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Investmentsteuerrecht: Einführung
by Katrin DornDieses Buch bietet eine aktuelle und praxisnahe Einführung in die komplizierte Materie des Investmentsteuerrechts, die immer mehr an Bedeutung zunimmt, denn nach jüngsten Schätzungen besitzen schon ca. 60% aller deutschen Haushalte Anteile an Investmentfonds. Der Schwerpunkt der Darstellung im Buch liegt auf der Besteuerung des Anlegers. Eine Vielzahl von Praxishinweisen und Beispielen rundet die Darstellung ab.Für die 3. Auflage wurde das Buch vollständig überarbeitet und auf den aktuellen Rechtsstand nach der Investmentsteuerreform 2018 angepasst.
Investmentsteuerrecht: Einführung
by Katrin DornDieses Buch bietet eine grundlegende und aktuelle Einführung in die komplizierte Materie des Investmentsteuerrechts. Der Schwerpunkt der Darstellung im Buch liegt auf der Besteuerung des Anlegers. Eine Vielzahl von Praxishinweisen und Beispielen rundet die Darstellung ab.Die 4. Auflage wurde vollständig aktualisiert und berücksichtigt den aktuellen Rechtsstand.
Investmentstrategien bei Startup- und Private-Equity-Beteiligungen: Ein Vergleich von Industrie-Unternehmen, Family Offices und Investment-Gesellschaften
by Thomas ForsterIn diesem Buch werden systematisch die strategisch wie operativ unterschiedlichen Herangehensweisen von Investment-Gesellschaften (im Sinne unabhängiger VC- und PE-Firmen), Industrie-Unternehmen (bzw. deren Beteiligungstöchtern) und Family Offices bei deren Startup- und Private-Equity-Beteiligungen herausgearbeitet und verglichen. Im Fokus steht dabei der deutsche Markt. Anhand von 15 Hypothesen diskutiert der Autor in seiner empirischen Untersuchung, nach welchen Kriterien die Investoren ihre Targets bewerten, wie und anhand welcher Kennzahlen sie diese nach ihrem Einstieg steuern und ob sie ihre selbstgesteckten Ziele erreichen. Dabei dienen vier Module – zum strategischen Framework, zur Strukturierung der Investments und deren Absicherung sowie zur Erfolgsbewertung des Gesamt-Portfolios – als modelltheoretische Grundlage.
Investopoly: The 8 golden rules for mastering the game of building wealth
by Stuart WemyssWinning at Monopoly requires having a little bit of luck, making the most of your luck and applying certain rules – such as buying as much property as possible, not spending all your cash (having some savings) and negotiating to get a full set of properties as soon as you can. Building wealth is no different. You can win at the game of building personal wealth by applying a set of proven rules: the 8 Golden Rules.In Investopoly, Stuart Wemyss explains the rules he has formulated and refined over two decades of practice, observation and experience. They are not just theory, they are rooted in simple maths, academic studies and/or common sense. They are tested and have been proven to work. They are the rules of the investment game. If you are looking to build wealth that will ensure you are financially secure then this is the book for you. Stuart possesses the rare skill of being able to make financial planning interesting. In this engaging and informative book, he gives sound, easy-to-understand information and encouragement to readers to help them with their planning, saving and investing for a comfortable lifestyle in retirement.
Investor Behavior
by Victor Ricciardi H. Kent BakerInvestor Behavior provides readers with a comprehensive understanding and the latest research in the area of behavioral finance and investor decision making. Blending contributions from noted academics and experienced practitioners, this 30-chapter book will provide investment professionals with insights on how to understand and manage client behavior; a framework for interpreting financial market activity; and an in-depth understanding of this important new field of investment research. The book should also be of interest to academics, investors, and students.The book will cover the major principles of investor psychology, including heuristics, bounded rationality, regret theory, mental accounting, framing, prospect theory, and loss aversion. Specific sections of the book will delve into the role of personality traits, financial therapy, retirement planning, financial coaching, and emotions in investment decisions. Other topics covered include risk perception and tolerance, asset allocation decisions under inertia and inattention bias; evidenced based financial planning, motivation and satisfaction, behavioral investment management, and neurofinance. Contributions will delve into the behavioral underpinnings of various trading and investment topics including trader psychology, stock momentum, earnings surprises, and anomalies. The final chapters of the book examine new research on socially responsible investing, mutual funds, and real estate investing from a behavioral perspective. Empirical evidence and current literature about each type of investment issue are featured. Cited research studies are presented in a straightforward manner focusing on the comprehension of study findings, rather than on the details of mathematical frameworks.
Investor Expectations in Value Based Management
by Magdalena Mikołajek-GocejnaUnderstanding the process of shaping investor expectations is essential to describe and predict changes in the value of assets on the financial markets, especially stock prices on the capital markets and thus the value of companies listed on them. The main objective of this book is to include the investor expectations in the concept of enterprise value management and measurement of shareholders value creation It seems that the role of expectations, as a determinant of investment decisions on the capital market, requires a deep insight and highlight the importance of managing the expectations for creating value for shareholders, in particular in the context of the financial crisis of 2007-2009. Creating value for shareholders is to overcome investor expectations for the rate of return on their initial investment. That means that managers must understand how investors build their expectations. According to studies conducted by T. Copeland and A. Dolgoff'a there is a strong and statistically significant relation between the shareholders returns and the two types of variables: changes in expectations for the future earnings and changes in the level of interference of provided information. Almost 50% of the variance of return rates can be explained by these two variables. Studies have also shown that changes in expectations for long-term profits have a significant and immediate impact on the share price. Readers of this book will be able to understand the process of investor expectation formulation, will know how to create value in response to investor expectations and how to consciously shape investor expectations in order to increase company value.
Investor Oriented Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting
by Jane Thostrup JagdReporting organizations' corporate social responsibility activities is difficult - a lack of regulation means that the communication of these activities varies significantly and there is a multitude of ways in which mistakes can be made. The author provides the tools and insights required to produce investor-friendly CSR reports and includes a chapter showing how the investors can integrate CSR in their quantified analysis of investment-opportunities. Features include formulas, conversion standards and CSR note tables which enable the book to be used as a practical handbook as well as in the classroom. Written by an experienced compliance officer with years of experience in reporting CSR, this book is an easy-to-follow guide for practitioners and students and will be required reading for students of accounting, financial reporting and auditing as well as those in industry who want to improve their organization's reporting standards.
Investor Protection and Corporate Governance
by Alberto Chong'Investor Protection and Corporate Governance' analyzes the impact of corporate governance on firm performance and valuation. Using unique datasets gathered at the firm-levelùthe first such data in the regionùand results from a homogeneous corporate governance questionnaire, the book examines corporate governance characteristics, ownership structures, dividend policies, and performance measures. The book's analysis reveals the very high levels of ownership and voting rights concentrations and monolithic governance structures in the largest samples of Latin American companies up to now, and new data emphasize the importance of specific characteristics of the investor protection regimes in several Latin American countries. By and large, those firms with better governance measures across several dimensions are granted higher valuations and thus lower cost of capital. This title will be useful to researchers, policy makers, government officials, and other professionals involved in corporate governance, economic policy, and business finance, law, and management.
Investor Relations
by Anne GuimardThis practical guide on the theory and practice of Investor Relations combines the art and science of marketing, financial analysis, and financial communications in a single source. It offers expert advice and helpful tips to be used in real business life by corporate executives, financial analysts, students, and anyone competing for capital.
Investor Relations and ESG Reporting in a Regulatory Perspective: A Practical Guide for Financial Market Participants
by Poul Lykkesfeldt Laurits Louis KjaergaardInvestor Relations and ESG Reporting in a Regulatory Perspective is a comprehensive and detailed practical guide for financial market participants, focusing on the stock market, written for practitioners by practitioners. The main themes of the book include the challenging integration of investor relations (IR) and the non-financial reporting of environmental, social and governance (ESG). Further, the book provides a comprehensive overview of the complex regulatory framework of the European Union (EU) related to the financial markets, including the expected global trends in this area. This includes financial legislation such as MiFID II, MiFIR and MAR along with non-financial legislation like the EU’s taxonomy, CSRD and SFDR. In addition, this book explores the non-financial reporting standards of GRI, TCFD, CDSB, IBC, SASB, IRRC and the upcoming ISSB, and discusses the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In addition, the book provides a practical guide regarding IR in special situations, e.g. in connection with takeover response manuals, M&A, investor activism, initial public offerings (IPOs), as well companies’ collaboration with e.g. investment banks and corporate finance advisers, financial PR and IR advisers in such situations. The suggested audience of the book includes board members and senior management of in particular listed companies, and companies considering an IPO; professionals working in the fields of IR, ESG and communications; institutional and retail investors; private equity executives; venture capitalists; investment bankers; legal practitioners; accountants and auditors; financial journalists; and politicians. Finally, university and business students may benefit from an insight into the dynamics of the financial markets and the direction they are moving, a possible inspiration for choosing a future career.
Investor Relations and Financial Communication: Creating Value Through Trust and Understanding (Handbooks In Communication And Media Ser.)
by Alexander V. LaskinEquips students and professionals with the fundamental skills and knowledge needed to succeed in investor relations and financial communication Investor Relations and Financial Communication is a comprehensive, up-to-date introduction to the investor relations and financial communication profession. Written by a leading educator and professional consultant, this authoritative textbook provides the well-rounded foundation necessary for anyone wanting to begin a career as an Investor Relations Officer (IRO). Detailed yet accessible chapters describe all essential aspects of the field, including communication skills, basic financial knowledge, legal and regulatory guidelines, professional standards and practices, and more. Organized in five sections, the book first identifies and defines the jobs available in investor relations and financial communication, detailing the responsibilities, titles, salaries, and key players in the industry. After thoroughly explaining the disclosure of financial and non-financial information, the author describes the regulatory environment in which professionals operate and offers expert insight into issues of corporate governance, environmental sustainability, social responsibility, shareholder activism, and crisis management. Subsequent sections highlight the day-to-day activities of investor relations and financial communication professionals and discuss the future of the field. This invaluable textbook also: Describes the responsibilities of the Investor Relations Officer throughout initial public offering, periodic reporting, and performance evaluation Discusses the role of investor relations professionals in disclosing financial information and educating the investment community Emphasizes the various skills that IROs must possess in order to do their jobs successfully, such as marketing and securities law compliance Includes end-of-chapter review questions, activities, and lists of key terms Investor Relations and Financial Communication: Creating Value Through Trust and Understanding is the perfect textbook for both professional development training programs and undergraduate and graduate courses in investor relations, and is required reading for all those working in investor relations, particularly early-career professionals.
Investor Relations at TOTAL
by Vincent Dessain Gregory S. Miller Anders SjomanExamines investor relations and financial communications in a large company with a diverse group of financial stakeholders. Total is an "energy major" based in Paris, France. The importance of its product and its impact on economies and environments combine with the size of the company to make Total highly visible to investors, governments, environmental groups, and other shareholders. The highly technical nature of Total's many internal activities and the breadth of its complex operations further impacts communication efforts. In addition, as a Continental European firm (in particular, French), Total has strong societal expectations regarding its interactions with employees/citizens vs. shareholders. Examines how Total creates a consistent and clear financial communication that provides information to these diverse stakeholder bases and their different desires for the company. Also asks students to consider how this communication strategy will need adjustment due to a period of high oil prices and a resulting windfall profit during 2005.
Investor Relations Practices at Edwards Lifesciences
by C. Fritz Foley F. Katelynn BolandIn January 2017, the senior leadership team at Edwards Lifesciences were preparing for the quarterly earnings call that would cover the fourth quarter of 2016. They faced questions about what types of information they should disclose on the call, as well as during other key investor relation events that take place throughout the year. <p><p> This case gives students an opportunity to study investor relations decisions, what considerations take place in disclosing various information, and how investor events should be structured and managed.
Investor Results: Building Shareholder Value
by Jack Zenger Dave Ulrich Norm SmallwoodResults-based leaders must demonstrate an ability to make decisions and act in ways that build investor confidence. This chapter offers suggestions to leaders in publicly traded firms for increasing shareholder value.
Investor "Short-Termism": Really A Shackle?
by Rebecca M Henderson Clayton RoseIndustry and Background Note
Investor-State Dispute Settlement and National Courts: Current Framework and Reform Options (European Yearbook of International Economic Law)
by Gabrielle Kaufmann-Kohler Michele PotestàThis open access book examines the multiple intersections between national and international courts in the field of investment protection, and suggests possible modes for regulating future jurisdictional interactions between domestic courts and international tribunals. The current system of foreign investment protection consists of more than 3,000 international investment agreements (IIAs), most of which provide for investment arbitration as the forum for the resolution of disputes between foreign investors and host States. However, national courts also have jurisdiction over certain matters involving cross-border investments. International investment tribunals and national courts thus interact in a number of ways, which range from harmonious co-existence to reinforcing complementation, reciprocal supervision and, occasionally, competition and discord. The book maps this complex relationship between dispute settlement bodies in the current investment treaty context and assesses the potential role of domestic courts in future treaty frameworks that could emerge from the States’ current efforts to reform the system.The book concludes that, in certain areas of interaction between domestic courts and international investment tribunals, the “division of labor” between the two bodies is not always optimal, producing inefficiencies that burden the system as a whole. In these areas, there is a need for improvement by introducing a more fruitful allocation of tasks between domestic and international courts and tribunals – whatever form(s) the international mechanism for the settlement of investment disputes may take.Given its scope, the book contributes not only to legal analysis, but also to the policy reflections that are needed for ongoing efforts to reform investor-State dispute settlement.
Investor Stewardship and the UK Stewardship Code: The Role of Institutional Investors in Corporate Governance
by Daniel Cash Robert GoddardThis book provides a critical assessment of the development of the Stewardship Code 2020, which sets out principles regarding the role of institutional investors in corporate governance. It discusses how the regulatory framework for stewardship evolved before and after the financial crisis, and how that evolution resulted in the 2020 Code. It then critiques the Code from a practical and academic perspective, as well as evaluating the wider regulatory framework; in particular, the position of the FRC (ARGA). The book concludes by offering insight into different pathways that the evolution of stewardship may continue to take. Stewardship Codes modelled on the U.K.’s original 2010 version have been introduced in numerous markets and as such the book will be relevant for an international audience of academics, regulators and policymakers in financial regulation, investment regulation and financial services.
Investor Therapy: A Psychologist and Investing Guru Tells You How to Out-psych Wall Street
by Richard GeistIf your investing strategy has relied on the facts--financial statements, annual reports, technical charts, and so on--congratulations! You're on the way to becoming a successful, complete investor. But you're only partway there. If the markets are about mood swings, turbulence, and uncertainty, if the herd buys like crazy one day, only to sell off the next, doesn't it make sense for you to have a grip on the way in which your individual psychological makeup and emotional state affect your investing strategy? Doesn't the complete investor need to understand both the facts in his head and the emotions of his heart?Dr. Richard Geist has combined the art and science of the seemingly unrelated fields of psychology and investing. He shows that investing success means both having and using solid information and expertly understanding, monitoring, and managing your emotions. This is the first book directed at professional and individual investors alike, illustrating how they can use emotions to become more effective at meeting the ever-increasing challenges of today's investing environment. Dr. Geist's coverage is stimulating and wide-ranging, including topics such as:*Recognizing emotional reactions such as confidence and anxiety as clues to making investment decisions*Avoiding the most common psychological investment mistakes*Analyzing your psychological risk quotient*Reacting appropriately when you're caught in a stampeding herd*Learning how patience--or the lack of it--influences investing decisions*Responding in psychologically healthy ways to losing money in the market*Gaining the psychological skills you need to sell a stock and learning why these skills differ from those needed when making a buy decision *Understanding the psychological needs of management while obtaining useful, valid information for making informed investing decisionsConventional wisdom says "park your emotions at the door when making investing decisions." Dr. Geist brings a new, important perspective to show that the conventional wisdom is not only wrong but harmful to your financial well-being. Success lies in understanding your emotional reactions to the market and its participants and integrating an emotional understanding of yourself into your investing strategies. The successful investor is, above all, a human investor, not a "perfect" machine-like investor.From the Hardcover edition.
Investors and Markets: Portfolio Choices, Asset Prices, and Investment Advice (Princeton Lectures in Finance #3)
by William F. SharpeIn Investors and Markets, Nobel Prize-winning financial economist William Sharpe shows that investment professionals cannot make good portfolio choices unless they understand the determinants of asset prices. But until now asset-price analysis has largely been inaccessible to everyone except PhDs in financial economics. In this book, Sharpe changes that by setting out his state-of-the-art approach to asset pricing in a nonmathematical form that will be comprehensible to a broad range of investment professionals, including investment advisors, money managers, and financial analysts. Bridging the gap between the best financial theory and investment practice, Investors and Markets will help investment professionals make better portfolio choices by being smarter about asset prices. Based on Sharpe's Princeton Lectures in Finance, Investors and Markets presents a method of analyzing asset prices that accounts for the real behavior of investors. Sharpe makes this technique accessible through a new, one-of-a-kind computer program (available for free on his Web site, at http://www.stanford.edu/~wfsharpe/apsim/index.html) that enables users to create virtual markets, setting the starting conditions and then allowing trading until equilibrium is reached and trading stops. Program users can then analyze the final portfolios and asset prices, see expected returns, and measure risk. In addition to popularizing the most sophisticated form of asset-price analysis, Investors and Markets summarizes much of Sharpe's most important previous work and reflects a lifetime of thinking about investing by one of the leading minds in financial economics. Any serious investment professional will benefit from Sharpe's unique insights.
The Investor's Dilemma Decoded: Recognize Misinformation, Filter the Noise, and Reach Your Goals
by Roger D. Silk Katherine A. SilkFew aspects of life are as important as personal finance, as subject to your control, and as suffused with misinformation, noise, and confusion. Now, authors Dr. Roger D. Silk and Katherine A. Silk cut through that confusion and share with you the fruits of their knowledge and experience developed over the last 43 years. After completing a Ph.D. at Stanford where he studied at the cutting edge of finance theory, Dr. Silk's experience includes managing billions of dollars at the World Bank and running a family office for one of the nation's wealthiest families. For the last 26 years as CEO of the nation's leading firm which advises high net worth individuals on financial and other aspects of their philanthropy, Dr. Silk has worked with countless individual investors and financial professionals. Katherine Silk, who holds a master's in history from Stanford, adds a valuable and often-missing historical perspective. Their weekly blog, dealing in depth with a variety of financial, economic, and planning issues, is read by thousands. Unlike many authors in the Personal Finance space, the Silks have the deep technical expertise (it's hard to get a graduate degree from Stanford without it), decades of experience, and the rare ability to express complex ideas in clear, easy-to-understand prose. When Gary Taubes wrote The Case for Keto, he considered calling it “How to Think About How to Eat.” Similarly, The Investor's Dilemma Decoded could be titled “How to Think about How to Invest.” Investor's Dilemma gives you the tools that 99.9% of investors never master — these tools allow you to understand how to think about almost any category of investment, and almost any investment product or program. In addition, the authors take a deep dive into topics including What actually generates investment returns (it's probably not what you think) Is owning a home an investment (you'll learn why the answer is sometimes yes, and sometimes no) Should you own gold (clue: the largest gold holders in the world are central banks) What is a hedge, and are commodity funds an inflation hedge What many well-known investment personalities get wrong on about returns (they tell the truth, but it's the wrong truth) What risk is, and isn't, and why the “safe” course might be the riskiest (but the government says it's safe). How professional financial advisors can add huge value to their individual clients (it's not by picking the best stocks) Should you read this book? If you want to understand how professionals think about investing, about what is realistic and unrealistic, and learn to spot the difference between a Bull Market and Bull-xxxx, the answer is yes.
Investor's Guide to Loss Recovery
by Louis L. StraneyEssential guidance for recovery of lost assets through arbitration, mediation and other forms of conflict resolution Since the discovery of the Madoff fraud and investment scandals associated with the global credit crisis, investors have become aware that they can fight back and demand both justice and monetary recovery. To date, the only reliable resources on securities arbitration have been either sensationalized accounts of how to sue Wall Street or legal references, which provide no practical application. Filled with expert guidance showing investors how arbitration works, Investor's Guide to Loss Recovery fills that gap by providing a focus on all of the investor's options when a conflict arises. Includes charts showing the major areas of litigation as well as empirical evidence of enhanced awareness of investment misconduct Proprietary research by the author, demonstrating arbitration results Analysis on how newly enacted regulatory reforms will impact the process and options for financial fraud victims Personal interviews with securities attorneys, experts and investors Detailed scripts of initial attorney interviews, mediation and arbitration New financial regulations are impacting the options available to investors looking to recover assets. Investor's Guide to Loss Recovery is must-have reading for every investor, financial advisor, and attorney.
Investors' Guide to the United Kingdom 2012/13
by Jonathan ReuvidThis new, fully updated fifth edition of Investors' Guide to the United Kingdom provides an authoritative and essential guide to the current investment climate in the United Kingdom. This includes the principal sectors of opportunity for foreign investors, the grants and incentives available, the financial sector and the laws and business regulations that affect foreign investors.In its World Investment Report 2012, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) confirmed the UK as the largest recipient of foreign direct investment stock in Europe. The Ernst & Young European Attractiveness Survey 2010 found that the UK is the most attractive location for investment in Europe. This reflects its enterprise culture, business-friendly employment laws, world-class support services and relatively benign fiscal policies.Aimed at foreign businesses of all sizes, from multinationals to SMEs and private investors in the UK, this unique guide offers in-depth briefings on the technical aspects of investment as well as business start-up, covering topics such as:Grants and incentives Company formation Financial reporting Business taxation Banking and Finance Local Enterprise Partnerships Commercial law Intellectual property Immigration Pensions and benefits Mergers & acquisitions Joint ventures Private equity and venture capital, AIM market of the London Stock Exchange
Investors' Guide to the United Kingdom 2015/16
by Jonathan ReuvidThis new, fully updated 8th edition of Investors' Guide to the United Kingdom provides an authoritative and essential guide to the current investment climate in the United Kingdom. This includes the principal sectors of opportunity for foreign investors, the grants and incentives available, the financial sector and the laws and business regulations that affect foreign investors. In its World Investment Report 2013, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) reconfirmed the UK as the largest recipient of foreign direct investment stock in Europe. The Ernst & Young European Attractiveness Survey 2014 found that the UK is the most attractive location for investors in Europe and ranks fifth globally after China, the US, India and Brazil in foreign investors' expectations over the next three years. This reflects its enterprise culture, businessfriendly employment laws, world-class support services and relatively benign fiscal policies. Aimed at foreign businesses of all sizes, from multinationals to SMEs as well as Sovereign Wealth Funds, this unique guide offers in-depth briefings on the technical aspects of investment as well as business start-up. This edition features investment opportunities in energy and regeneration which are of interest to primary asset fund managers as well as other key business sectors. Investors' Guide to the United Kingdom is published in association with UK Trade & Investment. Includes a Foreword from Michael Boyd, Managing Director Investment, UK Trade & Investment.
The Investors' Guide to United Kingdom 2011/12
by Jonathan ReuvidInvestors' Guide to the United Kingdom highlights the positive features and practical benefits that continue to make the UK an attractive location for foreign investors. Key industry and services sectors and their business outlooks are profiled in the context of the Government's economic development programme and incentives for industry. These chapters are authored by the editor based on reports and data provided by the private sector, government ministries and agencies, principally the Ministry of Business, Industry and Skills. This is the fifth edition of the vital guide for foreign investors.
The Investors' Guide to United Kingdom 2013/14
by Jonathan ReuvidThis new, fully updated sixth edition of Investors’ Guide to the United Kingdom provides an authoritative and essential guide to the current investment climate in the United Kingdom. The Guide includes the principal sectors of opportunity for foreign investors, the grants and incentives available, the financial sector and the laws and business regulations that affect foreign investors, as well as guidance on taxation and financial accountancy .In its World Investment Report 2013, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) reported that global foreign direct investment (FDI) shrank by 18% in 2012. Against the trend, while FDI inflows to the USA declined by 26% and to the EU by 42%, the UK secured an annual increase of 22%, attracting US$62 billion. Independently, Ernst & Young and the Financial Times confirm that the UK remained the number one FDI location in Europe in 2012.Aimed at foreign businesses of all sizes, from multinationals to SMEs and private investors in the UK, this unique guide offers in-depth briefings on the technical aspects of investment as well as business start-up, covering topics such as:Grants and incentivesCompetition lawCompany formationFinancial reportingBusiness taxationBanking and FinanceCommercial lawIntellectual propertyImmigrationPensions and benefitsMergers & acquisitionsJoint venturesThe AIM market of the London Stock ExchangeInvestors’ Guide to the United Kingdom is published in association withUK Trade & Investment and includes a Foreword from Michael Boyd, Managing Director Investment, UKTI.