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The Spanish Welfare State in European Context
by Ana Marta Guillén Margarita LeónFollowing the death of Franco, Spain underwent a transition to democracy in the mid-1970s. Although a rapid process of modernization occurred, the Spanish welfare state was seen, until fairly recently, as relatively underdeveloped. However, given the progressive Europeanization and expansion of Spanish social policy, questions arise as to whether the Spanish welfare system should still be considered as peripheral to West European welfare states. This volume is divided into three sections. The first section deals with broad trends in the evolution of the Spanish welfare state. To begin with, the consolidation path of social protection policies is explored. Attention is also paid to the process of Europeanization. Furthermore, the analysis explores advances in gender equality policies. In the second section, attention is turned to governance issues, such as collective bargaining, the interplay among levels of government, the welfare mix and public support for social policies. The third and final part of the book addresses five main challenges facing the Spanish welfare state in the 21st century, namely, the need to enhance flexicurity; to achieve a better work-family balance; to coordinate immigration policies with existing social protection; to tackle the persistence of high rates of relative poverty; and to face intense population ageing, both in terms of increasing needs for care and the reform of the pension system.
Spanning Silos
by David A. AakerPowerful product, country, and functional silos are jeopardizing companies' marketing efforts. Because of silos, firms misallocate resources, send inconsistent messages to the marketplace, and fail to leverage scale economies and successes--all of which can threaten a company's survival.As David Aaker shows in Spanning Silos, the unfettered decentralization that produces silos is no longer feasible in today's marketplace. It's up to chief marketing officers to break down silo walls to foster cooperation and synergy.This isn't easy: silo teams guard their autonomy vigorously. As proof of their power, consider the fact that the average CMO tenure is just twenty-three months. How to proceed? Drawing on interviews with CMOs, Aaker explains how to:Strength your credibility with silo teams and your CEOUse cross-functional teams and other strategic linking devicesFoster communication across silosSelect the right CMO role-- from facilitator to strategic captainDevelop common planning processesAdapt your brand strategy to silo unitsAllocate marketing dollars strategically across silosDevelop silo-spanning marketing programsIn this age of dynamic markets, new media, and globalization, getting the different parts of your organization to collaborate is more critical--and more difficult--than ever. This book gives you the road map you need to accomplish that feat.
The Spanx Story: What's Underneath the Incredible success of Sara Blakely's Billion Dollar Empire (The Business Storybook Series)
by Charlie Wetzel Stephanie WetzelWhat can you learn from the most successful companies in the world? The Spanx Story will help you understand and adopt the competitive strategies, workplace culture, and daily business practices that enabled entrepreneur Sara Blakely to dominate the shapewear industry and become a billionaire.<P><P>Sara Blakely had a problem. She had a beautiful pair of white designer pants hanging in her closet just calling out to her to wear them, even though they accented her least favorite feature: cellulite. After searching high and low for a solution and coming up empty, an idea was born: Spanx. <P><P>The Spanx Story chronicles Sara’s journey from long nights researching patent and trademark law, to years of cold shoulders she received from the titans of the pantyhose industry, to the cold call that led to the shelves of Nieman Marcus. It was a long road of incredible hard work and determination that led Spanx to become the iconic brand it is today. <P><P>This book educates and inspires entrepreneurs and innovators to find the problem for their solutions and persevere through all of the hard work that goes into building a billion-dollar company. Through Sara’s story, you will learn: How to develop an idea and turn it into a business.How to start a company with very little capital by thinking outside of the box and dedicating every spare moment to your goal.How to recognize when it’s better to hire a CEO than to be the CEO.And, how to stay the course and continue to believe in your idea, despite naysayers and going against an industry resistant to innovation.
Spare Parts Inventory Control under System Availability Constraints
by Geert-Jan Houtum Bram KranenburgThis book focuses on the tactical planning level for spare parts management. It describes a series of multi-item inventory models and presents exact and heuristic optimization methods, including greedy heuristics that work well for real, life-sized problems. The intended audience consists of graduate students, starting scholars in the field of spare parts inventory control, and spare parts planning specialists in the industry. In individual chapters the authors consider topics including: a basic single-location model; single-location models with multiple machine types and/or machine groups; the multi-location model with lateral transshipments; the classical METRIC model and its generalization to multi-indenture systems; and a single-location model with an explicit modeling of the repair capacity for failed parts and the priorities that one can set there. Various chapters of the book are used in a master course at Eindhoven University of Technology and in a PhD course of the Graduate Program Operations Management and Logistics (a Dutch network that organizes PhD courses in the field of OM&L). The required pre-knowledge consists of probability theory and basic knowledge of Markov processes and queuing theory. End-of-chapter problems appear for all chapters, with some answers appearing in an appendix.
Sparen in öffentlichen Haushalten: Grundzüge einer Theorie mit zehn Beispielen für die Praxis und Fachdiskussion (essentials)
by Ingo Caspari Walter Reese-Schäfer Werner HaßenkampDie Autoren beschreiben in diesem Essential anhand von Beispielen Schwierigkeiten, die beim Sparen auftreten. Auf Basis der Systemtheorie des Soziologen N. Luhmann, die zu Grundzügen einer Soziologie des Sparens umgeformt wird, entstehen neue Einblicke, weil in Systemen (wie Wirtschaft oder Politik) gedacht wird und der einzelne Mensch außen vor bleibt. Die Aggregation der Erkenntnisse der Beispiele aus der Praxis mündet in einer Frage: Wie sollen die gesellschaftlichen Subsysteme um die beste Lösung streiten? Hier stößt das Analysewerkzeug Systemtheorie an seine Grenzen und die Theorie kommunikativer Vernunft von J. Habermas führt zu klaren Empfehlungen an die Praxis des Sparens. Zentrale zukünftige Herausforderungen werden abschließend benannt.
Sparen macht glücklich: Wer nicht spart, wann er kann, kann kein Geld ausgeben, wenn er das möchte.
by Tomas Pulido GalanIn seinem Buch "Sparen macht glücklich" ("Ahorra y sé feliz") gibt Tomás Pulido Galán, ein erfolgreicher Autor von Ratgebern, dem Leser 350 Tipps, wie man Geld sparen kann. Es zeigt die unterschiedlichsten Sparmöglichkeiten in vielen Bereichen auf: im Haushalt, bei Fahrzeugen, bei Banken und Versicherungen, bei Immobilien, in der Freizeit etc. Auch zusätzliche Verdienstmöglichkeiten wie z.B. Nebenjobs finden Erwähnung. Sein Buch über das Sparen ist bei Amazon.es in Spanien und Lateinamerika ein Bestseller.
Spark: Take Your Business From Struggle to Significance
by David A. Hilton Alexander HiltonHave you ever dreamed of running your own business? Or are you running your own business and wondering how to grow it to the next level? If so, "Spark" was written especially for you. "Spark" will pull you out of the details and enable you to see the business journey from a higher perspective---a perspective that shows you where you are in the journey of the business. You will see that the challenges are just that: challenges, not insurmountable problems."Spark" tells the story of the journey that gets you from here to there. From an idea to execution. It points out, in context, the lessons that everyone who wants to be successful in business must learn. Using the information in this book, you can learn and grow in the comfort of your living room where there is no cost to changing your mind or making a mistake."Spark" is a combination of a fast-paced novel with powerful, impactful and eminently executable business lessons. It is rare to find a business book that is this enjoyable to read while being power packed full of knowledge.Our hero, Jack, is about to learn all the lessons of business the hard way so that you don&’t have to.
Spark: How Old-Fashioned Values Drive a Twenty-First-Century Corporation: Lessons from Lincoln Electric's U
by Frank KollerWhile factories across the Midwest shutter their doors, Cleveland-based manufacturer Lincoln Electric has thrived for more than a century. In addition to being profitable and technologically innovative, through good times and bad, the company has fulfilled its unique promise of "guaranteed continuous employment. ” Workers are viewed as assets-not liabilities. Through flexible hours and job assignments, as well as a merit-based bonus system, Lincoln Electric’s employment policies have proven healthy for the company’s bottom line its employees and its shareholders. In Spark, veteran journalist Frank Koller tells the story of how this unusual and profitable Fortune 1000 multinational company challenges the conventional wisdom shaping modern management’s view of the workplace. Through insightful storytelling and extensive interviews with executives, workers, and leading business thinkers, Koller uses the Lincoln Electric example to illustrate how job security can inspire powerful growth and prosperity in our communities.
Spark
by Patricia LeavyProfessor Peyton Wilde has an enviable life teaching sociology at an idyllic liberal arts college--yet she is troubled by a sense of fading inspiration. One day an invitation arrives. Peyton has been selected to attend a luxurious all-expense-paid seminar in Iceland, where participants, billed as some of the greatest thinkers in the world, will be charged with answering one perplexing question. Meeting her diverse teammates--two neuroscientists, a philosopher, a dance teacher, a collage artist, and a farmer--Peyton wonders what she could ever have to contribute. The ensuing journey of discovery will transform the characters' work, their biases, and themselves. This suspenseful novel shows that the answers you seek can be found in the most unlikely places. It can be read for pleasure, is a great choice for book clubs, and can be used as unique and inspiring reading in qualitative research and other courses in education, sociology, social work, psychology, and communication.
Spark: How to Lead Yourself and Others to Greater Success
by Angie Morgan Courtney Lynch Sean LynchThe New York Times–bestselling, non-nonsense guide to becoming a better leader through 7 key behaviors, based on a mix of military and corporate training. Leadership is not about job titles—it&’s about action and behavior. &“Sparks&” are the doers, thinkers, innovators, and key influencers who are catalysts for personal and organizational change. But these extraordinary individuals aren&’t defined by the place they hold on an organizational chart—they are defined by their actions, commitment, and will. Leadership experts Angie Morgan, Courtney Lynch, and Sean Lynch show how you can become a Spark by cultivating seven key leadership behaviors. Grounded in the latest research on leadership development, this fresh, accessible road map is packed with real-world stories from inside companies like Facebook, Google, and Boston Scientific, and from the authors&’ own high-stakes, challenging experiences serving in the U.S. Armed Forces. With SPARK as a blueprint, anyone can become a catalyst for change, and any organization can identify and develop Sparks.&“A myth-destroying book that will make you rethink both the theory and practice of leadership.&”—Daniel H. Pink, #1 New York Times–bestselling author of Drive&“If you truly want to become a Spark in your organization and in your life, I urge you to read this book now.&”—Mike &“Coach K&” Krzyzewski, head coach, Duke University Men&’s Basketball&“These authors are not only great leadership thinkers, but they have all led people in challenging circumstances…. Trust them to take you to a new level.&”—Brigadier General Thomas A. Kolditz, U.S. Army (Ret.), director of the Ann and John Doerr Institute for New Leaders at Rice University
Spark: The Insight to Growing Brands
by Paddy RangappaSpark addresses the important issue of growing bands in an increasingly competitive, crowded market place. Written by an expert in marketing, here is a book that demystifies the esoteric subject of brand-building. Spark achieves this by providing a practical framework. It handholds the reader through the various stages of brand-building—how to generate an insight to address a specific business challenge; how to construct a full business plan around it; and how to leverage such a plan for revenue growth. Rich in case-studies of successful global brands like Dove, McDonald’s and Vicks VapoRub, and replete with brainstorming tips and catchy acronyms for developing successful brand campaigns with ad agencies, Spark offers a lifeline to the professional committed to building and nurturing a powerful brand.
Spark
by John WinsorThe playing field for businesses is always changing. But one principle remains constant: individuals and companies that innovate will excel. In this groundbreaking guide, entrepreneur John Winsor presents 16 unique perspectives from trail-blazing innovators in companies of all sizes - creative directors, CEOs, brand managers, product developers, and others. Readers will learn how these stellar innovators built powerful brands and created the right environments to foster high levels of creativity. Following each interview, readers will discover a set of tools and recommendations to help them implement the innovator's ideas, including exercises, questions, and space to draw or write their thoughts. Throughout, Winsor weaves his essential premise: it takes more than one brilliant mind to allow innovation to occur. By the end, readers will understand why a true innovator is someone who makes connections with others and realizes the rewards.
The Spark and the Grind: Ignite the Power of Disciplined Creativity
by Erik WahlWe’ve been conditioned to think about creative genius as a dichotomy: dreamers versus doers, creativity versus discipline, the spark versus the grind. But what if we’re wrong? What if it’s the spark and the grind? We love people whose creative genius arrives in sudden sparks of inspiration. Think of Archimedes in his bathtub or Newton under his apple tree. But we also admire people who work incredibly hard and long for their creative breakthroughs. Think of Edison in his lab, grinding through hundreds of failed variations on the lightbulb. We remember his words in tough times: “Genius is 1 percent inspiration, 99 percent perspiration.” Now Erik Wahl, a visual artist, speaker, and entrepreneur, helps us unite the yin and yang of creativity— the dynamic new ideas with the dogged effort. He shows why we won’t get far if we rely on the spark without the grind, or the grind without the spark. What the world really needs are the creators who can hold the two in balance. Fortunately, it’s possible to get good at both, as Wahl knows from experience. After his corporate career suddenly ended, he pursued a spark—to paint photorealistic portraits—and ground it out until he got good enough to make very good art very quickly. That’s the basis of his riveting live shows, which have captivated skeptical audiences who never expected to be inspired by art—and taught them to embrace creativity in a whole new way. This book offers surprising insights and practical advice about how to fan the sparks and make the grind more productive. Wahl deftly synthesizes the wisdom of other artists, philosophers, scientists, and business visionaries throughout history, along with his own views. Here’s how he sums up his approach: The world needs people who enjoy swimming in ideas until they discover a great one. The world also needs doers who have a gift for activation, a.k.a. “getting s*** done.” But the most potent individual creators in any industry or environment have learned how to be both. They’ve learned how to spark their grind and they’ve learned how to grind their sparks. As a result, they not only make things happen, they make great things. If you want to ensure constant creativity in your life and produce your most innovative work—this is your guide.
Spark for Python Developers
by Amit NandiA concise guide to implementing Spark Big Data analytics for Python developers, and building a real-time and insightful trend tracker data intensive app About This Book * Set up real-time streaming and batch data intensive infrastructure using Spark and Python * Deliver insightful visualizations in a web app using Spark (PySpark) * Inject live data using Spark Streaming with real-time events Who This Book Is For This book is for data scientists and software developers with a focus on Python who want to work with the Spark engine, and it will also benefit Enterprise Architects. All you need to have is a good background of Python and an inclination to work with Spark. What You Will Learn * Create a Python development environment powered by Spark (PySpark), Blaze, and Bookeh * Build a real-time trend tracker data intensive app * Visualize the trends and insights gained from data using Bookeh * Generate insights from data using machine learning through Spark MLLIB * Juggle with data using Blaze * Create training data sets and train the Machine Learning models * Test the machine learning models on test datasets * Deploy the machine learning algorithms and models and scale it for real-time events In Detail Looking for a cluster computing system that provides high-level APIs? Apache Spark is your answer--an open source, fast, and general purpose cluster computing system. Spark's multi-stage memory primitives provide performance up to 100 times faster than Hadoop, and it is also well-suited for machine learning algorithms. Are you a Python developer inclined to work with Spark engine? If so, this book will be your companion as you create data-intensive app using Spark as a processing engine, Python visualization libraries, and web frameworks such as Flask. To begin with, you will learn the most effective way to install the Python development environment powered by Spark, Blaze, and Bookeh. You will then find out how to connect with data stores such as MySQL, MongoDB, Cassandra, and Hadoop. You'll expand your skills throughout, getting familiarized with the various data sources (Github, Twitter, Meetup, and Blogs), their data structures, and solutions to effectively tackle complexities. You'll explore datasets using iPython Notebook and will discover how to optimize the data models and pipeline. Finally, you'll get to know how to create training datasets and train the machine learning models. By the end of the book, you will have created a real-time and insightful trend tracker data-intensive app with Spark. Style and approach This is a comprehensive guide packed with easy-to-follow examples that will take your skills to the next level and will get you up and running with Spark.
Spark & Hustle
by Tory JohnsonYOUR PASSION. YOUR PURPOSE. YOUR PROFIT. Some people are willing to spend their lives working for someone else. Not you. You're ready to start your own business--or grow your existing business into something bigger. You're ready to take control of your life, your finances, your future. Tory Johnson helps you make it happen. Based on her phenomenally successful "Spark & Hustle" workshops, Tory breaks down the basics, and helps you create a plan for success, including Exploring your motivations to profit from your passion How to nail a one-page business plan to launch your idea with clarity and confidence Finding the money to get going, perfecting your revenue and pricing Making social media (and other free tools) profitable for you Mastering sales without cringing at the thought of asking for money Detailed strategies for every aspect of your start-up and tactics to hustle for ongoing small business success
Spark Innovation Through Empathic Design
by Dorothy Leonard Jeffrey F. RayportAlmost all companies today compete to some degree on the basis of continuous innovation. And many turn to customers for information to guide that innovation. The problem is that customers' ability to guide new product and service development is limited by their experience and by their ability to imagine and describe possible innovations. How can companies identify needs that customers themselves may not recognize? A set of techniques Harvard Business School Professors Dorothy Leonard and Jeffrey Rayport call empathic design can help resolve those dilemmas. Its basic principle is observation--watching customers use products or services. But the critical twist is that such observation is conducted in the customer's own environment--in the context of normal, everyday routines. In such a context, the company is privy to a host of information that is not accessible through other observation--oriented research methods such as focus groups or usability laboratories. This article explores a new way for companies to spark innovation--a new way for them to identify consumer needs, and thus design successful new products to meet those needs. The techniques of empathic design--effectively gathering, analyzing, and applying information gleaned from observation-are familiar to top engineering/design firms and a few forward-thinking manufacturers, but are not common practice.
Spark Therapeutics: Pioneering Gene Therapy
by Robert F. Higgins"It was fall 2014 and Jeff Marrazzo, the co-founder and CEO of Spark Therapeutics, a pioneering gene therapy startup, sat down at his desk in Philadelphia to finish preparing for his board meeting starting in an hour. It was hard to imagine that more than a year had already passed since Spark had formally spun out of The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP). The company had taken with it much of the intellectual property and talent that CHOP had developed in the exciting new field of gene therapy under the leadership of accomplished clinician researcher Dr. Katherine A. (Kathy) High. High was now serving as co-founder, President, and Chief Scientific Officer of Spark"
Sparked: Discover Your Unique Imprint for Work that Makes You Come Alive
by Jonathan FieldsDiscover your unique imprint for work that makes you come alive, fills you with meaning, joy, purpose, and possibility, then spend the rest of your life doing it.We&’re all born with a certain &“imprint&” for work that makes us come alive. This is your "Sparketype®," your DNA-level driver of work that lets you know, deep down, you&’re doing what you&’re here to do. Work that motivates you, fills you with purpose and, fully-expressed in a healthy way, becomes a main-line to meaning, flow, performance, and joy. Put another way, work that &“sparks&” you.Drawing upon years of research, experimentation, more than 25-million data-points generated by over half-a-million people, hundreds of deep-dive conversations with luminaries from science to art to industry and wellbeing. Award-winning author, serial wellness-industry founder, and host of the top-ranked Good Life Project®, Jonathan Fields, and his team at Spark Endeavors, developed the Sparketype imprints and methodology that is the basis of this book.SPARKED takes you deep into the world of the Sparketypes, revealing an entirely new depth of insights about what makes you come alive in work life, along with what empties you out and trips you up, so you can avoid those life-drains. You&’ll discover tons of case studies, stories, and real-world applications, creating a comprehensive guide to help you discover what you are meant to do and how to get started.This book will help you:Discover, with far more depth, what sparks you, what drains you, where you stumble and come alive, so you can reclaim a sense of direction, control, and purpose;Understand the &“real&” reasons certain experiences, jobs, and roles leave you empty and know how to make things better, without having to endure big disruptive changes;Learn from real-world, relatable stories, case-studies, and data-driven insightsIdentify the action steps to begin immediately transforming the way you work and live.
Sparking Creativity: How Play and Humor Fuel Innovation and Design
by Barry KudrowitzBlending popular culture and design theory, framed by a decade of scholarly research, this book highlights how play and humor fuel innovation. Now, more than ever, we are in need of creative solutions to global problems, but creative skills and abilities decline over time without intervention and practice. Sparking Creativity provides empirically supported methods for embracing the often-trivialized domains of play and humor to increase our creativity. It shows that topical examples, such as Seinfeld's humor, the Apples to Apples board game, and the Adventure Time cartoon series, are more closely related to innovation than you might first think. The book is organized into five main parts, each containing short, engaging subsections and informative, playful, and colorful illustrations to demonstrate concepts. Written in a humorous and accessible style, this book is aimed toward creative-minded entrepreneurs, designers, engineers, industry leaders, parents, educators, and students. It encourages a playful approach throughout a design process to produce truly innovative solutions.
Sparking Success: Why Every Leader Needs to Develop a Creative Mindset
by Adam KinglDiscover the spark of innovation that will transform your leadership through Sparking Success.Studies show that 80% of us are increasingly pressured to be productive rather than creative at work. Sparking Success uncovers the importance of creativity as a tool for innovation and demonstrates how it can be a driving factor for success. In order to adapt to fast-moving trends and disruptions in the modern business landscape, you need to spark your creative outlook.In this book, Adam Kingl profiles the business leaders who are redefining themselves as creative pioneers. From media powerhouses such as Pixar and Disney to major manufacturers such as Bosch and Panasonic, this book shows the universal importance of creativity for business leaders across the world. Each of the chapters poses a challenge or opportunity that will help you tap into an innovative mindset, before offering fascinating insights from leaders across the creative industries. Discover how you can become a dynamic, creative and empathetic leader by Sparking Success.
Sparse Optimization Theory and Methods
by Yun-Bin ZhaoSeeking sparse solutions of underdetermined linear systems is required in many areas of engineering and science such as signal and image processing. The efficient sparse representation becomes central in various big or high-dimensional data processing, yielding fruitful theoretical and realistic results in these fields. The mathematical optimization plays a fundamentally important role in the development of these results and acts as the mainstream numerical algorithms for the sparsity-seeking problems arising from big-data processing, compressed sensing, statistical learning, computer vision, and so on. This has attracted the interest of many researchers at the interface of engineering, mathematics and computer science. Sparse Optimization Theory and Methods presents the state of the art in theory and algorithms for signal recovery under the sparsity assumption. The up-to-date uniqueness conditions for the sparsest solution of underdertemined linear systems are described. The results for sparse signal recovery under the matrix property called range space property (RSP) are introduced, which is a deep and mild condition for the sparse signal to be recovered by convex optimization methods. This framework is generalized to 1-bit compressed sensing, leading to a novel sign recovery theory in this area. Two efficient sparsity-seeking algorithms, reweighted l1-minimization in primal space and the algorithm based on complementary slackness property, are presented. The theoretical efficiency of these algorithms is rigorously analysed in this book. Under the RSP assumption, the author also provides a novel and unified stability analysis for several popular optimization methods for sparse signal recovery, including l1-mininization, Dantzig selector and LASSO. This book incorporates recent development and the author’s latest research in the field that have not appeared in other books.
The Spartan W@rker (Routledge Focus on Business and Management)
by Konstantinos Perrotis Cary L. CooperThe field of Organizational Psychology and Occupational Stress is complex and multifaceted. Many efforts have been made by several authors to write books that would have assisted employees in becoming more satisfied, relaxed and thus happier with their work, but such a result seems difficult and complicated to achieve. In The Spartan W@rker, the authors approach the research of Organizational Psychology and Occupational Stress from a fresh and different perspective. It compares the modern work environment with the features and way of life of the famous Greek Spartan warriors. Spartan warriors embraced a unique lifestyle which made them become more resilient, engaged, committed and efficient in their everyday lives, both in times of peace and war. The book proposes that in an increasingly demanding work environment, such an approach would be very beneficial for workers who want and need to learn how to become more resilient and thus remain unaffected from the daily stresses of modern life. This book dedicates itself to explaining in detail the mechanisms through which occupational stress negatively affects our lives as well as in proposing techniques that will help individuals to enhance their coping skills in dealing with stress. This book will appeal to a broad range of professionals looking to understand and reduce the occurrence of occupational stress with its playful style, which is nevertheless grounded in scientific literature and research.
SpartanNash Company: The Amazon Warrants (A)
by Benjamin C. Esty Daniel Fisher E. Scott MayfieldAs of 12/31/21, Amazon held $22 billion of equity and warrants in related companies. In fact, it often requests a free grant of warrants when it enters into a new commercial agreement with a supplier. Over the past 20 years, Amazon has gotten warrants in almost 20 publicly traded companies and more than 75 private companies; in a few instances, it has gotten multiple grants from a single company. Combined, Amazon held $3.4 billion of warrants as of year-end 2021. This case explores one of the recent transactions in which Amazon requested warrants as part of signing a new commercial agreement with SpartanNash Company, the fifth largest food distributor in the United States. In September 2020, shortly before Tony Sarsam became CEO of SpartanNash, Amazon proposed a new 2-part agreement. The first part involved a revision to the existing commercial agreement that governed distribution of grocery items from suppliers to Amazon warehouses. The second part involved a free grant of "at-the-money" warrants to buy up to 15% of SpartanNash's shares. The warrants would vest over seven years based on Amazon's cumulative purchases from SpartanNash up to a total of $8 billion. Compared to Amazon's current spending of approximately $400 million per year, this proposal represented a significant opportunity for SpartanNash to grow with one of America's largest and fastest-growing retailers. But that opportunity came at a cost (giving Amazon warrants). Should Sarsam accept the proposal, reject it, or try to renegotiate aspects? More generally, students must assess whether this was an example of a powerful buyer exerting market power over a smaller supplier, or was it an example of a new dynamic partnership that would align interests and share gains through common ownership. In other words, was Amazon's proposal coercive, collaborative, or both?