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Internationalisation and Strategic Control: An Industrial History (Routledge International Studies in Business History)
by Morten PedersenThis book is a study of the emergence of international business. It immerses itself in the topic of how companies can control income-generating assets in foreign countries, the key element often used to define a multinational enterprise, and propounds the notion that control of crucial dispositions by foreign companies can be achieved by other means than direct foreign investment – cash flow and portfolio ownership. Internationalisation and Strategic Control analyses the extent to which a firm can control the investments of foreign companies in the field of supply and maintenance of production machinery. It achieves this through a case study of how F.L. Smidth & Co., global leaders in providing technology for the cement industry since the 1890s, managed to achieve a vital influence over, and control of, cement-producing companies in Asia in the period 1890-1938. The study examines how this strategy was promoted by some internal and external factors and circumstances, and hindered by others. In highlighting strategic tools and initiatives other than cash flow and portfolio ownership, the book applies concepts taken from a broad range of research fields covering social science, cultural analysis, micro history, Actor-Network-Theory and industrial archaeology. It will be of interest to researchers, academics, and students in the fields of international business, business history and globalisation.
Internationalisation of Chinese Enterprises: A Comparative Study of Cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions (China Perspectives)
by Jia ZongdaThis book investigates cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&A) conducted by Chinese enterprises seeking to evaluate the pivotal factors that influence the results of this dominant form of China’s outbound direct investment. In contrast to previous studies, the author places a particular focus on the provenance of the supply side as a determinant of overseas M&A, comparing acquisitions where target companies originate from developed and developing countries. Other major indices identified include cultural and industrial differences between targets and buyers, enterprise ownership, deal payment forms, types of consolidation and the market environment. Based on investment theories, quantitative analyses and several in-depth case studies, the book elucidates how these factors synergistically determine the success or failure of an acquisition attempt and the short- and long-term performance of Chinese companies’ M&A undertakings. This work will be a practical reference for M&A practitioners as well as academics interested in transnational corporations and mergers, capital market and international investment.
The Internationalisation of Competition Rules (Routledge Research in Competition Law)
by Brendan J. SweeneyThe widespread move towards more market-driven models of political economy combined with the expanding internationalisation of business and commerce has led to a series of proposals for global competition rules. To date these proposals have been hotly contested. The purpose of this book is to investigate in some depth whether there is a rational foundation for pursuing international competition rules, and what form these laws should take. The book takes examples from existing competition laws around the world, in particular the US and the EU both of which have a long history of enforcing established competition rules.
The Internationalisation of Corruption: Scale, Impact and Countermeasures
by Clare Fletcher Daniela HerrmannCorruption scandals hit the headlines all around the world, across a diverse range of institutional, organisational and cultural settings. Corruption is a major obstacle to political, social and economic development - its 'internationalisation' has had profound implications for counter corruption efforts. The Internationalisation of Corruption provides readers with an analytical framework with which to approach the issue of corruption in international affairs, from the perspective of international studies as an interdisciplinary space in the social sciences. The authors also examine the implications of corruption in world politics, international business and global finance; how corruption is linked to transnational crime networks; and the consequences of corruption for international development and world health. The Internationalisation of Corruption addresses the following questions: ¢
The Internationalisation of Retailing
by Gary Akehurst Nicholas AlexanderThe large retail enterprise which does not think on an international basis faces marginalization by competitors building international operations. Here, management researchers in the areas of international retailing offer an insight into the mechanisms of the internationalization of retailing.
The Internationalisation of Retailing in Asia (Routledge Advances in Asia-Pacific Business)
by John Dawson Roy Larke Masao Mukoyama Sang Chul ChoiEuropean retailers have successfully internationalised their activities in Europe but have been less successful in North America. American retailers have been successful in their home market but less so in Europe. The major European and American retailers are now entering Asia and competing directly with each other in a substantive way fort he first time. These Western retailers, using modern managerial methods, are entering markets typified by more traditional managerial approaches. Western managerial cultures and values are interfacing with Asian ones. The results of these moves are new stresses for Asian retail structures that bring a new dynamism to Asian retailing. The contributions in this book explore the conflicts and benefits that arise as retailing in Asia becomes internationalised. The contributions are provided by experts in retail research from across Asia and for the first time in depth analyses are provided of the ways that Western retailers are provoking change in Asia. The book results form a seminar held at the University of Marketing and Distribution Sciences, Kobe, in November 2001 under the auspices of Society for Asian Research in Distribution. Scholars from across the region presented research results of their analyses of the New Commerce now appearing in Asia.
The Internationalisation of the Labour Question: Ideological Antagonism, Workers’ Movements and the ILO since 1919 (Palgrave Studies in the History of Social Movements)
by Stefano Bellucci Holger WeissThis edited collection is a global history of workers’ organisations since 1919, the year when the International Labour Organisation (ILO), the Comintern and the International Federation of Trade Unions were formed. This historical moment represents a caesura in labour history as it epitomises the beginning of what the editors and the contributors in this book call the internationalisation of the labour question. The case studies in this centenary volume analyse the relationship between global workers’ organisations and the new ideological confrontation between liberal capitalism, socialism and communism since the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia. Workers’ organisations, trade unions in particular, grew in importance and managed to organise internationally, forming alliances cemented by ideology and sustained by international institutional bodies or centrals. In the nascent capitalist versus communist struggle, trade unions thrived. Is it mere coincidence that today’s decline of unionism coincides with the end of ideological antagonism? This book emphasises important global labour issues such as gender as well as international workers’ histories from Latin America, Asia and Africa.
The Internationalisation of the ‘Native Labour' Question in Portuguese Late Colonialism, 1945–1962 (Cambridge Imperial and Post-Colonial Studies)
by José Pedro MonteiroThis volume addresses the ways the ‘native labour’ question in the Portuguese late colonial empire in Africa became a recurrent topic of international and transnational debate and regulation after the Second World War. As other European colonial empires were tentatively transforming their labour and social policies in the aftermath of the war, the Portuguese Empire in Africa resisted significant changes in this domain, preserving a strict dual labour regime. As a result, a growing number of individuals, networks and institutions abroad engaged with labour and social realities in Portuguese African colonies, giving origin to a series of instances of denunciation of labour-related abuses. Portuguese authorities responded to these initiatives by selectively engaging with international norms, languages and mechanisms. However, as global decolonisation gained momentum, international and transnational events and processes would significantly constrain Portuguese imperial and colonial decision-making procedures, with the aim of retaining the empire. Therefore, the ‘native labour’ question became in its own right a crucial political and diplomatic element of the broader struggles over the meaning of Portuguese imperial legitimacy. As this volume argues, these historical processes are critical to properly understanding the history of Portuguese late colonialism and its protracted trajectory of decolonisation.
Internationalisation Theory and Technological Accumulation: An Investigation of Multinational Affiliates in East Germany (Studies in Economic Transition)
by Björn JindraThis is the first book to explain the expansion of multinational enterprises (MNEs) into a transition economy from a technology accumulation perspective. The author provides a theoretical alternative to accepted wisdom regarding technology transfer, and discusses the policy implications of this new approach for economic development.
Internationalisierung in der Kontraktlogistik
by Margret Borchert Johanna Heuwing-EckerlandAuf dem Gebiet der Kontraktlogistik besteht eine große Diskrepanz zwischen betrieblicher Praxis und wissenschaftlichem Diskurs. Die Autoren arbeiten das Themenfeld anhand von Theorien des Internationalisierungsprozesses und empirischen Untersuchungen wissenschaftlich auf und konzentrieren sich dabei auf kleine und mittlere Unternehmen. Die Ergebnisse wurden in einem praxisorientierten, Leitfaden leicht verständlich aufbereitet - mit einem Überblick über Methoden, mit Checklisten, weiterführender Literatur sowie relevanten Internetlinks.
Internationalisierung von Start-ups (essentials)
by Dietmar Sternad Martin Stromberger Erich HartliebDieses essential beschreibt Strategien und Voraussetzungen f#65533;r eine gr#65533;ndliche Vorbereitung und zielgerichtete Umsetzung von Internationalisierungsvorhaben von Start-ups. Es gibt jungen und wachstumsorientierten Unternehmen Tipps f#65533;r die Entwicklung einer erfolgreichen Internationalisierungsstrategie. Die wesentlichen Herausforderungen auf dem Weg zum erfolgreichen Auslandsgesch#65533;ft werden dabei ebenso beleuchtet wie die spezielle Rolle des Gr#65533;nderteams und die Chancen, die sich aus der Nutzung von Internettechnologien f#65533;r Internationalisierungsvorhaben ergeben.
Internationalization and Organizations: Challenges and Prospects (Routledge Frontiers in the Development of International Business, Management and Marketing)
by Eric Davoine Olivier Furrer Sophie NivoixTo fill in the gap in theoretical and empirical aspects in the existing international management literature, the book covers a broad variety of issues relating to the challenges facing companies after the recent worldwide crises of financial, sanitary, and geopolitical nature. The book offers an overview of these challenges along three axes: the challenges related to the processes of adapting to the international environment, the challenges affecting the actors of internationalization, and finally the challenges related to the specifics of the international context.The book aims to offer a comprehensive analysis of the theoretical and practical attributes related to the adaptation processes in international business, the cultural evolutions of actors, and the changes in the international environment. It also seeks to help managers and scholars alike to better understand the new challenges in diverse aspects pertaining to international management.To cover these issues, the book addresses topics, which up till now have not been investigated in depth or have not been researched at all. It includes both theoretical and managerial viewpoints and various international examples.
Internationalization in Central and Eastern Europe (Routledge Revivals)
by Marin Alexandrov MarinovThis title was first published in 2002: This is a unique volume among the existing variety of publications on foreign direct investment (FDI) in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) because it focuses on the internationalization process taking place there. It addresses the rapid changes of the business climate in the region that have led to intensive internationalization of companies, businesses and national economies. Existing FDI books have mostly taken the perspective of attracting inward FDI flows, missing the aspect of FDI outflows from CEE countries. While foreign investors face the specific context of a region that poses new requirements to their internationalization strategies, approaches and practices, domestic companies must strive to make their businesses international. Consequently, the book presents the features of internationalization in CEE from home and host company and country perspectives, providing a fresh perspective on this major economic problem.
Internationalization, Innovation and Sustainability of MNCs in Latin America
by Leonardo LibermanPresents research findings and theoretical developments in the International Business field, with special emphasis on the issues of internationalization, innovation and sustainability in Latin America.
Internationalization, Market Power and Consumer Welfare (Routledge Revivals)
by Yves BourdetIn the years prior to this book being originally published in 1992, the study of industrial economics had been dominated by the USA. While there was a fund of theoretical and empirical knowledge relating to the US experience, this is not always relevant in the context of Europe. With its considerable national market the USA developed competition policies that differ from those in the smaller economies of European countries.This collection of essays looks at the market behaviour of an economy more open to international competition. The industrial organization of Sweden provides the ideal representation of smaller economies that can be applied to the other economies of western Europe.The contributors apply different analytical approaches to assess direct and indirect forms of market power. Some papers draw on econometric cross-sectional models exploring the scope of market power and the role of international competition. Others look at specific markets investigating the formation of market power – its costs to consumers and the role of lobbying groups and the political sphere: case studies include the domestic car, white goods, pharmaceutical goods, food, textile and air transport markets. The book also contains papers that examine the role of competition policy towards restrictive practices and mergers in curbing market power and promoting economic efficiency.This book will be of interest to those studying industrial economics and international business and marketing.
Internationalization of Banks: European Cross-border Deals
by Federica SistThis book reviews banking internationalization by considering the new paradigms of globalization. The author primarily analyses why and how banks internationalize through equity deals, and the effect of regulation and market integration on the formation of deals, which allows authorities to manage the banking structure. This is a unique work that describes the relevance of the ownership model and cultural features of the partners and the key factors that help in choosing the market in which the banks bring activities abroad. The book addresses market characteristics, and new scenarios that should impact banks’ internationalization strategies and ability to achieve success in deals that capture the attention of both researchers and practitioners.
Internationalization of Business: Cases On Strategy Formulation And Implementation (MIR Series in International Business)
by Stefan SchmidThis book illustrates the various facets of internationalization in managerial practice, starting with a strategic outline of the many options firms have when formulating internationalization strategies. Designed as a textbook for Bachelor, Master and MBA classrooms, the core of the book consists of six case studies on firms from diverse industries, such as sporting goods, aviation, grocery discount, motorcycle, computer and IT, and fast-food. The cases present a variety of ways of entering and operating in foreign markets, such as export, franchising, joint ventures, strategic alliances, greenfield-investments, acquisitions and mergers. In addition to market entry strategies, the cases provide readers, educators and students with insights into target market strategies, timing strategies, allocation strategies and coordination strategies of well-known companies.
Internationalization of Companies from Developing Countries
by Erdener KaynakExplore new international economic and business trends and how your firm can benefit from them!Internationalization of Companies from Developing Countries provides marketing and economic researchers and students with both theoretical and empirical insights into the motives, methods, and processes of internationalization of firms in the developing countries of Africa. Full of current facts and data, this informative book explores how government policies shape a country's strategies for global competitiveness. The book also discusses motives of internationalization, approaches to market analysis and market knowledge acquisition, and domestic and foreign interfirm relations. Informative and intelligent, Internationalization of Companies from Developing Countries offers you a unique conceptual framework for analyzing and understanding the internationalization process of successful Ghanaian firms and how these principles can be applied to other businesses in developing countries. This unique book will assist you in keeping current with the dynamics of the international market by supplying you with important guidelines and suggestions. It covers: the limitations of contemporary theories that explain the process of internationalization and export development how companies from a developing country become integrated in the global economy how governments can support the internationalization process three prototype orientations of management decisionmaking: planning orientation, action orientation, and network orientation various ways of entering and developing a foreign market the concepts of relationship and interaction as they pertain to international business, especially the relationships between government institutions and corporations Comprehensive and concise, this valuable book fills a void in the current literature about internationalization in developing countries, especially in Africa. Internationalization of Companies from Developing Countries will help you establish productive business relationships and improve the position of your company and its partners in today's global arena.
Internationalization of Consumer Law
by Mateja Durovic Hans W. MicklitzThis book examines the institutions that are producing consumer law at the international level, the substantive issues enshrined in these laws, and the enforcement mechanisms meant to ensure effective protection. The majority of existing research is devoted to the comparative perspective, between countries or between the US and the EU. This book investigates the forceful activities of international and regional organizations, and shifts the focus of research to the internationalization of consumer law, which is largely neglected in particular in the Western-centered political and legal debate. Much of what constitutes consumer law today is focused on banking and finance, and more broadly the financialization and digitalization of the global economy, and society has created a shift in international consumer law production. This book investigates the role that international organizations have on the creation and enforcement of consumer law, and will be of interest to consumer lawyers, practitioners, and officials in organizations such as the United Nations, European Union, and World Bank.
The Internationalization of Currencies: An Appraisal of the Japanese Yen
by George S. Tavlas Yuzuru OzekiA tripolar international monetary system-centered on the U. S. dollar, the deutsche mark, and the yen - appears to be emerging. This paper not only assesses the role of the yen as an international currency but also presents a unified theory of international currency use and distinguishes between the roles of a nation as a world banker and as an international financial intermediary.
Internationalization of Emerging Economies and Firms
by Marin Marinov Svetla MarinovaExplores the impact of country and firm specific factors, the role of institutions and governments, the strive for compensation of initial disadvantages and the struggle in finding ways to counterbalance late coming into the international arena in the process of internationalization.
The Internationalization of Japan (The University of Sheffield/Routledge Japanese Studies Series)
by Glenn D. Hook Michael A. WeinerThe Internationalization of Japan provides the English-speaking reader with the opportunity to hear what some of Japan's leading social scientists and other commentators have to say about the internationalization of their country as well as their country's impact overseas.The topic is of extreme importance now as the international community demands a greater Japanese contribution to international society as well as changes in Japan to facilitate foreign access. The book discusses the internationalization of politics, economy and society. Topics of special interest include the internationalization of Japanese capital, the response of Japanese society to foreign workers, local level initiatives for internationalization and the internationalization of education.To place the internationalization of Japan in comparative perspective there are chapters on Britain and the United States from a leading British and a leading American political scientist respectively. These two and the editors aside, all the contributors are highly regarded Japanese scholars or commentators.
Internationalization of Japanese Firms
by Ryuhei WakasugiThis book takes a comprehensive look at Japanese firms engaging in export and foreign direct investment (FDI) and develops new methods and data to investigate the internationalization of firms, which is a focus issue in international trade. Using micro-level data, the book provides an introduction to theoretical and statistical analysis of internationalization modes of Japanese firms with productivity heterogeneity. It makes clear that although the productivity of internationalized Japanese firms is higher on average than that of firms serving only the domestic market, the difference in productivity between exporters and FDI firms is not as obvious in comparison with that of their counterparts in the United States and Europe. Focusing on this point, the book analyzes not only productivity heterogeneity among firms, but also the differences in firm-specific factors other than productivity: industry-specific factors, market-specific factors such as market size and variable and fixed costs for export, and FDI in destination countries. This in-depth investigation reveals how those factors make the modes of Japanese firms' internationalization different from those in the United States and Europe. Further analysis focuses on the effects of match quality, organizational and institutional factors in the market on firms' exports, and FDI. As an approach to the current trends in international trade, this book is unique in using detailed firm-level panel data drawn from Japanese government statistics.
Internationalization of Luxury Fashion Firms: Examining the Business Models of SMEs (Palgrave Advances in Luxury)
by Andrea Runfola Matilde Milanesi Simone GuerciniInternationalization is an essential component of the business model for luxury fashion companies. Hence, regardless of their size, luxury firms have to develop in foreign markets to seek global demand, build a global image, and manage distribution and communications effectively. Filling a gap in current literature, this book examines the motives, processes, and forms assumed for the internationalization of luxury fashion companies and the relationship between internationalization and business models, with a focus on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and the specific challenges they face. The book proposes cases of Italian SMEs, being Italy a country that is globally recognized as a key player in the luxury fashion industry. Specifically, the authors link internationalization with business models and discuss the business model of luxury fashion SMEs, characterized by "genetic internationalization". Finally, the authors address the main theoretical and managerial implications emerging from their empirical research and discuss the applicability of this model to luxury companies in general. Offering a comprehensive and in-depth view of luxury fashion SMEs, this book is targeted to students, scholars and practitioners interested in luxury firms, internationalization, and business models.
The Internationalization of Small Firms: A Strategic Entrepreneurship Perspective (Routledge Studies In Small Business Ser.)
by Shameen PrashanthamDrawing on empirical case-study research carried out in the Bangalore software industry, this book explores the role of network relationships in the internationalization of small knowledge-intensive firms.Using a conceptual framework, it looks at a range of key themes. These include:networksknowledgetechnology.Highlighting the propensity of small k