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Missionary Translators: Translations of Christian Texts in East Asia
by Jieun Kiaer Alessandro Bianchi Giulia Falato Pia Jolliffe Kazue Mino Kyungmin YuExploring the history of missionary translation of Christian texts in East Asia, Missionary Translators offers a comparative perspective between the features of East Asian languages and the historical context of the translation. Focusing on the Bible and Christian theological works, it looks at the intersection of linguistics, translation studies, and history. This book discusses the real-life challenges faced by missionary translators in producing Christian texts in East Asian languages. Students, historians, scholars and those interested in the study of East Asian cultures or translation will find this book to be an insightful and invaluable resource.
Mississippi Sissy
by Kevin Sessums“A book I’ve been waiting for most of my life . . . by a writer who is equally at home with Flannery O’Connor and Jacqueline Susann.” —Michael Cunningham, Pulitzer Prize–winning author Mississippi Sissy is the stunning memoir from Kevin Sessums, a celebrity journalist who grew up scaring other children, hiding terrible secrets, pretending to be Arlene Frances and running wild in the South.As he grew up in Forest, Mississippi, befriended by the family maid, Mattie May, he became a young man who turned the word “sissy” on its head, just as his mother taught him. In Jackson, he is befriended by Eudora Welty and journalist Frank Hains, but when Hains is brutally murdered in his antebellum mansion, Kevin’s long road north towards celebrity begins. In his memoir, Kevin Sessums brings to life the pungent American south of the 1960s and the world of the strange little boy who grew there.“Mississippi Sissy is an unforgettable memoir. I think it will strike a strong chord with many, many readers. It’s a far different book than Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil, but it cast the same kind of spell over me while I was reading it.” —Mark Childress, author of Georgia Bottoms“What a writer! What honesty! Kevin Sessums seamlessly weaves his heart-breaking, funny, outrageous, can’t-put-it-down story. Read it! Read it! Read it! Then read it again.” —Ellen DeGeneres“Kevin Sessums is a brilliant writer. He is also a courageous one. Mississippi Sissy is beautifully told—hilarious yet harrowing, tragic yet inspiring. This book will deeply touch anyone who has ever felt different, which means every single one of us.” —E. Lynn Harris, New York Times–bestselling author
Mistakes Authors Make: Essential Steps for Achieving Success as an Author
by Rick Frishman Bret Ridgway Bryan Hane&“Features 50 of the most common errors book authors make in writing, publishing, and promoting their books.&” —John Kremer, author of 1001 Ways to Market Your Books The publishing landscape can be a tricky one to navigate. There are so many aspects to authoring and publishing a book that it&’s easy for you to make critical mistakes that can set you off course and significantly decrease your chances for success. How many of the 50 biggest author mistakes are you making? When you learn to avoid them, you can greatly enhance your chances for success in the publishing world. In this insider&’s look at the worlds of publishing and book marketing coauthors Rick Frishman, Bret Ridgway, and Bryan Hane bring their 65 combined years of experience in the publishing world to you and share their secrets to success. You&’ll learn: How to master media and other key marketing channels authors should useKeys to capturing the browsing buyer in bookstores and onlineThe new publishing landscape and how it impacts youHow to increase the readability of your book so readers keep coming backHow your book is the key piece of your own information marketing empireAnd much, much more &“If you want to write a book or make sure that your book is a smashing success read this now and take action! You&’ll be amazed at the difference it will make in your success!&” —John Assaraf, New York Times–bestselling author of Innercise and The Answer &“I LOVE the book so far! Clear-concise-comprehensive with practical info the aspiring author needs!&” —Laura Venecia Rodriguez, author of Yoga at Home
Mister Pulitzer and the Spider: Modern News from Realism to the Digital
by Kevin G BarnhurstA spidery network of mobile online media has supposedly changed people, places, time, and their meanings. A prime case is the news. Digital webs seem to have trapped "legacy media," killing off newspapers and journalists' jobs. Did news businesses and careers fall prey to the digital "Spider"? To solve the mystery, Kevin Barnhurst spent thirty years studying news going back to the realism of the 1800s. The usual suspects--technology, business competition, and the pursuit of scoops--are only partly to blame for the fate of news. The main culprit is modernism from the "Mister Pulitzer" era, which transformed news into an ideology called "journalism." News is no longer what audiences or experts imagine. Stories have grown much longer over the past century and now include fewer events, locations, and human beings. Background and context rule instead. News producers adopted modernism to explain the world without recognizing how modernist ideas influence the knowledge they produce. When webs of networked connectivity sparked a resurgence in realist stories, legacy news stuck to big-picture analysis that can alienate audience members accustomed to digital briefs.
Misunderstanding in Social Life: Discourse Approaches to Problematic Talk (Language In Social Life)
by Juliane House Gabriele Kasper Steven RossMisunderstanding is a pervasive phenomenon in social life, sometimes with serious consequences for people's life chances. Misunderstandings are especially hazardous in high-stakes events such as job interviews or in the legal system. In unequal power encounters, unsuccessful communication is regularly attributed to the less powerful participant, especially when those participants are members of an ethnic minority group. But even when communicative events are not prestructured by participants' differential positions in social hierarchies, misunderstandings occur at different levels of interactional and social engagement. Misunderstanding in Social Life examines such problematic talk in ordinary conversation and different institutional settings, including socializing events and story tellings, education and assessment activities, and interviews in TV news broadcasts, employment agencies, legal settings, and language testing. The analyzed interactions are located in a variety of sociocultural environments and conducted in a range of languages, including English, French, German, Hebrew, Japanese, such language varieties as Aboriginal Australian English and Maori New Zealand English, and nonnative varieties. The original studies included in this volume adopt a variety of theoretical perspectives, including discourse-pragmatic approaches, conversation analysis, interactional sociolinguistics, social constructionism, tropological and narrative analysis. They represent multiple views of misunderstanding as a multilayered discourse event.
Misunderstanding the Internet (Communication and Society)
by James Curran Des Freedman Natalie FentonThe growth of the internet has been spectacular. There are now more than 3 billion internet users across the globe, some 40 per cent of the world’s population. The internet’s meteoric rise is a phenomenon of enormous significance for the economic, political and social life of contemporary societies. However, much popular and academic writing about the internet continues to take a celebratory view, assuming that the internet’s potential will be realised in essentially positive and transformative ways. This was especially true in the euphoric moment of the mid-1990s, when many commentators wrote about the internet with awe and wonderment. While this moment may be over, its underlying technocentrism – the belief that technology determines outcomes – lingers on and, with it, a failure to understand the internet in its social, economic and political contexts. Misunderstanding the Internet is a short introduction, encompassing the history, sociology, politics and economics of the internet and its impact on society. This expanded and updated second edition is a polemical, sociologically and historically informed guide to the key claims that have been made about the online world. It aims to challenge both popular myths and existing academic orthodoxies that surround the internet.
The MIT Guide to Science and Engineering Communication, second edition
by James Paradis Muriel ZimmermanA second edition of a popular guide to scientific and technical communication, updated to reflect recent changes in computer technology.This guide covers the basics of scientific and engineering communication, including defining an audience, working with collaborators, searching the literature, organizing and drafting documents, developing graphics, and documenting sources. The documents covered include memos, letters, proposals, progress reports, other types of reports, journal articles, oral presentations, instructions, and CVs and resumes. Throughout, the authors provide realistic examples from actual documents and situations. The materials, drawn from the authors' experience teaching scientific and technical communication, bridge the gap between the university novice and the seasoned professional. In the five years since the first edition was published, communication practices have been transformed by computer technology. Today, most correspondence is transmitted electronically, proposals are submitted online, reports are distributed to clients through intranets, journal articles are written for electronic transmission, and conference presentations are posted on the Web. Every chapter of the book reflects these changes. The second edition also includes a compact Handbook of Style and Usage that provides guidelines for sentence and paragraph structure, punctuation, and usage and presents many examples of strategies for improved style.
Mitreißend sprechen wie Obama: Wie Sie Emotionen und Storytelling nutzen, um Ihr Publikum zu begeistern
by Inés HoelterDieses Buch zeigt, wie Sie im Beruf authentisch sprechen und Menschen überzeugen – gerade dann, wenn es wirklich drauf ankommt. Inés Hoelter, renommierte Sprechtrainerin und Medienprofi, beschreibt anschaulich, wie durch Sprechduktus und die begleitende Gestik Emotionen erzeugt werden, die ZuhörerInnen mitreißen. Vom klassischen Aufbau einer guten Rede bis hin zur Bedeutung von Storytelling und der Heldenreise lernen Sie die Basics der perfekten Perfomance kennen. Darüber hinaus erläutert die Autorin anhand neurowissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse, warum bestimmte Taktiken besser wirken als andere und warum manche Reden in den Köpfen der Zuhörer besonders lange nachhallen. Ein Muss für alle, die mit ihrer Performance im Konferenzraum oder auf der Bühne in die nächste Liga aufsteigen wollen.
Mixed Media: Moral Distinctions in Advertising, Public Relations, and Journalism
by Tom Bivins Thomas BivinsMixed Media offers students of journalism, advertising, and public relations the tools for making ethical and moral decisions within their professional disciplines. The fourth edition of this popular text features more recent ethical theories that acknowledge and address intersectionality within the communicative landscape, including issues of gender, race, ability, and age. The author also takes into account today’s rapidly expanding technology, touching on subjects such as free speech, censorship, cancel culture, and misinformation, and considers how each of these is affected by online and social media. Other updates to the text include expanded coverage of citizen journalism, the increasing media use of artificial intelligence and virtual reality, power in communicative structures, and public interest, as well as refreshed examples throughout. As in previous editions of the book, special attention is paid to key ethical decision-making approaches and concerns in each media industry, including but not limited to truth telling, constituent obligations, persuasion versus advocacy, and respect for the consumers of public communication. Mixed Media is key reading for students of all branches of Media and Communication Ethics. The author's own website, featuring lecture notes, case studies and links to further reading, can be accessed at www.j397mediaethics.weebly.com.
Mixed Media in Contemporary American Literature: Voices Gone Viral (Routledge Research in American Literature and Culture)
by Joelle MannMixed Media in Contemporary American Literature: Voices Gone Viral investigates the formation and formulation of the contemporary novel through a historical analysis of voice studies and media studies. After situating research through voices of nineteenth- and twentieth-century American literature, this book examines the expressions of a multi-media vocality, examining the interactions among cultural polemics, aesthetic forms, and changing media in the twenty-first century. The novel studies shown here trace the ways in which the viral aesthetics of the contemporary novel move language out of context, recontextualizing human testimony by galvanizing mixed media forms that shape contemporary literature in our age of networks. Through readings of American authors such as Claudia Rankine, David Foster Wallace, Jennifer Egan, Junot Díaz, Michael Chabon, Joseph O’Neill, Michael Cunningham, and Colum McCann, the book considers how voice acts as a site where identities combine, conform, and are questioned relationally. By listening to and tracing the spoken and unspoken voices of the novel, the author identifies a politics of listening and speaking in our mediated, informational society.
Mixed Messages: Mediating Native Belonging in Asian Russia
by Kathryn E. GraberFocusing on language and media in Asian Russia, particularly in Buryat territories, Mixed Messages engages debates about the role of minority media in society, alternative visions of modernity, and the impact of media on everyday language use. Graber demonstrates that language and the production, circulation, and consumption of media are practices by which residents of the region perform and negotiate competing possible identities. What languages should be used in newspapers, magazines, or radio and television broadcasts? Who should produce them? What kinds of publics are and are not possible through media? How exactly do discourses move into, out of, and through the media to affect everyday social practices? Mixed Messages addresses these questions through a rich ethnography of the Russian Federation's Buryat territories, a multilingual and multiethnic region on the Mongolian border with a complex relationship to both Europe and Asia.Mixed Messages shows that belonging in Asian Russia is a dynamic process that one cannot capture analytically by using straightforward categories of ethnolinguistic identity.
Mixed News: The Public/civic/communitarian Journalism Debate (Routledge Communication Series)
by Jay BlackThis volume addresses some of the central issues of journalism today -- the nature and needs of the individual versus the nature and needs of the broader society; theories of communitarianism versus Enlightenment liberalism; independence versus interdependence (vs. co-dependency); negative versus positive freedoms; Constitutional mandates versus marketplace mandates; universal ethical issues versus situational and/or professional values; traditional values versus information age values; ethics of management versus ethics of worker bees; commitment and compassion versus detachment and professional "distance;" conflicts of interest versus conflicted disinterest; and "talking to" versus "talking with." All of these issues are discussed within the framework of the frenetic field of daily journalism--a field that operates at a pace and under a set of professional standards that all but preclude careful, systematic examinations of its own rituals and practices. The explorations presented here not only advance the enterprise, but also help student and professional observers to work through some of the most perplexing dilemmas to have faced the news media and public in recent times. This lively volume showcases the differing opinions of journalistic experts on this significant contemporary issue in public life. Unlike previous books and monographs which have tended toward unbridled enthusiasm about public journalism, and trade press articles which have tended toward pessimism, this book offers strong voices on several sides of this complex debate. To help inform the debate, a series of "voices"--journalistic interviews with practitioners and critics of public journalism -- is interspersed throughout the text. At the end of each essay, a series of quotes from a wide variety of sources -- "In other words..." -- augments each chapter with ideas and insights that support and contradict the points used by each chapter author.
Mixing and Unmixing Languages: Romani Multilingualism in Kosovo (Routledge Studies in Language and Identity)
by Amelia AbercrombieMixing and Unmixing Languages uses the politics and practices of language to understand social hierarchies and social change in a post-conflict and post-socialist context. The book focuses on Roma in Prizren, Kosovo, where the author conducted long-term ethnographic fieldwork, using language learning as a central method. Shifts in language practices among this highly multilingual group have reflected the demise of Yugoslav socialism, the rise of ethno-nationalist politics and conflict, and the post-war reversal of power relations in Kosovo. Roma in Prizren nostalgically narrate a past of cosmopolitanism and employment in contrast to the present. Their position today is complex: while they stress their relative integration, this position is fragile in the face of nationalist politics and imported neoliberal economic policies. Within this context, Roma NGO workers have found an economic niche working on projects to protect multiculturalism and minorities, funded by international aid agencies, centred on Romani language. This book discusses the historical trajectory and current configurations of a Romani organisation in the town, the standardisation of Romani and the hierarchical organisation of linguistic forms and language learning, the self-representation of Roma and the ‘gypsy’ image through Romani-language drama, and attitudes to purism, mixing and cosmopolitanism. Mixing and Unmixing Languages is suitable for academics and students in the areas of linguistic anthropology and linguistic ethnography, Romani studies, South-East European studies and sociolinguistics.
MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing (3rd Edition)
by The Modern Language Association of AmericaA complete, up-to-date guide for writing scholarly texts, documenting research sources, submitting manuscripts to publishers, and dealing with legal issues surrounding publication.
mmWave Massive MIMO Vehicular Communications (Wireless Networks)
by Xiang Cheng Shijian Gao Liuqing YangThis book proposes promising mmWave solutions to promoting safe and reliable vehicular communications. The authors include topics such as channel estimation, multi-user transceiver design, and advanced index modulation. For channel estimation, unique channel properties and hybrid structures are first introduced, followed by the development of a doubly-sparse doubly-selective channel estimator. For multi-user transceiver design, the concept of hybrid block diagonalization (HBD) is first introduced, followed by a generic HBD-based transceiver design to maximize the system capacity. For advanced index modulation, the generalized beamspace modulation for uplink multi-user scenarios are first introduced, followed by the precoded beamspace modulation for the downlink. Finally, this book discusses open problems and future research directions to inspire further studies in the field of mmWave vehicular communications.
Mobile Ad Hoc Networking
by Marco Conti Stefano Basagni Silvia Giordano Ivan Stojmenovic"An excellent book for those who are interested in learning the current status of research and development . . . [and] who want to get a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art."--E-StreamsThis book provides up-to-date information on research and development in the rapidly growing area of networks based on the multihop ad hoc networking paradigm. It reviews all classes of networks that have successfully adopted this paradigm, pointing out how they penetrated the mass market and sparked breakthrough research.Covering both physical issues and applications, Mobile Ad Hoc Networking: Cutting Edge Directions offers useful tools for professionals and researchers in diverse areas wishing tolearn about the latest trends in sensor, actuator, and robot networking, mesh networks, delay tolerant and opportunistic networking, and vehicular networks.Chapter coverage includes:Multihop ad hoc networkingEnabling technologies and standards for mobile multihop wireless networkingResource optimization in multiradio multichannel wireless mesh networksQoS in mesh networksRouting and data dissemination in opportunistic networksTask farming in crowd computingMobility models, topology, and simulations in VANETMAC protocols for VANETWireless sensor networks with energy harvesting nodesRobot-assisted wireless sensor networks: recent applications and future challengesAdvances in underwater acoustic networkingSecurity in wireless ad hoc networksMobile Ad Hoc Networking will appeal to researchers, developers, and students interested in computer science, electrical engineering, and telecommunications.
Mobile Agents in Networking and Distributed Computing
by Sajal K. Das Jiannong CaoThe book focuses on mobile agents, which are computer programs that can autonomously migrate between network sites. This text introduces the concepts and principles of mobile agents, provides an overview of mobile agent technology, and focuses on applications in networking and distributed computing.
Mobile and Social Media Journalism: A Practical Guide
by Anthony C. AdornatoA Practical Guide for Multimedia Journalism Mobile and Social Media Journalism is the go-to guide for understanding how today&’s journalists and news organizations use mobile and social media to gather news, distribute content, and create audience engagement. Checklists and practical activities in every chapter enable readers to immediately build the mobile and social media skills that today&’s journalists need and news organizations expect. In addition to providing the fundamentals of mobile and social media journalism, award-winning communications professional and author Anthony Adornato discusses how mobile devices and social media have changed the way our audiences consume news and what that means for journalists. The book addresses a changing media landscape by emphasizing the application of the core values of journalism—such as authentication, verification, and credibility—to emerging media tools and strategies.
Mobile and Social Media Journalism: A Practical Guide
by Anthony C. AdornatoA Practical Guide for Multimedia Journalism Mobile and Social Media Journalism is the go-to guide for understanding how today’s journalists and news organizations use mobile and social media to gather news, distribute content, and create audience engagement. Checklists and practical activities in every chapter enable readers to immediately build the mobile and social media skills that today’s journalists need and news organizations expect. In addition to providing the fundamentals of mobile and social media journalism, award-winning communications professional and author Anthony Adornato discusses how mobile devices and social media have changed the way our audiences consume news and what that means for journalists. The book addresses a changing media landscape by emphasizing the application of the core values of journalism—such as authentication, verification, and credibility—to emerging media tools and strategies.
Mobile and Wireless Technology 2018: International Conference on Mobile and Wireless Technology (ICMWT 2018) (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering #513)
by Hyuncheol Kim Kuinam J. KimThis book presents peer-reviewed contributions from the 5th International Conference on Mobile and Wireless Technology (ICMWT 2018), held June 25-27, 2018 in Hong Kong. This conference provided researchers and practitioners from both academia and industry with a platform to keep them abreast of cutting-edge developments in the field. The book includes papers on mobile and wireless networks and their applications, the increasingly important security issues relating to mobile and wireless systems, data management, as well as the latest developments in mobile software development, and multimedia and wireless communications.
Mobile Big Data (Wireless Networks)
by Xiang Cheng Luoyang Fang Liuqing Yang Shuguang CuiThis book provides a comprehensive picture of mobile big data starting from data sources to mobile data driven applications. Mobile Big Data comprises two main components: an overview of mobile big data, and the case studies based on real-world data recently collected by one of the largest mobile network carriers in China. In the first component, four areas of mobile big data life cycle are surveyed: data source and collection, transmission, computing platform and applications. In the second component, two case studies are provided, based on the signaling data collected in the cellular core network in terms of subscriber privacy evaluation and demand forecasting for network management. These cases respectively give a vivid demonstration of what mobile big data looks like, and how it can be analyzed and mined to generate useful and meaningful information and knowledge. This book targets researchers, practitioners and professors relevant to this field. Advanced-level students studying computer science and electrical engineering will also be interested in this book as supplemental reading.
Mobile Broadcasting with WiMAX: Principles, Technology, and Applications (Focal Press Media Technology Professional Ser.)
by Amitabh KumarWritten exclusively from broadcasters perspective, Mobile Broadcasting with WiMAX will help you move ahead in the use of WiMAX technologies. Whether you are an engineer, content provider, manager, or operator and planning such services, this book helps you understand the dimensions of this new medium and integration of communication, broadcasting and Multimedia technologies. The book oulines migrating to a new generation of broadcasting which integrates the Mobile, Wireless and Fixed network domains, then gives you a complete picture on what is happening in the field.The book is divided into five parts as follows:PART I Gives an introduction to Broadband Wireless Technologies and Mobile WiMAX. Wi-Fi including 802.11a,b,n and g, WiMAX technologies with focus on Mobile WiMAX 802.16e, and provides a global overview of deployment of Wireless broadband networks.PART-II is about Mobile Multimedia broadcasting and Mobile TV technologies, based on both cellular and broadband wireless. PART III covers Resources for Mobile multimedia broadcasting and comprises of four structured chapters on Spectrum for WiMAX networks, WiMAX terrestrial broadcasting networks, client devices for WiMAX and an update of on chipsets developments. Part IV is devoted to the Network Architectures and the integration of WiMAX with other networks, both fixed and mobile. Part V deals with Software architectures and Applications which help the process of mobile multimedia broadcasting. Case studies of prominent networks are given with country specific examples.
Mobile Communication: Bringing Us Together and Tearing Us Apart (Digital Media And Society Ser. #31)
by Scott CampbellMobile Communication covers a wide range of topics. These include the replacement of co-present interaction with mediated contact and analysis of mobile-based cohesion and gender. The authors also explore the role of media choice and its effect on the quality as well as quantity of social cohesion. Other topics include mobile communication and communities of interest; and mobile communication, cohesion, and youth.This volume brings together scholars from around the world to consider how mobile communication both builds and destroys our sense of social cohesion. There is no question that uses of technology can lead to increased cohesion within personal communities. For example, this volume includes research on caravan couples in Australia, factory workers in China, young couples in Germany, citizens in Slovenia, and sports clubs in Ireland. It also includes research on drunken calls between university students in the US, calls of international students in Switzerland and communications between immigrant women in Melbourne, Australia.However, the contributors also argue that as social networks become inundated with mobile communication users, these users may become increasingly isolated and social division can ensue.
Mobile Communication: Dimensions of Social Policy
by James E. KatzIn the few short decades since their commercial deployment, 5 billion people—about three-quarters of all humanity, including children—have become mobile phone users. No technology has even approached the mobile phone's wildfire success. Effects of this success are apparent everywhere, ranging from accident scenes and earthquake rescue efforts to demeanor in the classroom and at dinner tables. No one interested in the next generation of issues provoked by the mobile communication revolution will want to miss this important new collection of essays.The mobile phone has given near-transcendent power to ordinary people. All aspects of social life have been touched by mobile technology. An ever-growing host of tracking, immersion, gaming, and commercial applications are becoming available. The community of mobile communication scholars has blossomed from a handful of pioneers a decade ago to a large and dynamic intellectual community that spans the globe. Area researchers have gained much insight into cultural, symbolic, and social interaction aspects of mobile communication as well as its relevance to commerce.To address the social policy dimension of the mobile communication revolution, this volume presents analyses by leading thinkers in the field. The volume offers novel and keen insights into the topic. Subjects include the role of mobiles in policy formation and evaluation in several areas including the mobile-digital divide and political campaigns. Also explored are processes and policy implications of mobiles in creating or alleviating social problems including social isolation and family dispersion. Other chapters analyze social policies for mobile devices, including attempts to regulate the use of the technology and to understand and moderate its potential harm to human health. The contributors' scope ranges across five continents and they address concerns at local, national, and international levels.
Mobile Communication and Greater China (Routledge Research on Social Work, Social Policy and Social Development in Greater China)
by Rodney Wai-chi Chu Leopoldina Fortunati Pui-Lam Law Shanhua YangThis edited volume is the first book-length study focusing entirely on mobile phone use in China. Drawing on examples from a wide range of contemporary situations in China and beyond, the contributors argue that the mobile phone is in fact an important means by which one can understand a rapidly changing China, and the developing culture of mobile phone usage reflects both the cultural norms and struggle of the people. Through a theoretical comparison of usage in the West and in China, the editors assert the uniqueness of China’s experience, highlighting that Chinese society is being exposed simultaneously to a rapid process of industrialization and cyberization. The contributors maintain that such density of experience under a compressed period combined with a thick cultural heritage and a country still under a dictating rule provides a unique situation and offers deep insights into Chinese culture in general. This work will be of great interest to all students and scholars of Asian communication studies, ICT and Chinese culture and society.