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Origins of Terrorism: The Rise of the World’s Most Formidable Terrorist Groups
by Godfrey Garner Maeghin Alarid-HughesOrigins of Terrorism: The Rise of the World’s Most Formidable Terrorist Groups examines the roots of Islamic terrorism, it’s history, and some of the foundational figures in prominent terrorist organizations. Throughout, the book also addresses the use of terrorism, the "hows" and "whys" of terrorists’ goals, and their modus operandi. Historically, insurgency operations have formed the basis of a number of terrorist groups—resistance to western powers, particularly the United States, and what is viewed as their unwanted interference in regional affairs. Sections are devoted to individual terror organizations, including some of the most well-known and resilient global movements—Al Qaeda, ISIS, the Taliban, and Boko Haram, among others. Coverage details where and how they originated, who the principal organizers were, how these individuals worked—or didn’t work—together. In this, the authors look at the circumstances that allowed for these leaders, and their groups’, development and success. In this, the authors expose interesting, little-known stories and facts about the specific upbringing, family life, and personal narrative around these organizations’ founders, as well as ties to other terrorist founders and organizations. For example, the relationship between individuals such as Osama bin Laden and Musab al Zarkawi (aka Ahmad al-Khalayleh)—the founder of ‘Al Qaeda in Iraq’ (AQI), which became ISIS—is examined in detail, providing readers with some of the "stories behind the stories" to understand the prominent figures and underpinnings of major terrorist organizations’ philosophies, formation, and elements that have led to their staying power. Origins of Terrorism will be a valuable resource for security and intelligence professionals, terrorism researchers, and students, providing a unique perspective to understand terrorism and terror movements in considering counterterror efforts.
Origins of Terrorism: The Rise of the World’s Most Formidable Terrorist Groups
by Godfrey Garner Maeghin Alarid-HughesOrigins of Terrorism: The Rise of the World’s Most Formidable Terrorist Groups examines the roots of Islamic terrorism, it’s history, and some of the foundational figures in prominent terrorist organizations. Throughout, the book also addresses the use of terrorism, the "hows" and "whys" of terrorists’ goals, and their modus operandi.Historically, insurgency operations have formed the basis of a number of terrorist groups—resistance to western powers, particularly the United States, and what is viewed as their unwanted interference in regional affairs. Sections are devoted to individual terror organizations, including some of the most well-known and resilient global movements—Al Qaeda, ISIS, the Taliban, and Boko Haram, among others. Coverage details where and how they originated, who the principal organizers were, how these individuals worked—or didn’t work—together. In this, the authors look at the circumstances that allowed for these leaders, and their groups’, development and success. In this, the authors expose interesting, little-known stories and facts about the specific upbringing, family life, and personal narrative around these organizations’ founders, as well as ties to other terrorist founders and organizations. For example, the relationship between individuals such as Osama bin Laden and Musab al Zarkawi (aka Ahmad al-Khalayleh)—the founder of ‘Al Qaeda in Iraq’ (AQI), which became ISIS—is examined in detail, providing readers with some of the "stories behind the stories" to understand the prominent figures and underpinnings of major terrorist organizations’ philosophies, formation, and elements that have led to their staying power.Origins of Terrorism will be a valuable resource for security and intelligence professionals, terrorism researchers, and students, providing a unique perspective to understand terrorism and terror movements in considering counterterror efforts.
The Origins of the American-Israeli Alliance: The Jordanian Factor (Israeli History, Politics and Society #2)
by Abraham Ben-ZviThis book demonstrates that the origins of the US-Israeli alliance lay in the former's concern over Egyptian influence in Jordan, contrasting with the widely-held view of the significance of the Six Day War. The American-Israeli Alliance will be of great interest to students of Middle East studies, history, and politics.
The Origins of the Arts Council Movement
by Anna Rosser UpchurchThis important new book offers an intellectual history of the 'arts council' policy model, identifying and exploring the ideas embedded in the model and actions of intellectuals, philanthropists and wealthy aesthetes in its establishment in the mid-twentieth century. The book examines the history of arts advocacy for national arts policies in the UK, Canada and the USA, offering an interdisciplinary approach that combines social and intellectual history, political philosophy and literary analysis. The book has much to offer academics, cultural policy and management students, artists, arts managers, arts advocates, cultural policymakers and anyone interested in the history and current moment of public arts funding in the West.
The Origins of the Contemporary Global Order: From the Nineteenth Century to the Cold War
by Carl J. StrikwerdaThis book offers a new interpretation of the origins of the contemporary global order - the set of institutions and international practices created by the USA and its allies after the Second World War. Previous interpretations have argued that the USA played the predominant role in creating the global order to fight the Cold War against the Soviet Union. The author argues that a broader perspective is necessary to understand both the origins of the global order, and its ongoing tensions up until today, a perspective that includes the legacy of both world wars, the role of imperialism, and the alternative strategy of globally oriented economic blocs. The cooperative tradition in the founding of the global order and the contributions of nations besides the USA provides useful insights for those interested in the current global order and the challenges it faces from Russia and China.
Origins of the German Welfare State
by Michael StolleisThis book traces the origins of the German welfare state. The author, formerly director at the Max-Planck-Institute for European Legal History, Frankfurt, provides a perceptive overview of the history of social security and social welfare in Germany from early modern times to the end of World War II, including Bismarck's pioneering introduction of social insurance in the 1880s. The author unravels "layers" of social security that have piled up in the course of history and, so he argues, still linger in the present-day welfare state. The account begins with the first efforts by public authorities to regulate poverty and then proceeds to the "social question" that arose during the 19th-century Industrial Revolution. World War I had a major impact on the development of social security, both during the war and after, through the exigencies of the war economy, inflation and unemployment. The ruptures as well as the continuities of social policy under National Socialism and World War II are also investigated.
The Origins of the Modern World: A Global and Environmental Narrative
by Robert B. MarksThis clearly written and engrossing book presents a global narrative of the origins of the modern world from 1400 to the present. Unlike most studies, which assume that the rise of the West is the story of the coming of the modern world, this history, drawing upon new scholarship on Asia, Africa, and the New World and upon the maturing field of environmental history, constructs a story in which those parts of the world play major roles, including their impacts on the environment. Robert B. Marks defines the modern world as one marked by industry, the nation state, interstate warfare, a large and growing gap between the wealthiest and poorest parts of the world, increasing inequality within the wealthiest industrialized countries, and an escape from the environmental constraints of the biological old regime. He explains its origins by emphasizing contingencies (such as the conquest of the New World); the broad comparability of the most advanced regions in China, India, and Europe; the reasons why England was able to escape from common ecological constraints facing all of those regions by the eighteenth century; a conjuncture of human and natural forces that solidified a gap between the industrialized and non-industrialized parts of the world; and the mounting environmental crisis that defines the modern world. Now in a new edition that brings the saga of the modern world to the present in an environmental context, the book considers how and why the United States emerged as a world power in the twentieth century and became the sole superpower by the twenty-first century, and why the changed relationship of humans to the environmental likely will be the hallmark of the modern era the Anthropocene. Once again arguing that the U. S. rise to global hegemon was contingent, not inevitable, Marks also points to the resurgence of Asia and the vastly changed relationship of humans to the environment that may in the long run overshadow any political and economic milestones of the past hundred years.
The Origins of the Modern World: A Global and Ecological Narrative from the Fifteenth to the Twenty-first Century
by Robert B. MarksThis clearly written and engaging book presents a global narrative of the origins of the modern world. Unlike most studies, which assume that the rise of the West is the story of the coming of the modern world, this history, drawing upon new scholarship on Asia, Africa, and the New World, constructs a story in which those parts of the world play major roles. Robert Marks defines the modern world as one marked by industry, the nation state, interstate warfare, a large and growing gap between the wealthiest and poorest parts of the world, and an escape from the biological old regime.
The Origins Of The Modern World: A Global And Environmental Narrative From The Fifteenth To The Twenty-first Century
by Robert B. MarksThe Origins of the Modern World: A Global and Environmental Narrative from the Fifteenth to the Twenty-First Century (World Social Change)
The Origins of the Twenty First Century
by Gabriel TortellaThis fascinating book provides a fully integrated explanation of the history of the modern world. Although the sheer complexity of society requires that it be studied from the standpoint of several social sciences (including Economics, Political Science, Sociology and Anthropology), using only the tools of just one of these is an obstacle to understanding the whole society, where social, economic and political conditions are interacting all the time. The book explains why and how modern communities have evolved from their pre-modern, Ancien regime, states in the early eighteenth century, to the early twenty-first century, where economic development had reached unprecedented levels. It shows that political revolutions have preceded economic revolutions, rather than the reverse, although there is a considerable degree of interaction between macroeconomic and political variables. Economic histories of the period neglect non-economic factors such as political and legal institutions, which from a wide perspective have a powerful impact on economic developments. The complexity of the world and of the times in which we live is overwhelming and growing. Professor Tortella provides an international approach and combines economic and social analysis with political, cultural, and scientific issues. Topics covered include: the Industrial Revolution capitalism and the West the First and Second World War the rise of communism and the era of Stalin the US depression and the Gold Standard social and class struggle
The Origins of the Urban Crisis: Race and Inequality in Postwar Detroit - Updated Edition (Princeton Classics #6)
by Thomas J. SugrueThe reasons behind Detroit’s persistent racialized poverty after World War IIOnce America's "arsenal of democracy," Detroit is now the symbol of the American urban crisis. In this reappraisal of America’s racial and economic inequalities, Thomas Sugrue asks why Detroit and other industrial cities have become the sites of persistent racialized poverty. He challenges the conventional wisdom that urban decline is the product of the social programs and racial fissures of the 1960s. Weaving together the history of workplaces, unions, civil rights groups, political organizations, and real estate agencies, Sugrue finds the roots of today’s urban poverty in a hidden history of racial violence, discrimination, and deindustrialization that reshaped the American urban landscape after World War II.This Princeton Classics edition includes a new preface by Sugrue, discussing the lasting impact of the postwar transformation on urban America and the chronic issues leading to Detroit’s bankruptcy.
Origins of the War in the East (Routledge Library Editions: Japan)
by Aron ShaiThis study describes the British government’s policy towards China during the first phases of the undeclared Sino-Japanese war, starting in July 1937 when the conflict in North China culminated in all-out hostilities; and ending in September 1939 when the outbreak of the war over Poland forced the British government to turn almost all its attention to Europe. The dilemmas confronting British policy-makers in the Far East are analysed together with the implementation of their subsequent solutions. Attention is focused on the question of British interests in China and on the decisive factors and considerations which determined British policy and Britain’s role in the Sino-Japanese war. Questions concerning the safety of the British subjects and the commercial community in China and their influence on the decision making process, the attitude towards Soviet influence in China and prospects of Communist take-over are also discussed. In the final analysis the book examines the widely debated subject of appeasement in its Asian context. It is argued that Britain pursued a policy towards Japan which gained strength without producing a Far Eastern Munich
The Origins of the Welfare State: Women, Work, and the French Revolution
by Lisa DiCaprioWomen workers and the revolutionary origins of the modern welfare state In May 1790, the French National Assembly created spinning workshops (ateliers de filature) for thousands of unemployed women in Paris. These ateliers disclose new aspects of the process which transformed Old Regime charity into revolutionary welfare initiatives characterized by secularization, centralization, and entitlements based on citizenship. This study is the first to examine women and the welfare state in its formative period at a time when modern concepts of human rights were elaborated. In The Origins of the Welfare State, Lisa DiCaprio reveals how the women working in the ateliers, municipal welfare officials, and the national government vied to define the meaning of revolutionary welfare throughout the Revolution. Presenting demands for improved wages and working conditions to a wide array of revolutionary officials, the women workers exercised their rights as "passive citizens" capaciously and shaped the meanings of work, welfare, and citizenship. Looking backward to the Old Regime and forward to the nineteenth century, this study explores the interventionist spirit that characterized liberalism in the eighteenth century and serves as a bridge to the history of entitlements in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
The Origins of Worker Mobilisation: Australia 1788-1850 (Routledge Studies in Employment and Work Relations in Context)
by Michael QuinlanThis is a book on how and why workers come together. Almost coincident with its inception, worker organisation is a central and enduring element of capitalism. In the 19th and 20th centuries’ mobilisation by workers played a substantial role in reshaping critical elements of these societies in Europe, North America, Australasia and elsewhere including the introduction of minimum labour standards (living wage rates, maximum hours etc), workplace safety and compensation laws and the rise of welfare state more generally. Notwithstanding setbacks in recent decades, worker organisation represents a pivotal countervailing force to moderate the excesses of capitalism and is likely to become even more influential as the social consequences of rising global inequality become more manifest. Indeed, instability and periodic shifts in the respective influence of capital and labour are endemic to capitalism. As formal institutions have declined in some countries or unions outlawed and severely repressed in others, there has been growing recognition of informal strike activity by workers and wider alliances between unions and community organisations in others. While such developments are seen as new they aren’t. Indeed, understanding of worker organisation is often ahistorical and even those understandings informed by historical research are, this book will argue, in need of revision. This book provides a new perspective on and new insights into how and why workers organise, and what shapes this organisation. The Origins of Worker Mobilisation will be key reading for scholars, academics and policy makers the fields of industrial relations, HRM, labour economics, labour history and related disciplines.
Orit Gadiesh: Pride at Bain & Co. (A)
by Nancy Rothbard Jay CongerDescribes the events surrounding Bain & Co.'s financial and organizational struggles between 1988 and 1991. Focuses on the role of Orit Gadiesh, then vice chairman of Bain & Co., in leading the effort to restructure the company and restore company pride.
Orkestra - Basque Institute of Competitiveness
by Michael E. Porter Jesus M Valdaliso Christian H.M. KetelsCase
Orlando Ayala: El colombiano que le hablaba al oído a Bill Gates
by Julio César GuzmánLa asombrosa historia del colombiano que llegó a trabajar hombro a hombro con Bill Gates. Orlando Ayala fue durante más de dos décadas pieza fundamental de Microsoft, tuvo cerca de 40.000 personas a su cargo en decenas de países y respondía por un presupuesto equivalente a la mitad del que controla el Gobierno de Colombia. Con un compromiso ético y humanitario, trabajó hombro a hombro con Bill Gates, a quien además aconsejó durante crisis y momentos coyunturales atravesados por el gigante tecnológico. Julio César Guzmán, autor de este libro, le siguió la pista a Ayala durante más de veinte años, y después de decenas de conversaciones personales, telefónicas, por Skype y de WhatsApp, logró reconstruir la vida de un hombre que brilló en lo más alto del mundo corporativo y que ahora nos deja miles de lecciones. Estas páginas constatan la magnitud de un colombiano difícil de igualar. "Muchas veces tuvimos que tomar decisiones estratégicas y enfrentamos retos con el Departamento de Justicia, y Orlando siempre fue una voz que decía: '¡Vamos a hacerlo, hagamos lo correcto para nuestros clientes!'. Con frecuencia, asumió tareas especiales que llevaron a la compañía a aprender nuevas destrezas. Él ha hecho contribuciones en muchas áreas [...]. He emprendido muchos viajes con Orlando; en algunos terminábamos exhaustos, con una agenda pesada. Nos divertimos recorriendo América Latina". Bill Gates, fundador de Microsoft (Tomado del libro)
Ornamental Horticulture: Science, Operations, and Management (4th edition)
by Jack E. IngelsThis comprehensive book is an ideal introduction for both hobbyists and professionals to the art and science of ornamental horticulture providing a balanced coverage of the diverse elements integral to this exciting field and a realistic view of the required business skills while also giving them the chance to develop their creativity.
Orpheus in the Marketplace
by Tim Carter Richard A. GoldthwaiteThe Florentine musician Jacopo Peri (1561-1633) is known as the composer of the first operas--they include the earliest to survive complete, Euridice (1600), in which Peri sang the role of Orpheus. The recent discovery of a large number of private account books belonging to him and his family allows for a greater exploration of Peri's professional and personal life. Richard Goldthwaite, an economic historian, and Tim Carter, a musicologist, have done more, however, than write a biography: their investigation exposes the value of such financial documents as a primary source for an entire period. This record of Peri's wide-ranging investments and activities in the marketplace enables the first detailed account of the Florentine economy in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, and opens a new perspective on one of Europe's principal centers of capitalism. His economic circumstances reflect continuities and transformations in Florentine society, and the strategies for negotiating them, under the Medici grand dukes. They also allow a reevaluation of Peri the singer and composer that elucidates the cultural life of a major artistic center even in changing times, providing a quite different view of what it meant to be a musician in late Renaissance Italy.
Orsted Goes Global
by Joseph L. Bower Elena CorsiThe European leader in offshore wind, the Danish Ørsted is building a global position and entering markets where offshore wind is nascent. The case examines the transformations in strategy leading to Ørsted’s success and the challenges of adopting that strategy in order to enter the U.S. market.
OrthoChoice: Bundled Payments in the County of Stockholm (A)
by Michael E. Porter Zachary C. Landman Clifford MarksIt was the waiting that drew the attention of the Stockholm County Council. In 2008, patients seeking a hip or knee replacement in Stockholm County faced wait times of up to two years of sometimes debilitating pain, intermittent missed work and income, and the trials of disability. Seeking a new model to lower wait times, but also improve patient choice of care, County Council Senior Medical Adviser, Dr. Holger Stalberg, set out to create a bundled payment system for hip and knee replacements in the County. The new model, called OrthoChoice, was set to go into operation on January 1, 2009.
OrthoChoice: Bundled Payments in the County of Stockholm (B)
by Michael E. Porter Zachary C. Landman Clifford MarksBy the end of 2008, all major hospitals (one of which was private) and three private specialized orthopedic centers signed OrthoChoice contracts. In 2009, hip and knee replacements in the County of Stockholm for relatively healthy patients began being reimbursed. By 2013, OrthoChoice had covered 12,531 hip and knee replacements, accounting for 59% of such operations for county residents. Total payments were SEK 704.5 million ($109.4 million). Dr. Holger Stalberg and his team at the Stockholm County Council (SLL) were reviewing the results of the new payment approach and considering how to improve the model.
Orthopedic Practice Management: Strategies for Growth and Success
by Eric C. Makhni Melvin C. Makhni Eric F. Swart Charles A. Bush-JosephThis unique resource provides a solid introduction to practice management for orthopedic practitioners—whether employed in a hospital setting, in private practice, or on faculty at a university setting—and it will be especially valuable to all surgeons still in their residency, providing valuable insight into how to best prepare to effectively care for patients. Orthopedists both domestic and international will benefit immensely from its contents, skills that are often overlooked in medical training. Part one presents the essentials of starting and building a practice, including strategic, personal and legal considerations, partnerships and ancillaries, keys for growth and success, incorporating mid-level providers, and the use of social media. Leadership and management are covered in part two, discussing the management of a private practice and a privademic medical center, recruitment and expansion, outcome collections, the pursuit of a dual degree, and all-important healthcare policy. Additional relevant topics are presented in part three, including surgical training and education, independent medical exams and legal depositions, board certification and maintenance, principles of clinical research, and surgical innovation. In today’s ever-changing healthcare climate, practitioners must know how to deliver the medicine they spent so many years learning and perfecting. Orthopedic Practice Management is the first text dedicated to teaching surgeons the essential non-clinical fundamentals for succeeding in healthcare. No matter what stage of practice you are in—from student to master surgeon—you will find that this book contains invaluable information for achieving success in orthopedics.
Os 10 Princípios do Empreendedor Ético
by Kevin S Allen Tatiana El-Id KanhoucheConsiderando os milhares de livros sobre empreendedorismo disponíveis no mercado, o que faz “Os 10 Princípios do Empreendedor Ético” diferente? A maioria desses livros está cheia de truques para enriquecer rápido e esquemas para ganhar dinheiro rápido. No entanto, esse livro não tem essas características. Eu vou te ensinar a criar e desenvolver um negócio com honestidade, integridade e foco no cliente, e não apenas no dinheiro. Os princípios citados nesse livro vão ensinar como ser honesto, autêntico e verdadeiro com você mesmo e seus clientes, se implantar e segui-los diariamente. Ser honesto é uma das principais características de um empreendedor, na verdade de qualquer pessoa, mas muito difícil de encontrar hoje em dia. Ser um empreendedor é incrível, tempo, liberdade, dinheiro, viagens, que às vezes nos esquecemos o motivo pelo qual começamos: servir às pessoas. Nos perdemos na busca por dinheiro e esse livro vai lhe ajudar a ser o empreendedor honesto, autêntico e confiável que sempre quis ser.
Os Empreendedores Espirituais: Gestão empresarial em perspectiva espiritual
by Marc BacoO livro é um ótimo aprendizado sobre como empreender seus negócios,literalmnte, de corpo e alma. O empreendedor espiritual supera seus colegas materialistas aplicando leis de espiritualidade em sua empresa. O livro descreve sugestões e técnicas de se fazer isso, passando ensinamento para empreendedores e fundadores que estãomudando sua maneira de pensar em relação a empresa e a si mesmos.