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Obtaining Life-Cycle Cost-Effective Facilities in the Department of Defense
by Constantine Samaras Abigail Haddad Clifford A. Grammich Katharine Watkins WebbThe Department of Defense (DoD) constructs, operates, and maintains a large number of facilities. DoD incorporates life-cycle cost-effective practices into many aspects of the military planning and construction processes. This report provides RAND’s description and assessment of the process used to obtain life-cycle cost-effective facilities and how that affects DoD construction options and choices.
Obtenga el sí consigo mismo: Superar los obstáculos interiores para negociar con éxito
by William UryEl primer paso para afrontar cualquier negociación o conflicto. William Ury, coautor del clásico best seller Obtenga el sí, ha enseñado a decenas de miles de personas de todos los ámbitos profesionales cómo mejorar su capacidad de negociación. A lo largo de estos años, Ury ha descubierto que el mayor obstáculo para alcanzar unos acuerdos provechosos y unas relaciones satisfactorias no está en nuestra contraparte, por difícil que esta resulte. El mayor obstáculo reside en nosotros mismos, en nuestra tendencia natural a reaccionar de una forma contraria a nuestros intereses. Sin embargo, este obstáculo se puede convertir en nuestro mejor aliado. Si aprendemos primero a comprendernos y a controlarnos, estamos poniendo la base para comprender e influenciar a los demás. En esta precuela indispensable de Obtenga el sí, Ury parte de su experiencia personal y profesional como negociador en conflictos bélicos paradesarrollar un método práctico que permite conquistar primero el sí con uno mismo, e incrementar de esta forma la capacidad para conseguir el sí de los demás. Útil y sencillo, Obtenga el sí consigo mismo es una guía esencial para alcanzar la satisfacción interior, a partir de la cual podrá mantener unas relaciones más sanas, una familia más feliz, un trabajo más productivo y un entorno más pacífico. Reseñas:«Inteligente y realista, noble y práctico, brillante y cercano. Ury ha desarrollado un planteamiento global para alcanzar el sí en un mundo tan conflictivo como el nuestro. Este libro se centra en la negociación más dura de todas: la que hacemos con nosotros mismos. Una vez más, Ury ha realizado una gran contribución con su trabajo.»Jim Collins, autor de Empresas que sobresalen «He aquí nuestro peor enemigo en cualquier mesa de negociación: nosotros mismos. Ury ha escrito una imprescindible precuela de Consiga el sí. Si usted adopta las estrategias de este libro conseguirá avanzar en su vida y en su carrera.»Daniel H. Pink, autor de La sorprendente verdad sobre qué nos motiva «Ury nos ofrece un planteamiento que refuerza nuestra confianza y que nos aporta una sensación de energía y realización personal. Todos seremos más eficaces si empezamos las negociaciones por nosotros mismos antes que con los demás.»Joanna Barsh, directora emérita de McKinsey & Company
The Obvious Choice: Timeless Lessons on Success, Profit, and Finding Your Way
by Jonathan GoodmanTrying to win the internet is a gloriously inefficient way to build a business. No matter your goals, The Obvious Choice offers 15 essential lessons on profit and success that are timeless because they prioritize the humans who buy from you and not erratic and temperamental algorithms.Jonathan Goodman—one of the world's leading experts on helping people simplify their business—reveals proven frameworks for increasing efficiency, praying to the social media gods less, and mastering the art of finding your customers.Backed by a wide range of case studies, Goodman shows how modern marketing technology has led us astray. That start-ups and established organizations alike have bought into the misguided idea that they need to become "famous on the internet" just to make a few sales.If you're having trouble finding your way, the problem isn't you. The problem is what you've been made to believe it takes to succeed.This book is for any marketer, business owner, coach, or entrepreneur who wants an easier way to make more money, help more people, and have more freedom by avoiding wasted time and resources on dead-ends and ineffective methods.Specifically, you'll learn how to:Build trust in business relationships through community, specificity, and familiarity.Apply the four-step content creation framework designed for business owners, not influencers, to get more customers (because likes don't pay the bills).Improve profitability by cutting out the work not worth doing. Algorithms change, humans don't.No matter who you are and no matter what you sell, your customer is a human. And yet, marketing these days feels so (in)human.Filled with frameworks, entertaining stories, and admittedly bad-Dad jokes, The Obvious Choice is a much-needed recalibration and, at times, a refreshing slap for a business generation that's lost its way. Buy this book to learn how to earn more and compete less in this much-needed approach to success in a crowded marketplace.
Ocado
by Damien P. Mcloughlin David E. Bell Jose B. AlvarezIn 2015, U.K.-based Ocado was the world's largest pure player in the online home-delivery grocery business and was gaining a growing share of the highly competitive U.K. grocery market. Ocado had made heavy investments in technology, including a highly automated warehouse operation, intelligent software for efficient order delivery, and a customer-friendly online interface. Ocado's customer base had expanded beyond the wealthy to include middle-income consumers; even with a delivery charge, grocery shopping through Ocado was, in many cases, as affordable as shopping in a retail stores. In 2015 the company was developing a strategy for its Smart Platform, a model in which Ocado would lease its software, hardware, and integration services to brick-and-mortar grocery retailers seeking to build online businesses. Ocado's management believed the Smart Platform, which they planned to market internationally, had the potential to disrupt the global grocery retail market.
Occidental (Images of America)
by Bob Dougherty Mary Pozzi Barbara GonnellaOccidental is a picturesque village in West Sonoma County nestled between the Salmon Creek and Dutch Bill Creek watersheds. William "Dutch Bill" Howard is considered the first permanent European settler in 1849, but he was not Dutch, and his name was not Bill--he was actually Danish and had assumed a new identity after deserting a ship to look for gold. Howard and another early settler, logging baron "Boss" Meeker, were instrumental in shaping early Occidental. The North Pacific Coast Railroad arrived in 1876, requiring construction of the country's tallest timber bridge. The railroad allowed much faster communication and transportation of people and goods, including redwood, charcoal, tanbark, and produce. Italians also started arriving in the 1870s, opening authentic Italian restaurants that have now served generations of families. In the 1970s, a culture clash occurred between ranchers and farmers with hippies and artists, but together they fought to maintain the beauty and character of Occidental.
Occupant-Centric Simulation-Aided Building Design: Theory, Application, and Case Studies
by William O’Brien Farhang TahmasebiOccupant-Centric Simulation-Aided Building Design promotes occupants as a focal point for the design process. This resource for established and emerging building designers and researchers provides theoretical and practical means to restore occupants and their needs to the heart of the design process. Helmed by leaders of the International Energy Agency Annex 79, this edited volume features contributions from a multi-disciplinary, globally recognized team of scholars and practitioners. Chapters on the indoor environment and human factors introduce the principles of occupant-centric design while chapters on selecting and applying models provide a thorough grounding in simulation-aided building design practice. A final chapter assembling detailed case studies puts the lessons of the preceding chapters into real-world context. In fulfillment of the International Energy Agency’s mission of disseminating research on secure and sustainable energy to all, Occupant-Centric Simulation-Aided Building Design is available as an Open Access Gold title. With a balance of fundamentals and design process guidelines, Occupant-Centric Simulation-Aided Building Design reorients the building design community toward buildings that recognize and serve diverse occupant needs, while aiming for superior environmental performance, based on the latest science and methods.
An Occupation without Troops: Wall Street's Half-Century Domination of Japanese Politics
by John G. Roberts Glenn DavisWhen American Occupation troops withdrew from Japan did they leave behind a truly independent country? Or did they leave in place a behind-the-scenes network that determined much of the course of Japanese politics for decades to come?<P><P>Painstakingly researched, by authors who have between them over fifty years of experience in Japan, this book looks at aspects of the Japan-U.S. relationship that others have missed or avoided. At the heart of the book is the story of how a few men reversed the original policies of the Occupation, and went on to create a web of money and influence connecting Washington, New York, Tokyo, and Riyadh. These men set the stage for postwar bilateral relations, intrigues, and manipulations. Making their appearance on this carefully-set stage are the well-connected arms dealer, Adnan Khasshoggi, several Japanese prime ministers, Emperor Hirohito, by way of a personal "message," the Reverend Sung Myung Moon, and the self-described "world's richest fascist."A combination of investigative journalism and scholarly research, An Occupation Without Troops provides a startling new understanding of the Japanese-U.S. relationship. This pioneering book is essential reading for anyone who hopes to gain a true grasp of relations between these two countries since World War II.
Occupational and Environmental Safety and Health (Studies in Systems, Decision and Control #202)
by Pedro M. Arezes João S. Baptista Mónica P. Barroso Paula Carneiro Patrício Cordeiro Nélson Costa Rui B. Melo A. Sérgio Miguel Gonçalo PerestreloThis book explores a number of important issues in the area of occupational safety and hygiene. Presenting both research and best practices for the evaluation of occupational risk, safety and health in various types of industry, it particularly focuses on occupational safety in automated environments, innovative management systems and occupational safety in a global context. The different chapters examine the perspectives of all those involved, such as managers, workers and OSH professionals. Based on selected contributions presented at the 15th International Symposium on Occupational Safety and Hygiene (SHO 2019), held on 15–16 April, 2019, in Guimarães, Portugal, the book serves as a timely reference guide and source of inspiration to OSH researchers, practitioners and organizations operating in a global context.
Occupational and Environmental Safety and Health II (Studies in Systems, Decision and Control #277)
by Pedro M. Arezes Paula Carneiro Patrício Cordeiro Rui B. Melo Gonçalo Perestrelo Mónica P. Barroso Nélson Costa A. Sérgio Miguel J. Santos BaptistaThis book explores a number of important issues in the area of occupational safety and hygiene. Presenting both research and best practices for the evaluation of occupational risk, safety and health in various types of industry, it particularly focuses on occupational safety in automated environments, innovative management systems and occupational safety in a global context. The different chapters examine the perspectives of all those involved, such as managers, workers and OSH professionals. Based on selected contributions presented at the 16th International Symposium on Occupational Safety and Hygiene (SHO 2020), held on 6–7 April, 2020, in Porto, Portugal, the book serves as a timely reference guide and source of inspiration to OSH researchers, practitioners and organizations operating in a global context.
Occupational and Environmental Safety and Health VI: Volume 1: Occupational Risk Assessment, Management and Case Studies (Studies in Systems, Decision and Control #230)
by J. Santos Baptista Rui B. Melo Paula Carneiro Jacqueline Castelo Branco Nelson Costa Joana Duarte Joana C. Guedes Gonçalo PerestreloThis book gathers cutting-edge research and best practices relating to occupational risk and safety management, healthcare, and ergonomics. It covers strategies for different industries, such as construction, chemical, and healthcare. It emphasizes challenges posed by automation, discusses solutions offered by technologies, and reports on case studies carried out in different countries. Chapters are based on selected contributions to the 21st International Symposium on Occupational Safety and Hygiene (SHO 2024), held on July 4-5, 2024, in Porto, Portugal. By reporting on different perspectives, such as the ones from managers, employees, and OSH professionals, and covering timely issues, such as implications of telework, issues related to gender inequality and applications of machine learning techniques in occupational health, this book offers extensive information and a source of inspiration to OSH researchers, practitioners, and organizations operating in both local and global contexts. This is the first volume of a 2-volume set.
Occupational Careers
by Walter SlocumProfessor Slocum uses the concept of career as the central integrating idea for a wide range of information about contemporary work and occupations from current social science research, from historical sources, and from his own considerable personal experience and that of his students.This second edition incorporates much new data and many new approaches that provide insight or raise significant questions about the validity of conventional attitudes toward occupational careers. Greater emphasis is placed on the rapid changes that have taken place in recent years in attitudes toward work, on the continuing impact of scientific and technological developments on occupations and work organizations, on new trends in the demand for academic and professional personnel, and on the career-related problems of women and minority groups. In addition, Professor Slocum now presents a more fully developed overview of the major social and cultural factors and processes involved in occupational choice, preparation, and achievement. After introducing the notion of an occupational career as a sequence of increasingly responsible roles and discussing the changing contemporary meanings of work, the author proceeds to analyses of the impact of scientific and technological change on career planning, the occupational requirements of work organizations, occupational status levels, the labor force and employment trends, and recent trends and future prospects in major occupational categories. Chapters are devoted to detailed discussions of the characteristics of professional and scientific occupations, the relationship between education and occupation, special problems of intergenerational and individual occupational mobility, and the dynamics of educational and occupational aspirations and decisions. The final chapter is directed toward the problems of career choice and planning that are likely to confront the young adults for whom the book will be especially useful.The book is brief but com
Occupational Crime: Deterrence, Investigation, and Reporting in Compliance with Federal Guidelines
by Ernest C. BlountDID YOU KNOW? While organizational entities cannot be sent to prison, they can be heavily fined, ordered to make restitution, placed on probation, forced to forfeit property, suffer public and stakeholder recriminations, and can be forced out of business. Avoid these unnecessary repercussions with Occupational Crime: Deterrence, Investigatio
Occupational Health and Rehabilitation: New Approaches for Maintaining Work Ability in the Workplace (FOM-Edition)
by Thomas Johansen Winand H. DittrichSustaining a healthy and productive work environment for employees with health issues and work disabilities or those returning to work after sick leave may present a challenge to employers. This publication offers unique insights into occupational health and rehabilitation, covering international perspectives as well as a variety of health-related disciplines. Policymakers, employers, employees, researchers and students will find new approaches to questions of how to maintain work ability and health in the workplace: Which motives influence strategic planning in the healthcare and employment sector? How can the return of employees after sick leave be facilitated? How best to implement innovations while keeping the workplace safe and healthy? And how does occupational rehabilitation benefit from evidence-based knowledge transfer?Contents• Work Ability and Work Disability• Return to Work• Work and Health• Work and Innovation
Occupational Health and Safety: Individual, Work And Organizational Factors (Psychological and Behavioural Aspects of Risk)
by Sharon ClarkeWorkplace accidents and errors cost organizations hundreds of billions of dollars each year, and the injured workers and their families endure considerable financial and emotional suffering. It's obvious that increasing employee health and safety pays. The accumulating evidence shows that investing in occupational health and safety results in improved financial and social responsibility performance. There are extensive country differences and wide occupational differences in the incidence of accidents and errors. The International Labour Organization (ILO) estimates that every year there are 2.2 million fatal and 270 million non-fatal accidents or occupational diseases worldwide. Occupational Health and Safety looks at the research into what causes accidents and errors in the workplace. In line with other titles in the series, Occupational Health and Safety emphasizes the psychological and behavioral aspects of risk in organizations. It highlights how organizations differ in their health and safety performance, with case studies throughout and best practices. Key elements focus on: employee selection and training, fostering employee understanding, participation and engagement in health and safety matters, developing a health and safety culture at organizational and group/work unit levels, communicating and reinforcing safe workplace practices and bench-marking one's organization against the industry leaders. The contributors to this volume come from various countries, reflecting unique interest and knowledge in particular areas.
Occupational Health and Wellbeing: Challenges and Opportunities in Theory and Practice (Current Issues In Work And Organizational Psychology Ser.)
by Andrew Kinder Rick Hughes Cary CooperThis book bridges the gap between theory and practice, incorporating real-world case studies to show how organisations and leaders can adapt after the global unrest and uncertainty caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and more recent challenges. Drawing from expert opinions across the world to highlight the current challenges and opportunities within this sector, it explores how these ideas can be effectively applied within the workplace. The book covers a wealth of topical and relevant themes that include defining wellbeing in a modern world, toxic leadership, mental health first aid, the application of positive psychology, and what the ‘new normal’ might look like. Together, these contributions offer a rich look into how Occupational Health and Wellbeing practices have developed, struggled and thrived. The COVID-19 pandemic forced many organisations to adapt fast and became the most significant accelerator in recent times for embracing, enhancing and improving employee health and wellbeing. Understanding this, the book demonstrates how Occupational Health and Wellbeing continues to rise on the corporate agenda as a key contributor to employee satisfaction, engagement and retention, increased financial stability and overall organisational success. The book is essential reading for senior executives, leaders and professionals involved in occupational health, human resources, health, safety and wellbeing, people support, people development, employee assistance, counselling as well as students within organisational and occupational psychology.
Occupational Health Guide to Violence in the Workplace (Occupational Safety And Health Guide Ser. #2)
by Thomas D. Schneid20 murders every week. 18,000 assaults in the same time. All on the job.Sharp increases in workplace violence continue to take an unfortunate toll on American business-and its employees, families and communities. Preventative measures may be well-intentioned, but pose troubling conflicts in themselves, pitting each employee's privacy vs. overall worker protection.A full-self evaluation of your business and its personnel may be the key to safeguard against workplace violence. Thomas D. Schneid's Occupational Health Guide to Violence in the Workplace provides the important guidelines for that careful, all-encompassing examination.Most books on workplace violence focus on psychological profiles. In a change of pace, Schneid examines the issue from a safety/health professional's viewpoint, taking all angles, legal issues, and potential ramifications into account. Chapters focus on not only in-house efforts to prevent violent incidents, but also government and legal standards directly or indirectly related to worker's rights and corporate liability.Make every effort to prevent workplace violence from hitting home: start with advice from the Occupational Health Guide to Violence in the Workplace
Occupational Health & Safety Solutions: Practical Compliance
by Ian Bollans David PreeceHealth and safety legislation places significant responsibilities on employers and managers to protect the health and safety of their workers, but the subject area is seen as both complex and technical in nature, often requiring the input of professionals. This book dispels these myths by taking a unique approach, allowing somebody with little or no knowledge of the subject to understand their legal duties and then take a practical step-by-step approach to control workplace risks and prevent accidents.Occupational Health & Safety Solutions: Practical Compliance is a reworking and updating of Jordan Publishing’s Health and Safety Management, published by LexisNexis from 1997 to 2023. The book takes a comprehensive approach by covering the main subject areas of occupational health and safety and is relevant to all types of workplaces. It provides enough background knowledge for the reader to understand what the law requires, and what needs to be done to achieve compliance, with the main emphasis being on practical application. Providing the reader with the ability to manage health and safety through a process of flowcharts, diagrams, and extensive checklists, the book draws on the expertise of the authors and current best practice within industry. Each chapter sets out a clear, practical approach to identifying and managing risks, thereby enabling a robust and successful health and safety management system to be established in any workplace.The book is written for non-safety professionals such as managers and directors who want to discharge and manage their health and safety responsibilities in their workplace without the need to engage a consultant. It will also appeal to the safety professional by providing an authoritative guide to current best practice together with the practicalities of managing health and safety risks.
Occupational Hygiene and Risk Management: A Multimedia Package
by Megan TranterThe science of occupational hygiene is growing, as is awareness amongst Australian employers of the importance of minimising occupational health and safety risk.Occupational Hygiene and Risk Management offers an innovative approach to learning about the practice and principles of occupational hygiene and managing risk in the workplace. This new edition of this widely used textbook has been extensively updated with new material on legislation and Australian and New Zealand standards. It also includes expanded sections on risk analysis and management. The theory of occupational hygiene is brought to life through case studies, illustrations and practical examples.Occupational hygiene aims to minimise ill-health from exposure to hazardous events by a process of identification, evaluation and control. These three stages form the foundation of this textbook as physical, psychological and emotional health risks are examined across the following topics:* Hazard identification* Dusts and particulate* Metals* Chemical contaminants* Noise and vibration* Heat and cold* Radiation and pressure* Biological hazards* Ergonomics* Risk analysis* Control* Risk managementOccupational Hygiene and Risk Management is accompanied by a website with discussion questions, case studies, further readings and teacher resources, creating an invaluable resource for students and professionals.Visit www.allenandunwin.com/OHRM
Occupational Outlook Handbook 2010-2011
by US Department of Labor Editors at JISTA career classic with 300 job descriptions and exclusive green jobs info helpful to job seekers, new graduates, students, career changers, teachers, career counselors, librarians.
Occupational Risk Control: Predicting and Preventing the Unwanted
by Derek VinerOccupational Risk Control contains a practical theory of risk based on the principles of the physical sciences. The book provides details of the implications of such theory for real-world practice that will be of value to the legislator, general or specialist risk engineer, scientist, academic, student, risk/safety practitioners as well as managers of industrial or commercial undertakings. The contents are a result of over 40 years of experience in researching, teaching and consulting. The theoretical base is relevant peer-reviewed physical sciences literature. Such literature points out the necessity of understanding the principles that enable processes resulting in damage and loss to be explained and it enables the risk arising from the uncertainty of these processes to be objectively defined, described as well as estimated using real number values. Of these principles and their applications a student once remarked “this should be compulsory study for all engineering students”. A critical assessment of the pervasive but unscientific accident terminology is included to assist the reader to reflect on the value of this. In a field in which there is a plethora of commercial and pseudo-academic practical tools based on accident theory, this text provides a foundation for the thinking academic and practitioner to critically evaluate the meaning, scope and value of such tools. The text has chapters on accident theory, damage process models, risk, risk estimation, risk control, risk evaluation, the classification and analysis of risks, risk numeracy, the management of risks in general and the management of technical risks in particular. There are notes on accident investigation and the role of the risk adviser. A substantial glossary of terms is included. The text is supported by a dedicated web site (www.derekviner.com) which contains discussion and examples of topics as well as a blog.
Occupational Safety and Health for Technologists, Engineers, and Managers Eighth Edition
by David L. GoetschThis comprehensive, extensively updated text covers all aspects of occupational safety and health in today's global workplace. A major revision, Occupational Safety and Health for Technologists, Engineers, and Managers, 8e, presents new and revised regulations, emerging approaches and trends, updated statistics, and other new material of significant importance to students and practitioners in the field. Among the dozens of new topics covered: ROI for safety/health investments; Heinrich's theory; Worker's Compensation lawsuits; fall protection; hard hat ratings; PPE for cold work environments; indoor air quality investigations; fungal growth assessment; nanoscale materials; and noise reduction ratings. Clear, up-to-date, and logically sequenced, this text begins with historical perspective and overview, then covers laws and regulations; human elements; hazard assessment, prevention, and control; and key management issues. Each chapter contains case studies to promote classroom discussion; at least one safety fact or myth designed to engage students; and review questions to test mastery and promote critical thinking.
Occupational Safety and Health For Technologists, Engineers, and Managers (Sixth Edition)
by David L. GoetschKnown for its comprehensive coverage, this book covers all aspects of occupational safety and health in today's global workplace. The book follows a logical sequence that provides a historical perspective and overview, covers the laws and regulations, discusses the human element, examines hazard assessment, prevention, and control, and covers management of safety and health. This edition features updated OSHA standards and contemporary topics such as safety culture, safety's role in global competitiveness, workplace violence, natural disasters and terrorism. Includes the most up-to-date coverage of occupational safety and health, including: The global impact of accidents and injuries; Obesity and accident causation; Common accident investigation mistakes to avoid; Participatory ergonomics; Preventing arc flash injuries; Emergency planning for workers with disabilities; Safely resuming business after a disaster; Occupational safety and health management systems (OSHMS); Safety as a promotion tool. An excellent reference for all industries.
Occupational Safety and Hygiene V: Selected papers from the International Symposium on Occupational Safety and Hygiene (SHO 2017), April 10-11, 2017, Guimarães, Portugal
by Pedro M. Arezes João Santos Baptista Mónica P. Barroso, Paula Carneiro, Patrício Cordeiro & Nélson Costa Rui B. Melo A. Sérgio Miguel & Gonçalo PerestreloOccupational Safety and Hygiene V contains selected contributions from the International Symposium on Occupational Safety and Hygiene (SHO 2017, 10-11 April 2017, Guimarães, Portugal). The contributions focus on a wide range of topics, including: - occupational safety- risk assessment- safety management- ergonomics- management systems- environmental ergonomics- physical environments- construction safety, and- human factors Occupational Safety and Hygiene V is mainly based on research carried out at universities and other research institutions, but also includes practical studies developed by OHS Practitioners within companies. Accordingly, this book will be a helpful text to get acquainted with the state-of-the-art in research in these domains, as well as with some practical tools and approaches that are currently used by OHS professionals worldwide.
Occupational Safety and Hygiene VI: Book chapters from the 6th International Symposium on Occupation Safety and Hygiene (SHO 2018), March 26-27, 2018, Guimarães, Portugal
by Pedro M. Arezes João Santos Baptista Monica P. Barroso Paula Carneiro Patrício Cordeiro Nelson Costa Rui B. Melo A. Sergio Miguel Gonçalo PerestreloOccupational Safety and Hygiene VI collects recent papers of selected authors from 21 countries in the domain of occupational safety and hygiene (OSH). The contributions cover a wide range of topics, including:- Occupational safety- Risk assessment- Safety management- Ergonomics- Management systems- Environmental ergonomics- Physical environment- Construction safety, and- Human factors Occupational Safety and Hygiene VI represents the state-of-the-art on the above mentioned domains, and is based on research carried out at universities and other research institutions. Some contributions focus more on practical case studies developed by OSH practitioners within their own companies. Hence, the book provides practical tools and approaches currently used by OHS practitioners in a global context.