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Japan's Foreign Policy Since 1945
by Kevin J. CooneyThis student-friendly text provides a detailed and up-to-date assessment of Japan's foreign policy since 1945, including policy options and choices that Japan faces in the twenty-first century. Using information based on interviews with policymakers in Japan, the author provides new insight into Japan's foreign policy options and analyzes the nation's evolving role in international affairs. The book begins with a brief overview of major issues related to Japan's foreign policy since the mid-nineteenth century, and then focuses on the direction of Japanese foreign policy from 1945 to the present. It examines issues such as Article Nine of the Japanese Constitution, national security needs, the way Japan views the world around it, the role of nationalism in setting policy, and the influence of big industry. It also includes material on Japan's response to 9/11 and the war in Iraq. Designed for both undergraduate and graduate level courses, the text includes Discussion Questions, maps, a detailed bibliography with suggestions for further reading, and an Appendix with the Japanese Constitution for easy reference.
Japan�s Great Stagnation and Abenomics
by Masazumi WakatabeAs the global Great Recession continues, policymakers, economists, and the public are turning to Japenses economic revitalization for answers. Paul Krugman, Nobel laureate in Economics, once said that Japan was a 'full-dress rehearsal for the current crisis. ' Japan has experienced and valiantly overcome the burst of their Bubble economy, financial crisis, lukewarm recovery, and more than a decade-long deflation and stagnation to become one of the most stable economies today. Japan's Great Stagnation and Abenomics chronicles Japan's Great Stagnation and reveals the striking similarities of economic events and policies between the Great Stagnation and the current Great Recession. It also suggests possible dangers ahead and way-outs in the future. This exciting new volume is based on Wakatabe's expertise in economic history and the history of economic ideas and argues that any policy decision is related to cultural ideology. An investigation into the relationshipbetween cultural ideology and policy helps us better understand the policy-making process.
Japan's Industrious Revolution
by Akira HayamiThis book explains in fascinating detail how economic and social transformations in pre-1600 Japan led to an industrious revolution in the early modern period and how the fruits of the Industrious Revolution are what have supported Japan since the eighteenth century, improving living standards and leading to the formation of the work ethic of modern Japan. The arrival of the Sengoku Period in the sixteenth century saw the emergence and domination of government by the warrior class. It was Tokugawa Ieyasu who unified the realm. Yet this unity did not give rise to an autocratic state, as the shogun was recognized merely as a main pillar of the warrior class. Economically, however, from the fourteenth century, currency payments for shōen nengu (taxes paid to the proprietor) became standard, and currency circulation began, primarily in the central region. Under Tokugawa rule, organized domestic coinage of currency began, opening the way to establishing a national economic society. Also, agricultural land was surveyed through cadastral surveys known as kenchi. Land values were converted in terms of rice, so the expected rice yields for each village were assessed, and the lords used this as a benchmark for imposing taxes. In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, Japan experienced a "great transition," and conditions for peasants, agriculture, and farming villages underwent great changes. Inefficient traditional agriculture using peasants in a state of servitude was transformed into highly efficient small-sized farming operations which relied on family labor. As production yields increased due to labor-intensive agriculture, the profits obtained by the peasants improved their living standards. The stem-family system became the norm through which work ethics and even literacy were transmitted. This very change was the result of the "industrious revolution" in Japan. The book thus presents the framework of the facts of pre-industrial Japanese history and depicts pre-modern Japan from a macroscopic point of view, showing how the industrious revolution came about. It is certain to be of great interest to economists and historians alike.
Japan’s Long Stagnation, Deflation, and Abenomics: Mechanisms and Lessons
by Kenji AramakiThis book examines the struggles of the Japanese economy over the last 30 years, analyzing in detail the formation of the huge economic bubble in the 1980s, its collapse at the beginning of the 1990s, and subsequent two decade long economic stagnation and chronic deflation, with the aim of identifying the mechanism of such processes and drawing lessons for future economic policy management. The book also assesses the comprehensive policy efforts called “Abenomics” under the current Abe administration. As Abe continues into a new term, this book will be of interest to Japan scholars, economists, and policymakers around the world, particularly in Asia.
Japan's Lost Decade
by Tim Callen Jonathan D. OstryFor thirteen years excess capacity and debt have weighed down the Japanese economy. This weak economic performance has implications for the world economy as a whole and so the IMF has been involved in a dialogue with the Japanese authorities to identify the policies needed to bring it out of its slump. The papers in this book are part of the process of identifying the causes and proposing solutions. They examine the weakness of the financial sector; corporate restructuring and structural reforms; fiscal policy; monetary and exchange rate policy and the impact of Japanese economic policies on the rest of Asia. The overall conclusion is that although a start has been made on necessary reforms, much still needs to be done
Japan's Missing Arrow?
by Hilary White Laura AlfaroIn late December 2014, Shinzo Abe was elected to another term as the prime minister of Japan. His re-election was largely interpreted as a vote of confidence for his economics policies, collectively referred to as "Abenomics." Comprised of three "arrows," including expansionary monetary policy, fiscal stimulus, and structural reform, these strategies were designed to reverse Japan's two-decade long challenge with deflation and sluggish growth. Japan also faced several worrisome structural issues, including a demographic crisis, strict labor regulations, and low wage growth, despite low unemployment, in addition to a debt balance that reached 240% of GDP. As the Abe government launched a second round of quantitative easing, totaling 80 trillion per year, many wondered, would Abe's three arrows be enough to reverse Japan's problems with economic growth, rising debt, and persistent deflation?
Japan's New Imperialism (Japan In The Modern World Ser.)
by Rob StevenA full scale examination of the 1979 Sino-Vietnamese War - the events that led to it, the Cold War aftermath, and the implications for the region and beyond.
Japan's New Regional Reality: Geoeconomic Strategy in the Asia-Pacific (Contemporary Asia in the World)
by Saori N. KatadaSince the mid-1990s, Japan’s regional economic strategy has transformed. Once characterized by bilateralism, informality, and neomercantilism, Japanese policy has shifted to a new liberal strategy emphasizing regional institution building and rule setting. As two major global powers, China and the United States, wrestle over economic advantages, Japan currently occupies a pivotal position capable of tipping the geoeconomic balance in the region.Japan’s New Regional Reality offers a comprehensive analysis of Japan’s geoeconomic strategy that reveals the country’s role in shaping regional economic order in the Asia-Pacific. Saori N. Katada explains Japanese foreign economic policy in light of both international and domestic dynamics. She points out the hurdles to implementing a state-led liberal strategy, detailing how domestic political and institutional changes have been much slower and stickier than the changing regional economics. Katada highlights state-market relations and shows how big businesses have responded to the country’s interventionist policies. The book covers a wide range of economic issues including trade, investment, finance, currency, and foreign aid. Japan’s New Regional Reality is a meticulously researched study of the dynamics that have contributed to economic and political realities in the Asia-Pacific today, with significant implications for future regional trends.
Japan’s Population Implosion
by Yoichi FunabashiThis cutting edge collection examines Japan's population issue, exploring how declining demographic trends are affecting Japan's social structure, specifically in the context of Greater Tokyo, life infrastructure, public finance and the economy. Considering the failures of past Japanese policies from the perspective of population, national land, and politics, it argues that the inability of past administrations to develop a long-term and comprehensive policy has exacerbated the population crisis. This text identifies key negative chain reactions that have stemmed from this policy failure, notably the effect of population decline on future economic growth and public finances and the impact of shrinking municipalities on social and community infrastructure to support quality of life. It also highlights how population decline can precipitate inter-generational conflict, and impact on the strength of the state and more widely on Japan's international status. Japan is on the forefront of the population problem, which is expected to affect many of the world's advanced industrial economies in the 21st century. Based on the study of policy failures, this book makes recommendations for effective population policy - covering both 'mitigation' measures to encourage a recovery in the depopulation process as well as 'adaptation' measures to maintain and improve living standards - and provides key insights into dealing with the debilitating effects of population decline.
Japan's Postwar History
by Gary D. AllinsonJapan's Postwar History presents the first integrated analysis of the social, economic, and political changes that Japan has experienced since 1945. Drawing on more than three decades of first-hand experience with the country, Gary D. Allinson depicts a dynamic, often turbulent history and illuminates its impact on individuals, families, and communities. Between 1932 and 1952, war, devastation, and foreign occupation caused significant changes in Japan. However, the society that emerged during the 1950s still resembled its prewar predecessor in many ways, according to Allinson. Thereafter, by exploiting a fortunate combination of domestic and international conditions the Japanese people ushered in twenty years of extensive development. Growth created problems as well as profits and imposed some wrenching adjustments after the world economic crises of 1973 and 1979. Nonetheless, Japanese society steadily assimilated the benefits of affluence, Allinson argues. Until worldwide recession drew Japan into a severe economic downturn in the late 1980s, it continued to adapt to the social and political demands of a rich nation enmeshed in a global economy. By the mid-1990s, Japan had reached the end of a cycle of historical change. Plagued with uncertainty and striving to find a formula for regeneration, Japan once again found itself confronting the dilemmas of inequality, instability, and insecurity.
Japan’s Public Policy Companies
by Chalmers JohnsonA provocative study of the government-business relationship in Japan and why it works so well.
Japan's Quiet Transformation: Social Change and Civil Society in 21st Century Japan (Asia's Transformations)
by Jeff KingstonThe 1990s have been termed as 'Japan's lost decade' to describe how the phenomenal growth in the Japanese economy ground to a halt and the country was crippled by enormous and ongoing political, economic and social problems. In responding to these unprecedented difficulties, wide-ranging reforms have been adopted including NPO, information disclosure and judicial reform legislation. Controversially, this book argues that such reforms are creating a more robust civil society and demonstrate that Japan is far more dynamic than is generally recognized.
Japan's Response to Crisis and Change in the World Economy (Routledge Revivals)
by Michèle SchmiegelowOriginally published in 1986, after a period of global changes and financial crisis in the majority of industrialised countries, this book explores how Japan’s economy seemed to maintain its success. This study provides an overview of the Japanese case and the main schools of thought that arose from it by dealing with export-related issues such as reforms in foreign exchange and trade control laws and the internationalisation of Japan’s financial markets as well as more domestic issues such as employment and wages. This title will be of interest to students of Asian Studies and Economics.
Japan's Trade Policy: Action or Reaction? (Routledge Studies in the Growth Economies of Asia #Vol. 4)
by Yumiko MikanagiThis book explores the process of policy-making in Japan providing a valuable insight for academics and policy-makers into Japan's massive trade surpluses and the resultant mounting international pressure to resolve the situation.
Japan's War Economy (Routledge Studies in the Growth Economies of Asia #Vol. 21)
by Erich PauerThis book explores the substantial and dynamic innovations of the wartime era, identifying this period as the most influential for Japan's post-war economic structure. Erich Pauer and a team of leading Japanese and German scholars discuss important aspects of the Japanese wartime economy, including:* ideological background* the Japanese 'planned economy'* technical mobilization* women and the war economy* socio-economic change* food shortages, the black market and economic crime* national policy companies* financial reforms
Japan's Withdrawal from International Whaling Regulation
by Nikolas Sellheim Joji MorishitaThis book examines the impact and implications of Japan's withdrawal from the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling (ICRW), which came into effect in July 2019. In 1982 the International Whaling Commission (IWC) adopted a moratorium on commercial whaling which has been in effect ever since, despite the resistance of some countries, first and foremost Japan, Norway and Iceland, that engage in commercial whaling. As one of the key contributors to scientific research and funding, Japan's withdrawal has the potential to have wide-ranging implications and this volume examines the impact of Japan's withdrawal on the IWC itself, on the governance of whaling, and on indigenous and coastal whaling. It provides backgrounds and commentaries on this decision as well as normative and legal discussions on matters relating to sustainable use of resources, and philosophies surrounding whaling in different IWC countries. The consideration of other international environmental regimes, such as the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) are also examined in order to determine the international ripple effect of Japan’s decision. The book reveals that this is not just a matter of whaling but one which has significant legal, managerial and cultural implications. Drawing on deep analyses of IWC structures, the book addresses core philosophies underlying the whaling debate and in how far these may influence environmental governance in the future. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of environmental law and governance, biodiversity conservation and sustainable development, as well as policymakers involved in international environmental and conservation agreements.
Japan's Withdrawal from International Whaling Regulation (Routledge Studies in Conservation and the Environment)
by Nikolas Sellheim Joji MorishitaThis book examines the impact and implications of Japan’s withdrawal from the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling (ICRW), which came into effect in July 2019. In 1982 the International Whaling Commission (IWC) adopted a moratorium on commercial whaling which has been in effect ever since, despite the resistance of some countries, first and foremost Japan, Norway and Iceland, that engage in commercial whaling. As one of the key contributors to scientific research and funding, Japan’s withdrawal has the potential to have wide-ranging implications and this volume examines the impact of Japan’s withdrawal on the IWC itself, on the governance of whaling, and on indigenous and coastal whaling. It provides backgrounds and commentaries on this decision as well as normative and legal discussions on matters relating to sustainable use of resources, and philosophies surrounding whaling in different IWC countries. The consideration of other international environmental regimes, such as the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), is also examined in order to determine the international ripple effect of Japan’s decision. The book reveals that this is not just a matter of whaling but one which has significant legal, managerial and cultural implications. Drawing on deep analyses of IWC structures, the book addresses core philosophies underlying the whaling debate and in how far these may influence environmental governance in the future. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of environmental law and governance, biodiversity conservation and sustainable development, as well as policymakers involved in international environmental and conservation agreements.
El japonés que estrelló el tren para ganar tiempo: Por qué nos volvemos incompetentes y cómo gestionarlo
by Gabriel Ginebra¿Cómo es posible que la inteligencia individual acabe convertida en incompetencia colectiva? ¿Qué podemos hacer para transformar las organizaciones histéricas e hiperactivas en empresas regidas por el sentido común? El conductor del tren estaba nervioso, llevaba un minuto y medio de retraso, podía caerle una segunda sanción en un mes. Para ganar tiempo aceleró, descarriló, y se produjo la mayor catástrofe ferroviaria del Japón: más de 40 muertos y cerca de 300 heridos. Las empresas padecen una especie de esquizofrenia entre sus mezquindades del día a día y los ingenuos discursos sobre la excelencia. El orgullo, la pereza o la rutina no salen mencionados en los libros de gestión, pero sí están instalados en nuestras oficinas. La búsqueda de la excelencia no resulta el mejor planteamiento para trabajar. No es verdad que si se quiere se puede, ni que lo que no se mide no se puede gestionar. Aunque somos capaces de hacer muchas cosas, no podemos realizarlas todas a la vez, y encima todas bien. Las relaciones con los jefes siempre son tensas, y ¿no es verdad que los mensajes clave se dan en los pasillos en lugar de en las reuniones? ¿Por qué redactar tantos manuales de procedimiento si no los leemos? Gabriel Ginebra quiere, desde la ironía, echar por tierra tópicos tan asentados como la necesidad del cambio o de la motivación para trabajar. El japonés que estrelló el tren para ganar tiempo es una forma nueva de ver la realidad empresarial. Una forma tan radicalmente nueva y tan real que no es otra cosa que volver a lo de siempre, reivindicar que las personas de carne y hueso recuperen el lugar que les corresponde en las empresas. ** Mejor libro de empresa 2012 según Know Square Reseñas:«Gabriel Ginebra desnuda con inteligencia las miserias de nuestras empresas y propone una vuelta a la gestión con sentido, que ponga a la persona enel centro. En tiempos de crisis económica y moral faltan ideas donde agarrarse. Un libro único, entretenido y muy esperanzador.»Leopoldo Abadía, autor del best seller La crisis Ninja «El japonés que estrelló el tren es una radiografía descarnada de cómo funcionan algunas empresas y da pistas de cómo recuperar la normalidad. Gabriel ha vuelto a dar en el clavo.»Javier Fernández Aguado, socio director de MindValue, premio Peter Drucker a la innovación en management (Estados Unidos, 2009). «Para que una empresa avance (innovando, creciendo, adquiriendo, reestructurando) hay que ver su realidad desde distintas perspectivas. Empeñarse en encontrar la solución óptima puede llevar a la parálisis. En esta búsqueda de riqueza mental aparece esta ingeniosa perspectiva de Gabriel Ginebra.»Pedro Nueno, profesor de IESE Business School «El optimista cree que vivimos en el mejor de los mundos posibles, el pesimista teme que eso sea cierto. Un brillante y paradójico análisis sobre la incompetencia surgida de la competencia. Gabriel nos hace pensar que quizá nos tomamos demasiado en serio y que la única salida posible es el management a la contra.»Lluís Amiguet, periodista
Java Made Simple
by P K McbrideJava is a programming language designed for use on networks, in particular the Internet, and can also be used to write full-scale applications. It is based upon C++ and is very similar in its style and structure. Java Made Simple 2nd edition concentrates on getting the reader started and assumes no prior programming knowledge. Once the essentials have been mastered, it provides the confidence to go deeper into the language and broaden and develop invaluable programming skills.
Javascript for R (Chapman & Hall/CRC The R Series)
by John CoeneLittle known to many, R works just as well with JavaScript—this book delves into the various ways both languages can work together. The ultimate aim of this work is to put the reader at ease with inviting JavaScript in their data science workflow. In that respect the book is not teaching one JavaScript but rather we show how little JavaScript can greatly support and enhance R code. Therefore, the focus is on integrating external JavaScript libraries and no prior knowledge of JavaScript is required. Key Features: ● Easy to pick up. ● An entry way to learning JavaScript for R. ● Covers topics not covered anywhere else. ● Easy to follow along.
Javatrekker: Dispatches from the World of Fair Trade Coffee
by Dean CyconIn each cup of coffee we drink the major issues of the twenty-first century-globalization, immigration, women's rights, pollution, indigenous rights, and self-determination-are played out in villages and remote areas around the world. In "Javatrekker: Dispatches from the World of Fair Trade Coffee," a unique hybrid of Fair Trade business, adventure travel, and cultural anthropology, author Dean Cycon brings readers face-to-face with the real people who make our morning coffee ritual possible. Second only to oil in terms of its value, the coffee trade is complex with several levels of middlemen removing the 28 million growers in fifty distant countries far from your morning cup. And, according to Cycon, 99 percent of the people involved in the coffee economy have never been to a coffee village. Cycon changes that in this compelling book, taking the reader on a tour of ten countries in nine chapters through his passionate eye and unique perspective. Cycon, who is himself an amalgam-equal parts entrepreneur, activist, and mischievous explorer-has traveled extensively throughout the world's tropical coffeelands, and shows readers places and people that few if any outsiders have ever seen. Cycon introduces us to the Mamos of Colombia-holy men who believe they are literally holding the world together-despite the severe effects of climate change caused by us, their "younger brothers. " He takes us on a trip through an ancient forest in Ethiopia where many believe that coffee was first discovered 1,500 years ago by the goatherd Kaldi and his animals.
Jay Gould, "The Most Hated Man in America"
by Matthew Preble Tom Nicholas John MaskoRailroad magnate Jay Gould, a controversial figure in the history of U.S. capitalism, was a disruptive influence on an industry that had previously relied on formal and informal agreements to move traffic long distances across lines operated by different companies. Gould and his competitors replaced these agreements with consolidation and system-building, a process which led to the rise of government regulation of railroads in the 1880s and to widespread railroad bankruptcies in the 1890s. This case explores the growth of early American railroads, places Gould's career in context (including his famous attempt to corner the U.S. gold market), and demonstrates the implications of his activities on competitive dynamics in the railroad industry.