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Atlas of AI: Power, Politics, and the Planetary Costs of Artificial Intelligence
by Kate CrawfordThe hidden costs of artificial intelligence, from natural resources and labor to privacy, equality, and freedom&“Eloquent, clear and profound—this volume is a classic for our times. It draws our attention away from the bright shiny objects of the new colonialism through elucidating the social, material and political dimensions of Artificial Intelligence.&”—Geoffrey C. Bowker, University of California, Irvine What happens when artificial intelligence saturates political life and depletes the planet? How is AI shaping our understanding of ourselves and our societies? In this book Kate Crawford reveals how this planetary network is fueling a shift toward undemocratic governance and increased racial, gender, and economic inequality. Drawing on more than a decade of research, award‑winning science, and technology, Crawford reveals how AI is a technology of extraction: from the energy and minerals needed to build and sustain its infrastructure, to the exploited workers behind &“automated&” services, to the data AI collects from us. Rather than taking a narrow focus on code and algorithms, Crawford offers us a political and a material perspective on what it takes to make artificial intelligence and where it goes wrong. While technical systems present a veneer of objectivity, they are always systems of power. This is an urgent account of what is at stake as technology companies use artificial intelligence to reshape the world.
Atomic Bill: A Journalist's Dangerous Ambition in the Shadow of the Bomb
by Vincent KiernanIn Atomic Bill, Vincent Kiernan examines the fraught career of New York Times science journalist, William L. Laurence and shows his professional and personal lives to be a cautionary tale of dangerous proximity to power. Laurence was fascinated with atomic science and its militarization. When the Manhattan Project drew near to perfecting the atomic bomb, he was recruited to write much of the government's press materials that were distributed on the day that Hiroshima was obliterated. That instantly crowned Laurence as one of the leading journalistic experts on the atomic bomb. As the Cold War dawned, some assessed Laurence as a propagandist defending the militarization of atomic energy. For others, he was a skilled science communicator who provided the public with a deep understanding of the atomic bomb. Laurence leveraged his perch at the Times to engage in paid speechmaking, book writing, filmmaking, and radio broadcasting. His work for the Times declined in quality even as his relationships with people in power grew closer and more lucrative. Atomic Bill reveals extraordinary ethical lapses by Laurence such as a cheating scandal at Harvard University and plagiarizing from press releases about atomic bomb tests in the Pacific. In 1963 a conflict of interest related to the 1964 World's Fair in New York City led to his forced retirement from the Times. Kiernan shows Laurence to have set the trend, common among today's journalists of science and technology, to prioritize gee-whiz coverage of discoveries. That approach, in which Laurence served the interests of governmental official and scientists, recommends a full revision of our understanding of the dawn of the atomic era.
Atravesando Fronteras
by Jorge RamosRelato autobiográfico. Revela toda clase de detalles sobre la vida del famoso periodista Jorge Ramos. Por primera vez, este prestigiado presentador de noticias en Español comparte anécdotas conocidas y ocultas de su existencia con los lectores, televidentes y radioescuchas que han seguido atentos su despuntante carrera profesional. Descubrimos aquí al hombre cuya atracción por las emociones fuertes lo ha puesto reiteradamente en peligro, y cuyo sentido del humor lo ha salvado de las situaciones más incómodas. Padre, reportero, esposo e hijo; todas sus facetas se describen aquí, sin escatimar recursos. El sentido aventurero y práctico del protagonista nos brindará con la lectura, además, una excelente lección de vida. Los pasajes intensamente contados en el libro nos permitirán viajar de la mano de una persona que se confiesa itinerante; ofreciendo, por lo tanto, un amplio archivo emocional de vivencias recogidas de múltiples lugares y encuentros con los más variados y controversiales personajes del planeta.
Attached: The New Science of Adult Attachment and How It Can Help You Find--and Keep-- Love
by Rachel Heller Amir Levine&“Over a decade after its publication, one book on dating has people firmly in its grip.&”—The New York TimesWe already rely on science to tell us what to eat, when to exercise, and how long to sleep. Why not use science to help us improve our relationships? In this revolutionary book, psychiatrist and neuroscientist Dr. Amir Levine and Rachel Heller scientifically explain why some people seem to navigate relationships effortlessly, while others struggle.Discover how an understanding of adult attachment—the most advanced relationship science in existence today—can help us find and sustain love. Pioneered by psychologist John Bowlby in the 1950s, the field of attachment posits that each of us behaves in relationships in one of three distinct ways: • Anxious people are often preoccupied with their relationships and tend to worry about their partner's ability to love them back. • Avoidant people equate intimacy with a loss of independence and constantly try to minimize closeness. • Secure people feel comfortable with intimacy and are usually warm and loving.Attached guides readers in determining what attachment style they and their mate (or potential mate) follow, offering a road map for building stronger, more fulfilling connections with the people they love.
Attack from Within: How Disinformation Is Sabotaging America
by Barbara McQuadeA NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLERAn urgent, comprehensive explanation of the ways disinformation is impacting democracy, and practical solutions that can be pursued to strengthen the public, media, and truth-based politicsMSNBC's legal expert breaks down the ways disinformation has become a tool to drive voters to extremes, disempower our legal structures, and consolidate power in the hands of the few."One of the most acute observers of our time shares . . . a compelling work about a challenge that—left unexamined and left unchecked—could undermine our democracy." —Eric H. Holder Jr, 82nd Attorney General of the United StatesAmerican society is more polarized than ever before. We are strategically being pushed apart by disinformation—the deliberate spreading of lies disguised as truth—and it comes at us from all sides: opportunists on the far right, Russian misinformed social media influencers, among others. It's endangering our democracy and causing havoc in our electoral system, schools, hospitals, workplaces, and in our Capitol. Advances in technology including rapid developments in artificial intelligence threaten to make the problems even worse by amplifying false claims and manufacturing credibility.In Attack from Within, legal scholar and analyst Barbara McQuade, shows us how to identify the ways disinformation is seeping into all facets of our society and how we can fight against it. The book includes: The authoritarian playbook: a brief history of disinformation from Mussolini and Hitler to Bolsonaro and Trump, chronicles the ways in which authoritarians have used disinformation to seize and retain power.Disinformation tactics—like demonizing the other, seducing with nostalgia, silencing critics, muzzling the media, condemning the courts; stoking violence—and reasons why they work.An explanation of why America is particularly vulnerable to disinformation and how it exploits our First Amendment Freedoms, sparks threats and violence, and destabilizes social structures.Real, accessible solutions for countering disinformation and maintaining the rule of law such as making domestic terrorism a federal crime, increasing media literacy in schools, criminalizing doxxing, and much more.Disinformation is designed to evoke a strong emotional response to push us toward more extreme views, unable to find common ground with others. The false claims that led to the breathtaking attack on our Capitol in 2021 may have been only a dress rehearsal. Attack from Within shows us how to prevent it from happening again, thus preserving our country&’s hard-won democracy.
Attacking Judges: How Campaign Advertising Influences State Supreme Court Elections
by Melinda Gann HallNasty, below-the-belt campaigns, mudslinging, and character attacks. These tactics have become part and parcel of today's election politics in America, and judicial elections are no exception. Attacking Judges takes a close look at the effects of televised advertising, including harsh attacks, on state supreme court elections. Author Melinda Gann Hall investigates whether these divisive elections have damaging consequences for representative democracy. To do this, Hall focuses on two key aspects of those elections: the vote shares of justices seeking reelection and the propensity of state electorates to vote. In doing so, Attacking Judges explores vital dimensions of the conventional wisdom that campaign politics has deleterious consequences for judges, voters, and state judiciaries. Countering the prevailing wisdom with empirically based conclusions, Hall uncovers surprising and important insights, including new revelations on how attack ads influence public engagement with judicial elections and their relative effectiveness in various types of state elections. Attacking Judges is a testament to the power of institutions in American politics and the value of empirical political science research in helping to inform some of the most significant debates on the public agenda. This book's results smartly contest and eradicate many of the fears judicial reformers have about the damaging effects of campaign negativity in modern state supreme court elections.
Attention Deficit Disorder: Diagnosis And Treatment From Infancy To Adulthood (Basic Principles Into Practice Ser. #Vol. 13)
by Patricia O. QuinnPublished in 1996, Attention Deficit Disorder is a valuable contribution to the field of Psychiatry/Clinical Psychology.
Attraction of Knowledge Celebrities: How They Motivate Users to Pay for Knowledge (China Perspectives)
by Xiaoyu ChenThis book examines the phenomenon of knowledge celebrities, an emerging group of social media influencers who produce and sell knowledge products online. Its primary goal is to investigate the reasons and strategies behind their ability to attract users and persuade them to purchase knowledge products on digital platforms. With the increasing demand for high-quality content from online users, various platforms have emerged as pay-for-knowledge platforms, allowing knowledge celebrities to monetize their expertise. This book draws on theoretical frameworks from information science, communication and management to provide insights into this phenomenon and to examine the practices and individuals involved. Building on existing scholarship and analyzing case studies in China, this book presents the background, basic concepts and understanding of knowledge celebrities. It then explores the three key factors that contribute to the attractiveness of knowledge celebrities, as well as the motivations and mechanisms behind pay-for-knowledge practices. Finally, the book offers a glimpse into the future landscape of knowledge celebrities and pay-for-knowledge platforms. The book will be valuable to scholars, students, and practitioners in information, communication and media studies. In particular, it will appeal to those interested in topics such as knowledge celebrities, the creator economy and knowledge management.
Audience Analysis
by Professor Denis McQuailDenis McQuail provides a coherent and succinct account of the concept of "media audience" in terms of its history and its place in present-day media theory and research. McQuail describes and explains the main types of audience and the main traditions and fields of audience research. Audience Analysis explains the contrast between social scientific and humanistic approaches and gives due weight to the view "from the audience" as well as the view "from the media." McQuail summarizes key research findings and assesses the impact of new media developments, especially transnationalization and new interactive technology. The book concludes with an evaluation of the continued relevance of the audience concept under conditions of rapid m
Audience Engagement And The Role Of Arts Talk In The Digital Era
by Lynne ConnerThis book offers readers an understanding of the theoretical framework for the concept of Arts Talk, provides historical background and a review of current thinking about the interpretive process, and, most importantly, provides ideas and insights into building audience-centered and audience-powered conversations about the arts.
Audience Evolution: New Technologies and the Transformation of Media Audiences
by Philip M. NapoliToday's consumers have unprecedented choice in terms of the technologies and platforms that access, produce, and distribute media content. The development and overlap of television, the internet, and other media technologies is fragmenting and empowering media audiences more than ever. <P><P>Building on his award-winning book, Audience Economics, Philip M. Napoli maps the landscape of our current media environment and describes its challenge to traditional conceptions of the audience. He examines the redefinition of the industry-audience relationship by technologies that have moved the audience marketplace beyond traditional metrics. Media providers, advertisers, and audience measurement firms now deploy more sophisticated tools to gather and analyze audience information, focusing on factors rarely considered before, such as appreciation, recall, engagement, and behavior. Napoli explores the interplay between political and economic interests in the audience marketplace and their effect on audience evolution. He recounts the battles waged between stakeholders over the assessment of media audiences and their efforts to restrict the functionality of new technologies. As Napoli makes clear, the very meaning of the media audience continues to evolve in response to changing technological, economic, and political conditions.
Audience Feedback in the News Media (Routledge Research in Journalism)
by Bill ReaderAs long as there has been news media, there has been audience feedback. This book provides the first definitive history of the evolution of audience feedback, from the early newsbooks of the 16th century to the rough-and-tumble online forums of the modern age. In addition to tracing the historical development of audience feedback, the book considers how news media has changed its approach to accommodating audience participation, and explores how audience feedback can serve the needs of both individuals and collectives in democratic society. Reader writes from a position of authority, having worked as a "letters to the editor" editor and has written numerous research articles and professional essays on the topic over the past 15 years.
Audience of One: Donald Trump, Television And The Fracturing Of America
by James PoniewozikOne of the Top 10 Politics and Current Events Books of Fall 2019 (Publishers Weekly) An incisive cultural history that captures a fractious nation through the prism of television and the rattled mind of a celebrity president. Television has entertained America, television has ensorcelled America, and with the election of Donald J. Trump, television has conquered America. In Audience of One, New York Times chief television critic James Poniewozik traces the history of TV and mass media from the Reagan era to today, explaining how a volcanic, camera-hogging antihero merged with America’s most powerful medium to become our forty-fifth president. In the tradition of Neil Postman’s masterpiece Amusing Ourselves to Death, Audience of One shows how American media have shaped American society and politics, by interweaving two crucial stories. The first story follows the evolution of television from the three-network era of the 20th century, which joined millions of Americans in a shared monoculture, into today’s zillion-channel, Internet-atomized universe, which sliced and diced them into fractious, alienated subcultures. The second story is a cultural critique of Donald Trump, the chameleonic celebrity who courted fame, achieved a mind-meld with the media beast, and rode it to ultimate power. Braiding together these disparate threads, Poniewozik combines a cultural history of modern America with a revelatory portrait of the most public American who has ever lived. Reaching back to the 1940s, when Trump and commercial television were born, Poniewozik illustrates how Donald became “a character that wrote itself, a brand mascot that jumped off the cereal box and entered the world, a simulacrum that replaced the thing it represented.” Viscerally attuned to the media, Trump shape-shifted into a boastful tabloid playboy in the 1980s; a self-parodic sitcom fixture in the 1990s; a reality-TV “You’re Fired” machine in the 2000s; and finally, the biggest role of his career, a Fox News–obsessed, Twitter-mad, culture-warring demagogue in the White House. Poniewozik deconstructs the chaotic Age of Trump as the 24-hour TV production that it is, decoding an era when politics has become pop culture, and vice versa. Trenchant and often slyly hilarious, Audience of One is a penetrating and sobering review of the raucous, raging, farcical reality show—performed for the benefit of an insomniac, cable-news-junkie “audience of one”—that we all came to live in, whether we liked it or not.
Audiences of Nazism: Using Media in the Third Reich (New German Historical Perspectives #13)
by Ulrike WeckelThrough its focus on audiences and their reception of media in Nazi Germany, Audiences of Nazism inverts the typical top-down perspective employed in studies that concentrate on the regime’s regulation of media and propaganda. It thereby sheds new light on the complex character of the period’s media, their uses, and the scope for audience interpretation. Contributors investigate how consumers either appropriated or ignored certain messages of Nazi propaganda, and how some even participated in its production. The authors ground their studies on novel historical sources, including private diaries and letters, photographs and films, and concert programs, which demonstrate, amongst other things, how audiences interpreted and responded to regulated news, Nazi Party rallies, and the regime’s denunciation of modern works of art as ‘degenerate.’
Audiencia con el diablo: Retrato de una Epoca de Politica, Periodismo y Poder
by Víctor Hugo MoralesUn retrato vivo, urgente pero bien pensado, de la época que nos tocavivir. ¿Por qué un empresario de la comunicación se atreve a denunciar a un periodista? ¿De qué manera puede entenderse que el dueño de un multimedios que se define como independiente, y que se dice defensor de la libertad de expresión, pretenda silenciar a un comunicador? El 8 de agosto de 2013 Héctor Magnetto, CEO del Grupo Clarín, debía verse cara a cara con Víctor Hugo Morales, a quien había denunciado ante la justicia. Aunque el encuentro entre ellos, en verdad, no se produjo, la situación reflejó como pocas el estado actual en materia de medios de comunicación. El 12 de junio de 1989 cambió la historia argentina. En La Rioja, el presidente electo, Carlos Menem, se reunía con Héctor Magnetto. Allí, juntos, delinearon el futuro del país. Desde entonces, y durante casi quince años, el Estado sería un esqueleto, devorado por las privatizaciones. Y Clarín resultaría uno de los mayores beneficiados. Para sostener las profundas desigualdades que han azotado América Latina desde hace décadas, es preciso contar con una poderosa maquinaria de construcción de subjetividad que legitime esas desigualdades. Los medios hegemónicos, con su arsenal de diarios, canales de noticias, radios y sitios de Internet, son esa maquinaria. Audiencia con el diablo narra con mirada atenta y precisa los mecanismos que los medios hegemónicos utilizan para perpetuar su dominio. Y lo hace con una escritura bella, muchas veces poética, pero llena de información y de análisis.Víctor Hugo Morales ha escrito un libro en el que las reflexiones sobre la política, el periodismo y el poder conviven con los recuerdos personales y su propia mirada del mundo.
Audio Description and Interpreting Studies: Interdisciplinary Crossroads (ISSN)
by Riccardo Moratto Cheng ZhanServing as a pioneering work, this volume offers a systematic and comprehensive exploration of the integration between Audio Description (AD) and interpreting studies.It not only sheds new light on the emerging field of AD research, but also enriches the more established discipline of interpreting studies. This volume represents an interdisciplinary endeavor to approach AD as a quasi-interpreting activity, investigating the reciprocal significance of AD and interpreting in terms of research, practice, and training. Offering eight innovative chapters written by distinguished scholars and practitioners from Europe, the USA, Australia, and Greater China specializing in AD and interpreting studies, the content encompasses a wide range of topics. These include the similarities and differences between AD and interpreting, AD practice informed by interpreting approaches, interpreter training informed by AD insights, and the utilization of interpreting research methodologies in the study of AD.Audio Description and Interpreting Studies is a valuable resource for students, scholars, and practitioners in translation and interpreting studies, particularly those with an interest in audiovisual translation (AVT) and accessible communication.
Audio Over IP: Building Pro AoIP Systems with Livewire
by Skip Pizzi Steve ChurchPosition yourself at the forefront of audio and broadcast studio technology by learning audio over IP. You will gain knowledge of IP network engineering as it applies to audio applications, and then progress to a full understanding of how equipment built on Ethernet and Internet Protocol are used in today's audio production and broadcast facilities for the transporting, mixing and processing of pro-quality audio. A chapter on integrating Voice-over IP telephony (VoIP) to pro-audio and broadcast facilities is also included. Using the popular Livewire technology, you will learn how to design, construct, configure and troubleshoot an AoIP system, including how to interface with PCs, VoIP telephone PBXs, IP codecs, and the Internet. See how AoIP systems work in practice, and discover their distinct advantages over older audio infrastructures. With its complete introduction to AoIP technology in a fun, highly readable style, this book is essential for audio professionals who want to broaden their knowledge of IP-based studio systems--or for IT experts who need to understand AoIP applications.
Audio Production Worktext
by Craig Stark Sam SaulsProviding insight into the impact media convergence has had on the radio industry, this new edition delivers an excellent introduction to the modern radio production studio, the equipment found in that studio, and the basic techniques needed to accomplish radio production work.New chapters addressing the basics of field recording, production planning, and sound for video are included, as well as a renewed emphasis on not just radio production, but audio production.Featuring a worktext format tailored for both students and teachers, self-study questions, hands-on projects, and a CD with project material, quizzes, and demonstrations of key concepts, this book offers a solid foundation for anyone who wishes to know more about radio/audio equipment and production techniques.
Audio Production Worktext: Concepts, Techniques, and Equipment
by Samuel J. Sauls Craig A. StarkAudio Production Worktext, 9th Edition provides readers the best introduction to audio and radio production. It shows how to navigate modern radio production studios and utilize the latest equipment and software. The 9th edition is updated to cover new mobile technologies, digital consoles, and audio editing apps and software, as well sound for the visual media and Internet radio. The new edition continues to include the worktext/website format tailored for both students and teachers and features like Production Tips that provide notes relevant to various audio production topics, self-study questions and projects, an updated Glossary, and an up-to-date companion website with invaluable student and instructor materials. Included in this edition are offers and features from Pro Sound Effects, FilmTVsound.com, and RadioFX, as well as updated color graphics and images throughout the text.
Audio Production Worktext: Concepts, Techniques, and Equipment
by Samuel J. Sauls Craig A. StarkNow in its tenth edition, the Audio Production Worktext offers a comprehensive introduction to audio production in radio, television, and film. This hands-on, student-friendly text demonstrates how to navigate modern radio production studios and utilize the latest equipment and software. Key chapters address production planning, the use of microphones, audio consoles, and sound production for the visual media. The reader is shown the reality of audio production both within the studio and on location. New to this edition is material covering podcasting, including online storage and distribution. The new edition also includes an updated glossary and appendix on analog and original digital applications, as well as self-study questions and projects that students can use to further enhance their learning. The accompanying instructor website has been refreshed and includes an instructor’s manual and PowerPoint images. This book remains an essential text for audio and media production students seeking a thorough introduction to the field.
Audio Production Worktext: Concepts, Techniques, and Equipment
by Samuel J. Sauls Craig A. Stark Lowery A. Woodall IIINow in its eleventh edition, Audio Production Worktext offers a comprehensive introduction to audio production in radio, podcasting, television, and film.This hands-on, student-friendly text demonstrates how to navigate modern radio production studios and utilize the latest equipment and software. Key chapters address production planning, the use of microphones, audio consoles, and sound production for visual media. The reader is shown the reality of audio production both within the studio and on location. In this new edition, chapters have been reorganized to address the growing prominence of podcasting and digital production. Thorough updates have been made to every chapter, including self-study questions and projects, and the authors continue to draw in diverse and international practitioner perspectives to help translate concepts to real-world practice.This book remains an essential text for audio and media production students seeking a thorough introduction to the field.The accompanying website for students and instructors has also been updated and includes sample syllabi, lesson plans, further study questions, test questions, and web resources, as well as images by chapter as included in the Worktext.
Audio and Speech Processing with MATLAB
by Paul HillSpeech and audio processing has undergone a revolution in preceding decades that has accelerated in the last few years generating game-changing technologies such as truly successful speech recognition systems; a goal that had remained out of reach until very recently. This book gives the reader a comprehensive overview of such contemporary speech and audio processing techniques with an emphasis on practical implementations and illustrations using MATLAB code. Core concepts are firstly covered giving an introduction to the physics of audio and vibration together with their representations using complex numbers, Z transforms and frequency analysis transforms such as the FFT. Later chapters give a description of the human auditory system and the fundamentals of psychoacoustics. Insights, results, and analyses given in these chapters are subsequently used as the basis of understanding of the middle section of the book covering: wideband audio compression (MP3 audio etc.), speech recognition and speech coding. The final chapter covers musical synthesis and applications describing methods such as (and giving MATLAB examples of) AM, FM and ring modulation techniques. This chapter gives a final example of the use of time-frequency modification to implement a so-called phase vocoder for time stretching (in MATLAB). Features A comprehensive overview of contemporary speech and audio processing techniques from perceptual and physical acoustic models to a thorough background in relevant digital signal processing techniques together with an exploration of speech and audio applications. A carefully paced progression of complexity of the described methods; building, in many cases, from first principles. Speech and wideband audio coding together with a description of associated standardised codecs (e.g. MP3, AAC and GSM). Speech recognition: Feature extraction (e.g. MFCC features), Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) and deep learning techniques such as Long Short-Time Memory (LSTM) methods. Book and computer-based problems at the end of each chapter. Contains numerous real-world examples backed up by many MATLAB functions and code.
Audio-Visual Industries and Diversity: Economics and Policies in the Digital Era (Routledge Studies in Media and Cultural Industries)
by Luis A. Albornoz Ma. Trinidad García LeivaThis book reflects critically on issues of diversity, access, and the expansion of digital technologies in audio-visual industries, particularly in terms of economics and policies. It brings together specialists in cultural diversity and media industries, presenting an international and interdisciplinary collection of essays that draw from different fields of studies – notably Communication, Economics, Political Science and Law. Among the topics discussed are: the principle of diversity as a goal of cultural and communication policies, the assessment of the UNESCO Convention on Cultural Diversity, free trade agreements and the conception of cultural goods and services they advance, the challenges faced by the production, circulation and consumption of cultural content through the Internet, the role algorithms play in the organization and functioning of online platforms, Netflix and the hegemony of global media. The approach is a critical understanding of audio-visual diversity, that aims to transcend specific issues like media ownership, ideas portrayed or modes of consumption as such, to focus on a more balanced distribution of communicative power. This volume is an essential read for scholars and researchers in Communication Studies, Economy of Culture, International Relations and International Law, as well as policy makers, journalists specialized in media and culture, and managers of public and private institutions involved in the development of cultural and communication policies. Postgraduate students will find it a key reference point.
Audiology: Science to Practice
by Steven Kramer David K. Brown<p>Audiology: Science to Practice, Third Edition is a comprehensive and challenging textbook for undergraduate students in audiology and hearing science, for graduate students beginning an AuD program, especially those who may not have a background in the subject, and for other health care professionals who would benefit by a better understanding of hearing science and audiology practices. This textbook is written in a style that tries to make new or difficult concepts relatively easy to understand. The approach is to keep it readable and to punctuate the text with useful figures and tables. <p>This textbook seeks to provide a solid foundation in hearing science and clinical audiology, and is an excellent resource for those preparing for the Audiology Praxis Exam. It also serves as a companion to the Audiology Workbook, Third Edition, by Dr. Steven Kramer and Dr. Larry Small. From science to practice, this textbook covers anatomy and physiology of the auditory and vestibular systems, acoustic properties and perception of sounds, audiometry and speech measures, audiogram interpretations, masking, outer and middle ear assessments, otoacoustic emissions and auditory brainstem responses, hearing screening, hearing aids, cochlear and other implantable devices, and auditory disorders supported with expected audiologic data. The reader is also introduced to the profession of audiology and what it means to work as an audiologist. Where appropriate, variations in procedures for pediatrics are presented.</p>
Audiovisual Archives: Digital Text and Discourse Analysis
by Peter StockingerToday, audiovisual archives and libraries have become very popular especially in the field of collecting, preserving and transmitting cultural heritage. However, the data in these archives or libraries - videos, images, soundtracks, etc. - constitute as such only potential cognitive resources for a given public (or “target community”). One of the most crucial issues of digital audiovisual libraries is indeed to enable users to actively appropriate audiovisual resources for their own concern (in research, education or any other professional or non-professional context). This means, an adaptation of the audiovisual data to the specific needs of a user or user group can be represented by small and closed "communities" as well as by networks of open communities around the globe. "Active appropriation" is, basically speaking, the use of existing digital audiovisual resources by users or user communities according to their expectations, needs, interests or desires. This process presupposes: 1) the definition and development of models or "scenarios" of cognitive processing of videos by the user; 2) the availability of tools necessary for defining, developing, reusing and sharing meta-linguistic resources such as thesauruses, ontologies or description models by users or user communities. Both aspects are central to the so-called semiotic turn in dealing with digital (audiovisual) texts, corpora of texts or again entire (audiovisual) archives and libraries. They demonstrate practically and theoretically the well-known “from data to metadata” or “from (simple) information to (relevant) knowledge” problem, which obviously directly influences the effective use, social impact and relevancy, and therefore also the future, of digital knowledge archives. This book offers a systematic, comprehensive approach to these questions from a theoretical as well as practical point of view. Contents Part 1. The Practical, Technical and Theoretical Context 1. Analysis of an Audiovisual Resource. 2. The Audiovisual Semiotic Workshop (ASW) Studio – A Brief Presentation. 3. A Concrete Example of a Model for Describing Audiovisual Content. 4. Model of Description and Task of Analysis. Part 2. Tasks in Analyzing an Audiovisual Corpus 5. The Analytical Task of “Describing the Knowledge Object”. 6. The Analytical Task of “Contextualizing the Domain of Knowledge”. 7. The Analytical Task of “Analyzing the Discourse Production around a Subject”. Part 3. Procedures of Description 8. Definition of the Domain of Knowledge and Configuration of the Topical Structure. 9. The Procedure of Free Description of an Audiovisual Corpus. 10. The Procedure of Controlled Description of an Audiovisual Corpus. Part 4. The ASW System of Metalinguistic Resources 11. An Overview of the ASW Metalinguistic Resources. 12. The Meta-lexicon Representing the ASW Universe of Discourse.