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Translation Tools and Technologies (Routledge Introductions to Translation and Interpreting)
by Andrew Rothwell Joss Moorkens María Fernández-Parra Joanna Drugan Frank AustermuehlTo trainee translators and established professionals alike, the range of tools and technologies now available, and the speed with which they change, can seem bewildering. This state-of-the-art, copiously illustrated textbook offers a straightforward and practical guide to translation tools and technologies. Demystifying the workings of computer-assisted translation (CAT) and machine translation (MT) technologies, Translation Tools and Technologies offers clear step-by-step guidance on how to choose suitable tools (free or commercial) for the task in hand and quickly get up to speed with them, using examples from a wide range of languages. Translator trainers will also find it invaluable when constructing or updating their courses. This unique book covers many topics in addition to text translation. These include the history of the technologies, project management, terminology research and corpora, audiovisual translation, website, software and games localisation, and quality assurance. Professional workflows are at the heart of the narrative, and due consideration is also given to the legal and ethical questions arising from the reuse of translation data. With targeted suggestions for further reading at the end of each chapter to guide users in deepening their knowledge, this is the essential textbook for all courses in translation and technology within translation studies and translator training. Additional resources are available on the Routledge Translation Studies Portal.
Translation under Fascism
by Christopher Rundle Kate SturgeThe history of translation has focused on literary work but this book demonstrates the way in which political control can influence and be influenced by translation choices. New research and specially commissioned essays give access to existing research projects which at present are either scattered or unavailable in English.
The Translation Zone: A New Comparative Literature (Translation/Transnation #16)
by Emily ApterTranslation, before 9/11, was deemed primarily an instrument of international relations, business, education, and culture. Today it seems, more than ever, a matter of war and peace. In The Translation Zone, Emily Apter argues that the field of translation studies, habitually confined to a framework of linguistic fidelity to an original, is ripe for expansion as the basis for a new comparative literature. Organized around a series of propositions that range from the idea that nothing is translatable to the idea that everything is translatable, The Translation Zone examines the vital role of translation studies in the "invention" of comparative literature as a discipline. Apter emphasizes "language wars" (including the role of mistranslation in the art of war), linguistic incommensurability in translation studies, the tension between textual and cultural translation, the role of translation in shaping a global literary canon, the resistance to Anglophone dominance, and the impact of translation technologies on the very notion of how translation is defined. The book speaks to a range of disciplines and spans the globe. Ultimately, The Translation Zone maintains that a new comparative literature must take stock of the political impact of translation technologies on the definition of foreign or symbolic languages in the humanities, while recognizing the complexity of language politics in a world at once more monolingual and more multilingual.
A Translational Sociology: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Politics and Society (Translation, Politics and Society)
by Esperança BielsaA Translational Sociology provides an interdisciplinary investigation of the key role of translation in society. There is a growing recognition of translation’s intervention in the intellectual history of sociology, in the international reception of social theory, and in approaches to the global literary and academic fields. This book brings attention to aspects of translation that have remained more elusive to sociological interpretation and analysis, investigating translation’s ubiquitous presence in the everyday lives of ordinary people in increasingly multilingual societies and its key intervention in mediating politics within and beyond the nation. In order to challenge a reductive view of translation as a relatively straightforward process of word substitution that is still prevalent in the social sciences, this book proposes and develops a broader definition of translation as a social relation across linguistic difference, a process of transformation that leaves neither its agent nor its object unchanged. The book offers elaborations of the social, cultural and political implications of such an approach, as a broad focus on these various perspectives and their interrelations is needed for a fuller understanding of translation’s significance in the contemporary world. This is key reading for advanced students and researchers of translation studies, social theory, cultural sociology and political sociology.
Translational Spaces: Towards a Chinese-Western Convergence (Routledge Advances in Translation and Interpreting Studies)
by Yifeng SunThis book explores the concept of space, or rather spaces, in relation to translation, to construct a conceptual framework for research to better understand and solve translation problems. A number of interrelated spatial perspectives on translation supported by empirical evidence are presented to help better understand the complexities between China and West in cultural exchanges and to offer a way of explaining what happens to translation and why it takes on a particular form. In the chequered history of Chinese-Western cultural exchange, effective communication has remained a great challenge exacerbated by the ultimate inescapability of linguistic and cultural incommensurability. It is therefore necessary to develop conceptual tools that can help shed light on the interactive association between performativity and space in translation. Despite the unfailing desire to connect with the world, transnational resistance is still underway in China. Further attempts are required to promote a convergence of Chinese and Western translation theories in general and to confront problems arising from translation practice in particular. This work will be of interest to students and scholars in translation studies around the world, as well as those working in cultural studies and cross-cultural communication studies.
Translationality: Essays in the Translational-Medical Humanities (Routledge Advances in Translation and Interpreting Studies)
by Douglas RobinsonThis book defines "translationality" by weaving a number of sub- and interdisciplinary interests through the medical humanities: medicine in literature, the translational history of medical literature, a medical (neuroscience) approach to literary translation and translational hermeneutics, and a humanities (phenomenological/performative) approach to translational medicine. It consists of three long essays: the first on the traditional medicine-in-literature side of the medical humanities, with a close look at a recent novel built around the Capgras delusion and other neurological misidentification disorders; the second beginning with the traditional history-of-medicine side of the medical humanities, but segueing into literary history, translation history, and translation theory; the third on the social neuroscience of translational hermeneutics. The conclusion links the discussion up with a humanistic (performative/phenomenological) take on translational medicine.
Translations and Copyright in the Italian Book Trade: Publishers, Agents, and the State (1900-1947) (New Directions in Book History)
by Anna LanfranchiThe 19th-century copyright revolution gave authors and translators powerful tools over the use of their works. It encouraged publishers to form networks that connected them to writers, translators, authors’ societies, and literary agents worldwide. This book argues that the development of international frameworks for the protection of literary property represented a watershed in the transnational circulation of texts in translation. Through the lens of the post-Unification Italian translation market of British and US authors (1900-1947), it combines a copyright historical approach to book history with a systematic survey of British and Italian archives. It positions the Italian publishing industry within the broader European and transatlantic copyright market to explore the cultural, social, and political value of translation rights, offering a new interpretative key to the transnational nature of the modern book trade.
Translations in Korea: Theory and Practice
by Wook-Dong KimThis book explores practical and theoretical approaches to translation in Korea from the 16th century onwards, examining a variety of translations done in Korea from a diachronic perspective. Offering a discussion of the methodology for translating the Xiaoxue (Lesser or Elementary Learning), a primary textbook for Confucianism in China and other East Asian countries, the book considers the problems involving Korean Bible translation in general and the Term Question in particular. It examines James Scarth Gale, an early Canadian Protestant missionary to Korea, as one of the language’s remarkable translators. The book additionally compares three English versions of the Korean Declaration of Independence of 1919, arguing that the significant differences between them are due both to the translators’ political vision for an independent Korea as well as to their careers and Weltanschauungen. The book concludes with a detailed analysis of Deborah Smith’s English translation of ‘The Vegetarian’ by Han Kang, which won the 2016 Man Booker International Prize for Fiction.
Translator Positioning in Characterisation: A Multimodal Perspective of English Translations of Luotuo Xiangzi (Routledge Advances in Translation and Interpreting Studies)
by Minru ZhaoApplying Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) to Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS), to three translations of a classic Chinese text, Zhao proposes a new model for linking translator positioning with translational norms in the target culture. Zhao combines the Appraisal model from SFL with a characterisation model to describe the role of translator positioning in character construction. Looking at three different translations of the classic Chinese novel Luotuo Xiangzi, she uses corpus tools to compare the opening and ending chapters of each translation, identifying textual patterns of translator positioning. She then analyses and compares the cover designs of the translated novels and reconstructs the translational norms governing the translator’s positioning in characterisation. In doing so she contributes to DTS by developing a systematic and consistent framework to analyse verbal and visual elements in translated novels. Her multimodal analysis also provides insights into the broader patterns of translated language. An insightful read for scholars interested in both theoretical and empirical approaches to translation studies.
Translators, Interpreters, and Cultural Negotiators
by Federico M. Federici Dario TessiciniThis book reconsiders the intellectual, social and professional identity of translators and interpreters when their role involves an intercultural negotiation with institutional powers, be them medieval rulers, modern States, an army of invasion or a dominant culture. Surprisingly little is known of how historical mediations took place, how the mediators worked, and the ways in which transcultural mediations become implicit or explicit forms of power. The chapters seek to address how translators and interpreters can emerge in a position of power by presenting visions, methods, and case studies dealing with a wide thematic range of issues, such as historical concerns, cultural identity, and the role of translation in mediation and cultural transfer. With far-reaching analysis of history, politics, religion and literature, this book will appeal to researchers and students of translation, the history of communication, and institutional power.
The Translator's Invisibility: A History of Translation (Routledge Translation Classics)
by Lawrence VenutiSince publication over twenty years ago, The Translator’s Invisibility has provoked debate and controversy within the field of translation and become a classic text. Providing a fascinating account of the history of translation from the seventeenth century to the present day, Venuti shows how fluency prevailed over other translation strategies to shape the canon of foreign literatures in English and investigates the cultural consequences of the receptor values which were simultaneously inscribed and masked in foreign texts during this period. Reissued with a new introduction, in which the author provides a clear, detailed account of key concepts and arguments in order to issue a counterblast against simplistic interpretations, The Translator’s Invisibility takes its well-deserved place as part of the Routledge Translation Classics series. This book is essential reading for students of translation studies at all levels.
Translingual Words: An East Asian Lexical Encounter with English
by Jieun KiaerTranslingual Words is a detailed case study on lexical integration, or mediation, occurring between East Asian languages and English(es). In Part I, specific examples from global linguistic corpora are used to discuss the issues involved in lexical interaction between East Asia and the English-speaking world. Part II explores the spread of East Asian words in English, while Part III discusses English words which can be found in East Asian languages. Translingual Words presents a novel approach on hybrid words by challenging the orthodox ideas on lexical borrowing and explaining the dynamic growth of new words based on translingualism and transculturalism.
Transmedia Archaeology: Storytelling in the Borderlines of Science Fiction, Comics and Pulp Magazines
by Carlos A. Scolari Paolo Bertetti Matthew FreemanIn this book, the authors examine manifestations of transmedia storytelling in different historical periods and countries, spanning the UK, the US and Argentina. It takes us into the worlds of Conan the Barbarian, Superman and El Eternauta, introduces us to the archaeology of transmedia, and reinstates the fact that it's not a new phenomenon.
Transmedia Brand Storytelling: Immersive Experiences from Theory to Practice
by Karen E. Sutherland Richie BarkerThis book presents new global research on transmedia storytelling as a form of brand communication. It explores the theoretical underpinnings of transmedia storytelling and its practical application through survey and interview data from creatives, marketing, advertising and public relations practitioners. The final section analyzes contemporary campaigns from various countries and proposes a Transmedia Brand Storytelling Model for Practice, based on primary and secondary research data. The book aims to better understand and communicate the real-world opportunities and barriers to producing transmedia brand storytelling campaigns for practitioners.
Transmedia Branding: Engage Your Audience
by Burghardt Tenderich Jerried Williams Arlene Luck Larry GrossYou're either fully engaged with your audience or you're irrelevant. The choice is yours.What do Chipotle and The Matrix and Intel and Old Spice and The Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles know that you don't? How have disruptive economics, consumerism, and spreadable media evolved the relationship between brands and their audiences?We've all heard it before -- decreased barriers to entry, increased accessibility to technology, and the ability to virtually connect with experts around the globe have ignited a fiercely competitive battle for eyeballs. In this crowded media environment, how can brands create campaigns that people want to engage with and share with others? What mistakes do they need to avoid?In Transmedia Branding: Engage Your Audience, Burghardt Tenderich and Jerried Williams traverse the entertainment industry, technology sector, and consumer goods to show the timeless relevance of some of the greatest minds in communications: David Ogilvy, Edward Bernays, Philip Kotler, and Henry Jenkins. They provide a methodology for developing transmedia branding campaigns to engage audiences along with multiple case studies for further insight.The book targets marketing and public relations practitioners, students, academics and anybody interested in the rapidly evolving world of marketing communications and public relations.
Transmedia Change: Pedagogy and Practice for Socially-Concerned Transmedia Stories (Routledge Advances in Transmedia Studies)
by Kevin MoloneyThis book examines and illustrates the use of design principles, design thinking, and other empathy research techniques in university and public settings, to plan and ethically target socially-concerned transmedia stories and evaluate their success through user experience testing methods. All media industries continue to adjust to a dispersed, diverse, and dilettante mediascape where reaching a large global audience may be easy but communicating with a decisive and engaged public is more difficult. This challenge is arguably toughest for communicators who work to engage a public with reality rather than escape. The chapters in this volume outline the pedagogy and practice of design, empathy research methods for story development, transmedia logics for socially-concerned stories, development of community engagement and the embrace of collective narrative, art and science research collaboration, the role of mixed and virtual reality in prosocial communication, ethical audience targeting, and user experience testing for storytelling campaigns. Each broad topic includes case examples and full case studies of each stage in production. Offering a detailed exploration of a fast-emerging area, this book will be of great relevance to researchers and university teachers of socially-concerned transmedia storytelling in fields such as journalism, documentary filmmaking, education, and activism.
Transmedia Knowledge for Liberal Arts and Community Engagement: A StudioLab Manifesto (Digital Education and Learning)
by Jon McKenzieThis book sets forth a pedagogy for renewing the liberal arts by combining critical thinking, media activism, and design thinking. Using the StudioLab approach, the author seeks to democratize the social and technical practices of digital culture just as nineteenth century education sought to democratize literacy. This production of transmedia knowledge—from texts and videos to comics and installations—moves students between seminar, studio, lab, and field activities. The book also wrestles with the figure of Plato and the very medium of knowledge to re-envision higher education in contemporary societies, issuing a call for community engagement as a form of collective thought-action.
Transmedia Selves: Identity and Persona Creation in the Age of Mobile and Multiplatform Media (Routledge Advances in Transmedia Studies)
by James Dalby Matthew FreemanThis book examines the mediated shift in the contemporary human condition, focusing on the ways in which we synthesise with media content in daily life, essentially transmediating ourselves into new forms and (re)creating ourselves across media. Across an international roster of essays, this book establishes a transdisciplinary theory for the ‘transmedia self’, exploring how technological ubiquity and digital self-determination combine with themes and disciplines such as celebrity culture, fandom, play, politics, and ultimately broader self-conception and projection to inform the creation of transmedia identities in the twenty-first century. Specifically, the book repositions transmediality as key to understanding the formation of identity in a post-digital media culture and transmedia age, where our lives are interlaced, intermingled, and narrativised across a range of media platforms and interfaces. This book is ideal for scholars and students interested in transmedia storytelling, cultural studies, media studies, sociology, philosophy, and politics.
Transmediality in Independent Journalism: The Turkish Case (Routledge Advances in Transmedia Studies)
by Dilek GürsoyTransmediality in Independent Journalism investigates mainstream journalism and its escape routes to independence through transmedia strategies. Within the scope of the latest debates in Turkey, the author argues that the function of transmediality in Turkish journalism is gradually shifting from being only a commercial entity to becoming a political system for social change, a survival mechanism for independent journalists to reach out to diverse audiences, and gain back the public trust. Bringing a fresh perspective to recent studies on cultures of transmediality along with an in-depth analysis of three contemporary Turkish cases, the book: Builds upon questions of whether transmedia storytelling can offer a support system to construct an alternative news media world in a political context such as Turkey’s Examines how transmedia storytelling can reach places the mainstream news media can’t control Explores whether transmedia storytelling can sustain the survival of an independent journalist in Turkey’s political context Looking beyond the case of Turkey, this study will be an important addition to the literature on rethinking journalistic form and practice, teaching transmedia strategies, and social communication. It will be of great benefit to students and scholars of journalism studies, transmedia studies, and media and communication studies.
Transmesis
by Thomas O. BeebeeThe concept of transmesis refers to the depiction of translation and translators within fictional texts. The term's metaphorical conjunction of mimesis with translation suggests both the mimetic treatment of items in the black box, i. e. of those aspects of translation that translations as 'finished' products conceal, and also the question of how to represent language and multilingual realities in literature. Thomas O. Beebee examines and compares examples of transmesis across a wide variety of languages, cultures, and historical periods.
Transmission Difficulties: Franz Boas and Tsimshian Mythology
by Ralph MaudIt has been well known since Marius Barbeau's review of the first edition of Franz Boas's Tsimshian Mythology in 1917, that something was seriously amiss with Boas's alleged "translations" of the stories gathered by his chief Tsimshian informant, Henry Tate. But what, exactly, was it that Boas was doing with Tate's stories? It is this question that Ralph Maud sets out to address in Transmission Difficulties. * Boas's original misrepresentations of the over 2,000 pages of material he received from Henry Tate have been denied by the ethnographic establishment for over eighty years. His distortion of Tate's stories has been rationalized, to date, as "cultural relativism"--any loss of Tate's original material in this ethnographic "collaboration" between Native informant and European scientist was "unavoidable," due to the presumably equal "cultural differences" between them. This, Maud argues convincingly, is not the case at all. The fact that Boas paid Tate for his stories by the page, and furthermore instructed Tate specifically on what stories, and even on what kinds of stories he was to gather and submit, created a profoundly unequal relationship between these two men, which resulted in an inevitable and pre-determined "authentication" of the Native material by the European ethnographer. * Transmission Difficulties unfolds like a gripping, real-life mystery story. It leaves the reader with a whole new vision of what the relation between European colonials and Aboriginal inhabitants in the Americas might have been, and still might be.
Transmission Difficulties
by Ralph MaudIt has been well known since Marius Barbeau's review of the first edition of Franz Boas's Tsimshian Mythology in 1917 that something was seriously amiss with Boas's alleged "translations" of the stories gathered by his chief Tsimshian informant, Henry Tate. But what, exactly, was it that Boas was doing with Tate's stories? Ralph Maud answers this question in Transmission Difficulties.
Transmission Lines
by Richard CollierThis rigorous treatment of transmission lines presents all the essential concepts in a clear and straightforward manner. Key principles are demonstrated by numerous practical worked examples and illustrations, and complex mathematics is avoided throughout. Early chapters cover pulse propagation, sinusoidal waves and coupled lines, all set within the context of a simple lossless equivalent circuit. Later chapters then develop this basic model by demonstrating the derivation of circuit parameters, and the use of Maxwell's equations to extend this theory to major transmission lines. Finally, a discussion of photonic concepts and properties provides valuable insights into the fundamental physics underpinning transmission lines. Covering DC to optical frequencies, this accessible text is an invaluable resource for students, researchers and professionals in electrical, RF and microwave engineering.
Transmission Techniques for 4G Systems
by Mario Marques da Silva Americo Correia Rui Dinis Nuno Souto Joao Carlos SilvaFourth Generation (4G) wireless communication systems support current and emergent multimedia services such as mobile TV, social networks and gaming, high-definition TV, video teleconferencing, and messaging services. These systems feature the All-over-IP concept and boast improved quality of service. Several important R&D activities are curren
Transnational Advocacy Networks in the Information Society: Partners or Pawns? (Information Technology and Global Governance)
by Derrick L. CogburnThis book examines the role of transnational advocacy networks in enabling effective participation for individual citizens in the deliberative processes of global governance. Contextualized around the international conference setting of the United Nations-sponsored World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) in 2003 and 2005, the book sees epistemic communities and information and communication technologies (ICTs) as critical to the effectiveness of this important organizational form. Historically, governments have dominated the official “conference diplomacy” surrounding these World Summits. However, reflecting the UN General Assembly resolution authorizing WSIS, transnational civil society and private sector organizations were invited to participate as official partners in a multistakeholder dialogue at the summit alongside the more traditional governments and international organizations. This book asks: are transnational advocacy networks active in the global information society influential partners in these global governance processes, or merely symbolic tokens—or pawns? Cogburn explores the factors that enabled some networks—such as the Internet Governance Caucus—to persist and thrive, while others failed, and sees linkages with epistemic communities—such as the Global Internet Governance Academic Network—and ICTs as critical to network effectiveness.