climate Change Research)
by Susie Moloney Hartmut Fünfgeld Mikael GranbergThere is growing interest in analysing the role and effectiveness of the local scale in responding to the global challenge of climate change. However, while accounts of urban climate change governance are growing, there is now a real need for further conceptual and empirical work to better understand processes of change and uptake across a range of climate change actions. Local Action on Climate Change examines how local climate change responses are emerging, being operationalized and evaluated within a range of geographical and socio-political contexts across the globe. Focussing on the role and potential of local governments, non-government organisations and community groups in driving transformative change, the authors analyse how local climate change responses have emerged and explore the extent to which they are or have the potential to be innovative or transformative in terms of governance, policy and practice change. Drawing on a diverse range of case studies, including examples from Vanuatu, Japan, South Africa, Australia, Sweden, the USA and India, this volume will be of great interest to students and scholars of climate change, environmental policy and governance, and sustainability.
Local Authority Accounting Methods Volume 1: The Early Debate 1884-1908 (Routledge Library Editions: Accounting)
by Hugh M. Coombs J. R. EdwardsThis book contains a collection of papers dealing with a range of controversial issues which exercised the minds of local authority officials from 1884-1908. The 28 items reproduced cover a wide range of matters. They are presented chronologically because many of the papers deal with more than one topic but also because it provides a clearer guide to the development of views on numerous inter-related issues. These issues are still of interest and relevant today: most of the papers deal with the need to improve the level of accountability to local electors – something which has been the main thrust of UK government policy since 1979. Other papers focus on the need to address internal accounting problems, such as the need for improved costing procedures to measure the performance of different activities.
Local Authority Accounting Methods Volume 2: Problems and Solutions, 1909-1934 (Routledge Library Editions: Accounting)
by Hugh M. Coombs J. R. EdwardsThe book contains a collection of papers dealing with a range of controversial accounting issues which exercised the minds of local authority officials during the period 1909-1934 and the "solutions" embodied in the Accounts (Boroughs and Metropolitan Boroughs) Regulations 1930. The contributors to the debate were mainly local government officials and the items reproduced cover a wide range of matters such as the content of the abstract accounts; the need for standardization and an illuminating comparison of the nature and contents of municipal accounts with those of limited companies. A number of issues which received close attention from the literature during the early part of the present century were related to the growth of municipal trading undertakings (water, gas, tramways and electricity). The pricing of these services was a matter of considerable debate; questions included whether these services should be priced to generate a profit, break-even or receive a subsidy from the rates. The depreciation question and the related issues of loan periods and the need for a sinking fund receive some attention as do the growing concern of municipal debt.
Local Authority Accounting Methods: The Early Debate, 1884-1908 (Routledge New Works in Accounting History)
by John Edwards Hugh J. CoombsThis book contains a collection of papers dealing with a range of controversial issues which exercised the minds of local authority officials from 1884-1908. The 28 items reproduced cover a wide range of matters. They are presented chronologically because many of the papers deal with more than one topic but also because it provides a clearer guide to the development of views on numerous inter-related issues. These issues are still of interest and relevant today: most of the papers deal with the need to improve the level of accountability to local electors - something which has been the main thrust of UK government policy since 1979. Other papers focus on the need to address internal accounting problems, such as the need for improved costing procedures to measure the performance of different activities.
Local Authority Borrowing: Past, Present and Future (Routledge Revivals)
by Sir Harry PageLocal Authority Borrowing (1985) sets out the history of local authorities’ activities as borrowers. The early attempts to finance the building of toll roads and bridges are the beginning of a story which carries on through the centuries to the present-day market in local authority bonds worth over £48 billion. The book moves on from the history to discuss what reforms might be implemented to improve still further the efficiency of the market in the future.
Local Climate Change and Society: Local Climate Change And Society (Routledge Advances in Climate Change Research #1)
by M. A. Mohamed SalihAlthough the impacts of climate change are certainly global, its manifestations and subsequent consequences begin locally. Local Climate Change and Society examines how climate change has altered society’s relationship with the environment and particularly local communities to adapt to and mitigate climate change. The book analyzes the principles, practices and local responses to micro-level climate policies and interrogates the increasing role of local governments and local climate social movements induced by transnational corporations’ activities both above and below the equator. This book contains country and cross-country case studies and inter-disciplinary contributions written by academics, researchers and policy makers at the cutting edge of climate change knowledge. It aimed at students of environmental and climate change in the social sciences, academics, climate change public. Local climate change and society has direct appeal to professional staff concerned with environmental management, and policy makers supporting communities and municipalities in climate change adaptation and mitigation processes and activities at the at local level.
Local Clusters in Global Value Chains: Linking Actors and Territories Through Manufacturing and Innovation (Routledge Studies in Global Competition)
by Gary Gereffi Eleonora Di Maria Valentina De MarchiThe international fragmentation of economic activities – from research and design to production and marketing – described through the lens of the global value chain (GVC) approach impacts the structure and performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) agglomerated in economic clusters. The consolidation of GVCs ruled by global lead firms and the recession of 2008-09 exacerbated the pressures on cluster actors that based their competitive advantage on local systems, spurring an increasing heterogeneity, both across and within clusters, that is still overlooked in the literature. <P><P> Drawing on detailed studies of different industries and countries, Local Clusters in Global Value Chains shows the co-evolutionary trajectories of clusters and GVCs, and the role of firms and their strategies in organizing manufacturing and innovation activities in the context of ongoing technological shifts. The book explores the tension between place-based variables and global drivers of change, and the possibility for territories containing such clusters to prosper in the new global scenario. By adopting insights from the GVC framework and management studies, the book discusses how the internationalization strategies of firms create opportunities as well as constraints for adaptive upgrading in clusters. This book is of interest to both researchers and policy-makers who are interested in the dynamic sources of competitive advantage in the global economy.
Local Communities and the Mining Industry: Economic Potential and Social and Environmental Responsibilities (Routledge Studies of the Extractive Industries and Sustainable Development)
by Nicolas D. Brunet Sheri LongboatThis book explores the challenges and opportunities at the intersection of the global mining sector and local communities by focusing on a number of international cases drawn from various locations in Canada, the Philippines, and Scandinavia. Mining’s contribution to economic development varies greatly across countries. In some, it has been a major engine of development, but in others, disputes have erupted over land use, property rights, environmental damage, and revenue sharing. Corporate social responsibility programs are increasingly relied upon to manage company-community relations, yet conflicts persist in many settings, with significant costs for companies and communities. Exploring the many factors and drivers that characterize relationships among different actors within the sector, the volume contributes towards the development of practical wisdom, collective understanding, common sense, and prudence required for the mining sector and community partners to realize the economic potential and social and environmental responsibilities of non-renewable resource development. The book examines case studies from Canada, Scandinavia, and the Philippines, three regions amongst the world's top countries of mining operations. Drawing on their extensive experience in these regions, the contributors explore distinctive mining sectors in the Global North and South, the variation surrounding different types of extractive industries, and at different scales, and the legal processes in place to protect local communities. Key themes include corporate social responsibility, impact assessment, foreign ownership, Indigenous Peoples, gender, local insurgency, and mining disasters as well as climate change. The book identifies areas of future research and pathways to achieving stronger, respectful, and mutually beneficial relationships at the nexus of global mineral extraction and local communities. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of the extractive industries, natural resource management, sustainable business and corporate social responsibility, Indigenous studies, and sustainable planning and development.
Local Consumption and Global Environmental Impacts: Accounting, Trade-offs and Sustainability (Routledge-SCORAI Studies in Sustainable Consumption)
by Yang Yu Kuishuang Feng Klaus HubacekThis book describes how local consumption, particularly in urban areas, is increasingly met by global supply chains. These supply chains often extend over large geographical distances and have greater global environmental impacts, contributing to pollution, climate change, water scarcity, and deforestation. As consumption is increasingly met by globalized supply chains, causing social, economic, and environmental impacts elsewhere, consumption decisions can unknowingly contribute and reinforce global inequality and exploitation. To account for the impacts of consumption and distribution of wealth we need to analyze global supply and value chains. In this volume, the authors provide an overview of key methods of analysis, including Multi-Regional Input-Output analysis and Life Cycle Assessment. Subsequent chapters connect local consumption to the global consequences of different environmental issues, such as water and land use and stress, greenhouse gases emissions, and other forms of air pollution. Each issue is addressed in an individual chapter, including case studies from China, U.S. and UK. The book will be key reading for students taking courses in environmental sciences, sustainability sciences, ecological economies, and geography.
Local Content Policies in Resource-rich Countries
by Christian A. Nygaard Yelena Kalyuzhnova Yerengaip Omarov Abdizhapar SaparbayevThis book analyses the role of local content (LC) policy in the economic development of five resource-rich countries: Brazil, Kazakhstan, Norway, Russia and the UK. The authors situate LC policy within a framework of sustainability in the form of industrial diversification and innovation-led growth, and examine how effective LC policies are in facilitating sectoral and economy-wide catching up. Structured in five chapters, the book begins with an introduction and then presents an overview of LC definitions and situates LC policies within a framework of economic development. The third chapter compares specific examples of LC development and highlights variations in practice as well as learning across case countries. The fourth chapter focuses on macro-economic, micro-economic and institutional challenges conditioning LC development and the ability of LC policies to assist innovation-led growth. The authors conclude by examining what the future holds for LC policies and their role in promoting economic growth and addressing the wider social, political and economic challenges in resource-rich countries.
Local Content Requirements: A Global Problem (Policy Analyses in International Economics #102)
by Gary Clyde Hufbauer Martin Vieiro Erika Wada Cathleen Cimino-Isaacs Jeffrey SchottIn the wake of the Great Recession of 2008–09, economists feared that protectionist policies might sweep the world economy, echoing the wave of tariff escalations during the Great Depression of the 1930s. To some surprise, officials were more restrained and largely avoided traditional forms of protection (tariffs and quotas). As a result, economists underestimated the incidence of new protectionism because policymakers increasingly turned to more opaque behind-the-border nontariff barriers (NTBs).Using a combination of statistical analysis and case studies, the authors show that local content requirements (LCRs), a form of NTB, have become increasingly popular. How much was global trade actually reduced on account of LCRs? A conservative estimate might be $93 billion. Case studies featured cover the healthcare sector in Brazil, wind turbines in Canada, the automobile industry in China, solar cells and modules in India, oil and gas in Nigeria, and "Buy American" restrictions on government procurement.
Local Content Requirements: Promises and Pitfalls (Routledge-ERIA Studies in Development Economics)
by Gene M. Grossman Lili Yan IngAs anti-globalization and geopolitical tensions continue to rise, the use of local content requirements (LCRs) around the world has become more noticeable than ever before. The reasons for adopting LCRs range from ensuring domestic supply availability, job creation, and increasing value added to safeguarding national security. Ing and Grossman examine country-specific as well as firm-product level exercises to explain how LCRs reduce fair competition, resulting in lower trade and productivity, which ultimately lowers world economic output and overall human welfare. Countries around the world are investigated with specific attention to the US, China, Indonesia, and resource-intensive countries, including mining-intensive ones. The book also presents product- and firm-level analyses, answering the question of why countries adopted LCRs and how LCRs actually affect the world economy. This book is a useful resource that will interest policymakers, researchers, and advanced undergraduates interested in international trade, industrial policy, political economy, labour economics, and development economics.
Local Content in Procurement: Creating Local Jobs and Competitive Domestic Industries in Supply Chains
by Michael WarnerLocal Content in Procurement is the first book of its kind. Recognizing the substantial economic and social value brought to host countries and local communities through the procurement practices of large private and public companies, this book by Dr Michael Warner – Director of the consultancy firm Local Content Solutions and former architect of the Local Content standards for BG Group – provides a first-hand account of the Local Content regulations, strategies and procurement processes needed to realise these social benefits. Acknowledging that the employment and industrial benefits of large-scale procurement have been sorely overlooked, this book is both a how-to manual and a thoughtful insight into the challenge of creating sustainable jobs and competitive national industries through expenditure on bought-in goods and services. With literally trillions of dollars of goods and services being procured over the next ten years in exploring and developing for oil, gas and mineral resources across the globe, the book focuses on these sectors, yet also has wide application to the utilities, construction, infrastructure, manufacturing and defence sectors. Local Content in Procurement has been written for those working for the procurement, strategy and social responsibility departments of major private and public companies and international suppliers, for industrial and economic policy-makers and regulators of local content, and for all those involved in the management of procurement expenditure to develop national and local industries.
Local Dollars, Local Sense
by Michael ShumanHow to shift your money from Wall Street to Main Street and achieve real prosperity
Local Economic Development and the Environment
by David GibbsThis book focuses upon the potential to integrate economic and environmental policies at the local and regional scale. Local initiatives are investigated within their wider economic and environmental policy contexts in order to illustrate both the constraints and opportunities for local policy makers. Attention is given to global economic trends, as well as to the specific policy contexts of the European Union and the national contexts of the UK, USA, Australia, Japan and Sweden. The key principles for designing integrative policies and descriptions of initiatives and projects in a variety of locations are also considered.
Local Economic Development in the 21st Century: Quality of Life and Sustainability
by Daphne T Greenwood Richard P HoltProvides a comprehensive look at local economic development and public policy, placing special emphasis on quality of life and sustainability. It draws extensively on case studies, and includes both mainstream and alternative perspectives in dealing with economic growth and development issues. The contributions of economic theories and empirical research to the policy debates, and the relationship of both to quality of life and sustainability are explored and clarified.
Local Economic Development in the Changing World: The Experience of Southern Africa
by Christian RogersonOver the last two decades the concept and practice of Local Economic Development (LED) has gained widespread acceptance around the world as a locally-based response to the challenges posed by globalization, devolution, local-level opportunities, and economic crises. Support for local economic development is now firmly on the agenda of many national governments and key international agencies.This volume examines the debates about Local Economic Development and examines some of the unfolding experiences of LED in the developing world. The focus is upon the region of southern Africa, and more especially upon post-apartheid South Africa. LED emerged in South Africa as one of the more significant post-apartheid development options being pursued by empowered localities with the overt encouragement of national government. Elsewhere in the developing world, much interest surrounds the experience of LED in post-apartheid South Africa, which is seen as a laboratory for experimentation, innovation, and learning. The seventeen chapters in this book examine the range of LED interventions that have been the basis for experimentation in the last decade, including both pro-market as well as pro-poor interventions. Key themes include debates about the most appropriate policy directions for LED, its contribution towards sustainable development, the role of social capital, cluster support, public procurement, eco-development, good governance and tourism-led LED. The book also contains a series of detailed case studies on the implementation of LED in South Africa and the wider region of southern Africa, including analyses of LED undertaken at a variety of scales from the provincial, metropolitan, and small-town level. Until now, most research on local economic development has focused on the developed world.This volume breaks new ground in applying LED policy and practices to problems specific to the developing world. It will be of interest to scholars of development studies, urban and regional planning, human geography, and urban studies.
Local Economic Development: Analysis, Practices, and Globalization
by John P. Blair Michael Charles CarrollLocal economies are the building blocks for national ones. An updated and expansive core text, the Second Edition of Local Economic Development: Analysis, Practices, and Globalization provides a comprehensive introduction to the economics of local economic development. Delving into cutting-edge topics such as cluster analysis, creative class orientation, competitive advantage, social capital, business expansion and retention, and learning regions, this clearly written interdisciplinary text connects theories with real-life examples and offers the reader pragmatic tools for future application, including a valuable “how-to” understanding regarding important qualitative tools and their interpretation. Importantly, this text is uniquely accessible to students who lack a background in the field of economics. New to this Edition Offers a global emphasis: Local economic development is clearly linked to national development throughout, making the text useful for adding an international component to traditional national economic development courses. Features an institutionalist focus: The text describes the ways political and the social environments interact with and influence the local development process, giving instructors opportunities to localize course material. It also addresses equity issues and the importance of interregional linkages, demonstrating the importance of an interdisciplinary approach. Demonstrates comparative versus competitive advantages: The author illustrates the changing perceptions of the sources of local advantages, given the dynamic global and technological environments. Provides valuable information on careers in the field: Students will learn about jobs where knowledge of local economic development is a primary or useful requirement, from opportunities as development officials in local agencies to banking to community development. Intended Audience This is an ideal core text for undergraduate and graduate students of economics, political science, geography, public administration, and urban and regional planning. It is also a valuable resource for economic development professionals, NGOs, County Commissioner offices and others involved in the economic aspects of local economic development.
Local Economic Systems and Housing Real Estate Markets in University Towns (Green Energy and Technology)
by Stefano Stanghellini Marta Bottero Alessandra Oppio Marco RossittiThis book investigates the relationship between universities, real estate markets, and local economic systems in light of contemporary urban regeneration processes and sustainability challenges. Indeed, university settlements can generate important spillovers and opportunities in their territory, thus becoming decisive development and transformation factors for cities' socio-economic, productive, environmental, and infrastructural components. Furthermore, the increasing student mobility to university towns raises relevant sustainability issues concerning the housing demand stemming from off-site students, which, by strongly impacting the real estate market, can place students' families and low-income residents against important financial barriers. By collecting the papers presented at the SIEV (Italian Society of Appraisal and Valuation) seminar, held in Florence, Italy, in November 2023 within the context of the "Urbanpromo Progetti per il Paese" cultural event, the book delves into understanding and assessing the complexity of the effects generated by investments in university settlements as a fundamental factor for effective urban development policies aimed both at meeting the "right to study" and maximizing impacts from a circular perspective. The proposed reflections, finding their common thread in the use of interpretative models and methodological tools of the appraisal and valuation discipline, are organized into three parts: Part I &“Investing in university cities: sustainability and urban regeneration issues&”; Part II &“University and real estate markets: evaluation issues and models&”; Part III &“Real estate market and governance in university cities: evidence from case studies&”.
Local Economies and Global Competitiveness
by Bruno Dallago Chiara GuglielmettiThe globalized economy depends on local and context-specific factors. This edited volume addresses local-global nexuses via case studies of global interactions in developed and developing areas, and of particular firms' approaches to these issues. The chapters build up a prospectus on how best to create globally capable localities.
Local Energy Communities: Emergence, Places, Organizations, Decision Tools (Routledge Explorations in Energy Studies)
by Gilles DebizetThis book draws on social science analysis to understand the ongoing dynamics within and surrounding local energy communities in reliably electrified countries: Belgium, Canada, Colombia, France, Germany, India, the Netherlands, Spain, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. It offers a comprehensive overview of recent results and thus outlines a diversity of drivers and levers for scaling up energy communities or, at least, local energy sharing. Analysing the main types of energy communities such as collective self-consumption, citizen cooperatives and peer-to-peer digital platforms, the book does not only raise new questions for social scientists, but also offers a comprehensive overview for all those contributing to the circular economy and the decentralization of energy production in inhabited areas where energy consumption is concentrated. This book provides input for the ongoing debates in many European countries implementing the national law on the European directives for energy communities. Furthermore, without evading the antagonism between cooperative and market approaches, or the contradictions between different issues, the book outlines the innovative decision-making tools that can facilitate the development of local energy production and sharing systems. As well as being of interest to postgraduates and researchers in the field of energy studies, this book will be vital to energy professionals looking to support local energy communities’ decision-making and design, who wish to consider sociological, organizational and territorial dimensions.
Local Energy Governance: Opportunities and Challenges for Renewable and Decentralised Energy in France and Japan (Routledge Explorations in Energy Studies)
by Magali Dreyfus and Aki SuwaLocal Energy Governance: Opportunities and Challenges for Renewable and Decentralised Energy in France and Japan examines the extent of the energy transition taking place at a local level in France and Japan, two countries that share ambitious targets regarding the reduction of GHG emissions, their share of renewable energy and their degree of market liberalization. This book observes local energy policies and initiatives and applies an institutional and legal analysis to help identify barriers but also opportunities in the development of renewable energies in the territories. The book will highlight governance features that incubate energy transition at the local level through interdisciplinary contributions that offer legal, political, sociological and technological perspectives. Overall, the book will draw conclusions that will also be informative for other countries aiming at promoting renewable energies. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of energy policy and energy governance.
Local Energy Markets: Paving the Path Toward the Low-Carbon Digital Power Distribution System
by Tao Chen Meng Song Ciwei Gao Mingyu Yan Yunting YaoThis book provides insight into the coordinated optimization of local energy market (LEM) with low-carbon digital operation of the distribution system from a demand-side perspective. There are four sections to characterize the ongoing development and future trends of LEM, including trading behaviors of prosumers, market design considering the impacts of uncertainties, LEM constrained by the distribution network, green LEM considering carbon emission and cutting-edge technologies. This book is expected to offer researchers, engineers, and graduate students in the fields of electrical engineering and energy economics with a unique understanding of LEM.
Local Energy Transitions in Europe: From Practice to Theory (Lecture Notes in Energy #89)
by Hansjörg Drewello Margot Pellegrino Thierry VilminThis book explores the implementation of the EU climate goals at the local and regional level. It sheds new light on local energy transition from an interdisciplinary perspective that includes spatial, economic, environmental and political aspects. Presenting several case studies of local communities across Europe, the book highlights challenges and success factors of decentralized energy transition processes in different urban systems and national contexts. Different areas of intervention are identified, including energy sharing, energy refurbishment of housing, renewable energy generation, and reduction of energy consumption in urban transport. The book explores issues such as local strategies and decision-making processes, civic engagement, urban planning, and the spatial and technical dimensions of local energy transition processes. Finally, it addresses questions of knowledge transfer in the context of local energy transition.
Local Enterprise on the North Atlantic Margin: Selected Contributions to the Fourteenth International Seminar on Marginal Regions (Routledge Revivals)
by John Hutson Reginald ByronFirst published in 1999, this volume offers contrasting views from a variety of academic disciplines, including agriculture, anthropology, economics, geography, management studies, planning, and sociology, which focus on the single two-fold problem of how to understand these issues and what, practically, might be done about them.