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Pricing Photography: The Complete Guide to Assignment and Stock Prices
by Michal Heron David MactavishWritten by successful freelance photographers, this classic trade reference tool provides photographers with a wealth of time-tested information on everything from estimating prices, identifying pricing factors, and negotiating fair deals. Topics discussed include practical information on the economics of photography, cutting-edge negotiation techniques, pricing guidance for photography buyers, how to structure prices to fit any type of market and usage, how to define prices in a way that guarantees long-term profitability, and the specifics of pricing electronic media. A must-have addition to every photographer's bookshelf.
Pricing Strategies: A Marketing Approach
by Professor Robert M. SchindlerWritten by a leading pricing researcher, Pricing Strategies makes this essential aspect of business accessible through a simple unified system for the setting and management of prices. Robert M. Schindler demystifies the math necessary for making effective pricing decisions. His intuitive approach to understanding basic pricing concepts presents mathematical techniques as simply more detailed specifications of these concepts.
Pricing Strategies: Harvesting Product Value
by Robert M. SchindlerWritten by a leading pricing researcher, this book provides a simple unified system for the setting and management of prices. The pricing procedures described are grounded in basic research and are generally applicable over products, situations, and times. The result is that students gain a deeper, more generally useful understanding of this essential aspect of business. The author demystifies the math necessary for making pricing decisions. Using clear, direct language, he explains in detail how to apply expected value, multiple regression, price elasticity, and generalized breakeven analysis to essential pricing tasks. He uses a descriptive approach to explaining mathematical techniques so that formulas can be seen as simply more detailed specifications of intuitive ideas. Used in dozens of college and MBA classes all over the world, Pricing Strategies is now available in a second edition. This revised edition includes updated examples and exercises as well as expanded coverage of topics such as freemium and in-app pricing, subscriptions, tipping, pay-what-you-want pricing, pricing algorithms, and dynamic pricing. Robert M. Schindler is a Professor of Marketing at Rutgers University, USA.
Pricing Strategies: Harvesting Product Value
by Robert M. SchindlerWritten by a leading pricing researcher, this book provides a simple unified system for the setting and management of prices. The pricing procedures described are grounded in basic research and are generally applicable over products, situations, and times. The result is that students gain a deeper, more generally useful understanding of this essential aspect of business. The author demystifies the math necessary for making pricing decisions. Using clear, direct language, he explains in detail how to apply expected value, multiple regression, price elasticity, and generalized breakeven analysis to essential pricing tasks. He uses a descriptive approach to explaining mathematical techniques so that formulas can be seen as simply more detailed specifications of intuitive ideas. Used in dozens of college and MBA classes all over the world, Pricing Strategies is now available in a second edition. This revised edition includes updated examples and exercises as well as expanded coverage of topics such as freemium and in-app pricing, subscriptions, tipping, pay-what-you-want pricing, pricing algorithms, and dynamic pricing. Robert M. Schindler is a Professor of Marketing at Rutgers University, USA.
Pricing Strategy Implementation: Translating Pricing Strategy into Results
by Stephan M. Liozu Andreas HinterhuberPricing can truly transform organizations. The impact of pricing on organizations is a result of two factors: pricing strategy development and the implementation of these strategies. Implementation is arguably the most difficult part in the pricing strategy process where even seasoned practitioners demand guidance. Pricing strategy development requires creativity, analytical rigor, and an ability to master the internal political competition for scarce resources, but it takes place in a well-defined environment. Fast forward to strategy implementation: competitors that stubbornly fail to behave according to assumptions, new entrants, internal resistance, new opportunities, changing customer preferences, leadership changes, regulatory interventions, or market growth rates that change unexpectedly are some of the intervening variables between the pricing strategy originally developed and the strategy actually implemented. This book provides the theories and best practices that enable the effective implementation of pricing strategies. It offers: a best practice overview on how to convert a pricing strategy into superior results insights from current academic research on driving profits via pricing strategy implementation examples on how to deal with digital transformation in the context of pricing tools and insights into how to overcome internal resistance, align the organization, and forge win-win relationships with customers Taking a new approach, Pricing Strategy Implementation is a critical and practical tool for practicing executives and managers, as well as academics and researchers in pricing, marketing strategy, and strategic management.
Pricing Theory, Financing of International Organisations and Monetary History (Routledge Explorations in Economic History)
by Lawrence H. OfficerThis book presents the lifelong and ongoing research of Lawrence H. Officer in a systematic way. The result is an authoritative treatment of such issues as market structure and economic efficiency where more than one characteristic of a commodity is priced, both in general and in application to shipping conferences; financing of the United Nations and International Monetary Fund; monetary history of the UK and US; and central-bank preferences between gold and dollars, The book first examines multidimensional pricing, defined as pricing when a commodity or service has several characteristics that are priced. The second part is concerned with country-group conflicts in the United Nations and International Monetary Fund. The book then takes a fresh look at historical experiences of monetary-standard upheavals and the final part considers a crucial time (1958-67), during which central-bank gold-dollar decisions were power-politically determined.
Pricing Urban Water
by Laura EchternachtHigh population growth, informal settlements, and organizational and financial mismanagement represent major challenges for the water supply in many cities in developing countries. This book contributes to solving those problems by identifying systematic shortcomings and proposing solutions to improve the financial conditions in two representative cities: Hyderabad and Varanasi. Serious improvements are necessary for the further development of the water supply and sanitation networks in these areas. Pricing Urban Water offers a theoretical introduction to economics of the water sector, including the theory of water pricing and tariff systems, combined with detailed analyses of the water supply and sanitation infrastructure as well as of the municipal suppliers of Hyderabad and Varanasi. Introducing a method for estimating future water production costs in both cities serves as the basis for a tariff revision, which is put forward as one solution to improve the poor financial conditions both suppliers are in. Besides the revision of the tariff systems, some considerations on how to supply and charge urban poor and on the inclusion of private borewells in the tariffs are part of the discussion. Changes in both the organizational structure of the service providers and in the current delivery and use of the services are presented as further solutions to the problems in this sector.
Pricing and Cost Accounting: A Handbook for Government Contractors
by Darrell J. Oyer CPAThe essential reference to help federal contractors negotiate and maintain profitable contracts—Now in its third edition!This is the essential reference to help federal contractors negotiate and maintain profitable contracts—and remain in compliance throughout the life of the contract.Government contracting rules and regulations have changed significantly over the past six years. This new third edition addresses these changes and more:New thresholds for certification of cost and pricing dataRevisions in cost accounting standardsImplementation of commercial time-and-material and labor-hour contractsNew, stringent ethics requirementsImpact of stimulus fundingRevised cost principles, including excessive pass-through costs, post-retirement benefits, and travel costsRedirected audit initiatives based on the GAO review of DCAAPlus…changed requirements for bidding…pricing…cost accounting…subcontracting…contract modification…all the information you need to be in compliance with the new rules. No other single book provides as much up-to-date federal procurement cost and pricing information in such a concise - yet comprehensive - format.
Pricing and Equilibrium (Routledge Library Editions)
by Erich SchneiderThis volume analyses value and equilibrium. Chapters on the decisions of household and on the theory of the firm (including short and long-term planning and investment) include both static and dynamic analysis.* Based on the enlarged sixth German edition this English edition contains many diagrams and an introduction to linear programming, as well as full treatment of the author's well-known theory of production.
Pricing and Hedging Financial Derivatives
by Leonardo Marroni Irene PerdomoThe only guide focusing entirely on practical approaches to pricing and hedging derivatives One valuable lesson of the financial crisis was that derivatives and risk practitioners don't really understand the products they're dealing with. Written by a practitioner for practitioners, this book delivers the kind of knowledge and skills traders and finance professionals need to fully understand derivatives and price and hedge them effectively. Most derivatives books are written by academics and are long on theory and short on the day-to-day realities of derivatives trading. Of the few practical guides available, very few of those cover pricing and hedging-two critical topics for traders. What matters to practitioners is what happens on the trading floor-information only seasoned practitioners such as authors Marroni and Perdomo can impart. Lays out proven derivatives pricing and hedging strategies and techniques for equities, FX, fixed income and commodities, as well as multi-assets and cross-assets Provides expert guidance on the development of structured products, supplemented with a range of practical examples Packed with real-life examples covering everything from option payout with delta hedging, to Monte Carlo procedures to common structured products payoffs The Companion Website features all of the examples from the book in Excel complete with source code
Pricing and Human Capital: A Guide to Developing a Pricing Career, Managing Pricing Teams, and Developing Pricing Skills
by Stephan M LiozuThe pricing profession has come a long way: from having a pure clerical function back in the 1970s to a more strategic one today, pricing professionals are increasingly accepted as fully fledged members of marketing and finance teams. However, in many of these organizations, pricing professionals are often misunderstood and neglected from a career and talent perspective. Furthermore, the literature is still silent on how to manage and develop pricing teams. Pricing and Human Capital explores the specific nature of pricing human resources and focuses on how to manage pricing teams, pricing talent, pricing careers and how to organize the pricing function for success. It is dedicated to the pricing function and is aimed at helping pricing professionals manage their career within marketing, finance, sales or IT departments. By focusing on specific practical tips, tools and recommendations that pricing and HR teams can adopt to improve their relationships, and including extensive interviews with senior pricing executives, it is the perfect toolkit for both HR and pricing professionals. This valuable textbook with its collection of cases in pricing will also be essential for students and tutors of marketing and sales.
Pricing and Liquidity of Complex and Structured Derivatives
by Mathias SchmidtThis book introduces the "strike of default" (SOD) benchmark concept. The author determines the SOD through cross-sectional pricing between the credit market and the option market, considering the same underlying. The idea of the SOD is to combine the implied probability of default from both markets to get a time-depending share price, at which the markets believe the underlying will default. By means of credit default swaps (CDS) and option pricing methods, the SOD is determined for any exchange-listed company, where option and CDS market data are available.
Pricing and Liquidity of Complex and Structured Derivatives: Deviation of a Risk Benchmark Based on Credit and Option Market Data (SpringerBriefs in Finance)
by Mathias SchmidtThis book introduces the “strike of default” (SOD) benchmark concept. The author determines the SOD through cross-sectional pricing between the credit market and the option market, considering the same underlying. The idea of the SOD is to combine the implied probability of default from both markets to get a time-depending share price, at which the markets believe the underlying will default. By means of credit default swaps (CDS) and option pricing methods, the SOD is determined for any exchange-listed company, where option and CDS market data are available.
Pricing and Market Making on the Internet
by Youngme Moon Robert J. DolanConsiders the impact of the Internet on how market exchanges will take place. Discusses the role of shopping agents and alternatives to fixed prices such as negotiations, auctions, and exchanges.
Pricing and Partnership at Zillow, Inc.
by Peter A. Coles Benjamin EdelmanAs Zillow's real estate search service gains user adoption, some real estate professionals question Zillow's policies, fees, and power. Dissatisfied real estate professionals could remove listings from Zillow, reducing the service's value to users. Should Zillow adjust its approach in order to address complaints?
Pricing and Performance of Initial Public Offerings in the United States
by Arvin GhoshIn this timely volume on newly emerging financial mar- kets and investment strategies, Arvin Ghosh explores the intriguing topic of initial public offerings (IPOs) of securities, among the most significant phenomena in the United States stock markets in recent years. Before the 2000-2001 market turndown, hardly a week went by when more than a few companies did not become public, either in the organized stock exchange or in the Over the Counter (OTC) market. In the often over-burdened, technology-heavy Nasdaq market, the role of IPOs was crucial for the market's new vigor and growth. Internet stocks were able to find a mode to supply key momentum to the market. In the so-called "New Economy" of the 1990s, it was the seductively accessible IPO that ushered in the world's information technology revolution.Ghosh sets out to examine the pricing and financial performance of IPOs in the United States during the period 1990-2001. In the opening chapter he discusses the rise and fall of IPOs in the preceding decade. Chapter 2 further delineates the IPO process from the start of the prospectus to the end of the "quiet period" and aftermarket stabilization. In chapter 3 Ghosh analyzes the mispricing and deliberately deceptive underpricing, or "flipping," of Internet IPOs. Chapter 4 delves deeper into the pricing and operating efficiency of Nasdaq IPOs. Chapter 5 analyzes the pricing and long-run performance of IPOs both in the New York Stock Exchange and in the Nasdaq markets. In chapters 6 and 7 the author deals with the pricing and performance of the venture-blocked and nonventure-backed IPOs in general and Internet IPOs in particular. In chapter 8 he analyzes the role of underwriters as market makers. In chapter 9 Ghosh discusses the accuracy of analysts' earnings forecasts. In the concluding chapter, he summarizes the principal findings of the study and the recent revival of the IPO market and its place in capital formation as well as the latest developments in t
Pricing and Profitability Management
by Julie M. Meehan Michael G. Simonetto Christopher A. Goodin Larry Montan Jr.The practical guide to using pricing and profitability management to build a better business A comprehensive reference for any business professional looking to understand the capabilities and competencies required for effectively managing pricing and profitability, Pricing and Profitability Management explains how to determine the right approach, tools, and techniques for each of six key categories (pricing strategy, price execution, advanced analytics and optimization, organizational alignment and governance, pricing technology and data management, and tax and regulatory effectiveness). Exploring each category in detail, the book addresses how an integrated approach to pricing improvement can give a sustainable, competitive advantage to any organization. The ultimate "how to" manual for any executive or manager interested in price management, the book presents a holistic, comprehensive framework that shows how integrating these pricing categories into a cohesive program leads to impressive gains that cannot be achieved through a single-pronged approach. Presents a comprehensive framework for more effectively managing pricing and profitability Identities the six key categories of pricing and profitability management Shows you how to gain a competitive edge by managing pricing and profitability Taking a comprehensive view of pricing, companies can position themselves to tap a vast source of shareholder value--the ability to set and enforce profitable prices, not just once, but again and again in response to marketplace changes and evolving business needs--and this book will show you how.
Pricing and Revenue Optimization
by Robert L. PhillipsThis is the first comprehensive introduction to the concepts, theories, and applications of pricing and revenue optimization. From the initial success of “yield management” in the commercial airline industry down to more recent successes of markdown management and dynamic pricing, the application of mathematical analysis to optimize pricing has become increasingly important across many different industries. But, since pricing and revenue optimization has involved the use of sophisticated mathematical techniques, the topic has remained largely inaccessible to students and the typical manager. With methods proven in the MBA courses taught by the author at Columbia and Stanford Business Schools, this book presents the basic concepts of pricing and revenue optimization in a form accessible to MBA students, MS students, and advanced undergraduates. In addition, managers will find the practical approach to the issue of pricing and revene optimization invaluable.
Pricing and Revenue Optimization: Second Edition
by Robert L. PhillipsThis book offers the first introduction to the concepts, theories, and applications of pricing and revenue optimization. From the initial success of "yield management" in the commercial airline industry down to more recent successes of markdown management and dynamic pricing, the application of mathematical analysis to optimize pricing has become increasingly important across many different industries. But, since pricing and revenue optimization has involved the use of sophisticated mathematical techniques, the topic has remained largely inaccessible to students and the typical manager. With methods proven in the MBA courses taught by the author at Columbia and Stanford Business Schools, this book presents the basic concepts of pricing and revenue optimization in a form accessible to MBA students, MS students, and advanced undergraduates. In addition, managers will find the practical approach to the issue of pricing and revenue optimization invaluable. With updates to every chapter, this second edition covers topics such as estimation of price-response functions and machine-learning-based price optimization. New discussions of applications of dynamic pricing and revenue management by companies such as Amazon, Uber, and Disney, and in industries such as sports, theater, and electric power, are also included. In addition, the book provides current coverage of important applications such as revenue management, markdown management, customized pricing, and the behavioral economics of pricing.
Pricing and Risk Management of Synthetic CDOs
by Anna SchlösserThis book considers the one-factor copula model for credit portfolios that are used for pricing synthetic CDO structures as well as for risk management and measurement applications involving the generation of scenarios for the complete universe of risk factors and the inclusion of CDO structures in a portfolio context. For this objective, it is especially important to have a computationally fast model that can also be used in a scenario simulation framework. The well known Gaussian copula model is extended in various ways in order to improve its drawbacks of correlation smile and time inconsistency. Also the application of the large homogeneous cell assumption, that allows to differentiate between rating classes, makes the model convenient and powerful for practical applications. The Crash-NIG extension introduces an important regime-switching feature allowing the possibility of a market crash that is characterized by a high-correlation regime.
Pricing and the Sales Force
by Andreas Hinterhuber Stephan M LiozuPricing and the Sales Force is the first book to link pricing strategy and the sales force together. Pricing strategy is now well established as an important means of driving profits for many organizations. Countless companies are now mastering price-setting. But what about "price-getting" – converting those list prices into the realized sales, and as a result, greater profitability? This is the domain of the sales force. A selection of the world’s leading specialists explore different aspects of sales force and pricing strategy integration: introduction: overview on the state of the art; building key capabilities: best practices for building sales force capabilities in pricing and value quantification; engaging the sales force: driving organizational change processes with the sales force; designing effective selling processes: designing and implementing processes that enable superior performance, and; aligning sales force incentives and building the infrastructure: insights into how to align sales force incentive schemes; tools and instruments to enable the sales force to perform. The third in Hinterhuber and Liozu’s successful pricing series, this book is essential reading for pricing strategy and sales scholars and practitioners.
Pricing at Netflix
by Elie Ofek Marco Bertini Amy Klopfenstein Oded KoenigsbergSince its launch in 1998 as "the Amazon.com of DVDs," Netflix had evolved from a DVD rental company to a video streaming platform and producer of original films and television shows. As the company matured, it regularly increased prices and adjusted its product offerings while continuing to add new subscribers. However, between late 2019 and mid-2020, competition within the streaming industry intensified with the launch of new entrants such as Disney+, Apple TV+, and HBO Max, jeopardizing Netflix's position as the industry leader. In spite of the heightened competition in the streaming industry, some analysts and customer willingness-to-pay surveys suggested that Netflix had the opportunity to implement another rate hike in the near future. By May 2020, Netflix must decide whether to increase prices again, or whether it should consider a different pricing model altogether.
Pricing for Profit
by Peter HillPrice is the most significant factor affecting the profitability of every business, profit centre or department. When the pressure is on to perform or grow, your instinct may be to discount, undercut your competitors, cut costs and promote through price. Yet these are often the last things you should do. Pricing for Profit is the most practical guide on pricing available. Using a firm, profit-focused framework developed running real projects for real businesses, this book shows you how by getting your pricing structures right you can make a huge difference to your bottom line. It gives business owners, managers and leaders simple, achievable pricing strategies that will deliver sustainable business growth. Can you afford to leave money on the table? If not, Pricing for Profit is the guide for you.
Pricing for Profit: Multi-Part Pricing in the U.K. Credit Card Industry
by Peter J. CoughlanExamines the optimal pricing mechanism for credit cards.
Pricing for Profit: The UK Credit Card Industry in the Late 1980s (A)
by Harborne W. Stuart Jr.Describes the United Kingdom credit card industry in the late 1980s, which was really three businesses: a cashless transaction business for merchants, a cashless transaction business for card holders, and a credit business for card holders. At the time of the case, overall profitability has dropped significantly. Added value analysis is used to identify that one of the three businesses is unlikely to remain profitable (cashless transactions for merchants). With this loss of profitability, the case then considers how to limit the losses in the one business that had already been unprofitable (cashless transactions for card holders). This latter step is a problem in interactive decision theory in which players have different perceptions about the game, and these perceptions, in turn, may be influenced by each other.