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Knowledge for Sale: The Neoliberal Takeover of Higher Education (Infrastructures)
by Lawrence BuschHow free-market fundamentalists have shifted the focus of higher education to competition, metrics, consumer demand, and return on investment, and why we should change this.A new philosophy of higher education has taken hold in institutions around the world. Its supporters disavow the pursuit of knowledge for its own sake and argue that the only knowledge worth pursuing is that with more or less immediate market value. Every other kind of learning is downgraded, its budget cut. In Knowledge for Sale, Lawrence Busch challenges this market-driven approach.The rationale for the current thinking, Busch explains, comes from neoliberal economics, which calls for reorganizing society around the needs of the market. The market-influenced changes to higher education include shifting the cost of education from the state to the individual, turning education from a public good to a private good subject to consumer demand; redefining higher education as a search for the highest-paying job; and turning scholarly research into a competition based on metrics including number of citations and value of grants. Students, administrators, and scholars have begun to think of themselves as economic actors rather than seekers of knowledge.Arguing for active resistance to this takeover, Busch urges us to burst the neoliberal bubble, to imagine a future not dictated by the market, a future in which there is a more educated citizenry and in which the old dichotomies—market and state, nature and culture, and equality and liberty—break down. In this future, universities value learning and not training, scholarship grapples with society's most pressing problems rather than quick fixes for corporate interests, and democracy is enriched by its educated and engaged citizens.
The Knowledge Funnel: How Discovery Takes Shape--How Design Thinking Produces Innovation, Efficiency, and Long-Term Competitive Advantage
by Roger L. MartinThere are two schools of thought when it comes to value creation. One holds that the path to value creation lies in driving out the old-fashioned practice of gut instincts and replacing it with strategy based on rigorous, quantitative analysis. The other favors creativity and innovation. To the proponents of this philosophy, the creative instinct, unfettered by analytical thinking, is held up as the source of true innovation. But according to author Roger Martin, the most successful businesses in the years to come will balance analytical mastery and intuitive originality in a dynamic interplay called "design thinking." In this chapter, Martin describes how embracing design-thinking principles and adopting the model of the knowledge funnel creates advances in both innovation and efficiency--a combination that produces the most powerful long-term competitive edge. This chapter was originally published as Chapter 1 of "The Design of Business: Why Design Thinking Is the Next Competitive Advantage."
Knowledge Generation and Protection
by Jorge Mario Martínez-PivaThe wealth of the most developed nations, and, to a large extent their economic growth, can be explained by the capacities to generate research, create knowledge, appropriate it and transform it into new technologies. The study of the dynamics and contemporary mechanisms for the circulation, access, and commercial application of knowledge is an urgent task, since the capabilities related to technological change appear increasingly to be the path for developing countries to move away from their condition on the periphery. Knowledge Generation and Protection, showcasing research from academics, policymakers, and consultants, offers an analysis of three fundamental topics. The first is whether strengthening protection of intellectual property encourages or hinders technological learning and innovation in the developing countries. The second addresses the way in which knowledge is generated and how it is transformed into useful technology for the market, that is, how national innovation systems work. The third is the role of public policy as an instrument for innovation and for regulating intellectual property. Chapters explore the relationships among intellectual property, innovation, economic development, and policy in depth, with particular attention to such emerging topics as the impact of trade agreements on intellectual property rights and sensitive issues for developing countries such as access to medicines, and protection of biological diversity, living organisms, and traditional knowledge. Several chapters focus on Mexico, which serves as an important example as the only developing nation that is a member of OECD and has a rich history of industrial policy, science and technology policy, and trade openness. The concluding chapter argues that if developing countries seek to develop dynamic competitiveness based on knowledge and innovation in the present context of rigorous intellectual property regulations, they should take a leap in their science and technology policies to take advantage of the growing world market and open up long-term development paths.
Knowledge Graphs and Big Data Processing (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #12072)
by Valentina Janev Damien Graux Hajira Jabeen Emanuel SallingerThis open access book is part of the LAMBDA Project (Learning, Applying, Multiplying Big Data Analytics), funded by the European Union, GA No. 809965. Data Analytics involves applying algorithmic processes to derive insights. Nowadays it is used in many industries to allow organizations and companies to make better decisions as well as to verify or disprove existing theories or models. The term data analytics is often used interchangeably with intelligence, statistics, reasoning, data mining, knowledge discovery, and others. The goal of this book is to introduce some of the definitions, methods, tools, frameworks, and solutions for big data processing, starting from the process of information extraction and knowledge representation, via knowledge processing and analytics to visualization, sense-making, and practical applications. Each chapter in this book addresses some pertinent aspect of the data processing chain, with a specific focus on understanding Enterprise Knowledge Graphs, Semantic Big Data Architectures, and Smart Data Analytics solutions. This book is addressed to graduate students from technical disciplines, to professional audiences following continuous education short courses, and to researchers from diverse areas following self-study courses. Basic skills in computer science, mathematics, and statistics are required.
Knowledge, Groupware and the Internet
by David SmithKnowledge, Groupware, and the Internet details the convergence of modern knowledge management theory and emerging computer technologies, and discusses how they collectively enable business change and enhance an organization's ability to create and share knowledge. This compendium of authoritative articles explains the relationship between knowledge management and two major technologies enabling it: Groupware and the Internet. These critical technologies help an organization evolve from individual to group knowledge, quickly make tacit knowledge explicit, and enable people to use and apply this knowledge. Knowledge, Groupware and the Internet helps readers understand how to unite the people and technologies that define effective knowledge management.
Knowledge Guided Machine Learning: Accelerating Discovery using Scientific Knowledge and Data (Chapman & Hall/CRC Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery Series)
by Anuj Karpatne Ramakrishnan Kannan Vipin KumarGiven their tremendous success in commercial applications, machine learning (ML) models are increasingly being considered as alternatives to science-based models in many disciplines. Yet, these "black-box" ML models have found limited success due to their inability to work well in the presence of limited training data and generalize to unseen scenarios. As a result, there is a growing interest in the scientific community on creating a new generation of methods that integrate scientific knowledge in ML frameworks. This emerging field, called scientific knowledge-guided ML (KGML), seeks a distinct departure from existing "data-only" or "scientific knowledge-only" methods to use knowledge and data at an equal footing. Indeed, KGML involves diverse scientific and ML communities, where researchers and practitioners from various backgrounds and application domains are continually adding richness to the problem formulations and research methods in this emerging field. Knowledge Guided Machine Learning: Accelerating Discovery using Scientific Knowledge and Data provides an introduction to this rapidly growing field by discussing some of the common themes of research in KGML using illustrative examples, case studies, and reviews from diverse application domains and research communities as book chapters by leading researchers. KEY FEATURES First-of-its-kind book in an emerging area of research that is gaining widespread attention in the scientific and data science fields Accessible to a broad audience in data science and scientific and engineering fields Provides a coherent organizational structure to the problem formulations and research methods in the emerging field of KGML using illustrative examples from diverse application domains Contains chapters by leading researchers, which illustrate the cutting-edge research trends, opportunities, and challenges in KGML research from multiple perspectives Enables cross-pollination of KGML problem formulations and research methods across disciplines Highlights critical gaps that require further investigation by the broader community of researchers and practitioners to realize the full potential of KGML
Knowledge Horizons
by Daniele Chauvel Charles DespresKnowledge Horizons charts the feasible future for knowledge management. This practical and provocative resource presents the work of many of the leading voices in knowledge management and related disciplines, who explore the current trends and offer pragmatic and authoritative thinking on applied knowledge management from a variety of positions. Knowledge management is the new frontier for businesses, organizations, and institutions of all kinds. For those that hope to conquer this new territory, establishing a better understanding of current and future knowledge management trends and adoption of the most effective practices is imperitive. There are numerous options for executives: intranets, extranets, groupware, and core competencies are continually being refined. New entitites and rules in terms of intellectual capital and the "Chief Knowledge Officer" are emerging. Knowledge Horizons addresses these issues by exploring current and future knowledge management trends, gauging the future value of knowledge management investments, and how they will drive new business initiatives, and integrates the experience and insights of managers and cutting-edge research from experts in the field.
The Knowledge Illusion: Why We Never Think Alone
by Philip Fernbach Steven Sloman“The Knowledge Illusion is filled with insights on how we should deal with our individual ignorance and collective wisdom.” —Steven PinkerWe all think we know more than we actually do. Humans have built hugely complex societies and technologies, but most of us don’t even know how a pen or a toilet works. How have we achieved so much despite understanding so little? Cognitive scientists Steven Sloman and Philip Fernbach argue that we survive and thrive despite our mental shortcomings because we live in a rich community of knowledge. The key to our intelligence lies in the people and things around us. We’re constantly drawing on information and expertise stored outside our heads: in our bodies, our environment, our possessions, and the community with which we interact—and usually we don’t even realize we’re doing it. The human mind is both brilliant and pathetic. We have mastered fire, created democratic institutions, stood on the moon, and sequenced our genome. And yet each of us is error prone, sometimes irrational, and often ignorant. The fundamentally communal nature of intelligence and knowledge explains why we often assume we know more than we really do, why political opinions and false beliefs are so hard to change, and why individually oriented approaches to education and management frequently fail. But our collaborative minds also enable us to do amazing things. This book contends that true genius can be found in the ways we create intelligence using the world around us.
Knowledge in Organisations (Knowledge Reader Ser.)
by Laurence PrusakFirst Published in 1997. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Knowledge in Risk Assessment and Management
by Terje Aven Enrico ZioExciting new developments in risk assessment and management Risk assessment and management is fundamentally founded on the knowledge available on the system or process under consideration. While this may be self-evident to the laymen, thought leaders within the risk community have come to recognize and emphasize the need to explicitly incorporate knowledge (K) in a systematic, rigorous, and transparent framework for describing and modeling risk. Featuring contributions by an international team of researchers and respected practitioners in the field, this book explores the latest developments in the ongoing effort to use risk assessment as a means for characterizing knowledge and/or lack of knowledge about a system or process of interest. By offering a fresh perspective on risk assessment and management, the book represents a significant contribution to the development of a sturdier foundation for the practice of risk assessment and for risk-informed decision making. How should K be described and evaluated in risk assessment? How can it be reflected and taken into account in formulating risk management strategies? With the help of numerous case studies and real-world examples, this book answers these and other critical questions at the heart of modern risk assessment, while identifying many practical challenges associated with this explicit framework. This book, written by international scholars and leaders in the field, and edited to make coverage both conceptually advanced and highly accessible: Offers a systematic, rigorous and transparent perspective and framework on risk assessment and management, explicitly strengthening the links between knowledge and risk Clearly and concisely introduces the key risk concepts at the foundation of risk assessment and management Features numerous cases and real-world examples, many of which focused on various engineering applications across an array of industries Knowledge of Risk Assessment and Management is a must-read for risk assessment and management professionals, as well as graduate students, researchers and educators in the field. It is also of interest to policy makers and business people who are eager to gain a better understanding of the foundations and boundaries of risk assessment, and how its outcomes should be used for decision-making.
Knowledge in Servitization Management: A Comparative View
by H. M. Belal Olatunde Amoo Durowoju Kunio Shirahada Michitaka KosakaThe last two decades have seen a shift towards service-based value in a process referred to as servitization. Manufacturers have been challenged to create relevant knowledge and adapt to this change. This book has two key purposes. First of all, the authors examine the theoretical underpinnings of knowledge management and servitization, before proposing a conceptual model for knowledge co-creation and organizational knowledge management processes. Then, the model is tested through a series of case studies from Japan and Malaysia, providing insight into experiences of business transformation from produce-centric to service-centric in developed and developing Asian economies. This book will be of interest to academics, students and practitioners in servitization, knowledge creation and knowledge management, especially those interested in Asian economies.
Knowledge, Information and Creativity Support Systems
by Susumu Kunifuji George Angelos Papadopoulos Andrzej M. J. Skulimowski Janusz KacprzykThisvolume consists of a number of selected papers thatwere presented at the 9th International Conference on Knowledge, Informationand Creativity Support Systems (KICSS 2014) in Limassol, Cyprus, after theywere substantially revised and extended. The 26 regularpapers and 19 short papers included in this proceedings cover all aspects ofknowledge management, knowledge engineering, intelligent information systems,and creativity in an information technology context, including computationalcreativity and its cognitive and collaborative aspects.
Knowledge Infrastructure and Higher Education in India (Routledge Focus on Economics and Finance)
by Kaushalesh Lal Shampa PaulThis short book examines the availability and adoption of new education technologies in higher education institutions in India. It provides a summary of the activities in which such technologies are being used and the catalytic factors for such adoptions. The book also evaluates the impact on skill development, and will be a useful reference for those who are interested to find out more about technology adoption and implementation in higher education, and what the challenges are through the learning experiences in these education institutions.
Knowledge, Innovation and Internationalisation: Essays in Honour of Cesare Imbriani (Routledge Studies in Global Competition #63)
by Piergiuseppe MoroneAs firms increasingly rely on knowledge as a key factor for innovation, the ability to innovate is increasingly perceived as a key asset for being competitive in international markets. This new volume argues that innovation, knowledge and internationalisation should be viewed as tightly related concepts. It provides a stimulating and comprehensive framework for understanding key tendencies in modern economics, as well as an overview of the state of the art in the three fields covered. The first section explores in detail the relationship between knowledge and the innovative capability of firms, focussing on key topics such as social capital, intentional knowledge diffusion and unintentional knowledge spillovers. Section two examines the drivers and the impact of innovation strategies, assessing the role of technological advantage, networking and R & D investments in innovation, as well as the impact on innovation on the labour market. The third and final section examines the ongoing internationalisation process faced by ‘global’ economies. The topics explored in each section are tightly linked, ensuring that a strong thematic thread runs through the collection.
Knowledge, Innovation and Sustainable Development in Organizations: A Dynamic Capabilities Perspective (Innovation, Technology, and Knowledge Management)
by Marta Peris-Ortiz João J. Ferreira Jose M. Merigó LindahlThis volume explores the ways in which knowledge and innovation impact business and economic sustainability, offering a wide-ranging and richly illustrated study of knowledge, innovation and sustainability of organizations from a dynamic capabilities perspective. In organizational theory, dynamic capability is defined as an organization’s ability to react and adapt adequately and rapidly to external change. In today’s global economy, pursuing sustainable strategies and practices is critical to organizational success. Complying with externally and internally imposed sustainability targets might initially appear as a restriction for organizations; however, they can be transformed into a new set of opportunities. This means that the classic ways in which management absorbs the experiences associated with evolving conditions, organizational frameworks and markets must be reconsidered in light of the preservation of the technological, environmental and social ecosystems. Featuring research and case studies from sectors such as NGOs, SMEs, education and agriculture, this book offers students, academics, practitioners and policymakers a multi-faceted understanding of how and why knowledge, innovation and sustainability are intricately linked—and offers insight into best practices that balance organizational and societal needs.
Knowledge, Institutions and Evolution in Economics (The Graz Schumpeter Lectures)
by Brian LoasbyWinner of the Schumpeter Prize, 2000 and Winner of the Smith Prize in Austrian Economics, 2000, this book explores how the limitations of human knowledge create both opportunities and problems in the modern economy. The growing field of evolutionary economics has developed as a result of the traditional failure of the discipline to explain certain phenomena that impact greatly on the economy. These are:*Evolution - the impact on the economy of natural change over time*Institutions - the impact on the economy of government and/or company policy, rules and regulations*Knowledge - the impact on the economy that is felt when new information becomes availableKnowledge, Institutions and Evolution in Economics is a punchy overview of these topics and one that has become regarded as something of a modern classic that no serious social sciences academic or student should be without.
Knowledge Integration Methods for Probabilistic Knowledge-based Systems
by Van Tham Nguyen Ngoc Thanh Nguyen Trong Hieu TranKnowledge-based systems and solving knowledge integrating problems have seen a great surge of research activity in recent years. Knowledge Integration Methods provides a wide snapshot of building knowledge-based systems, inconsistency measures, methods for handling consistency, and methods for integrating knowledge bases. The book also provides the mathematical background to solving problems of restoring consistency and integrating probabilistic knowledge bases in the integrating process. The research results presented in the book can be applied in decision support systems, semantic web systems, multimedia information retrieval systems, medical imaging systems, cooperative information systems, and more. This text will be useful for computer science graduates and PhD students, in addition to researchers and readers working on knowledge management and ontology interpretation.
Knowledge Intensive Business Services and Regional Competitiveness (Routledge Advances in Regional Economics, Science and Policy)
by João J. Ferreira Mário L. Raposo Cristina I. Fernandes Marcus DejardinResearch interest in the service sector has boomed in recent years as deindustrialisation became entrenched. Instead of being regarded as merely supplementary to traditional industry and manufacturing, services have generated progressively rising levels of growth in developed economies while at the same time coming to be recognised as major drivers of innovation. Among the factors which have helped service companies notch up swifter growth rates than all other sectors are the outsourcing of such services by other sectors, including the development of information and communication technologies, and changes to the regulatory, legal and market frameworks as well as globalisation and internationalisation. The result is a cluster of highly innovative firms which can loosely be grouped under the heading of Knowledge Intensive Business Services (KIBS). Knowledge Intensive Business Services and Regional Competitiveness charts the development of these firms and explores their success through four mutually linked parts: KIBS and industrial dynamics; KIBS and their context; KIBS and their contribution to regional competitiveness and economic development; and finally, KIBS and public policy. This book is suitable for researchers and policy makers interested in the rise of these influential actors and their influence on regional competitiveness.
Knowledge Intensive Entrepreneurship and Innovation Systems: Evidence from Europe (Routledge Studies In Global Competition Ser.)
by Franco MalerbaThis book examines entrepreneurship from three interrelated perspectives. Firstly, it links entrepreneurship to innovation and to the generation, transformation and use of knowledge. Secondly, it inserts entrepreneurship in innovation systems of various types- national, sectoral and local. Thirdly, it views entrepreneurship not as a single event but as a process that evolves in time, from the pre-entry experience, to the entrepreneurial act, to the evolution of the entrepreneur and the new company. With chapters from a range of international contributors, the book answers questions such as; what are the main dimensions of knowledge intensive entrepreneurship? What are the factors affecting its emergence, evolution and performance? How important is knowledge intensive entrepreneurship for European growth and competitiveness? Is the situation of Central and Eastern Europe, engaged in a process of major economic and institutional transformation, similar or different from the one of Western Europe?
Knowledge Leadership: The Art And Science Of The Knowledge-based Organization
by Sharon Seivert Steven A. CavaleriIn Knowledge Leadership, Cavaleri and Seivert describe the dawning of a new era in which individuals are “leading” rather than “managing” knowledge. In the past, many knowledge-based initiatives have failed because leaders underestimated the powerful link between knowledge and performance improvement – and also because they mistakenly thought that “information” was the same as knowledge. Cavaleri and Seivert claim that, while information is a necessary precursor to knowledge, it is not sufficient in itself for improving business performance. The authors describe notable organizations that use the pragmatic knowledge strategies they describe to gain competitive advantage. Pragmatic knowledge is the result of individuals’ developing a deeper understanding of how (and why) things work best in practice. The process of creating pragmatic knowledge transforms key lessons from systems thinking, total quality management, and organization learning into a powerful new business strategy.To help readers apply the concepts and tools in this book, Cavaleri and Seivert draw on case examples and a decade of original cross-cultural research about knowledge leadership. They also invite readers to use The Knowledge Bias Profile to discover their knowledge leadership style. The book systematically outlines a user-friendly strategy for becoming a knowledge leader and for building high-performing, knowledge-based organizations.
Knowledge Management: An Evolutionary View (Advances In Management Information Systems Ser.)
by Irma Becerra-Fernandez D. E Leidner Dorothy LeidnerThis book serves as a complete introduction to the subject of Knowledge Management (KM), and incorporates technical as well as social aspects, concepts as well as practical examples, and traditional KM approaches as well as emerging topics. Knowledge Management: Systems and Processes enhances the conventional exposition of KM with an in-depth discussion of the technologies used to facilitate the management of knowledge in large and small organizations. This includes a complete description of the theory and applications of the various techniques and technologies currently in use to manage organizational knowledge. The discussion of technology is at a level appropriate for the typical business administration graduate student or corporate manager. Special features:* Includes case studies of actual implementations of KM systems, including details such as system architecture * Contains numerous vignettes describing practical applications of KM initiatives at leading firms and governmental organizations * Provides a balanced view of knowledge management, while incorporating benefits and controversial issues, and both technology and social aspects * Extremely current, making extensive use of latest developments in, and examples from, the field of KM * Written by two proficient and recognized researchers in the field of KM.
Knowledge Management: Systems and Processes
by Irma Becerra-Fernandez Rajiv SabherwalThis text serves as a complete introduction to the subject of knowledge management, incorporating technical, and social aspects of knowledge management, as well as practical examples, traditional approaches, and emerging topics.
Knowledge Management: Systems and Processes in the AI Era
by Irma Becerra-Fernandez Rajiv Sabherwal Richard KumiKnowledge Management: Systems and Processes in the AI Era, Third Edition, is aimed at students and managers who seek detailed insights into contemporary knowledge management (KM). It explains the concepts, theories, and technologies that provide the foundation for knowledge management; the systems and structures that constitute KM solutions; and the processes for developing, deploying, and evaluating these KM solutions. This book serves as a complete introduction to the subject of knowledge management, incorporating technical and social aspects, as well as concepts, practical examples, traditional KM approaches, and emerging topics. This third edition has been revised and expanded to include more coverage of emergent trends such as cloud computing, online communities, crowdsourcing, and artificial intelligence. Aimed at advanced undergraduate, postgraduate, and MBA students who are seeking a comprehensive perspective on knowledge management, Knowledge Management is also complemented by online support for lecturers including suggested solutions to the many review questions and application exercises contained within the book.
Knowledge Management: The Creative Loop
by Jean-Louis ErmineKnowledge Management: The Creative Loop by Jean-Louis Ermine
Knowledge Management: Learning from Knowledge Engineering
by Jay LiebowitzKnowledge Management (KM) is strongly rooted in the discipline of Knowledge Engineering (KE), which in turn grew partly out of the artificial intelligence field. Despite their close relationship, however, many KM specialists have failed to fully recognize the synergy or acknowledge the power that KE methodologies, techniques, and tools hold for enh